[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.31,0:00:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would the world look like\Nif extreme climate change becomes reality?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.33,0:00:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, here's just one example.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.89,0:00:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If temperatures were to rise\Nby three more degrees Celsius,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.07,0:00:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shanghai, a city\Nof 24 million people in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.08,0:00:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be wiped off the map.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.90,0:00:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just the only coastal city
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.92,0:00:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's at risk of disappearing\Nbeneath rising sea levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.69,0:00:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Globally, 2019 was the second\Nhottest year on record.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.32,0:00:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities all throughout the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.83,0:00:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experienced record-setting\Nsummer temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.19,0:00:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In June 2019, temperatures\Nin Churu, India,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.56,0:00:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exceeded 120 degrees Fahrenheit,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.21,0:00:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the point that\Nthe government warned citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.49,0:00:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to avoid drinking coffee, tea and alcohol\Nout of fear of overheating.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.30,0:00:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heat waves are becoming more severe\Nand commonplace due to climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.01,0:00:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,projected to lead to deaths at the same\Nrate as all infectious diseases combined.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.54,0:00:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map here
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.74,0:00:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows the increase in the severity\Nand prevalence of heat waves
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.90,0:00:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the world follows\Na moderate warming scenario.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.74,0:01:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2050, summertime highs\Nof 95 degrees Fahrenheit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.58,0:01:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 35 degrees Celsius,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.18,0:01:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will become the new normal\Nin nearly 1,000 cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.80,0:01:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triple the number of cities that currently\Nexperience these sweltering temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.78,0:01:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the irony is that cities\Nare not just affected by climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.34,0:01:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're also causing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.03,0:01:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities consume between 60 and 80 percent\Nof global energy resources
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.18,0:01:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and account for approximately 70 percent\Nof global carbon dioxide emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.71,0:01:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we can see here in this map,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.43,0:01:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the light blue and the yellow areas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.16,0:01:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,correspond to those\Nwith the highest fossil fuel-based
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.75,0:01:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon dioxide emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.93,0:01:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also correspond\Nto major urban centers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.45,0:01:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aside from cities' energy consumption,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.54,0:01:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growing urban areas\Nconvert the planet's green surfaces
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.18,0:01:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to buildings and pavement,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.48,0:01:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these can absorb\Nmore of the sun's energy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.81,0:01:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the natural grasslands and forests\Nthat they've replaced,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.77,0:01:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making urban areas hotter\Nthan their surrounding environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.71,0:01:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This phenomenon is called\Nthe "urban heat island effect."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.54,0:01:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here in Singapore, downtown neighborhoods\Ncan be as much as seven degrees Celsius,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.78,0:01:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 13 degrees Fahrenheit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.27,0:01:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hotter than the rainforests\Nthat were once here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.87,0:02:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While it's true that cities\Nare contributing to climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're also key actors in forging\Nlow carbon emission pathways.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.21,0:02:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In dense cities like New York City\Nand Tokyo, for instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.84,0:02:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the average resident
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.20,0:02:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is responsible for over two tons\Nof carbon dioxide emissions per capita.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.16,0:02:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is less than a single\Npassenger car emits
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.29,0:02:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a single year in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.49,0:02:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities around the world are stepping up\Nto tackle climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.59,0:02:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with ambitious policies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.79,0:02:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that often exceed the requirements\Nof national governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.77,0:02:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take Copenhagen, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.64,0:02:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's committed to become\Ncarbon neutral by 2025,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.83,0:02:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Glasgow in Scotland also plans\Nto become carbon neutral by 2030.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.18,0:02:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, there are more than 10,000 cities\Nall around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.67,0:02:44.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are committing\Nto their own ambitious climate actions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.48,0:02:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plans that include\Nemissions reduction targets,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.87,0:02:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clean energy and sustainable\Ntransit projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.50,0:02:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also energy efficiency policies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.67,0:02:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can save people and cities\Nmoney, energy and emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.26,0:02:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recent analysis shows\Nthat just 6,000 cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.22,0:03:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combined with regions and companies,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.11,0:03:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are undertaking climate initiatives\Nthat can reduce global emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.75,0:03:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by up to two gigatons\Nof carbon dioxide equivalent in 2030.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.90,0:03:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's roughly four percent\Nof the world's total annual emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.51,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of what national\Ngovernments have pledged.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.82,0:03:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is just the start.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.29,0:03:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine what could happen\Nif 20,000 cities were to band together
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.69,0:03:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to curb climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.34,0:03:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While this potential for cities' climate\Naction sounds really promising,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.79,0:03:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities must work to make sure
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.53,0:03:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these policies\Nare implemented fairly and equitably.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.50,0:03:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where you live in a city,\Nyour income, your race --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.20,0:03:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research is showing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.43,0:03:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these factors can determine\Nyour access to environmental benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.95,0:03:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like green space and sustainable transit,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.03,0:03:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can also determine\Nyour share of environmental burdens
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.13,0:03:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like air pollution and climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.10,0:03:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We observe these\Nneighborhood-level disparities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.33,0:03:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly clearly in these\Nside-by-side images of Los Angeles,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.56,0:03:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comparing income on the left\Nand tree cover on the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.74,0:03:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The darkest green neighborhood\Nhas an average annual income
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.70,0:03:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of over 100,000 US dollars per person.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.27,0:04:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over 70 percent of it has tree cover.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.94,0:04:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blue neighborhoods\Ntowards the bottom of the map
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.40,0:04:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only have a third of the income per person
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.44,0:04:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and less than five percent tree cover.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.68,0:04:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seventy percent versus five.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.16,0:04:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This disparity has real consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.52,0:04:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Green spaces are often public spaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.84,0:04:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're known to be associated\Nwith social and economic well-being.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.46,0:04:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can also reduce crime\Nand foster social cohesion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.77,0:04:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trees also can help\Nto filter harmful air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.89,0:04:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and provide evaporative cooling and shade
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.23,0:04:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and relief for some\Nof these high temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.78,0:04:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So not only are those poorer neighborhoods
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.81,0:04:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a greater disadvantage\Nfrom access to green space,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.56,0:04:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're also more vulnerable\Nto air pollution and climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.84,0:04:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can observe particularly\Npronounced disparities
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.44,0:04:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in urban heat according to race.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.49,0:04:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our latest research shows that 97 percent\Nof major urban areas in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.30,0:04:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are exposing Black populations\Nand people of color
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.62,0:04:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a full degree Celsius\Nhigher of urban heat
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.61,0:04:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than their white counterparts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.09,0:04:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take a look at this map of my hometown\Nof Greenville, South Carolina.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.41,0:05:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike the name suggests\Nit is not green for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.52,0:05:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hottest areas of the county\Nshown on the map in red
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.85,0:05:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,correspond with the highest percentages\Nof Black and poor populations.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.01,0:05:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're seeing similar patterns\Nthroughout cities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.43,0:05:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all across the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.22,0:05:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To address these inequalities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.81,0:05:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities are starting\Nto strategize and develop plans
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.78,0:05:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can ensure that climate benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.23,0:05:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are provided to all\Nof their citizens equally.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.06,0:05:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take Bogotá, the capital city\Nof Colombia, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.58,0:05:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has one of the most\Nextensive bike networks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.28,0:05:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all of Latin America,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.70,0:05:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connecting people to jobs,\Neducation centers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.25,0:05:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recreational opportunities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.54,0:05:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A new bike highway project can allow\Nfor around 42,000 daily bicycle trips
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.15,0:05:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and potentially avoid 270,000 tons\Nof greenhouse gas emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.89,0:05:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Africa, where many cities\Nlack universal access to electricity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.59,0:05:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mini-grids are providing\Napproximately 73 million households
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.36,0:05:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with clean electricity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.92,0:05:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as we can see from these examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.72,0:06:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tackling climate change\Nhas to start in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.42,0:06:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many cities are starting\Nto flip the script on climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.36,0:06:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proving to be part of the solution\Nand not just the problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.27,0:06:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bringing the kind\Nof innovative solutions that we need
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.02,0:06:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a more just and sustainable world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.94,0:06:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.