WEBVTT

00:00:41.000 --> 00:01:22.000
This is radio.

00:01:22.000 --> 00:05:43.000
If you go shopping with.

00:11:07.000 --> 00:10:39.000
This week on Radio Eco shark.

00:10:39.000 --> 00:09:21.000
We're going to the end of the earth.

00:09:21.000 --> 00:15:14.000
It's a feature-length interview 
about new science the chills

00:01:25.000 --> 00:03:37.000
Antarctica is melting.

00:03:37.000 --> 00:10:10.000
I guarantee you will read headlines 
and see amazing video news

00:10:50.000 --> 00:12:24.000
from the science were discovering 
this week sea levels will rise

00:12:24.000 --> 00:10:28.000
around the planet for centuries 
reshaping the coastlines and

00:11:08.000 --> 00:03:00.000
civilization,

00:03:00.000 --> 00:11:23.000
then we'll finish up with the return 
of Marjorie Wilde craft with

00:11:23.000 --> 00:01:26.000
more tips on growing your own groceries.

00:01:26.000 --> 00:11:18.000
It's all food for thought and action,

00:11:18.000 --> 00:14:19.000
I'm Alex Smith,

00:14:19.000 --> 00:16:40.000
the journey begins.

00:09:47.000 --> 00:07:21.000
There's a lot of action in Antarctica 
and that can bring changes

00:10:21.000 --> 00:14:22.000
all over the world.

00:14:22.000 --> 00:10:06.000
Here to discuss recent sciences 
Dr. Roland C warmer.

00:10:06.000 --> 00:15:49.000
He is a researcher with the Antarctic 
climate and ecosystems

00:03:40.000 --> 00:10:04.000
Cooperative Research Centre at the 
University of Tasmania Tasmania

00:10:54.000 --> 00:11:08.000
is the closest Australian state to 
Antarctica Dr. Warner welcome

00:11:08.000 --> 00:15:59.000
to Radio Eco shock.

00:03:42.000 --> 00:09:32.000
With him.

00:15:32.000 --> 00:02:43.000
Well,

00:02:43.000 --> 00:07:56.000
thank you for joining us for an update 
on this frozen world at the

00:07:56.000 --> 00:04:07.000
South Pole.

00:04:07.000 --> 00:06:11.000
First of all what parts of Australia 
are closest to Antarctica and

00:06:51.000 --> 00:14:04.000
what claims does your country 
have on that continent.

00:06:25.000 --> 00:12:05.000
Okay.

00:12:05.000 --> 00:16:05.000
Well,

00:16:05.000 --> 00:12:00.000
I'm here in Tasmania of an 
island state of Australia.

00:12:00.000 --> 00:13:34.000
Half of the Australian mainland 
and well I thought still some

00:15:04.000 --> 00:16:28.000
distance away to our south there 
are only a few small islands in

00:16:28.000 --> 00:07:20.000
the middle of the Southern Ocean,

00:07:20.000 --> 00:04:43.000
between Australia and Antarctica.

00:04:43.000 --> 00:13:43.000
However,

00:13:43.000 --> 00:02:19.000
as you alluded Australia does have 
a territorial claim to a large

00:03:09.000 --> 00:15:30.000
piece of the Antarctic,

00:15:30.000 --> 00:17:22.000
but 42% of it,

00:17:22.000 --> 00:04:17.000
to be precise now various countries 
establish these claims in an

00:04:17.000 --> 00:08:39.000
age of heroic exploration.

00:08:39.000 --> 00:02:23.000
You know putting out flags and claiming 
things in the name of if

00:02:23.000 --> 00:11:43.000
you know,

00:11:43.000 --> 00:04:04.000
typically,

00:04:04.000 --> 00:02:37.000
your moniker your state 
with the done thing.

00:02:37.000 --> 00:12:51.000
In those days and these claims exist 
and some of them actually

00:14:01.000 --> 00:14:02.000
tend to overlap,

00:14:02.000 --> 00:17:26.000
particularly around the most successful 
part then tactic in that.

00:17:26.000 --> 00:12:50.000
Think of the Antarctic Peninsula 
points up to South America and

00:12:50.000 --> 00:15:23.000
one big think there isn't actually 
coined by anyone at all.

00:15:23.000 --> 00:17:06.000
But these claims are on 
ice and if you will.

00:17:06.000 --> 00:14:17.000
Under their party.

00:16:47.000 --> 00:14:41.000
Treaty which was established in 
the 1950s and it's that treaty

00:14:41.000 --> 00:06:35.000
that governs how people 
behave in Antarctica.

00:06:35.000 --> 00:07:36.000
These days,

00:07:36.000 --> 00:13:30.000
whether they have claims to particular 
pieces of turf all but I

00:18:50.000 --> 00:09:41.000
will not.

00:05:52.000 --> 00:06:13.000
And have you been there.

00:13:44.000 --> 00:14:45.000
Yes I think twice.

00:14:45.000 --> 00:11:10.000
I think of 3 summer seasons 
with heat strain in US,

00:11:10.000 --> 00:18:30.000
British,

00:18:30.000 --> 00:14:45.000
French collaborative project this 
imaginatively called ice cap.

00:14:45.000 --> 00:15:09.000
This is a bit of a mouthful stands 
for investigating Christ very

00:17:49.000 --> 00:06:25.000
evolution through collaborative 2 
physical profiling and what that

00:06:25.000 --> 00:15:38.000
means is that we have a whole range 
of instruments on an aircraft

00:15:38.000 --> 00:19:42.000
, the fact of the rejuvenated DC 
3 genuine World War II vintage

00:12:53.000 --> 00:16:16.000
and we fly for hours and hours.

00:16:16.000 --> 00:17:50.000
They are the ice sheet measuring 
many different things and I'm

00:17:50.000 --> 00:13:24.000
sure we will discuss today 
using that aircraft.

00:13:24.000 --> 00:04:08.000
So I was a Casey station which is 
one of 3 Australian basis on

00:11:08.000 --> 00:09:43.000
continent itself that's due south 
of Western Australia and I've

00:09:43.000 --> 00:06:44.000
got there.

00:06:44.000 --> 00:15:27.000
In this modern era either by flying 
directly there in a jet plane

00:17:57.000 --> 00:14:41.000
from here in Havana to the runaway 
on the ice cap behind the

00:16:21.000 --> 00:04:46.000
station or rather more long way 
around changing planes that.

00:17:36.000 --> 00:11:41.000
US they with murder when flying for 
hours and hours allow you know

00:18:31.000 --> 00:05:57.000
ski equipped Hercules to land at 
and on one occasion I've come

00:05:57.000 --> 00:16:50.000
home on our ice breaker which 
took 7 considered try.

00:11:02.000 --> 00:15:23.000
It's a giant place.

00:15:23.000 --> 00:09:17.000
I mean it is a real continent 
now in a shocking bit of news

00:09:17.000 --> 00:05:01.000
Antarctica just experienced the 2 
hardest days ever recorded there

00:05:01.000 --> 00:18:53.000
, namely 63.5 degrees Fahrenheit,

00:18:53.000 --> 00:14:36.000
or 17.5° C and that was that.

00:14:36.000 --> 00:13:10.000
The Argentinian Esperanza Base 
on the Antarctic Peninsula.

00:13:10.000 --> 00:10:13.000
I've heard that was warmer than the 
temperature in Britain on the

00:10:13.000 --> 00:05:25.000
same day in late March.

00:05:25.000 --> 00:10:58.000
Is that just a freak occurrence 
or do you think Antarctica is

00:10:58.000 --> 00:20:28.000
warming.

00:20:29.000 --> 00:07:40.000
Yeah,

00:07:40.000 --> 00:19:34.000
I don't say that being involved with 
the phone day here at home.

00:19:34.000 --> 00:18:08.000
It's not part of either or outside 
the Antarctic Peninsula.

00:18:08.000 --> 00:05:23.000
But think you're Antarctica pointing 
South America is an area of

00:05:23.000 --> 00:11:46.000
Antarctica that shows some of the 
greatest climate warming of

00:12:26.000 --> 00:09:37.000
recent years.

00:09:37.000 --> 00:13:48.000
For the whole planet,

00:13:48.000 --> 00:15:52.000
perhaps 5° Celsius warmer 
over the last 50 years,

00:15:52.000 --> 00:07:25.000
according to the British Antarctic Survey.

00:07:25.000 --> 00:10:38.000
So it's consistent with that sort 
of situation that you're going

00:10:38.000 --> 00:19:52.000
to keep getting record breaking maximum 
temperatures and that of

00:19:52.000 --> 00:20:35.000
course one hot days where there 
while the trend in hot days who

00:21:45.000 --> 00:20:20.000
climbed into it was not a theorist 
of previous record was only 0.4

00:08:31.000 --> 00:12:56.000
degree Celsius lower that was back 
in 1961 and it was even later

00:12:56.000 --> 00:17:00.000
in the year as a month later was in 
April that's so it's only anti

00:17:00.000 --> 00:18:12.000
think the reason is warming.

00:18:12.000 --> 00:11:46.000
And so when I 3 state holidays.

00:11:46.000 --> 00:06:17.000
You know,

00:06:17.000 --> 00:10:38.000
so not a freak occurrence.

00:15:18.000 --> 00:12:39.000
All right,

00:12:39.000 --> 00:15:09.000
well,

00:15:09.000 --> 00:10:43.000
let's turn to a new scientific paper 
you were directly involved in

00:11:03.000 --> 00:12:28.000
the title is ocean access to a 
cavity beneath glacier in East

00:15:18.000 --> 00:16:49.000
Antarctica.

00:16:49.000 --> 00:06:21.000
We need to frame that a bit.

00:06:21.000 --> 00:20:31.000
Obviously,

00:20:31.000 --> 00:09:04.000
where's the tartan glacier 
and how big is it.

00:09:25.000 --> 00:14:25.000
Yes,

00:14:25.000 --> 00:05:56.000
certainly.

00:05:56.000 --> 00:15:40.000
The Congress is the largest growth 
you know East Antarctica.

00:15:40.000 --> 00:08:15.000
It came to split Antarctic are 
up by which in the world,

00:08:15.000 --> 00:22:15.000
we're looking at.

00:22:15.000 --> 00:12:16.000
After all,

00:12:16.000 --> 00:20:29.000
and I think you know everything 
is sort of you know and so we

00:20:29.000 --> 00:15:13.000
don't particularly is parts weaving 
between the Greenwich Meridian

00:15:13.000 --> 00:22:09.000
and the line below Africa 
Australia so the Congo.

00:22:09.000 --> 00:17:02.000
If you can fight on almost exactly 
the opposite side and

00:17:02.000 --> 00:20:18.000
Antarctica so less brands when looking 
at about 116 he strongly

00:06:59.000 --> 00:16:49.000
too.

00:16:49.000 --> 00:15:31.000
So almost directly below 
the city of Perth.

00:15:31.000 --> 00:14:33.000
In the capital city of Western Australia.

00:12:06.000 --> 00:11:01.000
He took a very large grace period 
driving 540,000 square

00:12:11.000 --> 00:16:43.000
kilometers of East Antarctica.

00:16:43.000 --> 00:08:44.000
He was like,

00:08:44.000 --> 00:17:37.000
I think that is being more than 
twice the size of for you.

00:17:37.000 --> 00:23:10.000
Australian state of Victoria for North 
American audience audiences

00:23:10.000 --> 00:21:23.000
might be more helpful to say that 
somewhat more than twice the

00:21:53.000 --> 00:19:05.000
area of all the Great Lakes put together.

00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:07.000
And that's big.

00:18:07.000 --> 00:06:58.000
Yeah.

00:11:58.000 --> 00:07:49.000
Yes,

00:07:49.000 --> 00:14:39.000
okay.

00:14:39.000 --> 00:18:34.000
And so just food to fill out is the 
story this 70 billion tons of

00:18:34.000 --> 00:19:09.000
ice flows out of that quite you know 
every year that's amazingly

00:21:19.000 --> 00:22:31.000
about the flow rate of Niagara Falls,

00:22:31.000 --> 00:10:44.000
but obviously it's moving slightly,

00:10:44.000 --> 00:16:36.000
but on a very grand scale.

00:22:56.000 --> 00:15:09.000
Is that the amount that actually 
reaches the sea every year.

00:23:39.000 --> 00:18:10.000
Yep,

00:18:10.000 --> 00:16:11.000
that's,

00:16:11.000 --> 00:14:36.000
that's what that that out of ice 
that you can collect in half a

00:14:36.000 --> 00:15:08.000
million square kilometers,

00:15:08.000 --> 00:08:12.000
I should say that they are itself 
is more than 30km wide at the

00:08:12.000 --> 00:12:27.000
front considerably stand and Niagara 
Falls and its 200 meters

00:14:07.000 --> 00:20:38.000
thick.

00:20:38.000 --> 00:10:40.000
So there's a lot of life on the moon.

00:23:40.000 --> 00:11:11.000
Well,

00:11:11.000 --> 00:22:53.000
you've hit something that's a little 
confusing to some of us we

00:22:53.000 --> 00:10:38.000
have sea ice which doesn't directly 
add to sea level rise.

00:10:38.000 --> 00:21:02.000
We have melting from land ice like 
Greenland which does add to the

00:21:42.000 --> 00:16:55.000
sea level rise and then in the Arctic.

00:16:55.000 --> 00:13:58.000
There's only a couple small ice shelves 
left attached to Canadian

00:13:58.000 --> 00:19:31.000
polar islands but in Antarctica 
seems confusing,

00:19:31.000 --> 00:18:34.000
could you just give us a quick update 
on the relationship between

00:19:14.000 --> 00:21:08.000
sea ice ice shelves and 
land based glaciers.

00:18:29.000 --> 00:10:20.000
Yeah,

00:10:20.000 --> 00:23:14.000
this is certainly something which 
could use a lot of people.

00:23:14.000 --> 00:09:19.000
Yet the only turning to do it through 
water or flowing into the

00:09:49.000 --> 00:14:19.000
sea.

00:14:19.000 --> 00:09:21.000
That could affect sea level rises.

00:09:21.000 --> 00:17:15.000
Obviously I that's currently not 
floating on the ocean because

00:17:36.000 --> 00:10:09.000
courtesy of the year old Archimedes 
we have you know the guy

00:15:39.000 --> 00:12:03.000
that's floating on the ocean when 
it melts well simply filling the

00:13:33.000 --> 00:19:33.000
volume.

00:19:33.000 --> 00:21:45.000
It was previously displacing.

00:21:45.000 --> 00:23:19.000
So that's not to say that the melting 
of things like ice shelves

00:24:19.000 --> 00:17:30.000
which is.

00:13:21.000 --> 00:19:53.000
Got if your that the floating 
on the ocean.

00:19:53.000 --> 00:10:07.000
That's not to say that won't have 
an impact on the earth's system

00:12:37.000 --> 00:13:02.000
because it's only going to fresh 
of top layers of the ocean that

00:15:52.000 --> 00:18:26.000
in terms of the level rises ground 
a life like Greenland and like

00:21:16.000 --> 00:16:40.000
for little ice caps are still remain 
you where you know Arctic and

00:19:20.000 --> 00:12:44.000
now graces around the world and 
a sleeping giant in the lift,

00:12:44.000 --> 00:16:37.000
which perhaps is not fleeting Antarctica 
that's where think was

00:16:37.000 --> 00:17:38.000
going to come from.

00:17:38.000 --> 00:09:52.000
I would like to fall out 
of the on story as well.

00:09:52.000 --> 00:16:47.000
Think about feel it is this is the 
host of surface freezing and

00:17:17.000 --> 00:14:20.000
it's around Antarctica and in the Arctic.

00:14:20.000 --> 00:21:24.000
It's one of the big seasonal changes 
in the Earth's climate system

00:11:05.000 --> 00:20:46.000
around Antarctica in the wintertime.

00:20:46.000 --> 00:15:12.000
The area where the ocean surface 
is predominantly covered by why

00:16:42.000 --> 00:14:44.000
such been frozen over the ocean itself.

00:14:44.000 --> 00:13:46.000
That's almost double for 
signs of that big,

00:13:46.000 --> 00:13:59.000
white pants down of that 
the part of the globe.

00:13:59.000 --> 00:23:53.000
And when that sea ice is forming 
the Fiat itself is relatively

00:23:53.000 --> 00:18:17.000
fresh from the salt water on that 
they could become smug Saltire

00:11:58.000 --> 00:20:42.000
and wipe a different story for one 
we want to tell today that's

00:20:42.000 --> 00:24:55.000
actually what drives a lot of the 
deep global ocean circulation

00:13:26.000 --> 00:23:49.000
further things would happen with 
sea ice around Antarctica.

00:23:49.000 --> 00:19:43.000
We were fixing the the deep political 
be overturning circulation

00:23:03.000 --> 00:12:44.000
alcohol plant.

00:16:55.000 --> 00:18:09.000
The progression of ourselves shelves 
and the ice sheet is also an

00:18:09.000 --> 00:23:30.000
interesting one.

00:23:30.000 --> 00:25:14.000
The melting away all the changes 
in ourselves don't directly

00:11:05.000 --> 00:22:28.000
affect civil rights of a but there 
are still Ferraris something

00:22:48.000 --> 00:13:42.000
for the gatekeepers particularly 
for Antarctica in terms of the

00:15:22.000 --> 00:16:08.000
rate at which ice flows from a grounded 
ice into the ocean and we

00:17:28.000 --> 00:22:11.000
believe in effect changes in the 
ice shelves are going to be that

00:22:51.000 --> 00:19:46.000
the major drivers in changing the 
dynamics of the whole why she

00:20:26.000 --> 00:19:00.000
could phone they do play a 
big role in in the future.

00:19:00.000 --> 00:11:11.000
Sea level.

00:19:11.000 --> 00:26:53.000
It's been compared to pulling 
the cork out of a bottle.

00:22:14.000 --> 00:15:35.000
Yes,

00:15:35.000 --> 00:21:28.000
all you can think of it as a keystone 
you know basically you have

00:21:28.000 --> 00:10:52.000
a big Ice shelf you know talking 
of the biggest ones are very

00:15:32.000 --> 00:15:36.000
firmly professionally in very 
large but that would in fact

00:16:16.000 --> 00:18:38.000
probably be called fees if they weren't.

00:18:38.000 --> 00:19:03.000
Follow us and the presence of 
the ice shelf there provides

00:15:14.000 --> 00:17:09.000
retiring stress that's holding back 
ice which is flowing typically

00:24:19.000 --> 00:17:54.000
I flew in Antarctica is concentrated 
into major quite fast moving

00:17:54.000 --> 00:24:14.000
out late.

00:24:54.000 --> 00:11:25.000
Well,

00:11:25.000 --> 00:27:50.000
if you know so I streams and it's 
quite focused for likely to top

00:12:31.000 --> 00:12:14.000
the lot of mentioning before and 
often is channeled into these

00:12:54.000 --> 00:11:57.000
very being ourselves and so if you 
do something to change the ice

00:11:57.000 --> 00:26:17.000
shelf.

00:26:17.000 --> 00:17:00.000
You're going to do something to change 
the whole balance of forces

00:19:20.000 --> 00:26:53.000
from that's that's restraining the 
writer was that ice flows into

00:27:43.000 --> 00:18:24.000
the ocean.

00:22:05.000 --> 00:26:29.000
It seems parts of Antarctica are 
actually below sea level.

00:26:29.000 --> 00:19:53.000
Is that correct and what would that 
continent look like without

00:19:53.000 --> 00:14:34.000
the ice cap.

00:24:44.000 --> 00:13:45.000
Yes,

00:13:45.000 --> 00:12:00.000
that's certainly true again that 
East West Antarctica dividing

00:12:00.000 --> 00:21:13.000
line is is perhaps a useful 
one here for a long time.

00:21:13.000 --> 00:25:17.000
We've known by probing through to 
see how thick the ice is and how

00:25:57.000 --> 00:24:21.000
far down that is bedrock 
company we've known.

00:24:21.000 --> 00:18:13.000
There's a lot of the West.

00:18:13.000 --> 00:15:07.000
And I think I see is standing on 
the sea floor maybe half a mile

00:15:07.000 --> 00:14:20.000
or more still needles but 
deep and that includes,

00:14:20.000 --> 00:15:31.000
actually the,

00:15:31.000 --> 00:21:04.000
the the summit agreed to between 
I suppose westwards to the Rafah

00:22:34.000 --> 00:13:39.000
itself and I thought flows eastwards 
towards you know a month of

00:15:19.000 --> 00:14:52.000
sitting in around towards South America.

00:14:52.000 --> 00:15:15.000
So if I cheat hadn't developed there.

00:15:15.000 --> 00:19:59.000
This would just the ocean one could 
go to work well could go

00:22:29.000 --> 00:22:33.000
sailing and what developed 
in the last 2 years,

00:22:33.000 --> 00:14:18.000
partly as a result of major aerial 
survey that we've done with ice

00:15:08.000 --> 00:22:21.000
cap project is we have better defined it.

00:22:21.000 --> 00:12:46.000
The extensive areas of East Antarctica 
are also seeking on bedrock

00:14:26.000 --> 00:19:08.000
that deep below sea level.

00:19:08.000 --> 00:28:28.000
In this case,

00:28:28.000 --> 00:14:42.000
said that turned out because I feel 
even sicker than we thought in

00:15:12.000 --> 00:26:42.000
some places,

00:26:42.000 --> 00:19:56.000
it's 2 miles thick and in particular,

00:19:56.000 --> 00:25:38.000
we've been exploring the aurora Basin,

00:25:38.000 --> 00:20:13.000
which is a vast area in the catchment 
of Tottenham life here and

00:24:13.000 --> 00:25:57.000
we heard inside the bedrock channels 
that connect that deep cover

00:29:27.000 --> 00:17:42.000
to the coast of of the aurora based 
around the world so called

00:18:12.000 --> 00:24:12.000
Wilkes.

00:24:12.000 --> 00:14:45.000
Sub-glacial basin which is 
immediately to its east.

00:14:45.000 --> 00:22:58.000
If the law Michael submarine 
part of of eastern our state

00:29:28.000 --> 00:18:21.000
convinced that we removed 
all the are with that,

00:18:21.000 --> 00:23:24.000
I think it would simply become a 
collection of islands you could

00:24:04.000 --> 00:27:27.000
fail from the Pacific to the Atlantic 
without having to go past

00:28:27.000 --> 00:16:30.000
Cape Horn and he can talk,

00:16:30.000 --> 00:17:23.000
it wouldn't have seen major itself,

00:17:23.000 --> 00:29:04.000
it might even writers see.

00:16:46.000 --> 00:14:59.000
And so until they new research 
done by a team,

00:14:59.000 --> 00:24:22.000
we didn't really understand how warmer 
waters could undermine this

00:24:22.000 --> 00:14:34.000
tartan glacier.

00:14:34.000 --> 00:16:55.000
How does it work.

00:16:55.000 --> 00:27:27.000
And how did you do the science 
to find this out.

00:28:18.000 --> 00:23:39.000
Yeah,

00:23:39.000 --> 00:30:19.000
the,

00:30:19.000 --> 00:29:14.000
the way that works is that will 
be crucial question for getting

00:29:14.000 --> 00:25:18.000
melting of ourselves and it's 
changing the follow.

00:29:28.000 --> 00:16:43.000
Ground a life behind used to working 
out is the warm ocean water

00:17:53.000 --> 00:16:48.000
nearby and more importantly all 
the pathways by which it can

00:29:18.000 --> 00:16:12.000
circulated to weigh up all the 
continental shelf and kind of

00:16:12.000 --> 00:18:46.000
actually getting into these cavities 
underneath the ice shelves.

00:18:46.000 --> 00:15:58.000
They have much in the time left,

00:15:58.000 --> 00:29:31.000
you can see how deep the ocean is 
if you fire up and down with on

00:29:31.000 --> 00:18:23.000
you know shit,

00:18:23.000 --> 00:16:47.000
but it's very hard to work out 
what's the geometry of the sea

00:17:27.000 --> 00:19:29.000
floor underneath.

00:19:29.000 --> 00:21:51.000
Maybe one of needing 2 kilometers of

00:15:23.000 --> 00:26:49.000
I now Wesley serving aircraft reviews 
have a radar system that can

00:27:19.000 --> 00:27:32.000
see right through to the base for 
the iPhone and can even see lot

00:27:32.000 --> 00:25:56.000
of internal structure through 
the life as well.

00:25:56.000 --> 00:26:49.000
We also have some magnetometers to 
try and figure out what sort of

00:29:29.000 --> 00:18:04.000
character and actually underlying 
the ICC most importantly for

00:18:04.000 --> 00:25:54.000
this work,

00:25:54.000 --> 00:16:19.000
we had a very sense the gravity 
money before long we mention my

00:17:19.000 --> 00:27:33.000
new variations in the strength of 
local gravity I'm flying very

00:29:03.000 --> 00:29:46.000
near the surface and very slowly.

00:29:46.000 --> 00:25:49.000
Obviously it's very maybe 140 knots,

00:25:49.000 --> 00:24:53.000
these is ideal for that sort of survey.

00:24:53.000 --> 00:23:57.000
You know they mean you have to 
fit now and there's a lot of

00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:41.000
detailed work to figure out how 
those tiny variations in the

00:26:51.000 --> 00:29:25.000
strength of work or gravity can be 
translated into what death of

00:30:55.000 --> 00:20:41.000
ice and water a raucous directly 
below your 5 track so I right I

00:20:41.000 --> 00:26:02.000
can't penetrate seawater water.

00:26:02.000 --> 00:16:47.000
So we don't see the bottom of an 
icy so we only 3 the bedrock

00:18:57.000 --> 00:23:29.000
where the ice is on the ground.

00:23:29.000 --> 00:17:02.000
But this gravity days are allowed 
us to map is inaccessible

00:30:02.000 --> 00:28:26.000
Welshman cavities underneath ourselves 
and indeed to map the

00:28:56.000 --> 00:20:48.000
seafloor off the coast.

00:20:48.000 --> 00:17:13.000
There were often see Astra meant ships 
from getting in and so what

00:17:53.000 --> 00:32:06.000
we've been able to do is to map out 
the shape of bedrock beneath

00:16:47.000 --> 00:25:01.000
this floating terminus of both 
the problem crisis around a

00:26:31.000 --> 00:30:05.000
neighboring ourself called the Moscow 
University herself and the

00:30:05.000 --> 00:23:19.000
most serious finding is that there 
are some deepwater channel that

00:27:09.000 --> 00:17:44.000
me open ocean to the charity and 
this includes a previously

00:20:34.000 --> 00:27:36.000
completely unknown Persia logical pathway.

00:27:36.000 --> 00:21:28.000
If you like another channel,

00:21:28.000 --> 00:21:32.000
it increases the prospect that what 
war can circulate into this

00:21:32.000 --> 00:29:37.000
cavity and maybe if the temperature 
of the water changes then the

00:25:28.000 --> 00:25:22.000
melting which is already quite 
extensive and therefore the

00:25:22.000 --> 00:19:44.000
dynamics of the system will change.

00:32:34.000 --> 00:28:37.000
And if you know the story ideas 
or thoughts on something you've

00:29:27.000 --> 00:17:43.000
heard contacted us can radio an 
equal shot of Darfur and that's

00:19:23.000 --> 00:26:25.000
radio equal shot and orgy.

00:16:57.000 --> 00:19:29.000
West you were list.

00:20:49.000 --> 00:29:12.000
Going to Radio Eco shock I'm Alex 
Smith with Australian scientist

00:29:12.000 --> 00:29:24.000
Rulon C Warner Rowland,

00:29:24.000 --> 00:18:08.000
can we expect any measurable sea 
level rise from the Tartan

00:19:18.000 --> 00:27:20.000
glacier complex say in this century.

00:23:01.000 --> 00:29:06.000
Yes we can in we're already seeing 
some small contribution to sea

00:29:06.000 --> 00:29:30.000
level rise and I'm not sure of that 
anybody's total all I have.

00:29:30.000 --> 00:17:36.000
Because the of us you know crisis 
dream that forms the life here

00:24:36.000 --> 00:21:07.000
is actually.

00:21:57.000 --> 00:28:01.000
Getting thinner near the coast in 
fact surface there has been in

00:28:31.000 --> 00:25:13.000
recent years and have a few years,

00:25:13.000 --> 00:33:13.000
they said.

00:33:13.000 --> 00:17:48.000
It's been dropping by maybe Vermeer 
and a half per year.

00:17:48.000 --> 00:30:49.000
So this is in fact innocent parties,

00:30:49.000 --> 00:21:45.000
one of the hot spots where they 
definitely ice loss in terms of

00:21:45.000 --> 00:29:27.000
what will happen in the 
rest of the century.

00:29:27.000 --> 00:24:33.000
We now know that it's possible to 
get water in there and dynamics

00:26:13.000 --> 00:26:07.000
of the top of the person says that 
this already some considerable

00:26:07.000 --> 00:31:09.000
melting going on there.

00:31:09.000 --> 00:19:25.000
We don't really know in detail how 
future climate high increase

00:21:15.000 --> 00:22:41.000
that supply and what the consequent 
transmission of that affect

00:34:21.000 --> 00:28:53.000
but level rise would be,

00:28:53.000 --> 00:21:26.000
but it's certainly anything parking.

00:21:26.000 --> 00:32:10.000
It's the place to wants went the 
timescale is centuries all of

00:18:11.000 --> 00:26:43.000
with a little more we don't 
quite know them,

00:26:43.000 --> 00:25:06.000
but if you people are taking 
this very seriously.

00:25:06.000 --> 00:29:46.000
Harris,

00:29:46.000 --> 00:21:29.000
perhaps in the fantastic haunts.

00:29:20.000 --> 00:27:53.000
To spend a lot of talk between scientists 
about the importance of

00:27:53.000 --> 00:30:54.000
the grounding line,

00:30:54.000 --> 00:21:15.000
what is that.

00:25:16.000 --> 00:31:56.000
Yes.

00:31:56.000 --> 00:26:50.000
The Grammy moments probably really 
more bizarre and it is winnable

00:27:40.000 --> 00:24:55.000
and Gracie actually starts to to 
go afloat whenever we just a

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:06.000
scuffle what event.

00:24:06.000 --> 00:26:41.000
I think that I think to be really 
on the sea floor and as its

00:27:11.000 --> 00:24:35.000
forces towards the Mars and eventually 
there comes a point where

00:21:06.000 --> 00:33:38.000
it simply going to go off white 
given direction of life.

00:33:38.000 --> 00:21:49.000
Well,

00:21:49.000 --> 00:24:52.000
it probably would be better if 
it was called the underground

00:32:02.000 --> 00:28:43.000
entwined.

00:28:43.000 --> 00:23:25.000
One of the flotation line,

00:23:25.000 --> 00:32:18.000
it's important because it's the place 
where suddenly the base of

00:32:18.000 --> 00:32:43.000
the ice sheet is not protected 
by by being on the ground and

00:35:23.000 --> 00:29:38.000
suddenly the possibility of wish 
and driven melting the UMP

00:33:48.000 --> 00:24:52.000
commences and I should say that 
it's again something we've only

00:25:52.000 --> 00:35:46.000
learned in the last 2 decades 
that near these crowning line

00:20:47.000 --> 00:26:41.000
somewhere often the ice is very deep 
here in Miami Tottenham we're

00:27:31.000 --> 00:29:55.000
talking about a transition point 
that's probably a mile below sea

00:29:55.000 --> 00:28:06.000
level.

00:28:06.000 --> 00:23:21.000
The the the melting even is grounding 
aren't these 10s of meters

00:24:41.000 --> 00:32:44.000
year maybe 15 years here.

00:32:44.000 --> 00:31:17.000
And given that the water was doing 
that and they'll think it still

00:31:17.000 --> 00:27:12.000
by by any swimmers stand I'm 
very close to freezing.

00:27:12.000 --> 00:32:46.000
It's likely that this is an extremely 
thing to be part of of the

00:32:46.000 --> 00:20:58.000
climate system.

00:20:58.000 --> 00:25:01.000
So that's the first thing that's 
important about the grounding.

00:25:01.000 --> 00:27:44.000
On the second thing that's 
important is this,

00:27:44.000 --> 00:23:19.000
particularly in some configurations 
of the bedrock these grounding

00:23:19.000 --> 00:30:00.000
lines themselves my move.

00:30:00.000 --> 00:25:54.000
So it's not just a matter of bringing 
more iced up to her.

00:25:54.000 --> 00:32:47.000
You know my fixed gaze and then having 
to follow through their and

00:33:17.000 --> 00:33:31.000
and and they'll it's not possible 
that the grounding itself will

00:33:31.000 --> 00:27:05.000
migrate inland reducing the 5 on 
the ground and the high street

00:20:36.000 --> 00:28:30.000
and transmitting these changes in 
the forces of the even further

00:29:50.000 --> 00:20:21.000
upstream.

00:22:02.000 --> 00:29:13.000
We'll sea level rises.

00:29:13.000 --> 00:29:36.000
The real wildcard when we think 
about the impact of Antarctic

00:31:36.000 --> 00:31:49.000
melting I've just gone through a 
paper by lead author Fernando

00:35:39.000 --> 00:25:44.000
Apollo titled volume loss from 
Antarctic ice shelves is

00:25:44.000 --> 00:30:45.000
accelerating.

00:30:45.000 --> 00:27:19.000
Is it just the ice shelves or 
is ice loss from Antarctica

00:29:39.000 --> 00:23:02.000
increasing and at a faster rate.

00:23:02.000 --> 00:33:22.000
Do we know.

00:34:23.000 --> 00:25:44.000
Yeah,

00:25:44.000 --> 00:22:06.000
I do this comes back to that.

00:22:06.000 --> 00:36:56.000
The point we were.

00:22:57.000 --> 00:35:20.000
This guy thing you know you know that 
these guys have done a great

00:36:30.000 --> 00:22:14.000
job in trying to improve our understanding 
about what's happening

00:22:14.000 --> 00:31:28.000
to ice shelves previously we had 
quite good measurements swimmer

00:21:59.000 --> 00:36:22.000
quite precise either of you sort of 
that was flying in space for a

00:37:02.000 --> 00:36:16.000
few years showing that these ice 
shelves of getting home and I'm

00:28:57.000 --> 00:24:22.000
really hard problem because given 
look I shelf it's floating.

00:24:22.000 --> 00:21:16.000
If you see half a meter change 
in the surface height of the

00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:10.000
fighting are so often means that 
he lost 5 meters ice from the

00:22:10.000 --> 00:31:02.000
wire what they've done here,

00:31:02.000 --> 00:21:23.000
he said.

00:21:23.000 --> 00:37:47.000
While at 5-year record is is rather 
short and some of the longest

00:37:47.000 --> 00:23:00.000
recall that's available actually heavenly.

00:23:00.000 --> 00:31:34.000
And I think he is from some writer 
satellites that were measuring

00:33:24.000 --> 00:34:59.000
the height and ice shelves and so 
they've been able to conclude

00:36:49.000 --> 00:26:15.000
that ice shelves are certainly on 
the whole it so they're losing

00:26:06.000 --> 00:26:59.000
which is actually slightly fresh 
link the Antarctic coastal

00:29:09.000 --> 00:22:32.000
erosion but because beginning Feb.

00:22:32.000 --> 00:35:46.000
They are also likely reducing this 
restraining force they have on

00:35:46.000 --> 00:33:49.000
the high street and in fact they 
are when they see the biggest

00:35:39.000 --> 00:30:41.000
changes in West Antarctica,

00:30:41.000 --> 00:24:25.000
in those places where there out 
like have been observed to be

00:26:05.000 --> 00:28:06.000
speeding up,

00:28:06.000 --> 00:28:02.000
so it's only important and it's 
important in terms of what we,

00:28:02.000 --> 00:25:57.000
what we think is one of the controllers 
of Chinese in the ICC and

00:33:37.000 --> 00:22:30.000
they level contributions from the itself.

00:24:21.000 --> 00:34:12.000
In a comment on that article,

00:34:12.000 --> 00:26:05.000
one of the scientists Lori 
pad been expressed.

00:26:05.000 --> 00:22:28.000
There's a lot of uncertainty about 
what will happen on Antarctica

00:26:18.000 --> 00:32:09.000
as the world climate changes.

00:32:09.000 --> 00:38:49.000
In fact,

00:38:49.000 --> 00:28:30.000
he said.

00:28:30.000 --> 00:38:03.000
Quote it is plausible that even if 
the Earth's average temperature

00:38:03.000 --> 00:33:47.000
increases effect on ocean currents 
around Antarctica might

00:33:47.000 --> 00:34:01.000
actually work against Antarctic ice 
sheet melting and he goes on

00:34:01.000 --> 00:35:25.000
to say that that past a records 
may not tell us a lot because

00:24:06.000 --> 00:28:19.000
we're changing the climate so fast 
compared to what happened in

00:28:19.000 --> 00:34:11.000
past times what do you 
think about all that.

00:38:22.000 --> 00:25:43.000
Well,

00:25:43.000 --> 00:28:54.000
it's true that one,

00:28:54.000 --> 00:28:28.000
one has to be careful about he was 
financial planners tell you

00:29:58.000 --> 00:28:12.000
part the performance is guaranteed 
a future performance,

00:28:12.000 --> 00:28:45.000
but with changing the composition 
of the atmosphere,

00:28:45.000 --> 00:35:50.000
and so he's corrective driver for 
changing climate is no longer be

00:39:00.000 --> 00:25:15.000
the Milinkevich the so called ice 
age cycle I do those changes

00:26:05.000 --> 00:25:49.000
were pretty dramatic in terms of 
sea level rise 20,000 years ago

00:26:49.000 --> 00:38:12.000
when was great Hemisphere ice sheets 
and decayed but certainly

00:23:33.000 --> 00:27:17.000
we're forcing system a lot faster 
around them any natural forcing

00:27:17.000 --> 00:25:32.000
that's these apply I'd be a little 
surprised if it was actually

00:25:32.000 --> 00:28:06.000
going to have to work against I see 
my thing on the whole the deep

00:28:06.000 --> 00:34:36.000
ocean,

00:34:36.000 --> 00:30:40.000
he's already warming and you've 
only got to warm water a little

00:31:30.000 --> 00:33:34.000
bit for it to carry a lot of heat 
campaign turns away he can be

00:33:34.000 --> 00:30:58.000
carried by changes in air temperature.

00:30:58.000 --> 00:39:13.000
So I think that the changing dynamic 
response is going to be quite

00:39:13.000 --> 00:30:37.000
high and that's so hard to see who 
we can avoid conveying that

00:32:27.000 --> 00:34:31.000
don't want to really high shelves 
and then by weakening ourselves

00:26:22.000 --> 00:38:34.000
increase some nice discharge 
from Antarctica.

00:38:34.000 --> 00:25:17.000
It's only warmer air temperatures 
will generate some higher

00:28:27.000 --> 00:31:11.000
snowfall that it's not really clear 
that that can dominate the

00:32:31.000 --> 00:33:04.000
sort of exhilaration the life 
and we've already seen.

00:29:05.000 --> 00:28:38.000
And Lori tab and also talked about 
the irony that sea levels

00:28:38.000 --> 00:27:12.000
around Antarctica and Greenland 
may actually go down as the

00:27:12.000 --> 00:24:33.000
glaciers melt.

00:24:33.000 --> 00:26:14.000
How is that possible.

00:29:05.000 --> 00:33:25.000
You know,

00:33:25.000 --> 00:39:55.000
this is,

00:39:55.000 --> 00:30:29.000
this is quite amazing it another one 
of these obvious in hindsight

00:33:39.000 --> 00:25:14.000
inside it's looking pretty recently 
insightful from both us anyway

00:25:14.000 --> 00:40:07.000
. Any sort of water surface Rep 
Of in fact commonsense idea of

00:24:58.000 --> 00:33:21.000
level since obviously 
water flows downhill.

00:33:21.000 --> 00:30:25.000
In fact the FTSE service mission 
with precision from space shows

00:34:35.000 --> 00:36:57.000
that that idea down here only.

00:37:37.000 --> 00:35:11.000
Modulated by all sorts of things 
like currents and winds of other

00:37:01.000 --> 00:37:22.000
factors.

00:37:22.000 --> 00:32:56.000
And in particular the vast method 
ice on these grounds.

00:32:56.000 --> 00:40:09.000
That's a sufficient gravitational 
attraction to pull the ocean

00:31:40.000 --> 00:39:01.000
around them towards them.

00:39:01.000 --> 00:28:45.000
And this generates an an up slope in.

00:28:45.000 --> 00:30:49.000
He is the sea surface around the 
ice sheets and so it work,

00:30:49.000 --> 00:41:23.000
what if you're losing what sort of 
advice billions of tons a life

00:29:04.000 --> 00:29:38.000
in that reduces its attraction and 
a bit of a surprise intuition

00:33:58.000 --> 00:34:59.000
and nearby streets.

00:34:59.000 --> 00:40:02.000
This comes out why the overall effect 
that you put that all into

00:41:02.000 --> 00:25:55.000
the global 3 level,

00:25:55.000 --> 00:39:08.000
but in fact merely hosting the 
3 level with pregnant fall

00:41:08.000 --> 00:27:11.000
considerably more and in fact,

00:27:11.000 --> 00:32:34.000
they've only been a few idealized 
computer simulations trying to

00:32:34.000 --> 00:27:25.000
put this in.

00:27:25.000 --> 00:32:49.000
I think you into countenance does 
provide a little bit of a

00:40:59.000 --> 00:35:44.000
stabilizer to to grabbing line retreat 
if 3 we will media actually

00:36:44.000 --> 00:41:36.000
doing a relic later is falling.

00:41:36.000 --> 00:36:30.000
I should just say there's the bad 
news consequence of local effect

00:36:30.000 --> 00:39:03.000
which it means that those who level 
rises more than you might have

00:39:03.000 --> 00:37:07.000
expected far away from you know I 
think there are some estimates

00:30:58.000 --> 00:41:59.000
that in North America,

00:41:59.000 --> 00:36:44.000
you might get 25% more than global 
average the level but when

00:32:25.000 --> 00:42:35.000
Northwest.

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:36.000
But what will have to go somewhere.

00:41:07.000 --> 00:37:38.000
Right now,

00:37:38.000 --> 00:38:31.000
some scientists including the Intergovernmental 
Panel on climate

00:40:01.000 --> 00:33:26.000
change suggest total sea level rise 
by 2100 may only be one meter

00:39:56.000 --> 00:30:19.000
others think that's a very 
conservative estimate,

00:30:19.000 --> 00:42:32.000
we might get that much from Antarctic 
melting alone plus what

00:26:43.000 --> 00:41:44.000
comes from the Arctic Roland Warren.

00:41:44.000 --> 00:38:25.000
What do you think.

00:32:56.000 --> 00:38:56.000
Yeah,

00:38:56.000 --> 00:26:53.000
it is you know finally unforgiving 
question the contribution,

00:26:53.000 --> 00:33:55.000
particularly from Antarctic ever trauma.

00:33:55.000 --> 00:41:05.000
I see.

00:42:25.000 --> 00:39:21.000
In general terms and global sea level 
rise the IPCC is as you say

00:39:21.000 --> 00:41:34.000
, coming up with numbers of the regardless 
comforted by also have

00:41:54.000 --> 00:32:35.000
to come up.

00:32:35.000 --> 00:34:08.000
Of course with what they think might 
happen under a whole range of

00:27:29.000 --> 00:34:13.000
of efforts and because of 
the immense scrutiny.

00:34:13.000 --> 00:38:59.000
The IPCC hands they do put a lot 
of effort into qualifying.

00:38:59.000 --> 00:39:24.000
What they mean by being uncertain 
about something and you know you

00:39:24.000 --> 00:27:28.000
can go and look at their tables and 
if they say very likely there

00:27:58.000 --> 00:32:42.000
meant he was such a such a probability 
percentage but when it came

00:34:52.000 --> 00:40:27.000
to Antarctica they they finally 
had to give up on that,

00:40:27.000 --> 00:33:12.000
and while I think that everybody 
collapse of these so called

00:33:12.000 --> 00:33:17.000
marine sectors of Antarctic ice sheet 
if initiated could make fee

00:35:17.000 --> 00:27:52.000
level rise substantially above the 
unlikely range the best they

00:27:52.000 --> 00:35:35.000
could do was say this additional 
contribution would not exceed

00:39:45.000 --> 00:30:32.000
several tents ultimately tire during 
the 21st century now for be

00:31:52.000 --> 00:27:47.000
over weapons from listen carefully 
calibrated on for me in terms

00:28:27.000 --> 00:31:37.000
of,

00:31:37.000 --> 00:34:11.000
you know several tenths of a meter 
cover the everywhere from you

00:34:11.000 --> 00:35:24.000
know 20cm to the best part of a meter.

00:35:24.000 --> 00:37:40.000
So this really is the most uncertain 
contribution towards her long

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:13.000
term 3 level prediction things like 
a federal expansion of the

00:37:43.000 --> 00:39:26.000
ocean pretty well on the 
controlling terms,

00:39:26.000 --> 00:42:36.000
you know,

00:42:36.000 --> 00:35:50.000
I think that for various different 
climate warming scenario now

00:38:10.000 --> 00:29:54.000
graces of often fairly hard to do 
at least and I thought we were

00:31:14.000 --> 00:31:58.000
of the worst that can happen is they 
might eventually old me on,

00:31:58.000 --> 00:36:28.000
you know,

00:36:28.000 --> 00:44:42.000
one of that sort of analysis 
to Antarctica on Greenland.

00:44:42.000 --> 00:35:35.000
So we got a useful worst case scenario,

00:35:35.000 --> 00:29:30.000
because it tells you something like 
60 millions feeling harassed,

00:29:30.000 --> 00:44:22.000
which is certainly not going 
to happen any time soon,

00:44:22.000 --> 00:31:46.000
but it's also not a useful 
you know in member.

00:36:27.000 --> 00:28:58.000
Because,

00:28:58.000 --> 00:34:18.000
really,

00:34:18.000 --> 00:36:42.000
it's so shocking if would rearrange 
civilization altogether if we

00:36:42.000 --> 00:33:04.000
eventually get that much but as you say,

00:33:04.000 --> 00:31:36.000
we're talking at least in centuries.

00:35:49.000 --> 00:36:14.000
You're listening to shock radio 
before the world and.

00:41:24.000 --> 00:37:48.000
I'm Alex Smith get all their 
website shock.org.

00:40:01.000 --> 00:32:52.000
Don't forget,

00:32:52.000 --> 00:45:05.000
or a hot interview with proper garden 
wizard Marjorie Wilde is

00:45:05.000 --> 00:40:16.000
still to come.

00:37:58.000 --> 00:38:21.000
This is Radio Eco shock were talking 
with Australian Antarctic

00:39:41.000 --> 00:32:05.000
expert Dr. Roland Warner another 
complication difficult for

00:32:55.000 --> 00:30:28.000
non-scientist Dr. awarded to understand 
is the prediction that

00:31:08.000 --> 00:35:12.000
snowfall on Antarctica may actually 
increase with climate change.

00:35:12.000 --> 00:36:55.000
And even that may help speed 
glacier movement to the sea.

00:36:55.000 --> 00:31:57.000
Can you talk to us about that please.

00:29:48.000 --> 00:35:58.000
Yes,

00:35:58.000 --> 00:36:21.000
I think we certainly expect that 
the most think is not yet

00:38:01.000 --> 00:34:55.000
receiving the sort of squandering 
warming that's been so dramatic

00:36:15.000 --> 00:33:37.000
in the Antarctic Peninsula.

00:33:37.000 --> 00:45:30.000
And that may be partly due to 
slowly fighting other thing.

00:33:51.000 --> 00:33:54.000
From the of these on hold in Antarctica,

00:33:54.000 --> 00:45:58.000
which has tended to have an influence 
on on Antarctic climate but

00:29:49.000 --> 00:45:40.000
if the it image arises.

00:45:40.000 --> 00:35:23.000
It's still going to be very cold,

00:35:23.000 --> 00:39:57.000
but clearly warmer air can hold more 
moisture and everybody does

00:39:57.000 --> 00:39:00.000
expect that that's not 
fault when Antarctica.

00:39:00.000 --> 00:41:15.000
We will increase and part seems 
studies that suggest that that

00:38:46.000 --> 00:35:21.000
itself accelerates the 4 out of the ocean.

00:35:21.000 --> 00:44:45.000
I think that 30 increased 
melting of ourselves.

00:44:45.000 --> 00:33:47.000
It is likely to be enough.

00:33:47.000 --> 00:35:52.000
I'm eager think in that some 
of the studies the need.

00:35:52.000 --> 00:41:22.000
You know it.

00:41:22.000 --> 00:37:26.000
20 years ago so that you know if 
you think it's going to take out

00:39:16.000 --> 00:30:51.000
a thousand years to establish some 
new equilibrium then with do

00:30:51.000 --> 00:38:25.000
you get 2 meters or 3 meters of 
sea level rise from Antarctica

00:33:56.000 --> 00:41:49.000
would depend on whether you had 
factored in this compensating

00:45:19.000 --> 00:33:33.000
effect on of high rates of 
snowfall in Antarctica,

00:33:33.000 --> 00:38:45.000
because obviously so far the Antarctic,

00:38:45.000 --> 00:43:19.000
there is really nothing putting feel 
right away in the bank and it

00:45:29.000 --> 00:44:03.000
can take understood however that 
you start to flow back so it's

00:45:23.000 --> 00:35:46.000
certainly an important 
compensating effect,

00:35:46.000 --> 00:33:50.000
but I think the Democratic response 
really driven by the ocean is

00:34:20.000 --> 00:40:54.000
going to be that the biggest influence 
on Antarctic trying.

00:31:45.000 --> 00:36:25.000
Right.

00:36:25.000 --> 00:33:57.000
It's hard for people to 
understand that it's,

00:33:57.000 --> 00:31:20.000
it's not that the warming air temperatures 
going to melt he sings

00:31:20.000 --> 00:46:20.000
from above,

00:46:20.000 --> 00:41:14.000
it's at the hotter ocean reaching 
in is going to weaken them from

00:43:24.000 --> 00:31:25.000
below,

00:31:25.000 --> 00:39:35.000
isn't it.

00:39:35.000 --> 00:47:45.000
The story.

00:44:26.000 --> 00:36:28.000
That's certainly what we're seeing,

00:36:28.000 --> 00:39:31.000
particularly because some of the 
areas further but changing the

00:39:31.000 --> 00:44:15.000
most practically at the moment in 
the area of of Antarctica and so

00:44:15.000 --> 00:37:17.000
on in the Pacific Ocean,

00:37:17.000 --> 00:33:08.000
in the,

00:33:08.000 --> 00:40:42.000
on the I'm this is almost about as 
far south as you can actually

00:41:42.000 --> 00:48:02.000
find was.

00:37:13.000 --> 00:38:16.000
Before you actually bumping into 
Antarctica and you know it's

00:40:06.000 --> 00:44:57.000
there with it.

00:44:57.000 --> 00:40:51.000
Temperatures are still well although 
for you think that that we're

00:42:21.000 --> 00:36:14.000
seeing these these biggest changes 
and it is one of the places

00:36:14.000 --> 00:34:29.000
where we know that when the warm ocean 
currents circulate normally

00:35:29.000 --> 00:34:32.000
at some distance around 
Antarctica do manage,

00:34:32.000 --> 00:48:05.000
but by virtue of currents and the 
topography of them Continental

00:33:06.000 --> 00:37:46.000
Shelf,

00:37:46.000 --> 00:42:10.000
the new mines to come into all the 
here and certainly here so that

00:42:50.000 --> 00:45:40.000
the,

00:45:40.000 --> 00:33:43.000
the power of our ocean water.

00:33:43.000 --> 00:38:33.000
Well,

00:38:33.000 --> 00:42:23.000
sort of,

00:42:23.000 --> 00:45:13.000
that's,

00:45:13.000 --> 00:46:14.000
you know the risk for me,

00:46:14.000 --> 00:33:59.000
the effect all of warmer air temperature 
at least in the more

00:33:59.000 --> 00:41:54.000
northerly parts of Antarctica where 
temperature and from a mill

00:43:04.000 --> 00:32:59.000
things on the surface of these ice 
shelves is actually certainly

00:36:19.000 --> 00:34:44.000
playing a big role in the rather 
dramatic disintegration over the

00:34:44.000 --> 00:44:07.000
matter of a few weeks of a few 
ourselves in the Antarctic

00:45:37.000 --> 00:39:48.000
Peninsula.

00:39:48.000 --> 00:38:29.000
Back on them.

00:38:29.000 --> 00:43:40.000
I mean last century.

00:46:51.000 --> 00:34:02.000
Well,

00:34:02.000 --> 00:42:45.000
all along we've talked about West 
Antarctica and East Antarctica

00:42:45.000 --> 00:41:58.000
as though they were almost separate 
parts of the puzzle.

00:41:58.000 --> 00:41:41.000
Are there any generalizations 
you can give us about what is

00:41:41.000 --> 00:43:04.000
happening in these 2 halves 
compared to each other.

00:37:35.000 --> 00:33:06.000
Yeah,

00:33:06.000 --> 00:41:09.000
it's interesting that in some ways 
and they they do fit being

00:43:39.000 --> 00:39:23.000
described as if they were 
2 different worlds,

00:39:23.000 --> 00:41:07.000
the observational evidence we have 
fallen further Oval Office the

00:45:37.000 --> 00:41:11.000
Heisman tactics because we can 
actually directly made the

00:43:41.000 --> 00:35:57.000
disappearance of ice from space either 
by seeing the change in the

00:41:27.000 --> 00:35:59.000
fall of the ice surface,

00:35:59.000 --> 00:33:33.000
telling us that the eye soothing 
cinnamon falling off or by

00:33:33.000 --> 00:39:35.000
actually worryingly the from space.

00:39:35.000 --> 00:49:49.000
We can tell that within topic is 
where currently mostly action is

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:02.000
overall it is Antarctica,

00:39:02.000 --> 00:39:35.000
very little change may be some 
slight overall increase,

00:39:35.000 --> 00:38:59.000
although this area around the Tottenham 
place is one of the hot

00:38:59.000 --> 00:42:59.000
spot.

00:47:49.000 --> 00:40:53.000
Fantastic areas that's the place 
with his most consistent I floss

00:40:53.000 --> 00:34:54.000
going on there,

00:34:54.000 --> 00:35:48.000
which is what the reasons we have 
interested but so in terms of

00:37:08.000 --> 00:46:39.000
the current response.

00:46:39.000 --> 00:35:32.000
This seems to be 2 separate worlds.

00:35:32.000 --> 00:46:52.000
However,

00:46:52.000 --> 00:39:23.000
what we,

00:39:23.000 --> 00:50:16.000
realizing as we discussed earlier 
is these parts of East

00:34:27.000 --> 00:38:51.000
Antarctica in terms of this very deep 
bedrock well below sea level

00:37:42.000 --> 00:43:16.000
channels can anything that out towards 
the new some of that is a

00:44:36.000 --> 00:40:11.000
lot more like West Antarctica in 
terms of its setting people

00:43:21.000 --> 00:35:16.000
previously thought they could well 
be that it's simply a matter of

00:41:46.000 --> 00:48:30.000
the response of the forcing and perhaps 
in East Antarctica in the

00:48:30.000 --> 00:38:51.000
future,

00:38:51.000 --> 00:44:25.000
we might see phenomenal wing of recognize 
from what we presently 3

00:47:35.000 --> 00:44:06.000
West Antarctica.

00:42:27.000 --> 00:41:01.000
Dr. Warner are we able to say whether 
in total Antarctica is

00:41:01.000 --> 00:36:35.000
losing mass staying the same 
or gaining ice mass.

00:45:45.000 --> 00:35:16.000
Yeah,

00:35:16.000 --> 00:34:30.000
it's very clearly losing harness 
and there's pretty good evidence

00:38:10.000 --> 00:50:23.000
for that rate of losses XL or anything 
that comes from the direct

00:34:54.000 --> 00:44:58.000
observation for growing putting 
the icing on on the sky often

00:48:48.000 --> 00:37:33.000
turning you know you're so that 
will often with Antarctic it

00:40:13.000 --> 00:37:07.000
without weighing flight increases 
a whole stability in East

00:37:07.000 --> 00:44:38.000
Antarctica.

00:44:38.000 --> 00:51:21.000
The experts think that in maybe another 
year of observations will

00:36:52.000 --> 00:45:36.000
be in a better position to sort out 
influence in that process of

00:37:17.000 --> 00:38:18.000
seasonal variations,

00:38:18.000 --> 00:45:38.000
if you like,

00:45:38.000 --> 00:43:20.000
particularly in snowfall,

00:43:20.000 --> 00:44:21.000
it's quite impressive.

00:44:21.000 --> 00:37:03.000
The talking from space.

00:37:03.000 --> 00:43:16.000
You can actually seeing this actually 
isn't very much is at the

00:44:06.000 --> 00:35:19.000
scene Greenland in Antarctica,

00:35:19.000 --> 00:43:32.000
but you can actually seeing Greenland 
the seasonal arrival of the

00:44:22.000 --> 00:47:35.000
big dumps of snow that come in the 
winter and the great a loss of

00:45:56.000 --> 00:43:47.000
over the summer,

00:43:47.000 --> 00:46:30.000
I mean it's actually that their 
annual cycle quite visible,

00:46:30.000 --> 00:44:53.000
you know if I think there is things 
are not quite clear because

00:51:53.000 --> 00:49:17.000
things are happening on Holmgren 
Earth's lower scale,

00:49:17.000 --> 00:42:11.000
but people I convinced that you know 
cutting observations longer

00:49:51.000 --> 00:49:56.000
will allow us through to sort out 
trends without the confusion of

00:39:57.000 --> 00:38:28.000
these variations.

00:50:08.000 --> 00:36:29.000
Well,

00:36:29.000 --> 00:43:22.000
the key question was sea level rises 
always when and we discussed

00:43:22.000 --> 00:40:33.000
this a little bit,

00:40:33.000 --> 00:37:37.000
but do we have enough science 
yet to really know how much

00:38:07.000 --> 00:48:50.000
Antarctica will add to the world's 
oceans during this century.

00:37:12.000 --> 00:40:12.000
No,

00:40:12.000 --> 00:47:32.000
we don't,

00:47:32.000 --> 00:46:17.000
it's actually 2 biggest unknown 
in trying to predict what sea

00:47:47.000 --> 00:43:02.000
level to expect and in fact the IPCC 
felt they couldn't even give

00:43:02.000 --> 00:41:06.000
you an opinion about how much of the 
response might vary according

00:41:06.000 --> 00:45:10.000
to what for the phone global warming 
practical trajectory we we

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:31.000
found ourselves on.

00:45:31.000 --> 00:50:52.000
So it's,

00:50:52.000 --> 00:45:05.000
it's quite serious on their own and 
the other thing about and how

00:45:05.000 --> 00:48:00.000
to his that is a lot of life there 
we finally passed on the fact

00:49:10.000 --> 00:51:05.000
that I see is sitting on this this 
well below sea level rock.

00:51:05.000 --> 00:39:10.000
One of the other complications several 
areas west Antarctica is

00:40:40.000 --> 00:49:01.000
for the paradigm for this.

00:49:01.000 --> 00:37:45.000
I guess the better just get a deeper 
and deeper and deeper as you

00:37:45.000 --> 00:38:09.000
go towards the interior of the 
ice sheet and so there is a

00:38:09.000 --> 00:38:40.000
possibility.

00:38:40.000 --> 00:42:34.000
And in fact this part of the marine 
instability there is a

00:42:34.000 --> 00:37:58.000
prospect of if the grounding line 
is starting to move inland it'll

00:40:18.000 --> 00:42:22.000
just keep on going and it will 
continue to retrieve and you

00:42:22.000 --> 00:44:16.000
continue to lose a life until you 
finally managed to heavy rice

00:45:16.000 --> 00:45:40.000
sheep catch itself on some bedrock 
features and so on the state of

00:45:40.000 --> 00:47:52.000
Alaska have retreat process.

00:47:52.000 --> 00:42:55.000
So what sort of year they were centuries.

00:42:55.000 --> 00:48:40.000
This is rather uncertain and the 
prospect is good you can keep on

00:50:40.000 --> 00:47:44.000
giving and they could keep on giving 
even if we stabilize the

00:47:44.000 --> 00:48:36.000
world in some warmer started.

00:46:07.000 --> 00:47:21.000
Yes I think NASA so came out 
and said that the process is

00:47:21.000 --> 00:43:52.000
unstoppable.

00:38:53.000 --> 00:50:54.000
Yes the,

00:50:54.000 --> 00:42:35.000
the,

00:42:35.000 --> 00:45:48.000
and I think what's happening in this 
I'm I'm simply region with a

00:45:48.000 --> 00:39:13.000
couple of them being places they like 
white guys here is they feel

00:41:13.000 --> 00:41:17.000
they've done enough on bedrock profiling 
there again using his

00:41:17.000 --> 00:40:31.000
high penetrating radar system to 
say they can't see any obvious.

00:44:01.000 --> 00:48:14.000
Neil anchor points that would 
stop further retreat,

00:48:14.000 --> 00:50:29.000
but has currently started so when 
the IPCC said market get more

00:51:59.000 --> 00:38:54.000
civil rights and we can't really 
quantify it if we start to

00:38:54.000 --> 00:53:28.000
initiate the citizenry nicely collapse it.

00:53:28.000 --> 00:52:41.000
It's possible always seeing the 
first stages and already.

00:54:32.000 --> 00:43:46.000
Please tell us about a couple of 
projects the Antarctic climate

00:43:46.000 --> 00:50:19.000
and ecosystems Cooperative Research 
Centre has on the go.

00:41:10.000 --> 00:42:22.000
Right will be that we just had,

00:42:22.000 --> 00:43:27.000
I think the renewed last year so 
we there so that they'll stall

00:43:57.000 --> 00:45:22.000
with what we think of the most pressing 
issues even part of the

00:45:22.000 --> 00:45:37.000
ecosystem area and so we have a major 
overarching projects on this

00:48:37.000 --> 00:41:01.000
ocean driven election of the Antarctic 
ice and Billy always

00:42:11.000 --> 00:47:41.000
matters.

00:47:41.000 --> 00:54:13.000
We've been talking about tonight.

00:54:13.000 --> 00:49:38.000
You know activities range from voyages 
with we had a voyage where

00:50:28.000 --> 00:42:49.000
they are right,

00:42:49.000 --> 00:45:52.000
that is ice breaker to the front of 
the Tottenham away if you know

00:45:52.000 --> 00:47:57.000
, and just this time January where 
they did actually verify the

00:47:57.000 --> 00:47:31.000
first time anybody's got this for 
the coming crop of Tottenham.

00:47:31.000 --> 00:52:21.000
If I.

00:50:23.000 --> 00:42:18.000
Pack I just 5 permanent captain was 
brave enough to try only and

00:42:58.000 --> 00:53:51.000
get some maintenance and so we 
do know that the warm water is

00:53:51.000 --> 00:49:25.000
actually arriving there at the front 
of the charity and with this

00:49:25.000 --> 00:48:58.000
work at just being published.

00:48:58.000 --> 00:53:18.000
Well,

00:53:18.000 --> 00:54:10.000
I should say time Damon 
Green down from them.

00:54:10.000 --> 00:41:05.000
University of Texas in Austin 
we now think that we can the

00:46:15.000 --> 00:39:49.000
channels by which water is gonna 
make its way onto the ice.

00:39:49.000 --> 00:43:29.000
So,

00:43:29.000 --> 00:55:02.000
the problem remains a major 
interest for us,

00:55:02.000 --> 00:41:38.000
we've already been doing most circulation 
more studies to try and

00:41:38.000 --> 00:52:11.000
explore how the ocean circulation 
moves underneath my shelves and

00:52:11.000 --> 00:40:16.000
also how the resulting water 
affects the external,

00:40:16.000 --> 00:45:30.000
and now that we've gone an improved 
picture of what the state

00:47:40.000 --> 00:50:31.000
underneath the problem looks like,

00:50:31.000 --> 00:56:15.000
but will be going back dramas again 
and the big step forward is to

00:56:15.000 --> 00:48:09.000
start coupling the dynamics of the 
ice shelves the flow of the

00:48:09.000 --> 00:43:03.000
ground and I behind with the ocean 
because on as if your melting

00:53:53.000 --> 00:49:18.000
the bottom of changing geometry of 
that that changes were talking

00:50:08.000 --> 00:52:18.000
with.

00:53:48.000 --> 00:43:01.000
You know he arrives and 
what was living in,

00:43:01.000 --> 00:41:44.000
we need to topple assistance together 
eventually that will become

00:42:34.000 --> 00:42:38.000
part of in times of system model,

00:42:38.000 --> 00:41:42.000
we'll be doing more so they work 
with area geophysical surveys

00:48:52.000 --> 00:48:37.000
exploring them prices a bedrock 
and Antarctica we're used to be

00:48:37.000 --> 00:53:28.000
that talking on the phone.

00:53:28.000 --> 00:53:30.000
Part of the whole planet 
without them person,

00:53:30.000 --> 00:43:32.000
which is a the lapels,

00:43:32.000 --> 00:50:04.000
and we know what's some of 
these part of Antarctica.

00:50:04.000 --> 00:43:19.000
So that work will be continuing and 
we've also got film programs

00:44:59.000 --> 00:45:23.000
homely namely myself this is extent 
I think biggest ice shelf in

00:48:03.000 --> 00:42:57.000
Antarctica is 3rd largest myself and 
we've had field program there

00:43:47.000 --> 00:51:10.000
with oceanographic instruments 
that were deployed by drilling

00:51:10.000 --> 00:45:24.000
through nearly a thousand meters 
of of ice shelf and appalling

00:45:24.000 --> 00:54:57.000
instruments in the ocean underneath 
enormous find out what's

00:54:57.000 --> 00:55:00.000
actually going on in these rather 
the inaccessible parts of the

00:56:40.000 --> 00:44:01.000
planet.

00:54:51.000 --> 00:53:13.000
You know what hearing you talk,

00:53:13.000 --> 00:44:07.000
it almost sounds like we're trying 
to discover some things about

00:45:47.000 --> 00:53:47.000
Mars.

00:53:47.000 --> 00:55:50.000
You know it's a mile deep beneath the ice,

00:55:50.000 --> 00:54:02.000
it's very difficult to peer around,

00:54:02.000 --> 00:57:12.000
we,

00:57:12.000 --> 00:54:54.000
we don't know a lot of things it.

00:54:54.000 --> 00:50:17.000
It's amazing that we're finding 
out as much as we do.

00:47:28.000 --> 00:54:08.000
Yeah,

00:54:08.000 --> 00:52:09.000
it's.

00:52:09.000 --> 00:57:29.000
But we,

00:57:29.000 --> 00:46:13.000
we thought that if I cap survey come 
Casey staging of us and say

00:46:13.000 --> 00:57:15.000
we don't have a thousand 
kilometers long and,

00:57:15.000 --> 00:52:38.000
back home on each flight there,

00:52:38.000 --> 00:54:19.000
there was an area where they were,

00:54:19.000 --> 00:52:25.000
maybe 2 ground based survey the of 
whole previous 50 years I had

00:53:25.000 --> 00:55:09.000
talking exploration and we would 
gather that stay there in an

00:55:09.000 --> 00:44:14.000
8-hour flight and Soviet with further 
citing it in there were

00:45:54.000 --> 00:49:45.000
still a few places,

00:49:45.000 --> 00:54:07.000
which we hope to get to where it.

00:43:28.000 --> 00:52:21.000
If you were a 15th century make 
you probably writing here be

00:54:11.000 --> 00:52:03.000
dragons vigorous,

00:52:03.000 --> 00:46:58.000
we still don't have had detailed 
bedrock there but sadly the map

00:47:38.000 --> 00:50:49.000
is is being filming.

00:44:30.000 --> 00:55:21.000
From Hobart Tasmania.

00:55:21.000 --> 00:45:25.000
We've been talking with Dr. Roland 
C Warner he's a researcher with

00:47:25.000 --> 00:46:29.000
Australia's Antarctic climate and 
ecosystems Cooperative Research

00:46:29.000 --> 00:54:50.000
Centre Dr. Roland.

00:54:50.000 --> 00:53:52.000
Thank you so much for sharing 
your time with us.

00:53:52.000 --> 00:55:43.000
I really appreciate it.

00:47:44.000 --> 00:42:55.000
There's been a blatant.

00:49:55.000 --> 00:55:37.000
I'm Alex Smith reporting for Radio Eco.

00:44:46.000 --> 00:50:59.000
We are back after the online grow 
your own food summit with the

00:50:59.000 --> 00:48:33.000
organizer Marjorie while Kraft Marjorie 
remind us just once again

00:49:33.000 --> 00:49:56.000
where you grow your food in the 
way you operate your homestead

00:49:56.000 --> 00:49:17.000
experiments.

00:54:47.000 --> 00:48:58.000
No,

00:48:58.000 --> 00:43:53.000
I actually I wasn't Central 
Texas and my homestead,

00:43:53.000 --> 00:54:53.000
is a resort.

00:56:43.000 --> 00:49:08.000
Center dedicated to finding systems 
and developing systems for you

00:49:08.000 --> 00:49:21.000
to be able to grow having your own 
food in a backyard cyberspace

00:58:01.000 --> 00:53:44.000
and less than an hour a 
day pretty tall order.

00:53:44.000 --> 00:51:35.000
But we're working on it.

00:47:46.000 --> 00:55:26.000
Last week,

00:55:26.000 --> 00:56:29.000
you talked about getting her husband 
and son on board with aqua

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.000
panics is it necessary to have everybody 
in your family on board

00:45:04.000 --> 00:56:16.000
with this prep gardening style 
right from the get-go.

00:51:07.000 --> 00:43:18.000
No,

00:43:18.000 --> 00:49:48.000
in fact,

00:49:48.000 --> 00:54:09.000
I'd say that the vast.

00:55:59.000 --> 00:50:03.000
Majority of of people who will 
consider themselves peppers.

00:50:03.000 --> 00:48:37.000
They have a reluctant spouse or 
reluctant children and so they

00:49:37.000 --> 00:48:01.000
just you know go and do what they 
do anyway with growing your own

00:48:01.000 --> 00:58:51.000
food.

00:58:51.000 --> 00:44:16.000
What I would recommend is just get 
started and the family actually

00:44:46.000 --> 00:54:07.000
starts to get involved in it,

00:54:07.000 --> 00:50:00.000
one of the best ways to get them 
on board is when you're

00:50:20.000 --> 00:59:30.000
harvesting.

00:59:30.000 --> 00:58:04.000
That's one of the most delightful 
times especially with kids I got

00:59:24.000 --> 00:52:47.000
I can give you some of the best 
vegetables to grow for kids.

00:52:47.000 --> 00:45:20.000
It'll make can all must be out there 
in your yard treating it like

00:45:20.000 --> 00:46:01.000
a snack bar,

00:46:01.000 --> 00:49:11.000
you know,

00:49:11.000 --> 00:57:34.000
there's lot cherry tomatoes that 
grows so well in the summertime.

00:57:34.000 --> 00:56:57.000
Those kids will be out there fighting 
forum and in the cooler

00:56:57.000 --> 00:46:42.000
seasons those sugar snap peas are 
delicious were strawberries.

00:46:42.000 --> 00:52:22.000
You know,

00:52:22.000 --> 00:53:44.000
if you've got some really 
tasty food out there.

00:53:44.000 --> 00:59:06.000
Those kids will be out there playing 
with it and that's one way to

00:59:06.000 --> 00:53:10.000
get them involved with it without 
it even being proper saying

00:54:40.000 --> 01:00:10.000
grain.

00:48:31.000 --> 00:46:24.000
Tell us about your Aqua panic set 
up what have you done there.

00:56:44.000 --> 00:45:55.000
You know,

00:45:55.000 --> 00:54:15.000
we,

00:54:15.000 --> 00:45:20.000
we've built one and I believe it's 
like 30 feet long by about 12

00:47:00.000 --> 00:50:55.000
feet wide and it has 150 gallon 
fish tank and you know I had

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:48.000
always initially avoided alcoholics 
because it's a little bit high

00:52:48.000 --> 00:50:22.000
tech you know it's going to involve 
motor motors and pumps and and

00:50:52.000 --> 00:46:35.000
and things like that which actually 
ended up being the attraction

00:46:35.000 --> 01:00:47.000
for my husband and my and that's 
the reason they like it is,

01:00:47.000 --> 00:59:09.000
it's kinda hard.

00:59:09.000 --> 00:48:02.000
I don't even impressed with those systems.

00:48:02.000 --> 00:55:13.000
They do require energy.

00:56:33.000 --> 00:48:27.000
You know you're gonna be needing 
some solar power wind power or

00:48:27.000 --> 00:49:50.000
the electrical grid which is another 
reason we had avoided it

00:52:00.000 --> 00:49:33.000
initially we were initially always 
developing our systems for

00:50:03.000 --> 00:46:08.000
Ingrid down or open that sustainability 
type of situation,

00:46:08.000 --> 00:57:29.000
but we ended up going with this,

00:57:29.000 --> 00:55:03.000
I I have to say that it is definitely 
easier to grow food in the

00:55:03.000 --> 00:58:34.000
Arc upon access tomorrow.

00:58:34.000 --> 00:54:19.000
Our first year of experiments are 
all that way it does require a

00:54:19.000 --> 00:54:33.000
little bit more watching for example 
that pump goes out your fish

00:54:33.000 --> 00:45:28.000
only have so long before they're 
gonna need oxygen and and die so

00:46:38.000 --> 00:50:48.000
it,

00:50:48.000 --> 00:57:30.000
it does need a little bit more 
monitoring like that,

00:57:30.000 --> 01:01:01.000
but on the other hand,

01:01:01.000 --> 01:00:44.000
it really is easier and part of that 
here in Central Texas it was

00:52:25.000 --> 00:51:46.000
protected from the wind.

00:51:46.000 --> 00:47:39.000
It was protected from extremes 
of heat and cold.

00:47:39.000 --> 00:49:22.000
You know the plants just grew better 
the fish created the waste

00:50:32.000 --> 00:55:14.000
that will said the plants and 
and it worked really well,

00:55:14.000 --> 00:59:14.000
it's a,

00:59:14.000 --> 00:57:45.000
it's a good system.

00:51:56.000 --> 00:55:39.000
You know it's canvas often closest 
Amin away but it is tricky and

00:55:39.000 --> 01:01:32.000
technical as you say I I've 
been avoiding it so far.

01:01:32.000 --> 00:46:26.000
Let's talk about perma culture that's 
another major contender for

00:47:56.000 --> 00:53:09.000
truly sustainable agriculture have 
you experimented with the food

00:53:09.000 --> 00:57:10.000
for and by the way,

00:57:10.000 --> 01:01:11.000
what is a food for us.

01:00:52.000 --> 00:50:16.000
Well I love food for us and I have 
to say this is my particular

00:52:26.000 --> 01:01:16.000
favorite.

01:01:56.000 --> 00:51:58.000
Way to grow food.

00:51:58.000 --> 01:01:12.000
The idea of a food forces you create 
an area that mimics nature in

01:01:12.000 --> 00:57:26.000
that you plant trees and bushes and 
vines and honorable way errors

00:57:26.000 --> 00:55:21.000
and every plant in there is edible 
or medicine or beneficial in

00:56:21.000 --> 01:01:13.000
some way and if you look at the forest.

01:01:13.000 --> 00:59:07.000
A 4th does not need any tending right 
you go to a pristine forest

01:00:37.000 --> 00:55:08.000
and the trees,

00:55:08.000 --> 01:01:41.000
there they drop their leaves their 
self marching you know they

01:02:21.000 --> 00:51:34.000
they've learned how to manage 
the water that comes to them.

00:51:34.000 --> 00:54:47.000
Naturally they don't need to be irrigated 
and they often you know

00:55:57.000 --> 00:50:20.000
there's still some production of 
food and animals and wildlife

00:53:00.000 --> 00:48:31.000
within it.

00:48:31.000 --> 00:47:04.000
So what we trying to do is create 
systems like that and then they

00:47:54.000 --> 00:54:27.000
get back and try to maybe had its 
with a little bit more benefit

00:55:47.000 --> 00:57:51.000
toward us there more investment 
in time getting up and started

00:58:41.000 --> 01:02:53.000
because a lot of your fruit and 
nut trees are not gonna start

00:48:04.000 --> 00:49:16.000
producing for 5 to 10 years.

00:49:16.000 --> 00:51:20.000
But once you get them established 
they're much much less work than

00:54:00.000 --> 00:51:51.000
annual gardens.

01:00:51.000 --> 00:53:45.000
We all know gardening can help seniors 
maintain their mental and

00:55:15.000 --> 00:53:29.000
physical health much longer but eventually 
we may not be able to

00:53:29.000 --> 01:01:50.000
handle the heavy work,

01:01:50.000 --> 00:53:14.000
how can we set up a garden to keep 
going with very little effort.

01:02:14.000 --> 00:49:35.000
Well,

00:49:35.000 --> 00:57:15.000
that's it.

00:57:15.000 --> 00:49:56.000
Exactly,

00:49:56.000 --> 00:57:19.000
that's why food Forrester such and 
it's it's a real retirement

00:57:19.000 --> 00:48:20.000
plan,

00:48:20.000 --> 00:51:51.000
unlike Social Security,

00:51:51.000 --> 00:53:33.000
which we never really know 
if that's come along.

00:53:33.000 --> 00:58:45.000
That's going to be a.

00:58:45.000 --> 00:50:19.000
So a real retirement plan is going 
to be to play at the food for

00:52:59.000 --> 00:55:12.000
store to plant a small orchard right now.

00:55:12.000 --> 01:00:12.000
Well,

01:00:12.000 --> 00:57:06.000
you've got the strength and energy 
to have that going and then you

00:57:06.000 --> 00:59:17.000
know in your later years.

00:59:17.000 --> 00:48:01.000
It's a lot easier to just harvest 
apples and it is to be planting

00:59:41.000 --> 00:56:43.000
doing all the work of the annual garden.

00:50:24.000 --> 00:56:47.000
Let's talk about prepping for past 
side built 2 big raised their

00:56:47.000 --> 00:56:30.000
heads out of some years lumber 
but I put a wire lying on the

00:56:30.000 --> 01:03:43.000
bottom to keep both the morals of 
seem to love by rich garden soil

01:03:43.000 --> 00:49:27.000
. What else can we do to encourage 
passed to stay out of the

00:49:27.000 --> 00:56:27.000
garden.

00:50:58.000 --> 00:56:08.000
Well,

00:56:08.000 --> 00:53:50.000
one thing is to have a more first.

00:58:10.000 --> 00:49:44.000
They have really good rich soil 
will help reduce your insect

00:53:34.000 --> 00:54:56.000
problems for more than golfers.

00:54:56.000 --> 01:01:06.000
Personally,

01:01:06.000 --> 00:57:49.000
I have a big problem that we have 
a lot of sand here and I've been

00:57:49.000 --> 00:48:24.000
experimenting with using castor beans 
as a mole repellent and of

00:49:14.000 --> 01:00:16.000
and I go forward talent and so far 
it seems to be working very

01:00:16.000 --> 00:53:41.000
well in fact Castro used to be 
known as as no go for plant.

00:53:41.000 --> 01:01:04.000
One of the realities of having beautiful 
food source like that as

01:01:04.000 --> 01:01:07.000
you are going to need to have some 
fencing or some protection from

01:03:47.000 --> 01:01:00.000
everything else that loves to eat 
your food like raccoons or

01:03:00.000 --> 00:52:42.000
squirrels or rabbits.

00:52:42.000 --> 01:02:04.000
So a good fence around your 
garden is just a reality.

01:01:05.000 --> 01:03:35.000
Well,

01:03:35.000 --> 00:59:49.000
our about 7 feet high and then we 
dangle little pieces of cloth

00:59:49.000 --> 00:48:33.000
and colored foil on the top of that 
to keep the deer from jumping

00:48:33.000 --> 00:52:43.000
in.

00:52:43.000 --> 00:51:26.000
But for the rest we always planned 
a little extra for all the

00:51:26.000 --> 00:57:58.000
creatures that are gonna 
eat out of your garden.

00:57:58.000 --> 00:59:59.000
Whether you like it or not.

00:49:30.000 --> 00:54:45.000
That's a very good practice we rely 
very heavily on 2 dogs to do a

00:54:45.000 --> 00:51:39.000
large part of the protection 
from the predators here,

00:51:39.000 --> 01:01:51.000
but one of the Dodgers' even really 
good at spotting overhead

01:03:41.000 --> 00:57:05.000
aerial hawks and Barking and letting 
everybody know when the Hawks

00:57:05.000 --> 00:54:59.000
are nearby and I find them invaluable 
they they work all night

01:00:09.000 --> 00:56:41.000
they mostly sleep all day.

00:56:41.000 --> 00:48:54.000
I don't see them very much because 
I give them the butchering

00:50:34.000 --> 01:04:06.000
scraps from when we do butchering 
and then they offered just get

01:04:36.000 --> 00:48:48.000
whatever table scraps.

00:48:48.000 --> 00:59:00.000
We don't need and then they they 
find what they can you know the

01:00:30.000 --> 00:50:44.000
bigger catcher rabbit here and there,

00:50:44.000 --> 01:04:16.000
so they don't really require a lot 
of input and they do a lot of

01:04:16.000 --> 00:53:37.000
work.

00:49:58.000 --> 00:55:31.000
When I was doing part time 
firming in eastern Canada.

00:55:31.000 --> 00:57:34.000
The only chemical are used as wrote 
known it's made from ground-up

00:58:44.000 --> 01:00:48.000
roots of a South American plant and 
Robert rodeo used it I had to

01:00:48.000 --> 01:03:31.000
use it for the Colorado potato beetle 
if you have a big planning a

01:03:31.000 --> 00:55:22.000
potatoes.

00:55:22.000 --> 01:05:23.000
We had the couple of acres,

01:05:23.000 --> 00:53:46.000
there's no way to squash 
all those bugs by hand.

00:53:46.000 --> 00:50:07.000
What do you think.

01:03:07.000 --> 00:52:38.000
You know,

00:52:38.000 --> 01:00:22.000
that's that's a lot of work to manage 
a couple of caterer this you

01:00:22.000 --> 00:50:36.000
know we all need to be used as much 
organic processors as possible

01:01:06.000 --> 00:53:50.000
the classic thing was something like 
a couple of acres of potatoes

01:03:20.000 --> 00:50:02.000
is to pay the kids.

00:50:02.000 --> 01:03:25.000
It used to be a penny bugs and you'd 
have them go through the rows

00:57:06.000 --> 01:05:38.000
and then they dump out bugs in the 
account and then you pay them

01:05:38.000 --> 00:57:42.000
that used to be the he to get rid 
of the goods but Colorado potato

01:00:02.000 --> 01:04:22.000
beetle.

01:02:53.000 --> 01:04:06.000
Could still work today if it gets 
a neighborhood kids going well

01:05:16.000 --> 01:00:27.000
last week.

01:00:27.000 --> 01:01:50.000
You talked about not needing refrigeration 
or freezers that we

01:01:50.000 --> 01:01:53.000
could just munch away through the 
fresh food season but I have to

01:02:43.000 --> 00:54:24.000
admit,

00:54:24.000 --> 00:59:17.000
there are times when we got so much 
food more that we could give

00:59:17.000 --> 00:51:41.000
away trade even that we needed to 
freeze some at least until we

00:51:41.000 --> 00:59:54.000
could catch up to our canning 
and drying I like adding a

00:59:54.000 --> 00:52:47.000
dehydration they don't depend 
on the grid staying up.

00:52:47.000 --> 01:04:57.000
What about you.

00:55:28.000 --> 00:50:59.000
I do too.

00:50:59.000 --> 01:04:32.000
As I'm not a huge proponent of 
that and fermentation also as

01:06:12.000 --> 00:56:36.000
another as another method of food storage,

00:56:36.000 --> 00:57:28.000
by the way at the homegrown food summit.

00:57:28.000 --> 00:59:22.000
We have one presentation by Kendra 
Lynn who'll be showing you how

00:59:22.000 --> 01:04:06.000
to do water about caning and how to 
do pressure canning and what I

01:04:56.000 --> 00:59:27.000
love about it is,

00:59:27.000 --> 01:02:17.000
you know,

01:02:17.000 --> 01:04:10.000
as some people have a fear of those 
big pressure because they are

01:04:50.000 --> 01:05:23.000
these big intimidating things and 
there's the stories of them

01:05:23.000 --> 01:06:24.000
blowing up and stuff,

01:06:24.000 --> 01:03:55.000
right.

01:03:55.000 --> 00:53:08.000
There's no longer a concern about 
they've built them there now

00:55:18.000 --> 01:05:58.000
face.

01:05:58.000 --> 01:06:29.000
But when you see Kendra.

01:06:29.000 --> 00:57:43.000
Who is this flight and beautiful 
woman just handling that

00:57:43.000 --> 01:03:07.000
machinery go I can do it and we also 
have already Hamann is going

01:03:07.000 --> 00:52:21.000
to be doing a whole thing on how 
to how to preserve food by

00:52:21.000 --> 00:52:05.000
fermentation as well as the health 
benefits turns up at that

00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:59.000
fermented foods really help your 
gut bacteria and help you to

00:54:49.000 --> 01:02:00.000
digest a lot better.

01:02:00.000 --> 00:54:44.000
So some of these techniques are actually 
I can help increase the

00:54:44.000 --> 01:00:46.000
nutrition content of the 
food you're eating.

00:54:37.000 --> 01:00:10.000
Yeah warranties real gem we've 
had on radio shock and I still

01:00:10.000 --> 01:00:43.000
check out her blog once a week and 
it's important to keep up with

01:01:13.000 --> 01:00:56.000
that one of my goals is 
to build a solar dryer.

01:00:56.000 --> 00:55:47.000
Do you have one.

01:04:07.000 --> 00:51:42.000
We do I used a model based on its 
side believe it's Appalachian

00:52:42.000 --> 00:51:56.000
State University created this model 
there's there's lots of other

00:51:56.000 --> 01:05:09.000
ones out there and it has worked really 
really well now we do tend

01:05:09.000 --> 00:59:11.000
to be a bit drier here in Texas,

00:59:11.000 --> 01:02:24.000
but I found that that model even 
worked well during the summer's

00:53:25.000 --> 00:54:39.000
the times when we had a wet period 
that is definitely a technique

00:54:39.000 --> 00:53:52.000
for the poor on preserving 
food that's a very useful.

01:00:22.000 --> 01:01:15.000
Farmers around here used to throw 
their pitches up on a Hot Tin

01:01:15.000 --> 00:52:19.000
Roof on one of their shepherds and 
solar dried them that way and

00:52:19.000 --> 01:06:49.000
it did work.

01:06:49.000 --> 00:51:53.000
Now let me ask you do you let 
chickens interior garden.

01:02:43.000 --> 01:03:35.000
On rare occasions I do.

00:53:56.000 --> 00:59:29.000
One example was one time my sweet 
potato showed up with these

01:02:39.000 --> 01:00:42.000
strange looking little beetles 
that had a shiny.

01:00:42.000 --> 00:53:05.000
It was almost what by chrome shell.

00:53:05.000 --> 00:54:16.000
I have no idea what they were,

00:54:16.000 --> 00:54:38.000
they were and alien Beatles.

00:54:38.000 --> 01:00:28.000
You know,

01:00:28.000 --> 01:08:10.000
normally when I see an insect 
outbreak like that I think

00:53:21.000 --> 00:59:23.000
immediately that my plants are 
stressed and they need some

01:01:13.000 --> 00:56:16.000
nutrients you know some some some 
sort of nutrient thing and I'll

00:56:56.000 --> 00:53:27.000
try to get them,

00:53:27.000 --> 00:58:17.000
you know,

00:58:17.000 --> 01:00:50.000
liquid seaweed or some homemade 
compost or something.

01:00:50.000 --> 01:06:42.000
But in the short term immediate 
what I do that.

01:06:42.000 --> 01:08:56.000
The chickens in there and chickens 
are naturally insect they love

00:59:27.000 --> 01:09:00.000
insects first but I watch them innocent 
of their gun getting all

00:52:51.000 --> 00:57:12.000
the insects then you wanna kick'em

00:57:12.000 --> 00:58:14.000
out of the garden because then they'll 
start scratching up the

00:58:14.000 --> 00:59:55.000
rest of your pricing ads.

01:02:45.000 --> 00:55:16.000
I do,

00:55:16.000 --> 00:53:00.000
they will scratch about so aren't 
that after all your YouTube

00:54:50.000 --> 00:52:54.000
videos your best selling grow your 
own groceries course that you

00:53:54.000 --> 00:52:46.000
hear from gardeners all over the world.

00:52:46.000 --> 00:58:16.000
Do you.

01:04:46.000 --> 01:04:30.000
We don't know and we have a very 
active network of people they

01:06:10.000 --> 00:57:11.000
contribute.

00:58:01.000 --> 00:59:33.000
Things that they're discovering 
in there that that they're

01:00:13.000 --> 00:58:36.000
learning and we're very excited 
about that and want to develop

01:00:16.000 --> 01:05:00.000
that further well actually creating 
also a network of places just

01:05:50.000 --> 00:59:03.000
like our place where we're doing 
research on different ways to

00:59:03.000 --> 01:03:46.000
grow food other places that are doing 
that are starting to become

01:04:46.000 --> 00:55:40.000
network together and sharing results 
and making it available to

00:55:40.000 --> 01:06:24.000
them to everybody really I feel Alex 
this solution is gonna come

01:07:14.000 --> 00:54:27.000
from you and for me and from,

00:54:27.000 --> 01:06:10.000
you know I mean anybody even hardly 
an example Leslie Leslie

01:06:10.000 --> 01:02:44.000
Parsons works still works full 
time and she only has a small

01:02:44.000 --> 01:00:55.000
garden.

01:00:55.000 --> 01:00:38.000
She's very passionate about Squire 
should about 2 hundred square

01:00:38.000 --> 00:55:21.000
foot garden and so she's been doing 
all these experiments were

00:57:31.000 --> 00:57:44.000
squash she's come up with a couple 
of varieties that are resistant

00:59:44.000 --> 00:53:58.000
of the squash vine borer which is 
a horrible problem for people

00:59:08.000 --> 01:06:11.000
and squash is such a good 
important calorie crop.

01:06:11.000 --> 01:05:25.000
So you know she's only doing this 
part time in a 200ft² garden.

01:05:25.000 --> 01:00:37.000
She has done really,

01:00:37.000 --> 01:10:20.000
really valuable research on of 
a crop that's resistant to the

01:10:20.000 --> 01:08:23.000
squash vine borer which is hugely 
important to the rest of us

00:58:04.000 --> 01:08:27.000
she's publishing that work on our 
our blog and making it available

01:08:27.000 --> 01:03:10.000
to other people and creating a 
whole discussion about it now.

01:03:10.000 --> 00:55:33.000
Other people are trying it and duplicating 
our work and getting

00:57:13.000 --> 01:06:54.000
feedback to her.

01:06:54.000 --> 01:05:06.000
This is how it's gonna happen.

01:05:06.000 --> 01:04:08.000
Monsanto is not here to help us,

01:04:08.000 --> 01:01:50.000
the USDA is not here to help us.

01:01:50.000 --> 00:54:32.000
Unfortunately our own government.

00:54:32.000 --> 01:00:13.000
While it does try.

01:00:13.000 --> 01:04:06.000
It's actually still we we controlled 
by the big companies.

01:04:06.000 --> 01:03:59.000
This is gonna be a problem that can 
only be solved by you and me

01:03:59.000 --> 01:04:42.000
and by individuals and neighbors 
working together and that's the

01:04:42.000 --> 00:55:47.000
whole reason for for what I do is 
working at this grassroots level

01:01:27.000 --> 00:55:51.000
of coming up with real solutions 
for you to create your own food

00:55:51.000 --> 01:05:41.000
and medicine.

00:58:02.000 --> 01:08:25.000
What would you say the number one 
concern people razor or the

00:54:36.000 --> 00:55:10.000
block that prevents them in their 
own minds from getting going on

00:55:50.000 --> 01:03:31.000
growing their own groceries.

00:58:22.000 --> 01:05:55.000
I think most people think that it's 
gonna be a lot of work and

01:05:55.000 --> 01:00:08.000
they're not going to get much 
production out of it.

01:00:08.000 --> 00:58:22.000
It's also were also such an instant 
gratification such high if it

01:05:52.000 --> 01:07:06.000
take my son can with barbed work 
on a guitar and look at the Xbox

01:07:06.000 --> 00:56:28.000
and like in 5 minutes.

00:56:28.000 --> 01:00:02.000
He's a rock star okay with with that 
then and I just doesn't have

01:00:02.000 --> 01:10:05.000
. And in the garden things take 
2 to 3 months to mature.

01:10:05.000 --> 00:55:11.000
So it's adjusting to life style that's 
actually more human scale

01:00:11.000 --> 00:56:13.000
is a pretty big block.

00:56:13.000 --> 00:56:14.000
I would say though,

00:56:14.000 --> 00:57:07.000
that's probably one of the things 
you're most Hungarian for in

00:57:07.000 --> 01:07:37.000
your life.

00:59:48.000 --> 00:57:01.000
You know it's strange a start following 
your heart into something

00:57:01.000 --> 01:01:34.000
as you did with personal food growing 
and I could also call that

01:02:14.000 --> 01:09:25.000
personal liberty,

01:09:25.000 --> 00:55:29.000
then you teacher communicate you 
connect a normal suddenly you

00:56:59.000 --> 01:00:41.000
Marjorie while Kraft have 
become kind of a,

01:00:41.000 --> 00:55:43.000
a one-woman movement on your own.

00:55:43.000 --> 01:08:33.000
Isn't it strange.

01:02:24.000 --> 01:06:45.000
It is it,

01:06:45.000 --> 01:11:48.000
it's only a review as about this week.

01:11:48.000 --> 01:11:11.000
15 years ago our view to told me 
what I will girl what I'd be

00:55:42.000 --> 01:11:54.000
doing Iacocca where have no no no,

01:11:54.000 --> 01:10:27.000
or you know you know life 
is amazing adventures a.

01:05:20.000 --> 01:09:20.000
Well,

01:09:20.000 --> 00:59:14.000
I want to take your DVD course what's 
in it and why does it cost.

01:07:24.000 --> 01:11:58.000
Well know said it's it's 2 DVDs 
and then it includes a CD-ROM

00:56:19.000 --> 01:03:02.000
that's a whole library of documents 
to support it and I,

01:03:02.000 --> 01:05:42.000
one,

01:05:42.000 --> 01:08:25.000
it's basically like me taken you 
by the hand and taking you

01:09:45.000 --> 01:03:40.000
through my homestead here and showing 
you how I grow food and I'm

01:04:30.000 --> 01:07:50.000
like,

01:07:50.000 --> 01:00:21.000
you know.

01:00:21.000 --> 01:02:44.000
Here's the water tanks were set 
up to catch rainwater and oh by

01:02:44.000 --> 01:10:26.000
the way we overbuilt it 
it was a huge mistake.

01:10:26.000 --> 01:01:50.000
Please don't make it this big and 
then he a place where we started

01:02:50.000 --> 01:08:52.000
a garden and here's another place 
we started a garden and these

01:08:52.000 --> 01:04:35.000
are the reasons why those gardens 
totally sucked in failed.

01:04:35.000 --> 00:57:29.000
But here's where we put our other 
garden and this is working,

00:57:29.000 --> 01:03:11.000
and here's the gardening method 
that years because this is the

01:03:11.000 --> 01:06:03.000
most efficient one and I've 
tried all these other ones,

01:06:03.000 --> 01:10:16.000
but this is the one that I really 
like and here's where I keep the

01:10:16.000 --> 01:08:59.000
rabbits and I put them right here 
next to the garden because

01:08:59.000 --> 01:09:12.000
outweigh their fertility can help 
me and it's real simple and easy

01:09:12.000 --> 01:02:43.000
to do this.

01:02:43.000 --> 01:03:14.000
This way,

01:03:14.000 --> 01:10:26.000
and here's my flock of chickens 
and here's the reason I have'em

01:10:26.000 --> 00:58:39.000
like this and here's the dogs and oh,

00:58:39.000 --> 01:00:10.000
look at this is the size.

01:01:50.000 --> 01:08:04.000
And you really need to keep this 
out of the garden right and

01:09:14.000 --> 01:04:17.000
here's my orchard and all the 
experiments with the trees.

01:04:17.000 --> 01:11:37.000
We've done.

01:11:37.000 --> 01:04:10.000
And this is why these died in of lived in,

01:04:10.000 --> 01:06:33.000
you know I just take you and show 
you everything that I go through

01:08:43.000 --> 01:11:16.000
ND and in even the maturing 
process viewers how you,

01:11:16.000 --> 01:07:20.000
but your rabbit and here's how you 
butchered chicken India is what

01:08:10.000 --> 01:10:52.000
you do with all the parts 
of those animals.

01:10:52.000 --> 01:00:33.000
That's it.

01:00:33.000 --> 00:58:34.000
It's really,

00:58:34.000 --> 01:07:17.000
you know to 2 videos that they chose 
you all those components and

01:07:17.000 --> 01:10:59.000
then again that library 
the resource library.

01:10:59.000 --> 01:12:01.000
So you know I talk about a rainwater 
collection system.

01:12:01.000 --> 01:04:44.000
We have a whole rainwater collection 
system e-book in their own

01:05:14.000 --> 01:03:26.000
how to how to build one.

01:03:26.000 --> 00:59:58.000
I talk about you know butchering a rabbit.

00:59:58.000 --> 01:01:32.000
And then we have a whole article 
on how to channel rabbit hides

01:02:02.000 --> 01:01:35.000
that we'll be able to use those effectively 
or you know we've got

01:02:15.000 --> 01:05:20.000
5 different PDF different ways to 
compost fertility so important.

01:05:20.000 --> 00:58:22.000
So that's what it's,

00:58:22.000 --> 01:10:22.000
it's all about,

01:10:22.000 --> 01:09:55.000
it's a grow your own groceries.com 
and its$37

01:10:55.000 --> 01:07:19.000
for the 4th but I tell you what I'd 
really recommend you go to the

01:07:19.000 --> 01:07:23.000
home-grown food summit and watch 
that presentation I have on how

01:07:23.000 --> 01:10:06.000
to grow half year on food in your 
backyard in less than an hour a

01:10:06.000 --> 01:07:27.000
day.

01:07:27.000 --> 01:00:51.000
Take a look at that and say you know 
that'll really inspire you do

01:01:31.000 --> 01:01:32.000
that you could do this,

01:01:32.000 --> 01:03:25.000
you can get their systems up and 
running in about 6 months and be

01:05:25.000 --> 01:04:39.000
producing half your own food in 
less than an hour a day by next

01:04:39.000 --> 01:08:09.000
year.

01:02:00.000 --> 01:12:53.000
I'd love to do it now Marjorie what 
will your next project be or

01:00:44.000 --> 01:04:05.000
is it too soon to tell.

01:14:35.000 --> 01:09:16.000
Well,

01:09:16.000 --> 01:11:39.000
we've got a lot of irons in the 
fire and after this summit,

01:11:39.000 --> 01:11:42.000
we're going to look at what 
will have the most impact,

01:11:42.000 --> 01:02:37.000
to be able to have more home-grown 
food on every table,

01:02:37.000 --> 01:02:50.000
we're looking at doing some stuff 
in partnership with Mike Adams

01:02:50.000 --> 01:09:33.000
of the natural news and possibly 
working on some developing some

01:11:13.000 --> 01:08:56.000
programs to get local food into schools.

01:08:56.000 --> 01:10:37.000
We've got a whole,

01:10:37.000 --> 01:07:50.000
you know I don't also developing 
that network of research

01:12:40.000 --> 01:05:12.000
organizations.

01:05:12.000 --> 01:04:23.000
There's a lot on the table,

01:04:23.000 --> 01:08:54.000
we haven't yet figured that out.

00:58:45.000 --> 01:07:47.000
We've been talking with Marjorie 
while craft of grow your own

01:07:47.000 --> 01:10:31.000
groceries.com her DVD Guide to Growing 
in your own backyard is a

00:59:02.000 --> 01:07:52.000
bestseller,

01:07:52.000 --> 01:14:25.000
her free YouTube videos and growing 
your own food a really popular

01:02:36.000 --> 01:00:09.000
and Marjorie recently organized 
the biggest online summit

01:02:39.000 --> 01:14:12.000
dedicated to growing homegrown food 
I'll be putting links to all

01:14:12.000 --> 01:08:36.000
of that in my shell blog equal 
shot.info Marjorie.

01:08:36.000 --> 01:05:08.000
Thank you so much for helping all of us.

01:03:49.000 --> 01:09:29.000
Alex.

01:09:29.000 --> 01:09:50.000
Thanks for having they are.

01:09:50.000 --> 01:10:21.000
I really appreciate it.

01:00:52.000 --> 01:14:14.000
I'm Alex Smith reporting 
for Radio Eco Shah.

01:11:18.000 --> 01:13:01.000
I'm dropping my own garden right 
now with raised beds,

01:13:01.000 --> 01:12:25.000
a better compost bin nets for the 
raspberries and 80 inches of

01:12:25.000 --> 01:00:57.000
mulch all around.

01:00:57.000 --> 01:05:11.000
Find all our past programs as MP3 
downloads at our website eco

01:05:11.000 --> 01:09:12.000
shark.org.

01:09:12.000 --> 00:59:36.000
Don't forget to follow up on links 
for this week show in my weekly

00:59:36.000 --> 01:09:50.000
blog published Wednesday that it shock.info 
or listen to the sound

01:09:50.000 --> 01:02:45.000
card page had sown cloud.com/Radio 
Eco shock.

01:02:45.000 --> 01:05:26.000
I'm a locksmith.

01:05:26.000 --> 01:12:59.000
Thank you for listening and I hope 
we will get together again next