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This is radio.

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If you go shopping with.

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This week on Radio Eco shark.

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We're going to the end of the earth.

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It's a feature-length interview 
about new science the chills

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Antarctica is melting.

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I guarantee you will read headlines 
and see amazing video news

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from the science were discovering 
this week sea levels will rise

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around the planet for centuries 
reshaping the coastlines and

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civilization,

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then we'll finish up with the return 
of Marjorie Wilde craft with

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more tips on growing your own groceries.

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It's all food for thought and action,

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I'm Alex Smith,

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the journey begins.

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There's a lot of action in Antarctica 
and that can bring changes

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all over the world.

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Here to discuss recent sciences 
Dr. Roland C warmer.

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He is a researcher with the Antarctic 
climate and ecosystems

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Cooperative Research Centre at the 
University of Tasmania Tasmania

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is the closest Australian state to 
Antarctica Dr. Warner welcome

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to Radio Eco shock.

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With him.

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Well,

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thank you for joining us for an update 
on this frozen world at the

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South Pole.

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First of all what parts of Australia 
are closest to Antarctica and

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what claims does your country 
have on that continent.

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Okay.

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Well,

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I'm here in Tasmania of an 
island state of Australia.

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Half of the Australian mainland 
and well I thought still some

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distance away to our south there 
are only a few small islands in

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the middle of the Southern Ocean,

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between Australia and Antarctica.

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However,

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as you alluded Australia does have 
a territorial claim to a large

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piece of the Antarctic,

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but 42% of it,

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to be precise now various countries 
establish these claims in an

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age of heroic exploration.

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You know putting out flags and claiming 
things in the name of if

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you know,

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typically,

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your moniker your state 
with the done thing.

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In those days and these claims exist 
and some of them actually

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tend to overlap,

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particularly around the most successful 
part then tactic in that.

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Think of the Antarctic Peninsula 
points up to South America and

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one big think there isn't actually 
coined by anyone at all.

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But these claims are on 
ice and if you will.

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Under their party.

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Treaty which was established in 
the 1950s and it's that treaty

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that governs how people 
behave in Antarctica.

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These days,

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whether they have claims to particular 
pieces of turf all but I

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will not.

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And have you been there.

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Yes I think twice.

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I think of 3 summer seasons 
with heat strain in US,

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British,

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French collaborative project this 
imaginatively called ice cap.

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This is a bit of a mouthful stands 
for investigating Christ very

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evolution through collaborative 2 
physical profiling and what that

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means is that we have a whole range 
of instruments on an aircraft

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, the fact of the rejuvenated DC 
3 genuine World War II vintage

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and we fly for hours and hours.

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They are the ice sheet measuring 
many different things and I'm

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sure we will discuss today 
using that aircraft.

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So I was a Casey station which is 
one of 3 Australian basis on

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continent itself that's due south 
of Western Australia and I've

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got there.

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In this modern era either by flying 
directly there in a jet plane

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from here in Havana to the runaway 
on the ice cap behind the

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station or rather more long way 
around changing planes that.

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US they with murder when flying for 
hours and hours allow you know

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ski equipped Hercules to land at 
and on one occasion I've come

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home on our ice breaker which 
took 7 considered try.

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It's a giant place.

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I mean it is a real continent 
now in a shocking bit of news

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Antarctica just experienced the 2 
hardest days ever recorded there

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, namely 63.5 degrees Fahrenheit,

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or 17.5° C and that was that.

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The Argentinian Esperanza Base 
on the Antarctic Peninsula.

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I've heard that was warmer than the 
temperature in Britain on the

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same day in late March.

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Is that just a freak occurrence 
or do you think Antarctica is

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warming.

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Yeah,

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I don't say that being involved with 
the phone day here at home.

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It's not part of either or outside 
the Antarctic Peninsula.

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But think you're Antarctica pointing 
South America is an area of

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Antarctica that shows some of the 
greatest climate warming of

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recent years.

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For the whole planet,

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perhaps 5° Celsius warmer 
over the last 50 years,

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according to the British Antarctic Survey.

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So it's consistent with that sort 
of situation that you're going

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to keep getting record breaking maximum 
temperatures and that of

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course one hot days where there 
while the trend in hot days who

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climbed into it was not a theorist 
of previous record was only 0.4

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degree Celsius lower that was back 
in 1961 and it was even later

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in the year as a month later was in 
April that's so it's only anti

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think the reason is warming.

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And so when I 3 state holidays.

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You know,

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so not a freak occurrence.

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All right,

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well,

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let's turn to a new scientific paper 
you were directly involved in

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the title is ocean access to a 
cavity beneath glacier in East

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Antarctica.

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We need to frame that a bit.

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Obviously,

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where's the tartan glacier 
and how big is it.

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Yes,

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certainly.

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The Congress is the largest growth 
you know East Antarctica.

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It came to split Antarctic are 
up by which in the world,

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we're looking at.

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After all,

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and I think you know everything 
is sort of you know and so we

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don't particularly is parts weaving 
between the Greenwich Meridian

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and the line below Africa 
Australia so the Congo.

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If you can fight on almost exactly 
the opposite side and

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Antarctica so less brands when looking 
at about 116 he strongly

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too.

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So almost directly below 
the city of Perth.

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In the capital city of Western Australia.

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He took a very large grace period 
driving 540,000 square

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kilometers of East Antarctica.

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He was like,

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I think that is being more than 
twice the size of for you.

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Australian state of Victoria for North 
American audience audiences

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might be more helpful to say that 
somewhat more than twice the

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area of all the Great Lakes put together.

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And that's big.

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Yeah.

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Yes,

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okay.

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And so just food to fill out is the 
story this 70 billion tons of

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ice flows out of that quite you know 
every year that's amazingly

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about the flow rate of Niagara Falls,

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but obviously it's moving slightly,

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but on a very grand scale.

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Is that the amount that actually 
reaches the sea every year.

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Yep,

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that's,

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that's what that that out of ice 
that you can collect in half a

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million square kilometers,

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I should say that they are itself 
is more than 30km wide at the

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front considerably stand and Niagara 
Falls and its 200 meters

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thick.

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So there's a lot of life on the moon.

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Well,

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you've hit something that's a little 
confusing to some of us we

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have sea ice which doesn't directly 
add to sea level rise.

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We have melting from land ice like 
Greenland which does add to the

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sea level rise and then in the Arctic.

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There's only a couple small ice shelves 
left attached to Canadian

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polar islands but in Antarctica 
seems confusing,

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could you just give us a quick update 
on the relationship between

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sea ice ice shelves and 
land based glaciers.

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Yeah,

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this is certainly something which 
could use a lot of people.

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Yet the only turning to do it through 
water or flowing into the

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sea.

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That could affect sea level rises.

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Obviously I that's currently not 
floating on the ocean because

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courtesy of the year old Archimedes 
we have you know the guy

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that's floating on the ocean when 
it melts well simply filling the

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volume.

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It was previously displacing.

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So that's not to say that the melting 
of things like ice shelves

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which is.

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Got if your that the floating 
on the ocean.

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That's not to say that won't have 
an impact on the earth's system

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because it's only going to fresh 
of top layers of the ocean that

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in terms of the level rises ground 
a life like Greenland and like

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for little ice caps are still remain 
you where you know Arctic and

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now graces around the world and 
a sleeping giant in the lift,

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which perhaps is not fleeting Antarctica 
that's where think was

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going to come from.

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I would like to fall out 
of the on story as well.

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Think about feel it is this is the 
host of surface freezing and

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it's around Antarctica and in the Arctic.

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It's one of the big seasonal changes 
in the Earth's climate system

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around Antarctica in the wintertime.

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The area where the ocean surface 
is predominantly covered by why

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such been frozen over the ocean itself.

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That's almost double for 
signs of that big,

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white pants down of that 
the part of the globe.

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And when that sea ice is forming 
the Fiat itself is relatively

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fresh from the salt water on that 
they could become smug Saltire

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and wipe a different story for one 
we want to tell today that's

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actually what drives a lot of the 
deep global ocean circulation

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further things would happen with 
sea ice around Antarctica.

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We were fixing the the deep political 
be overturning circulation

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alcohol plant.

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The progression of ourselves shelves 
and the ice sheet is also an

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interesting one.

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The melting away all the changes 
in ourselves don't directly

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affect civil rights of a but there 
are still Ferraris something

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for the gatekeepers particularly 
for Antarctica in terms of the

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rate at which ice flows from a grounded 
ice into the ocean and we

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believe in effect changes in the 
ice shelves are going to be that

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the major drivers in changing the 
dynamics of the whole why she

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could phone they do play a 
big role in in the future.

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Sea level.

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It's been compared to pulling 
the cork out of a bottle.

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Yes,

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all you can think of it as a keystone 
you know basically you have

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a big Ice shelf you know talking 
of the biggest ones are very

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firmly professionally in very 
large but that would in fact

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probably be called fees if they weren't.

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Follow us and the presence of 
the ice shelf there provides

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retiring stress that's holding back 
ice which is flowing typically

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I flew in Antarctica is concentrated 
into major quite fast moving

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out late.

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Well,

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if you know so I streams and it's 
quite focused for likely to top

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the lot of mentioning before and 
often is channeled into these

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very being ourselves and so if you 
do something to change the ice

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shelf.

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You're going to do something to change 
the whole balance of forces

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from that's that's restraining the 
writer was that ice flows into

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the ocean.

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It seems parts of Antarctica are 
actually below sea level.

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Is that correct and what would that 
continent look like without

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the ice cap.

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Yes,

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that's certainly true again that 
East West Antarctica dividing

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line is is perhaps a useful 
one here for a long time.

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We've known by probing through to 
see how thick the ice is and how

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far down that is bedrock 
company we've known.

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There's a lot of the West.

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And I think I see is standing on 
the sea floor maybe half a mile

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or more still needles but 
deep and that includes,

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actually the,

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the the summit agreed to between 
I suppose westwards to the Rafah

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itself and I thought flows eastwards 
towards you know a month of

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sitting in around towards South America.

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So if I cheat hadn't developed there.

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This would just the ocean one could 
go to work well could go

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sailing and what developed 
in the last 2 years,

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partly as a result of major aerial 
survey that we've done with ice

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cap project is we have better defined it.

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The extensive areas of East Antarctica 
are also seeking on bedrock

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that deep below sea level.

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In this case,

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said that turned out because I feel 
even sicker than we thought in

252
00:15:12,000 --> 00:26:42,000
some places,

253
00:26:42,000 --> 00:19:56,000
it's 2 miles thick and in particular,

254
00:19:56,000 --> 00:25:38,000
we've been exploring the aurora Basin,

255
00:25:38,000 --> 00:20:13,000
which is a vast area in the catchment 
of Tottenham life here and

256
00:24:13,000 --> 00:25:57,000
we heard inside the bedrock channels 
that connect that deep cover

257
00:29:27,000 --> 00:17:42,000
to the coast of of the aurora based 
around the world so called

258
00:18:12,000 --> 00:24:12,000
Wilkes.

259
00:24:12,000 --> 00:14:45,000
Sub-glacial basin which is 
immediately to its east.

260
00:14:45,000 --> 00:22:58,000
If the law Michael submarine 
part of of eastern our state

261
00:29:28,000 --> 00:18:21,000
convinced that we removed 
all the are with that,

262
00:18:21,000 --> 00:23:24,000
I think it would simply become a 
collection of islands you could

263
00:24:04,000 --> 00:27:27,000
fail from the Pacific to the Atlantic 
without having to go past

264
00:28:27,000 --> 00:16:30,000
Cape Horn and he can talk,

265
00:16:30,000 --> 00:17:23,000
it wouldn't have seen major itself,

266
00:17:23,000 --> 00:29:04,000
it might even writers see.

267
00:16:46,000 --> 00:14:59,000
And so until they new research 
done by a team,

268
00:14:59,000 --> 00:24:22,000
we didn't really understand how warmer 
waters could undermine this

269
00:24:22,000 --> 00:14:34,000
tartan glacier.

270
00:14:34,000 --> 00:16:55,000
How does it work.

271
00:16:55,000 --> 00:27:27,000
And how did you do the science 
to find this out.

272
00:28:18,000 --> 00:23:39,000
Yeah,

273
00:23:39,000 --> 00:30:19,000
the,

274
00:30:19,000 --> 00:29:14,000
the way that works is that will 
be crucial question for getting

275
00:29:14,000 --> 00:25:18,000
melting of ourselves and it's 
changing the follow.

276
00:29:28,000 --> 00:16:43,000
Ground a life behind used to working 
out is the warm ocean water

277
00:17:53,000 --> 00:16:48,000
nearby and more importantly all 
the pathways by which it can

278
00:29:18,000 --> 00:16:12,000
circulated to weigh up all the 
continental shelf and kind of

279
00:16:12,000 --> 00:18:46,000
actually getting into these cavities 
underneath the ice shelves.

280
00:18:46,000 --> 00:15:58,000
They have much in the time left,

281
00:15:58,000 --> 00:29:31,000
you can see how deep the ocean is 
if you fire up and down with on

282
00:29:31,000 --> 00:18:23,000
you know shit,

283
00:18:23,000 --> 00:16:47,000
but it's very hard to work out 
what's the geometry of the sea

284
00:17:27,000 --> 00:19:29,000
floor underneath.

285
00:19:29,000 --> 00:21:51,000
Maybe one of needing 2 kilometers of

286
00:15:23,000 --> 00:26:49,000
I now Wesley serving aircraft reviews 
have a radar system that can

287
00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:32,000
see right through to the base for 
the iPhone and can even see lot

288
00:27:32,000 --> 00:25:56,000
of internal structure through 
the life as well.

289
00:25:56,000 --> 00:26:49,000
We also have some magnetometers to 
try and figure out what sort of

290
00:29:29,000 --> 00:18:04,000
character and actually underlying 
the ICC most importantly for

291
00:18:04,000 --> 00:25:54,000
this work,

292
00:25:54,000 --> 00:16:19,000
we had a very sense the gravity 
money before long we mention my

293
00:17:19,000 --> 00:27:33,000
new variations in the strength of 
local gravity I'm flying very

294
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:46,000
near the surface and very slowly.

295
00:29:46,000 --> 00:25:49,000
Obviously it's very maybe 140 knots,

296
00:25:49,000 --> 00:24:53,000
these is ideal for that sort of survey.

297
00:24:53,000 --> 00:23:57,000
You know they mean you have to 
fit now and there's a lot of

298
00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:41,000
detailed work to figure out how 
those tiny variations in the

299
00:26:51,000 --> 00:29:25,000
strength of work or gravity can be 
translated into what death of

300
00:30:55,000 --> 00:20:41,000
ice and water a raucous directly 
below your 5 track so I right I

301
00:20:41,000 --> 00:26:02,000
can't penetrate seawater water.

302
00:26:02,000 --> 00:16:47,000
So we don't see the bottom of an 
icy so we only 3 the bedrock

303
00:18:57,000 --> 00:23:29,000
where the ice is on the ground.

304
00:23:29,000 --> 00:17:02,000
But this gravity days are allowed 
us to map is inaccessible

305
00:30:02,000 --> 00:28:26,000
Welshman cavities underneath ourselves 
and indeed to map the

306
00:28:56,000 --> 00:20:48,000
seafloor off the coast.

307
00:20:48,000 --> 00:17:13,000
There were often see Astra meant ships 
from getting in and so what

308
00:17:53,000 --> 00:32:06,000
we've been able to do is to map out 
the shape of bedrock beneath

309
00:16:47,000 --> 00:25:01,000
this floating terminus of both 
the problem crisis around a

310
00:26:31,000 --> 00:30:05,000
neighboring ourself called the Moscow 
University herself and the

311
00:30:05,000 --> 00:23:19,000
most serious finding is that there 
are some deepwater channel that

312
00:27:09,000 --> 00:17:44,000
me open ocean to the charity and 
this includes a previously

313
00:20:34,000 --> 00:27:36,000
completely unknown Persia logical pathway.

314
00:27:36,000 --> 00:21:28,000
If you like another channel,

315
00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:32,000
it increases the prospect that what 
war can circulate into this

316
00:21:32,000 --> 00:29:37,000
cavity and maybe if the temperature 
of the water changes then the

317
00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:22,000
melting which is already quite 
extensive and therefore the

318
00:25:22,000 --> 00:19:44,000
dynamics of the system will change.

319
00:32:34,000 --> 00:28:37,000
And if you know the story ideas 
or thoughts on something you've

320
00:29:27,000 --> 00:17:43,000
heard contacted us can radio an 
equal shot of Darfur and that's

321
00:19:23,000 --> 00:26:25,000
radio equal shot and orgy.

322
00:16:57,000 --> 00:19:29,000
West you were list.

323
00:20:49,000 --> 00:29:12,000
Going to Radio Eco shock I'm Alex 
Smith with Australian scientist

324
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:24,000
Rulon C Warner Rowland,

325
00:29:24,000 --> 00:18:08,000
can we expect any measurable sea 
level rise from the Tartan

326
00:19:18,000 --> 00:27:20,000
glacier complex say in this century.

327
00:23:01,000 --> 00:29:06,000
Yes we can in we're already seeing 
some small contribution to sea

328
00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:30,000
level rise and I'm not sure of that 
anybody's total all I have.

329
00:29:30,000 --> 00:17:36,000
Because the of us you know crisis 
dream that forms the life here

330
00:24:36,000 --> 00:21:07,000
is actually.

331
00:21:57,000 --> 00:28:01,000
Getting thinner near the coast in 
fact surface there has been in

332
00:28:31,000 --> 00:25:13,000
recent years and have a few years,

333
00:25:13,000 --> 00:33:13,000
they said.

334
00:33:13,000 --> 00:17:48,000
It's been dropping by maybe Vermeer 
and a half per year.

335
00:17:48,000 --> 00:30:49,000
So this is in fact innocent parties,

336
00:30:49,000 --> 00:21:45,000
one of the hot spots where they 
definitely ice loss in terms of

337
00:21:45,000 --> 00:29:27,000
what will happen in the 
rest of the century.

338
00:29:27,000 --> 00:24:33,000
We now know that it's possible to 
get water in there and dynamics

339
00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:07,000
of the top of the person says that 
this already some considerable

340
00:26:07,000 --> 00:31:09,000
melting going on there.

341
00:31:09,000 --> 00:19:25,000
We don't really know in detail how 
future climate high increase

342
00:21:15,000 --> 00:22:41,000
that supply and what the consequent 
transmission of that affect

343
00:34:21,000 --> 00:28:53,000
but level rise would be,

344
00:28:53,000 --> 00:21:26,000
but it's certainly anything parking.

345
00:21:26,000 --> 00:32:10,000
It's the place to wants went the 
timescale is centuries all of

346
00:18:11,000 --> 00:26:43,000
with a little more we don't 
quite know them,

347
00:26:43,000 --> 00:25:06,000
but if you people are taking 
this very seriously.

348
00:25:06,000 --> 00:29:46,000
Harris,

349
00:29:46,000 --> 00:21:29,000
perhaps in the fantastic haunts.

350
00:29:20,000 --> 00:27:53,000
To spend a lot of talk between scientists 
about the importance of

351
00:27:53,000 --> 00:30:54,000
the grounding line,

352
00:30:54,000 --> 00:21:15,000
what is that.

353
00:25:16,000 --> 00:31:56,000
Yes.

354
00:31:56,000 --> 00:26:50,000
The Grammy moments probably really 
more bizarre and it is winnable

355
00:27:40,000 --> 00:24:55,000
and Gracie actually starts to to 
go afloat whenever we just a

356
00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:06,000
scuffle what event.

357
00:24:06,000 --> 00:26:41,000
I think that I think to be really 
on the sea floor and as its

358
00:27:11,000 --> 00:24:35,000
forces towards the Mars and eventually 
there comes a point where

359
00:21:06,000 --> 00:33:38,000
it simply going to go off white 
given direction of life.

360
00:33:38,000 --> 00:21:49,000
Well,

361
00:21:49,000 --> 00:24:52,000
it probably would be better if 
it was called the underground

362
00:32:02,000 --> 00:28:43,000
entwined.

363
00:28:43,000 --> 00:23:25,000
One of the flotation line,

364
00:23:25,000 --> 00:32:18,000
it's important because it's the place 
where suddenly the base of

365
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:43,000
the ice sheet is not protected 
by by being on the ground and

366
00:35:23,000 --> 00:29:38,000
suddenly the possibility of wish 
and driven melting the UMP

367
00:33:48,000 --> 00:24:52,000
commences and I should say that 
it's again something we've only

368
00:25:52,000 --> 00:35:46,000
learned in the last 2 decades 
that near these crowning line

369
00:20:47,000 --> 00:26:41,000
somewhere often the ice is very deep 
here in Miami Tottenham we're

370
00:27:31,000 --> 00:29:55,000
talking about a transition point 
that's probably a mile below sea

371
00:29:55,000 --> 00:28:06,000
level.

372
00:28:06,000 --> 00:23:21,000
The the the melting even is grounding 
aren't these 10s of meters

373
00:24:41,000 --> 00:32:44,000
year maybe 15 years here.

374
00:32:44,000 --> 00:31:17,000
And given that the water was doing 
that and they'll think it still

375
00:31:17,000 --> 00:27:12,000
by by any swimmers stand I'm 
very close to freezing.

376
00:27:12,000 --> 00:32:46,000
It's likely that this is an extremely 
thing to be part of of the

377
00:32:46,000 --> 00:20:58,000
climate system.

378
00:20:58,000 --> 00:25:01,000
So that's the first thing that's 
important about the grounding.

379
00:25:01,000 --> 00:27:44,000
On the second thing that's 
important is this,

380
00:27:44,000 --> 00:23:19,000
particularly in some configurations 
of the bedrock these grounding

381
00:23:19,000 --> 00:30:00,000
lines themselves my move.

382
00:30:00,000 --> 00:25:54,000
So it's not just a matter of bringing 
more iced up to her.

383
00:25:54,000 --> 00:32:47,000
You know my fixed gaze and then having 
to follow through their and

384
00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:31,000
and and they'll it's not possible 
that the grounding itself will

385
00:33:31,000 --> 00:27:05,000
migrate inland reducing the 5 on 
the ground and the high street

386
00:20:36,000 --> 00:28:30,000
and transmitting these changes in 
the forces of the even further

387
00:29:50,000 --> 00:20:21,000
upstream.

388
00:22:02,000 --> 00:29:13,000
We'll sea level rises.

389
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:36,000
The real wildcard when we think 
about the impact of Antarctic

390
00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:49,000
melting I've just gone through a 
paper by lead author Fernando

391
00:35:39,000 --> 00:25:44,000
Apollo titled volume loss from 
Antarctic ice shelves is

392
00:25:44,000 --> 00:30:45,000
accelerating.

393
00:30:45,000 --> 00:27:19,000
Is it just the ice shelves or 
is ice loss from Antarctica

394
00:29:39,000 --> 00:23:02,000
increasing and at a faster rate.

395
00:23:02,000 --> 00:33:22,000
Do we know.

396
00:34:23,000 --> 00:25:44,000
Yeah,

397
00:25:44,000 --> 00:22:06,000
I do this comes back to that.

398
00:22:06,000 --> 00:36:56,000
The point we were.

399
00:22:57,000 --> 00:35:20,000
This guy thing you know you know that 
these guys have done a great

400
00:36:30,000 --> 00:22:14,000
job in trying to improve our understanding 
about what's happening

401
00:22:14,000 --> 00:31:28,000
to ice shelves previously we had 
quite good measurements swimmer

402
00:21:59,000 --> 00:36:22,000
quite precise either of you sort of 
that was flying in space for a

403
00:37:02,000 --> 00:36:16,000
few years showing that these ice 
shelves of getting home and I'm

404
00:28:57,000 --> 00:24:22,000
really hard problem because given 
look I shelf it's floating.

405
00:24:22,000 --> 00:21:16,000
If you see half a meter change 
in the surface height of the

406
00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:10,000
fighting are so often means that 
he lost 5 meters ice from the

407
00:22:10,000 --> 00:31:02,000
wire what they've done here,

408
00:31:02,000 --> 00:21:23,000
he said.

409
00:21:23,000 --> 00:37:47,000
While at 5-year record is is rather 
short and some of the longest

410
00:37:47,000 --> 00:23:00,000
recall that's available actually heavenly.

411
00:23:00,000 --> 00:31:34,000
And I think he is from some writer 
satellites that were measuring

412
00:33:24,000 --> 00:34:59,000
the height and ice shelves and so 
they've been able to conclude

413
00:36:49,000 --> 00:26:15,000
that ice shelves are certainly on 
the whole it so they're losing

414
00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:59,000
which is actually slightly fresh 
link the Antarctic coastal

415
00:29:09,000 --> 00:22:32,000
erosion but because beginning Feb.

416
00:22:32,000 --> 00:35:46,000
They are also likely reducing this 
restraining force they have on

417
00:35:46,000 --> 00:33:49,000
the high street and in fact they 
are when they see the biggest

418
00:35:39,000 --> 00:30:41,000
changes in West Antarctica,

419
00:30:41,000 --> 00:24:25,000
in those places where there out 
like have been observed to be

420
00:26:05,000 --> 00:28:06,000
speeding up,

421
00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:02,000
so it's only important and it's 
important in terms of what we,

422
00:28:02,000 --> 00:25:57,000
what we think is one of the controllers 
of Chinese in the ICC and

423
00:33:37,000 --> 00:22:30,000
they level contributions from the itself.

424
00:24:21,000 --> 00:34:12,000
In a comment on that article,

425
00:34:12,000 --> 00:26:05,000
one of the scientists Lori 
pad been expressed.

426
00:26:05,000 --> 00:22:28,000
There's a lot of uncertainty about 
what will happen on Antarctica

427
00:26:18,000 --> 00:32:09,000
as the world climate changes.

428
00:32:09,000 --> 00:38:49,000
In fact,

429
00:38:49,000 --> 00:28:30,000
he said.

430
00:28:30,000 --> 00:38:03,000
Quote it is plausible that even if 
the Earth's average temperature

431
00:38:03,000 --> 00:33:47,000
increases effect on ocean currents 
around Antarctica might

432
00:33:47,000 --> 00:34:01,000
actually work against Antarctic ice 
sheet melting and he goes on

433
00:34:01,000 --> 00:35:25,000
to say that that past a records 
may not tell us a lot because

434
00:24:06,000 --> 00:28:19,000
we're changing the climate so fast 
compared to what happened in

435
00:28:19,000 --> 00:34:11,000
past times what do you 
think about all that.

436
00:38:22,000 --> 00:25:43,000
Well,

437
00:25:43,000 --> 00:28:54,000
it's true that one,

438
00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:28,000
one has to be careful about he was 
financial planners tell you

439
00:29:58,000 --> 00:28:12,000
part the performance is guaranteed 
a future performance,

440
00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:45,000
but with changing the composition 
of the atmosphere,

441
00:28:45,000 --> 00:35:50,000
and so he's corrective driver for 
changing climate is no longer be

442
00:39:00,000 --> 00:25:15,000
the Milinkevich the so called ice 
age cycle I do those changes

443
00:26:05,000 --> 00:25:49,000
were pretty dramatic in terms of 
sea level rise 20,000 years ago

444
00:26:49,000 --> 00:38:12,000
when was great Hemisphere ice sheets 
and decayed but certainly

445
00:23:33,000 --> 00:27:17,000
we're forcing system a lot faster 
around them any natural forcing

446
00:27:17,000 --> 00:25:32,000
that's these apply I'd be a little 
surprised if it was actually

447
00:25:32,000 --> 00:28:06,000
going to have to work against I see 
my thing on the whole the deep

448
00:28:06,000 --> 00:34:36,000
ocean,

449
00:34:36,000 --> 00:30:40,000
he's already warming and you've 
only got to warm water a little

450
00:31:30,000 --> 00:33:34,000
bit for it to carry a lot of heat 
campaign turns away he can be

451
00:33:34,000 --> 00:30:58,000
carried by changes in air temperature.

452
00:30:58,000 --> 00:39:13,000
So I think that the changing dynamic 
response is going to be quite

453
00:39:13,000 --> 00:30:37,000
high and that's so hard to see who 
we can avoid conveying that

454
00:32:27,000 --> 00:34:31,000
don't want to really high shelves 
and then by weakening ourselves

455
00:26:22,000 --> 00:38:34,000
increase some nice discharge 
from Antarctica.

456
00:38:34,000 --> 00:25:17,000
It's only warmer air temperatures 
will generate some higher

457
00:28:27,000 --> 00:31:11,000
snowfall that it's not really clear 
that that can dominate the

458
00:32:31,000 --> 00:33:04,000
sort of exhilaration the life 
and we've already seen.

459
00:29:05,000 --> 00:28:38,000
And Lori tab and also talked about 
the irony that sea levels

460
00:28:38,000 --> 00:27:12,000
around Antarctica and Greenland 
may actually go down as the

461
00:27:12,000 --> 00:24:33,000
glaciers melt.

462
00:24:33,000 --> 00:26:14,000
How is that possible.

463
00:29:05,000 --> 00:33:25,000
You know,

464
00:33:25,000 --> 00:39:55,000
this is,

465
00:39:55,000 --> 00:30:29,000
this is quite amazing it another one 
of these obvious in hindsight

466
00:33:39,000 --> 00:25:14,000
inside it's looking pretty recently 
insightful from both us anyway

467
00:25:14,000 --> 00:40:07,000
. Any sort of water surface Rep 
Of in fact commonsense idea of

468
00:24:58,000 --> 00:33:21,000
level since obviously 
water flows downhill.

469
00:33:21,000 --> 00:30:25,000
In fact the FTSE service mission 
with precision from space shows

470
00:34:35,000 --> 00:36:57,000
that that idea down here only.

471
00:37:37,000 --> 00:35:11,000
Modulated by all sorts of things 
like currents and winds of other

472
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:22,000
factors.

473
00:37:22,000 --> 00:32:56,000
And in particular the vast method 
ice on these grounds.

474
00:32:56,000 --> 00:40:09,000
That's a sufficient gravitational 
attraction to pull the ocean

475
00:31:40,000 --> 00:39:01,000
around them towards them.

476
00:39:01,000 --> 00:28:45,000
And this generates an an up slope in.

477
00:28:45,000 --> 00:30:49,000
He is the sea surface around the 
ice sheets and so it work,

478
00:30:49,000 --> 00:41:23,000
what if you're losing what sort of 
advice billions of tons a life

479
00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:38,000
in that reduces its attraction and 
a bit of a surprise intuition

480
00:33:58,000 --> 00:34:59,000
and nearby streets.

481
00:34:59,000 --> 00:40:02,000
This comes out why the overall effect 
that you put that all into

482
00:41:02,000 --> 00:25:55,000
the global 3 level,

483
00:25:55,000 --> 00:39:08,000
but in fact merely hosting the 
3 level with pregnant fall

484
00:41:08,000 --> 00:27:11,000
considerably more and in fact,

485
00:27:11,000 --> 00:32:34,000
they've only been a few idealized 
computer simulations trying to

486
00:32:34,000 --> 00:27:25,000
put this in.

487
00:27:25,000 --> 00:32:49,000
I think you into countenance does 
provide a little bit of a

488
00:40:59,000 --> 00:35:44,000
stabilizer to to grabbing line retreat 
if 3 we will media actually

489
00:36:44,000 --> 00:41:36,000
doing a relic later is falling.

490
00:41:36,000 --> 00:36:30,000
I should just say there's the bad 
news consequence of local effect

491
00:36:30,000 --> 00:39:03,000
which it means that those who level 
rises more than you might have

492
00:39:03,000 --> 00:37:07,000
expected far away from you know I 
think there are some estimates

493
00:30:58,000 --> 00:41:59,000
that in North America,

494
00:41:59,000 --> 00:36:44,000
you might get 25% more than global 
average the level but when

495
00:32:25,000 --> 00:42:35,000
Northwest.

496
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:36,000
But what will have to go somewhere.

497
00:41:07,000 --> 00:37:38,000
Right now,

498
00:37:38,000 --> 00:38:31,000
some scientists including the Intergovernmental 
Panel on climate

499
00:40:01,000 --> 00:33:26,000
change suggest total sea level rise 
by 2100 may only be one meter

500
00:39:56,000 --> 00:30:19,000
others think that's a very 
conservative estimate,

501
00:30:19,000 --> 00:42:32,000
we might get that much from Antarctic 
melting alone plus what

502
00:26:43,000 --> 00:41:44,000
comes from the Arctic Roland Warren.

503
00:41:44,000 --> 00:38:25,000
What do you think.

504
00:32:56,000 --> 00:38:56,000
Yeah,

505
00:38:56,000 --> 00:26:53,000
it is you know finally unforgiving 
question the contribution,

506
00:26:53,000 --> 00:33:55,000
particularly from Antarctic ever trauma.

507
00:33:55,000 --> 00:41:05,000
I see.

508
00:42:25,000 --> 00:39:21,000
In general terms and global sea level 
rise the IPCC is as you say

509
00:39:21,000 --> 00:41:34,000
, coming up with numbers of the regardless 
comforted by also have

510
00:41:54,000 --> 00:32:35,000
to come up.

511
00:32:35,000 --> 00:34:08,000
Of course with what they think might 
happen under a whole range of

512
00:27:29,000 --> 00:34:13,000
of efforts and because of 
the immense scrutiny.

513
00:34:13,000 --> 00:38:59,000
The IPCC hands they do put a lot 
of effort into qualifying.

514
00:38:59,000 --> 00:39:24,000
What they mean by being uncertain 
about something and you know you

515
00:39:24,000 --> 00:27:28,000
can go and look at their tables and 
if they say very likely there

516
00:27:58,000 --> 00:32:42,000
meant he was such a such a probability 
percentage but when it came

517
00:34:52,000 --> 00:40:27,000
to Antarctica they they finally 
had to give up on that,

518
00:40:27,000 --> 00:33:12,000
and while I think that everybody 
collapse of these so called

519
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:17,000
marine sectors of Antarctic ice sheet 
if initiated could make fee

520
00:35:17,000 --> 00:27:52,000
level rise substantially above the 
unlikely range the best they

521
00:27:52,000 --> 00:35:35,000
could do was say this additional 
contribution would not exceed

522
00:39:45,000 --> 00:30:32,000
several tents ultimately tire during 
the 21st century now for be

523
00:31:52,000 --> 00:27:47,000
over weapons from listen carefully 
calibrated on for me in terms

524
00:28:27,000 --> 00:31:37,000
of,

525
00:31:37,000 --> 00:34:11,000
you know several tenths of a meter 
cover the everywhere from you

526
00:34:11,000 --> 00:35:24,000
know 20cm to the best part of a meter.

527
00:35:24,000 --> 00:37:40,000
So this really is the most uncertain 
contribution towards her long

528
00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:13,000
term 3 level prediction things like 
a federal expansion of the

529
00:37:43,000 --> 00:39:26,000
ocean pretty well on the 
controlling terms,

530
00:39:26,000 --> 00:42:36,000
you know,

531
00:42:36,000 --> 00:35:50,000
I think that for various different 
climate warming scenario now

532
00:38:10,000 --> 00:29:54,000
graces of often fairly hard to do 
at least and I thought we were

533
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:58,000
of the worst that can happen is they 
might eventually old me on,

534
00:31:58,000 --> 00:36:28,000
you know,

535
00:36:28,000 --> 00:44:42,000
one of that sort of analysis 
to Antarctica on Greenland.

536
00:44:42,000 --> 00:35:35,000
So we got a useful worst case scenario,

537
00:35:35,000 --> 00:29:30,000
because it tells you something like 
60 millions feeling harassed,

538
00:29:30,000 --> 00:44:22,000
which is certainly not going 
to happen any time soon,

539
00:44:22,000 --> 00:31:46,000
but it's also not a useful 
you know in member.

540
00:36:27,000 --> 00:28:58,000
Because,

541
00:28:58,000 --> 00:34:18,000
really,

542
00:34:18,000 --> 00:36:42,000
it's so shocking if would rearrange 
civilization altogether if we

543
00:36:42,000 --> 00:33:04,000
eventually get that much but as you say,

544
00:33:04,000 --> 00:31:36,000
we're talking at least in centuries.

545
00:35:49,000 --> 00:36:14,000
You're listening to shock radio 
before the world and.

546
00:41:24,000 --> 00:37:48,000
I'm Alex Smith get all their 
website shock.org.

547
00:40:01,000 --> 00:32:52,000
Don't forget,

548
00:32:52,000 --> 00:45:05,000
or a hot interview with proper garden 
wizard Marjorie Wilde is

549
00:45:05,000 --> 00:40:16,000
still to come.

550
00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:21,000
This is Radio Eco shock were talking 
with Australian Antarctic

551
00:39:41,000 --> 00:32:05,000
expert Dr. Roland Warner another 
complication difficult for

552
00:32:55,000 --> 00:30:28,000
non-scientist Dr. awarded to understand 
is the prediction that

553
00:31:08,000 --> 00:35:12,000
snowfall on Antarctica may actually 
increase with climate change.

554
00:35:12,000 --> 00:36:55,000
And even that may help speed 
glacier movement to the sea.

555
00:36:55,000 --> 00:31:57,000
Can you talk to us about that please.

556
00:29:48,000 --> 00:35:58,000
Yes,

557
00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:21,000
I think we certainly expect that 
the most think is not yet

558
00:38:01,000 --> 00:34:55,000
receiving the sort of squandering 
warming that's been so dramatic

559
00:36:15,000 --> 00:33:37,000
in the Antarctic Peninsula.

560
00:33:37,000 --> 00:45:30,000
And that may be partly due to 
slowly fighting other thing.

561
00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:54,000
From the of these on hold in Antarctica,

562
00:33:54,000 --> 00:45:58,000
which has tended to have an influence 
on on Antarctic climate but

563
00:29:49,000 --> 00:45:40,000
if the it image arises.

564
00:45:40,000 --> 00:35:23,000
It's still going to be very cold,

565
00:35:23,000 --> 00:39:57,000
but clearly warmer air can hold more 
moisture and everybody does

566
00:39:57,000 --> 00:39:00,000
expect that that's not 
fault when Antarctica.

567
00:39:00,000 --> 00:41:15,000
We will increase and part seems 
studies that suggest that that

568
00:38:46,000 --> 00:35:21,000
itself accelerates the 4 out of the ocean.

569
00:35:21,000 --> 00:44:45,000
I think that 30 increased 
melting of ourselves.

570
00:44:45,000 --> 00:33:47,000
It is likely to be enough.

571
00:33:47,000 --> 00:35:52,000
I'm eager think in that some 
of the studies the need.

572
00:35:52,000 --> 00:41:22,000
You know it.

573
00:41:22,000 --> 00:37:26,000
20 years ago so that you know if 
you think it's going to take out

574
00:39:16,000 --> 00:30:51,000
a thousand years to establish some 
new equilibrium then with do

575
00:30:51,000 --> 00:38:25,000
you get 2 meters or 3 meters of 
sea level rise from Antarctica

576
00:33:56,000 --> 00:41:49,000
would depend on whether you had 
factored in this compensating

577
00:45:19,000 --> 00:33:33,000
effect on of high rates of 
snowfall in Antarctica,

578
00:33:33,000 --> 00:38:45,000
because obviously so far the Antarctic,

579
00:38:45,000 --> 00:43:19,000
there is really nothing putting feel 
right away in the bank and it

580
00:45:29,000 --> 00:44:03,000
can take understood however that 
you start to flow back so it's

581
00:45:23,000 --> 00:35:46,000
certainly an important 
compensating effect,

582
00:35:46,000 --> 00:33:50,000
but I think the Democratic response 
really driven by the ocean is

583
00:34:20,000 --> 00:40:54,000
going to be that the biggest influence 
on Antarctic trying.

584
00:31:45,000 --> 00:36:25,000
Right.

585
00:36:25,000 --> 00:33:57,000
It's hard for people to 
understand that it's,

586
00:33:57,000 --> 00:31:20,000
it's not that the warming air temperatures 
going to melt he sings

587
00:31:20,000 --> 00:46:20,000
from above,

588
00:46:20,000 --> 00:41:14,000
it's at the hotter ocean reaching 
in is going to weaken them from

589
00:43:24,000 --> 00:31:25,000
below,

590
00:31:25,000 --> 00:39:35,000
isn't it.

591
00:39:35,000 --> 00:47:45,000
The story.

592
00:44:26,000 --> 00:36:28,000
That's certainly what we're seeing,

593
00:36:28,000 --> 00:39:31,000
particularly because some of the 
areas further but changing the

594
00:39:31,000 --> 00:44:15,000
most practically at the moment in 
the area of of Antarctica and so

595
00:44:15,000 --> 00:37:17,000
on in the Pacific Ocean,

596
00:37:17,000 --> 00:33:08,000
in the,

597
00:33:08,000 --> 00:40:42,000
on the I'm this is almost about as 
far south as you can actually

598
00:41:42,000 --> 00:48:02,000
find was.

599
00:37:13,000 --> 00:38:16,000
Before you actually bumping into 
Antarctica and you know it's

600
00:40:06,000 --> 00:44:57,000
there with it.

601
00:44:57,000 --> 00:40:51,000
Temperatures are still well although 
for you think that that we're

602
00:42:21,000 --> 00:36:14,000
seeing these these biggest changes 
and it is one of the places

603
00:36:14,000 --> 00:34:29,000
where we know that when the warm ocean 
currents circulate normally

604
00:35:29,000 --> 00:34:32,000
at some distance around 
Antarctica do manage,

605
00:34:32,000 --> 00:48:05,000
but by virtue of currents and the 
topography of them Continental

606
00:33:06,000 --> 00:37:46,000
Shelf,

607
00:37:46,000 --> 00:42:10,000
the new mines to come into all the 
here and certainly here so that

608
00:42:50,000 --> 00:45:40,000
the,

609
00:45:40,000 --> 00:33:43,000
the power of our ocean water.

610
00:33:43,000 --> 00:38:33,000
Well,

611
00:38:33,000 --> 00:42:23,000
sort of,

612
00:42:23,000 --> 00:45:13,000
that's,

613
00:45:13,000 --> 00:46:14,000
you know the risk for me,

614
00:46:14,000 --> 00:33:59,000
the effect all of warmer air temperature 
at least in the more

615
00:33:59,000 --> 00:41:54,000
northerly parts of Antarctica where 
temperature and from a mill

616
00:43:04,000 --> 00:32:59,000
things on the surface of these ice 
shelves is actually certainly

617
00:36:19,000 --> 00:34:44,000
playing a big role in the rather 
dramatic disintegration over the

618
00:34:44,000 --> 00:44:07,000
matter of a few weeks of a few 
ourselves in the Antarctic

619
00:45:37,000 --> 00:39:48,000
Peninsula.

620
00:39:48,000 --> 00:38:29,000
Back on them.

621
00:38:29,000 --> 00:43:40,000
I mean last century.

622
00:46:51,000 --> 00:34:02,000
Well,

623
00:34:02,000 --> 00:42:45,000
all along we've talked about West 
Antarctica and East Antarctica

624
00:42:45,000 --> 00:41:58,000
as though they were almost separate 
parts of the puzzle.

625
00:41:58,000 --> 00:41:41,000
Are there any generalizations 
you can give us about what is

626
00:41:41,000 --> 00:43:04,000
happening in these 2 halves 
compared to each other.

627
00:37:35,000 --> 00:33:06,000
Yeah,

628
00:33:06,000 --> 00:41:09,000
it's interesting that in some ways 
and they they do fit being

629
00:43:39,000 --> 00:39:23,000
described as if they were 
2 different worlds,

630
00:39:23,000 --> 00:41:07,000
the observational evidence we have 
fallen further Oval Office the

631
00:45:37,000 --> 00:41:11,000
Heisman tactics because we can 
actually directly made the

632
00:43:41,000 --> 00:35:57,000
disappearance of ice from space either 
by seeing the change in the

633
00:41:27,000 --> 00:35:59,000
fall of the ice surface,

634
00:35:59,000 --> 00:33:33,000
telling us that the eye soothing 
cinnamon falling off or by

635
00:33:33,000 --> 00:39:35,000
actually worryingly the from space.

636
00:39:35,000 --> 00:49:49,000
We can tell that within topic is 
where currently mostly action is

637
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:02,000
overall it is Antarctica,

638
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:35,000
very little change may be some 
slight overall increase,

639
00:39:35,000 --> 00:38:59,000
although this area around the Tottenham 
place is one of the hot

640
00:38:59,000 --> 00:42:59,000
spot.

641
00:47:49,000 --> 00:40:53,000
Fantastic areas that's the place 
with his most consistent I floss

642
00:40:53,000 --> 00:34:54,000
going on there,

643
00:34:54,000 --> 00:35:48,000
which is what the reasons we have 
interested but so in terms of

644
00:37:08,000 --> 00:46:39,000
the current response.

645
00:46:39,000 --> 00:35:32,000
This seems to be 2 separate worlds.

646
00:35:32,000 --> 00:46:52,000
However,

647
00:46:52,000 --> 00:39:23,000
what we,

648
00:39:23,000 --> 00:50:16,000
realizing as we discussed earlier 
is these parts of East

649
00:34:27,000 --> 00:38:51,000
Antarctica in terms of this very deep 
bedrock well below sea level

650
00:37:42,000 --> 00:43:16,000
channels can anything that out towards 
the new some of that is a

651
00:44:36,000 --> 00:40:11,000
lot more like West Antarctica in 
terms of its setting people

652
00:43:21,000 --> 00:35:16,000
previously thought they could well 
be that it's simply a matter of

653
00:41:46,000 --> 00:48:30,000
the response of the forcing and perhaps 
in East Antarctica in the

654
00:48:30,000 --> 00:38:51,000
future,

655
00:38:51,000 --> 00:44:25,000
we might see phenomenal wing of recognize 
from what we presently 3

656
00:47:35,000 --> 00:44:06,000
West Antarctica.

657
00:42:27,000 --> 00:41:01,000
Dr. Warner are we able to say whether 
in total Antarctica is

658
00:41:01,000 --> 00:36:35,000
losing mass staying the same 
or gaining ice mass.

659
00:45:45,000 --> 00:35:16,000
Yeah,

660
00:35:16,000 --> 00:34:30,000
it's very clearly losing harness 
and there's pretty good evidence

661
00:38:10,000 --> 00:50:23,000
for that rate of losses XL or anything 
that comes from the direct

662
00:34:54,000 --> 00:44:58,000
observation for growing putting 
the icing on on the sky often

663
00:48:48,000 --> 00:37:33,000
turning you know you're so that 
will often with Antarctic it

664
00:40:13,000 --> 00:37:07,000
without weighing flight increases 
a whole stability in East

665
00:37:07,000 --> 00:44:38,000
Antarctica.

666
00:44:38,000 --> 00:51:21,000
The experts think that in maybe another 
year of observations will

667
00:36:52,000 --> 00:45:36,000
be in a better position to sort out 
influence in that process of

668
00:37:17,000 --> 00:38:18,000
seasonal variations,

669
00:38:18,000 --> 00:45:38,000
if you like,

670
00:45:38,000 --> 00:43:20,000
particularly in snowfall,

671
00:43:20,000 --> 00:44:21,000
it's quite impressive.

672
00:44:21,000 --> 00:37:03,000
The talking from space.

673
00:37:03,000 --> 00:43:16,000
You can actually seeing this actually 
isn't very much is at the

674
00:44:06,000 --> 00:35:19,000
scene Greenland in Antarctica,

675
00:35:19,000 --> 00:43:32,000
but you can actually seeing Greenland 
the seasonal arrival of the

676
00:44:22,000 --> 00:47:35,000
big dumps of snow that come in the 
winter and the great a loss of

677
00:45:56,000 --> 00:43:47,000
over the summer,

678
00:43:47,000 --> 00:46:30,000
I mean it's actually that their 
annual cycle quite visible,

679
00:46:30,000 --> 00:44:53,000
you know if I think there is things 
are not quite clear because

680
00:51:53,000 --> 00:49:17,000
things are happening on Holmgren 
Earth's lower scale,

681
00:49:17,000 --> 00:42:11,000
but people I convinced that you know 
cutting observations longer

682
00:49:51,000 --> 00:49:56,000
will allow us through to sort out 
trends without the confusion of

683
00:39:57,000 --> 00:38:28,000
these variations.

684
00:50:08,000 --> 00:36:29,000
Well,

685
00:36:29,000 --> 00:43:22,000
the key question was sea level rises 
always when and we discussed

686
00:43:22,000 --> 00:40:33,000
this a little bit,

687
00:40:33,000 --> 00:37:37,000
but do we have enough science 
yet to really know how much

688
00:38:07,000 --> 00:48:50,000
Antarctica will add to the world's 
oceans during this century.

689
00:37:12,000 --> 00:40:12,000
No,

690
00:40:12,000 --> 00:47:32,000
we don't,

691
00:47:32,000 --> 00:46:17,000
it's actually 2 biggest unknown 
in trying to predict what sea

692
00:47:47,000 --> 00:43:02,000
level to expect and in fact the IPCC 
felt they couldn't even give

693
00:43:02,000 --> 00:41:06,000
you an opinion about how much of the 
response might vary according

694
00:41:06,000 --> 00:45:10,000
to what for the phone global warming 
practical trajectory we we

695
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:31,000
found ourselves on.

696
00:45:31,000 --> 00:50:52,000
So it's,

697
00:50:52,000 --> 00:45:05,000
it's quite serious on their own and 
the other thing about and how

698
00:45:05,000 --> 00:48:00,000
to his that is a lot of life there 
we finally passed on the fact

699
00:49:10,000 --> 00:51:05,000
that I see is sitting on this this 
well below sea level rock.

700
00:51:05,000 --> 00:39:10,000
One of the other complications several 
areas west Antarctica is

701
00:40:40,000 --> 00:49:01,000
for the paradigm for this.

702
00:49:01,000 --> 00:37:45,000
I guess the better just get a deeper 
and deeper and deeper as you

703
00:37:45,000 --> 00:38:09,000
go towards the interior of the 
ice sheet and so there is a

704
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:40,000
possibility.

705
00:38:40,000 --> 00:42:34,000
And in fact this part of the marine 
instability there is a

706
00:42:34,000 --> 00:37:58,000
prospect of if the grounding line 
is starting to move inland it'll

707
00:40:18,000 --> 00:42:22,000
just keep on going and it will 
continue to retrieve and you

708
00:42:22,000 --> 00:44:16,000
continue to lose a life until you 
finally managed to heavy rice

709
00:45:16,000 --> 00:45:40,000
sheep catch itself on some bedrock 
features and so on the state of

710
00:45:40,000 --> 00:47:52,000
Alaska have retreat process.

711
00:47:52,000 --> 00:42:55,000
So what sort of year they were centuries.

712
00:42:55,000 --> 00:48:40,000
This is rather uncertain and the 
prospect is good you can keep on

713
00:50:40,000 --> 00:47:44,000
giving and they could keep on giving 
even if we stabilize the

714
00:47:44,000 --> 00:48:36,000
world in some warmer started.

715
00:46:07,000 --> 00:47:21,000
Yes I think NASA so came out 
and said that the process is

716
00:47:21,000 --> 00:43:52,000
unstoppable.

717
00:38:53,000 --> 00:50:54,000
Yes the,

718
00:50:54,000 --> 00:42:35,000
the,

719
00:42:35,000 --> 00:45:48,000
and I think what's happening in this 
I'm I'm simply region with a

720
00:45:48,000 --> 00:39:13,000
couple of them being places they like 
white guys here is they feel

721
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:17,000
they've done enough on bedrock profiling 
there again using his

722
00:41:17,000 --> 00:40:31,000
high penetrating radar system to 
say they can't see any obvious.

723
00:44:01,000 --> 00:48:14,000
Neil anchor points that would 
stop further retreat,

724
00:48:14,000 --> 00:50:29,000
but has currently started so when 
the IPCC said market get more

725
00:51:59,000 --> 00:38:54,000
civil rights and we can't really 
quantify it if we start to

726
00:38:54,000 --> 00:53:28,000
initiate the citizenry nicely collapse it.

727
00:53:28,000 --> 00:52:41,000
It's possible always seeing the 
first stages and already.

728
00:54:32,000 --> 00:43:46,000
Please tell us about a couple of 
projects the Antarctic climate

729
00:43:46,000 --> 00:50:19,000
and ecosystems Cooperative Research 
Centre has on the go.

730
00:41:10,000 --> 00:42:22,000
Right will be that we just had,

731
00:42:22,000 --> 00:43:27,000
I think the renewed last year so 
we there so that they'll stall

732
00:43:57,000 --> 00:45:22,000
with what we think of the most pressing 
issues even part of the

733
00:45:22,000 --> 00:45:37,000
ecosystem area and so we have a major 
overarching projects on this

734
00:48:37,000 --> 00:41:01,000
ocean driven election of the Antarctic 
ice and Billy always

735
00:42:11,000 --> 00:47:41,000
matters.

736
00:47:41,000 --> 00:54:13,000
We've been talking about tonight.

737
00:54:13,000 --> 00:49:38,000
You know activities range from voyages 
with we had a voyage where

738
00:50:28,000 --> 00:42:49,000
they are right,

739
00:42:49,000 --> 00:45:52,000
that is ice breaker to the front of 
the Tottenham away if you know

740
00:45:52,000 --> 00:47:57,000
, and just this time January where 
they did actually verify the

741
00:47:57,000 --> 00:47:31,000
first time anybody's got this for 
the coming crop of Tottenham.

742
00:47:31,000 --> 00:52:21,000
If I.

743
00:50:23,000 --> 00:42:18,000
Pack I just 5 permanent captain was 
brave enough to try only and

744
00:42:58,000 --> 00:53:51,000
get some maintenance and so we 
do know that the warm water is

745
00:53:51,000 --> 00:49:25,000
actually arriving there at the front 
of the charity and with this

746
00:49:25,000 --> 00:48:58,000
work at just being published.

747
00:48:58,000 --> 00:53:18,000
Well,

748
00:53:18,000 --> 00:54:10,000
I should say time Damon 
Green down from them.

749
00:54:10,000 --> 00:41:05,000
University of Texas in Austin 
we now think that we can the

750
00:46:15,000 --> 00:39:49,000
channels by which water is gonna 
make its way onto the ice.

751
00:39:49,000 --> 00:43:29,000
So,

752
00:43:29,000 --> 00:55:02,000
the problem remains a major 
interest for us,

753
00:55:02,000 --> 00:41:38,000
we've already been doing most circulation 
more studies to try and

754
00:41:38,000 --> 00:52:11,000
explore how the ocean circulation 
moves underneath my shelves and

755
00:52:11,000 --> 00:40:16,000
also how the resulting water 
affects the external,

756
00:40:16,000 --> 00:45:30,000
and now that we've gone an improved 
picture of what the state

757
00:47:40,000 --> 00:50:31,000
underneath the problem looks like,

758
00:50:31,000 --> 00:56:15,000
but will be going back dramas again 
and the big step forward is to

759
00:56:15,000 --> 00:48:09,000
start coupling the dynamics of the 
ice shelves the flow of the

760
00:48:09,000 --> 00:43:03,000
ground and I behind with the ocean 
because on as if your melting

761
00:53:53,000 --> 00:49:18,000
the bottom of changing geometry of 
that that changes were talking

762
00:50:08,000 --> 00:52:18,000
with.

763
00:53:48,000 --> 00:43:01,000
You know he arrives and 
what was living in,

764
00:43:01,000 --> 00:41:44,000
we need to topple assistance together 
eventually that will become

765
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:38,000
part of in times of system model,

766
00:42:38,000 --> 00:41:42,000
we'll be doing more so they work 
with area geophysical surveys

767
00:48:52,000 --> 00:48:37,000
exploring them prices a bedrock 
and Antarctica we're used to be

768
00:48:37,000 --> 00:53:28,000
that talking on the phone.

769
00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:30,000
Part of the whole planet 
without them person,

770
00:53:30,000 --> 00:43:32,000
which is a the lapels,

771
00:43:32,000 --> 00:50:04,000
and we know what's some of 
these part of Antarctica.

772
00:50:04,000 --> 00:43:19,000
So that work will be continuing and 
we've also got film programs

773
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:23,000
homely namely myself this is extent 
I think biggest ice shelf in

774
00:48:03,000 --> 00:42:57,000
Antarctica is 3rd largest myself and 
we've had field program there

775
00:43:47,000 --> 00:51:10,000
with oceanographic instruments 
that were deployed by drilling

776
00:51:10,000 --> 00:45:24,000
through nearly a thousand meters 
of of ice shelf and appalling

777
00:45:24,000 --> 00:54:57,000
instruments in the ocean underneath 
enormous find out what's

778
00:54:57,000 --> 00:55:00,000
actually going on in these rather 
the inaccessible parts of the

779
00:56:40,000 --> 00:44:01,000
planet.

780
00:54:51,000 --> 00:53:13,000
You know what hearing you talk,

781
00:53:13,000 --> 00:44:07,000
it almost sounds like we're trying 
to discover some things about

782
00:45:47,000 --> 00:53:47,000
Mars.

783
00:53:47,000 --> 00:55:50,000
You know it's a mile deep beneath the ice,

784
00:55:50,000 --> 00:54:02,000
it's very difficult to peer around,

785
00:54:02,000 --> 00:57:12,000
we,

786
00:57:12,000 --> 00:54:54,000
we don't know a lot of things it.

787
00:54:54,000 --> 00:50:17,000
It's amazing that we're finding 
out as much as we do.

788
00:47:28,000 --> 00:54:08,000
Yeah,

789
00:54:08,000 --> 00:52:09,000
it's.

790
00:52:09,000 --> 00:57:29,000
But we,

791
00:57:29,000 --> 00:46:13,000
we thought that if I cap survey come 
Casey staging of us and say

792
00:46:13,000 --> 00:57:15,000
we don't have a thousand 
kilometers long and,

793
00:57:15,000 --> 00:52:38,000
back home on each flight there,

794
00:52:38,000 --> 00:54:19,000
there was an area where they were,

795
00:54:19,000 --> 00:52:25,000
maybe 2 ground based survey the of 
whole previous 50 years I had

796
00:53:25,000 --> 00:55:09,000
talking exploration and we would 
gather that stay there in an

797
00:55:09,000 --> 00:44:14,000
8-hour flight and Soviet with further 
citing it in there were

798
00:45:54,000 --> 00:49:45,000
still a few places,

799
00:49:45,000 --> 00:54:07,000
which we hope to get to where it.

800
00:43:28,000 --> 00:52:21,000
If you were a 15th century make 
you probably writing here be

801
00:54:11,000 --> 00:52:03,000
dragons vigorous,

802
00:52:03,000 --> 00:46:58,000
we still don't have had detailed 
bedrock there but sadly the map

803
00:47:38,000 --> 00:50:49,000
is is being filming.

804
00:44:30,000 --> 00:55:21,000
From Hobart Tasmania.

805
00:55:21,000 --> 00:45:25,000
We've been talking with Dr. Roland 
C Warner he's a researcher with

806
00:47:25,000 --> 00:46:29,000
Australia's Antarctic climate and 
ecosystems Cooperative Research

807
00:46:29,000 --> 00:54:50,000
Centre Dr. Roland.

808
00:54:50,000 --> 00:53:52,000
Thank you so much for sharing 
your time with us.

809
00:53:52,000 --> 00:55:43,000
I really appreciate it.

810
00:47:44,000 --> 00:42:55,000
There's been a blatant.

811
00:49:55,000 --> 00:55:37,000
I'm Alex Smith reporting for Radio Eco.

812
00:44:46,000 --> 00:50:59,000
We are back after the online grow 
your own food summit with the

813
00:50:59,000 --> 00:48:33,000
organizer Marjorie while Kraft Marjorie 
remind us just once again

814
00:49:33,000 --> 00:49:56,000
where you grow your food in the 
way you operate your homestead

815
00:49:56,000 --> 00:49:17,000
experiments.

816
00:54:47,000 --> 00:48:58,000
No,

817
00:48:58,000 --> 00:43:53,000
I actually I wasn't Central 
Texas and my homestead,

818
00:43:53,000 --> 00:54:53,000
is a resort.

819
00:56:43,000 --> 00:49:08,000
Center dedicated to finding systems 
and developing systems for you

820
00:49:08,000 --> 00:49:21,000
to be able to grow having your own 
food in a backyard cyberspace

821
00:58:01,000 --> 00:53:44,000
and less than an hour a 
day pretty tall order.

822
00:53:44,000 --> 00:51:35,000
But we're working on it.

823
00:47:46,000 --> 00:55:26,000
Last week,

824
00:55:26,000 --> 00:56:29,000
you talked about getting her husband 
and son on board with aqua

825
00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:04,000
panics is it necessary to have everybody 
in your family on board

826
00:45:04,000 --> 00:56:16,000
with this prep gardening style 
right from the get-go.

827
00:51:07,000 --> 00:43:18,000
No,

828
00:43:18,000 --> 00:49:48,000
in fact,

829
00:49:48,000 --> 00:54:09,000
I'd say that the vast.

830
00:55:59,000 --> 00:50:03,000
Majority of of people who will 
consider themselves peppers.

831
00:50:03,000 --> 00:48:37,000
They have a reluctant spouse or 
reluctant children and so they

832
00:49:37,000 --> 00:48:01,000
just you know go and do what they 
do anyway with growing your own

833
00:48:01,000 --> 00:58:51,000
food.

834
00:58:51,000 --> 00:44:16,000
What I would recommend is just get 
started and the family actually

835
00:44:46,000 --> 00:54:07,000
starts to get involved in it,

836
00:54:07,000 --> 00:50:00,000
one of the best ways to get them 
on board is when you're

837
00:50:20,000 --> 00:59:30,000
harvesting.

838
00:59:30,000 --> 00:58:04,000
That's one of the most delightful 
times especially with kids I got

839
00:59:24,000 --> 00:52:47,000
I can give you some of the best 
vegetables to grow for kids.

840
00:52:47,000 --> 00:45:20,000
It'll make can all must be out there 
in your yard treating it like

841
00:45:20,000 --> 00:46:01,000
a snack bar,

842
00:46:01,000 --> 00:49:11,000
you know,

843
00:49:11,000 --> 00:57:34,000
there's lot cherry tomatoes that 
grows so well in the summertime.

844
00:57:34,000 --> 00:56:57,000
Those kids will be out there fighting 
forum and in the cooler

845
00:56:57,000 --> 00:46:42,000
seasons those sugar snap peas are 
delicious were strawberries.

846
00:46:42,000 --> 00:52:22,000
You know,

847
00:52:22,000 --> 00:53:44,000
if you've got some really 
tasty food out there.

848
00:53:44,000 --> 00:59:06,000
Those kids will be out there playing 
with it and that's one way to

849
00:59:06,000 --> 00:53:10,000
get them involved with it without 
it even being proper saying

850
00:54:40,000 --> 01:00:10,000
grain.

851
00:48:31,000 --> 00:46:24,000
Tell us about your Aqua panic set 
up what have you done there.

852
00:56:44,000 --> 00:45:55,000
You know,

853
00:45:55,000 --> 00:54:15,000
we,

854
00:54:15,000 --> 00:45:20,000
we've built one and I believe it's 
like 30 feet long by about 12

855
00:47:00,000 --> 00:50:55,000
feet wide and it has 150 gallon 
fish tank and you know I had

856
00:52:05,000 --> 00:52:48,000
always initially avoided alcoholics 
because it's a little bit high

857
00:52:48,000 --> 00:50:22,000
tech you know it's going to involve 
motor motors and pumps and and

858
00:50:52,000 --> 00:46:35,000
and things like that which actually 
ended up being the attraction

859
00:46:35,000 --> 01:00:47,000
for my husband and my and that's 
the reason they like it is,

860
01:00:47,000 --> 00:59:09,000
it's kinda hard.

861
00:59:09,000 --> 00:48:02,000
I don't even impressed with those systems.

862
00:48:02,000 --> 00:55:13,000
They do require energy.

863
00:56:33,000 --> 00:48:27,000
You know you're gonna be needing 
some solar power wind power or

864
00:48:27,000 --> 00:49:50,000
the electrical grid which is another 
reason we had avoided it

865
00:52:00,000 --> 00:49:33,000
initially we were initially always 
developing our systems for

866
00:50:03,000 --> 00:46:08,000
Ingrid down or open that sustainability 
type of situation,

867
00:46:08,000 --> 00:57:29,000
but we ended up going with this,

868
00:57:29,000 --> 00:55:03,000
I I have to say that it is definitely 
easier to grow food in the

869
00:55:03,000 --> 00:58:34,000
Arc upon access tomorrow.

870
00:58:34,000 --> 00:54:19,000
Our first year of experiments are 
all that way it does require a

871
00:54:19,000 --> 00:54:33,000
little bit more watching for example 
that pump goes out your fish

872
00:54:33,000 --> 00:45:28,000
only have so long before they're 
gonna need oxygen and and die so

873
00:46:38,000 --> 00:50:48,000
it,

874
00:50:48,000 --> 00:57:30,000
it does need a little bit more 
monitoring like that,

875
00:57:30,000 --> 01:01:01,000
but on the other hand,

876
01:01:01,000 --> 01:00:44,000
it really is easier and part of that 
here in Central Texas it was

877
00:52:25,000 --> 00:51:46,000
protected from the wind.

878
00:51:46,000 --> 00:47:39,000
It was protected from extremes 
of heat and cold.

879
00:47:39,000 --> 00:49:22,000
You know the plants just grew better 
the fish created the waste

880
00:50:32,000 --> 00:55:14,000
that will said the plants and 
and it worked really well,

881
00:55:14,000 --> 00:59:14,000
it's a,

882
00:59:14,000 --> 00:57:45,000
it's a good system.

883
00:51:56,000 --> 00:55:39,000
You know it's canvas often closest 
Amin away but it is tricky and

884
00:55:39,000 --> 01:01:32,000
technical as you say I I've 
been avoiding it so far.

885
01:01:32,000 --> 00:46:26,000
Let's talk about perma culture that's 
another major contender for

886
00:47:56,000 --> 00:53:09,000
truly sustainable agriculture have 
you experimented with the food

887
00:53:09,000 --> 00:57:10,000
for and by the way,

888
00:57:10,000 --> 01:01:11,000
what is a food for us.

889
01:00:52,000 --> 00:50:16,000
Well I love food for us and I have 
to say this is my particular

890
00:52:26,000 --> 01:01:16,000
favorite.

891
01:01:56,000 --> 00:51:58,000
Way to grow food.

892
00:51:58,000 --> 01:01:12,000
The idea of a food forces you create 
an area that mimics nature in

893
01:01:12,000 --> 00:57:26,000
that you plant trees and bushes and 
vines and honorable way errors

894
00:57:26,000 --> 00:55:21,000
and every plant in there is edible 
or medicine or beneficial in

895
00:56:21,000 --> 01:01:13,000
some way and if you look at the forest.

896
01:01:13,000 --> 00:59:07,000
A 4th does not need any tending right 
you go to a pristine forest

897
01:00:37,000 --> 00:55:08,000
and the trees,

898
00:55:08,000 --> 01:01:41,000
there they drop their leaves their 
self marching you know they

899
01:02:21,000 --> 00:51:34,000
they've learned how to manage 
the water that comes to them.

900
00:51:34,000 --> 00:54:47,000
Naturally they don't need to be irrigated 
and they often you know

901
00:55:57,000 --> 00:50:20,000
there's still some production of 
food and animals and wildlife

902
00:53:00,000 --> 00:48:31,000
within it.

903
00:48:31,000 --> 00:47:04,000
So what we trying to do is create 
systems like that and then they

904
00:47:54,000 --> 00:54:27,000
get back and try to maybe had its 
with a little bit more benefit

905
00:55:47,000 --> 00:57:51,000
toward us there more investment 
in time getting up and started

906
00:58:41,000 --> 01:02:53,000
because a lot of your fruit and 
nut trees are not gonna start

907
00:48:04,000 --> 00:49:16,000
producing for 5 to 10 years.

908
00:49:16,000 --> 00:51:20,000
But once you get them established 
they're much much less work than

909
00:54:00,000 --> 00:51:51,000
annual gardens.

910
01:00:51,000 --> 00:53:45,000
We all know gardening can help seniors 
maintain their mental and

911
00:55:15,000 --> 00:53:29,000
physical health much longer but eventually 
we may not be able to

912
00:53:29,000 --> 01:01:50,000
handle the heavy work,

913
01:01:50,000 --> 00:53:14,000
how can we set up a garden to keep 
going with very little effort.

914
01:02:14,000 --> 00:49:35,000
Well,

915
00:49:35,000 --> 00:57:15,000
that's it.

916
00:57:15,000 --> 00:49:56,000
Exactly,

917
00:49:56,000 --> 00:57:19,000
that's why food Forrester such and 
it's it's a real retirement

918
00:57:19,000 --> 00:48:20,000
plan,

919
00:48:20,000 --> 00:51:51,000
unlike Social Security,

920
00:51:51,000 --> 00:53:33,000
which we never really know 
if that's come along.

921
00:53:33,000 --> 00:58:45,000
That's going to be a.

922
00:58:45,000 --> 00:50:19,000
So a real retirement plan is going 
to be to play at the food for

923
00:52:59,000 --> 00:55:12,000
store to plant a small orchard right now.

924
00:55:12,000 --> 01:00:12,000
Well,

925
01:00:12,000 --> 00:57:06,000
you've got the strength and energy 
to have that going and then you

926
00:57:06,000 --> 00:59:17,000
know in your later years.

927
00:59:17,000 --> 00:48:01,000
It's a lot easier to just harvest 
apples and it is to be planting

928
00:59:41,000 --> 00:56:43,000
doing all the work of the annual garden.

929
00:50:24,000 --> 00:56:47,000
Let's talk about prepping for past 
side built 2 big raised their

930
00:56:47,000 --> 00:56:30,000
heads out of some years lumber 
but I put a wire lying on the

931
00:56:30,000 --> 01:03:43,000
bottom to keep both the morals of 
seem to love by rich garden soil

932
01:03:43,000 --> 00:49:27,000
. What else can we do to encourage 
passed to stay out of the

933
00:49:27,000 --> 00:56:27,000
garden.

934
00:50:58,000 --> 00:56:08,000
Well,

935
00:56:08,000 --> 00:53:50,000
one thing is to have a more first.

936
00:58:10,000 --> 00:49:44,000
They have really good rich soil 
will help reduce your insect

937
00:53:34,000 --> 00:54:56,000
problems for more than golfers.

938
00:54:56,000 --> 01:01:06,000
Personally,

939
01:01:06,000 --> 00:57:49,000
I have a big problem that we have 
a lot of sand here and I've been

940
00:57:49,000 --> 00:48:24,000
experimenting with using castor beans 
as a mole repellent and of

941
00:49:14,000 --> 01:00:16,000
and I go forward talent and so far 
it seems to be working very

942
01:00:16,000 --> 00:53:41,000
well in fact Castro used to be 
known as as no go for plant.

943
00:53:41,000 --> 01:01:04,000
One of the realities of having beautiful 
food source like that as

944
01:01:04,000 --> 01:01:07,000
you are going to need to have some 
fencing or some protection from

945
01:03:47,000 --> 01:01:00,000
everything else that loves to eat 
your food like raccoons or

946
01:03:00,000 --> 00:52:42,000
squirrels or rabbits.

947
00:52:42,000 --> 01:02:04,000
So a good fence around your 
garden is just a reality.

948
01:01:05,000 --> 01:03:35,000
Well,

949
01:03:35,000 --> 00:59:49,000
our about 7 feet high and then we 
dangle little pieces of cloth

950
00:59:49,000 --> 00:48:33,000
and colored foil on the top of that 
to keep the deer from jumping

951
00:48:33,000 --> 00:52:43,000
in.

952
00:52:43,000 --> 00:51:26,000
But for the rest we always planned 
a little extra for all the

953
00:51:26,000 --> 00:57:58,000
creatures that are gonna 
eat out of your garden.

954
00:57:58,000 --> 00:59:59,000
Whether you like it or not.

955
00:49:30,000 --> 00:54:45,000
That's a very good practice we rely 
very heavily on 2 dogs to do a

956
00:54:45,000 --> 00:51:39,000
large part of the protection 
from the predators here,

957
00:51:39,000 --> 01:01:51,000
but one of the Dodgers' even really 
good at spotting overhead

958
01:03:41,000 --> 00:57:05,000
aerial hawks and Barking and letting 
everybody know when the Hawks

959
00:57:05,000 --> 00:54:59,000
are nearby and I find them invaluable 
they they work all night

960
01:00:09,000 --> 00:56:41,000
they mostly sleep all day.

961
00:56:41,000 --> 00:48:54,000
I don't see them very much because 
I give them the butchering

962
00:50:34,000 --> 01:04:06,000
scraps from when we do butchering 
and then they offered just get

963
01:04:36,000 --> 00:48:48,000
whatever table scraps.

964
00:48:48,000 --> 00:59:00,000
We don't need and then they they 
find what they can you know the

965
01:00:30,000 --> 00:50:44,000
bigger catcher rabbit here and there,

966
00:50:44,000 --> 01:04:16,000
so they don't really require a lot 
of input and they do a lot of

967
01:04:16,000 --> 00:53:37,000
work.

968
00:49:58,000 --> 00:55:31,000
When I was doing part time 
firming in eastern Canada.

969
00:55:31,000 --> 00:57:34,000
The only chemical are used as wrote 
known it's made from ground-up

970
00:58:44,000 --> 01:00:48,000
roots of a South American plant and 
Robert rodeo used it I had to

971
01:00:48,000 --> 01:03:31,000
use it for the Colorado potato beetle 
if you have a big planning a

972
01:03:31,000 --> 00:55:22,000
potatoes.

973
00:55:22,000 --> 01:05:23,000
We had the couple of acres,

974
01:05:23,000 --> 00:53:46,000
there's no way to squash 
all those bugs by hand.

975
00:53:46,000 --> 00:50:07,000
What do you think.

976
01:03:07,000 --> 00:52:38,000
You know,

977
00:52:38,000 --> 01:00:22,000
that's that's a lot of work to manage 
a couple of caterer this you

978
01:00:22,000 --> 00:50:36,000
know we all need to be used as much 
organic processors as possible

979
01:01:06,000 --> 00:53:50,000
the classic thing was something like 
a couple of acres of potatoes

980
01:03:20,000 --> 00:50:02,000
is to pay the kids.

981
00:50:02,000 --> 01:03:25,000
It used to be a penny bugs and you'd 
have them go through the rows

982
00:57:06,000 --> 01:05:38,000
and then they dump out bugs in the 
account and then you pay them

983
01:05:38,000 --> 00:57:42,000
that used to be the he to get rid 
of the goods but Colorado potato

984
01:00:02,000 --> 01:04:22,000
beetle.

985
01:02:53,000 --> 01:04:06,000
Could still work today if it gets 
a neighborhood kids going well

986
01:05:16,000 --> 01:00:27,000
last week.

987
01:00:27,000 --> 01:01:50,000
You talked about not needing refrigeration 
or freezers that we

988
01:01:50,000 --> 01:01:53,000
could just munch away through the 
fresh food season but I have to

989
01:02:43,000 --> 00:54:24,000
admit,

990
00:54:24,000 --> 00:59:17,000
there are times when we got so much 
food more that we could give

991
00:59:17,000 --> 00:51:41,000
away trade even that we needed to 
freeze some at least until we

992
00:51:41,000 --> 00:59:54,000
could catch up to our canning 
and drying I like adding a

993
00:59:54,000 --> 00:52:47,000
dehydration they don't depend 
on the grid staying up.

994
00:52:47,000 --> 01:04:57,000
What about you.

995
00:55:28,000 --> 00:50:59,000
I do too.

996
00:50:59,000 --> 01:04:32,000
As I'm not a huge proponent of 
that and fermentation also as

997
01:06:12,000 --> 00:56:36,000
another as another method of food storage,

998
00:56:36,000 --> 00:57:28,000
by the way at the homegrown food summit.

999
00:57:28,000 --> 00:59:22,000
We have one presentation by Kendra 
Lynn who'll be showing you how

1000
00:59:22,000 --> 01:04:06,000
to do water about caning and how to 
do pressure canning and what I

1001
01:04:56,000 --> 00:59:27,000
love about it is,

1002
00:59:27,000 --> 01:02:17,000
you know,

1003
01:02:17,000 --> 01:04:10,000
as some people have a fear of those 
big pressure because they are

1004
01:04:50,000 --> 01:05:23,000
these big intimidating things and 
there's the stories of them

1005
01:05:23,000 --> 01:06:24,000
blowing up and stuff,

1006
01:06:24,000 --> 01:03:55,000
right.

1007
01:03:55,000 --> 00:53:08,000
There's no longer a concern about 
they've built them there now

1008
00:55:18,000 --> 01:05:58,000
face.

1009
01:05:58,000 --> 01:06:29,000
But when you see Kendra.

1010
01:06:29,000 --> 00:57:43,000
Who is this flight and beautiful 
woman just handling that

1011
00:57:43,000 --> 01:03:07,000
machinery go I can do it and we also 
have already Hamann is going

1012
01:03:07,000 --> 00:52:21,000
to be doing a whole thing on how 
to how to preserve food by

1013
00:52:21,000 --> 00:52:05,000
fermentation as well as the health 
benefits turns up at that

1014
00:52:45,000 --> 00:52:59,000
fermented foods really help your 
gut bacteria and help you to

1015
00:54:49,000 --> 01:02:00,000
digest a lot better.

1016
01:02:00,000 --> 00:54:44,000
So some of these techniques are actually 
I can help increase the

1017
00:54:44,000 --> 01:00:46,000
nutrition content of the 
food you're eating.

1018
00:54:37,000 --> 01:00:10,000
Yeah warranties real gem we've 
had on radio shock and I still

1019
01:00:10,000 --> 01:00:43,000
check out her blog once a week and 
it's important to keep up with

1020
01:01:13,000 --> 01:00:56,000
that one of my goals is 
to build a solar dryer.

1021
01:00:56,000 --> 00:55:47,000
Do you have one.

1022
01:04:07,000 --> 00:51:42,000
We do I used a model based on its 
side believe it's Appalachian

1023
00:52:42,000 --> 00:51:56,000
State University created this model 
there's there's lots of other

1024
00:51:56,000 --> 01:05:09,000
ones out there and it has worked really 
really well now we do tend

1025
01:05:09,000 --> 00:59:11,000
to be a bit drier here in Texas,

1026
00:59:11,000 --> 01:02:24,000
but I found that that model even 
worked well during the summer's

1027
00:53:25,000 --> 00:54:39,000
the times when we had a wet period 
that is definitely a technique

1028
00:54:39,000 --> 00:53:52,000
for the poor on preserving 
food that's a very useful.

1029
01:00:22,000 --> 01:01:15,000
Farmers around here used to throw 
their pitches up on a Hot Tin

1030
01:01:15,000 --> 00:52:19,000
Roof on one of their shepherds and 
solar dried them that way and

1031
00:52:19,000 --> 01:06:49,000
it did work.

1032
01:06:49,000 --> 00:51:53,000
Now let me ask you do you let 
chickens interior garden.

1033
01:02:43,000 --> 01:03:35,000
On rare occasions I do.

1034
00:53:56,000 --> 00:59:29,000
One example was one time my sweet 
potato showed up with these

1035
01:02:39,000 --> 01:00:42,000
strange looking little beetles 
that had a shiny.

1036
01:00:42,000 --> 00:53:05,000
It was almost what by chrome shell.

1037
00:53:05,000 --> 00:54:16,000
I have no idea what they were,

1038
00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:38,000
they were and alien Beatles.

1039
00:54:38,000 --> 01:00:28,000
You know,

1040
01:00:28,000 --> 01:08:10,000
normally when I see an insect 
outbreak like that I think

1041
00:53:21,000 --> 00:59:23,000
immediately that my plants are 
stressed and they need some

1042
01:01:13,000 --> 00:56:16,000
nutrients you know some some some 
sort of nutrient thing and I'll

1043
00:56:56,000 --> 00:53:27,000
try to get them,

1044
00:53:27,000 --> 00:58:17,000
you know,

1045
00:58:17,000 --> 01:00:50,000
liquid seaweed or some homemade 
compost or something.

1046
01:00:50,000 --> 01:06:42,000
But in the short term immediate 
what I do that.

1047
01:06:42,000 --> 01:08:56,000
The chickens in there and chickens 
are naturally insect they love

1048
00:59:27,000 --> 01:09:00,000
insects first but I watch them innocent 
of their gun getting all

1049
00:52:51,000 --> 00:57:12,000
the insects then you wanna kick'em

1050
00:57:12,000 --> 00:58:14,000
out of the garden because then they'll 
start scratching up the

1051
00:58:14,000 --> 00:59:55,000
rest of your pricing ads.

1052
01:02:45,000 --> 00:55:16,000
I do,

1053
00:55:16,000 --> 00:53:00,000
they will scratch about so aren't 
that after all your YouTube

1054
00:54:50,000 --> 00:52:54,000
videos your best selling grow your 
own groceries course that you

1055
00:53:54,000 --> 00:52:46,000
hear from gardeners all over the world.

1056
00:52:46,000 --> 00:58:16,000
Do you.

1057
01:04:46,000 --> 01:04:30,000
We don't know and we have a very 
active network of people they

1058
01:06:10,000 --> 00:57:11,000
contribute.

1059
00:58:01,000 --> 00:59:33,000
Things that they're discovering 
in there that that they're

1060
01:00:13,000 --> 00:58:36,000
learning and we're very excited 
about that and want to develop

1061
01:00:16,000 --> 01:05:00,000
that further well actually creating 
also a network of places just

1062
01:05:50,000 --> 00:59:03,000
like our place where we're doing 
research on different ways to

1063
00:59:03,000 --> 01:03:46,000
grow food other places that are doing 
that are starting to become

1064
01:04:46,000 --> 00:55:40,000
network together and sharing results 
and making it available to

1065
00:55:40,000 --> 01:06:24,000
them to everybody really I feel Alex 
this solution is gonna come

1066
01:07:14,000 --> 00:54:27,000
from you and for me and from,

1067
00:54:27,000 --> 01:06:10,000
you know I mean anybody even hardly 
an example Leslie Leslie

1068
01:06:10,000 --> 01:02:44,000
Parsons works still works full 
time and she only has a small

1069
01:02:44,000 --> 01:00:55,000
garden.

1070
01:00:55,000 --> 01:00:38,000
She's very passionate about Squire 
should about 2 hundred square

1071
01:00:38,000 --> 00:55:21,000
foot garden and so she's been doing 
all these experiments were

1072
00:57:31,000 --> 00:57:44,000
squash she's come up with a couple 
of varieties that are resistant

1073
00:59:44,000 --> 00:53:58,000
of the squash vine borer which is 
a horrible problem for people

1074
00:59:08,000 --> 01:06:11,000
and squash is such a good 
important calorie crop.

1075
01:06:11,000 --> 01:05:25,000
So you know she's only doing this 
part time in a 200ft² garden.

1076
01:05:25,000 --> 01:00:37,000
She has done really,

1077
01:00:37,000 --> 01:10:20,000
really valuable research on of 
a crop that's resistant to the

1078
01:10:20,000 --> 01:08:23,000
squash vine borer which is hugely 
important to the rest of us

1079
00:58:04,000 --> 01:08:27,000
she's publishing that work on our 
our blog and making it available

1080
01:08:27,000 --> 01:03:10,000
to other people and creating a 
whole discussion about it now.

1081
01:03:10,000 --> 00:55:33,000
Other people are trying it and duplicating 
our work and getting

1082
00:57:13,000 --> 01:06:54,000
feedback to her.

1083
01:06:54,000 --> 01:05:06,000
This is how it's gonna happen.

1084
01:05:06,000 --> 01:04:08,000
Monsanto is not here to help us,

1085
01:04:08,000 --> 01:01:50,000
the USDA is not here to help us.

1086
01:01:50,000 --> 00:54:32,000
Unfortunately our own government.

1087
00:54:32,000 --> 01:00:13,000
While it does try.

1088
01:00:13,000 --> 01:04:06,000
It's actually still we we controlled 
by the big companies.

1089
01:04:06,000 --> 01:03:59,000
This is gonna be a problem that can 
only be solved by you and me

1090
01:03:59,000 --> 01:04:42,000
and by individuals and neighbors 
working together and that's the

1091
01:04:42,000 --> 00:55:47,000
whole reason for for what I do is 
working at this grassroots level

1092
01:01:27,000 --> 00:55:51,000
of coming up with real solutions 
for you to create your own food

1093
00:55:51,000 --> 01:05:41,000
and medicine.

1094
00:58:02,000 --> 01:08:25,000
What would you say the number one 
concern people razor or the

1095
00:54:36,000 --> 00:55:10,000
block that prevents them in their 
own minds from getting going on

1096
00:55:50,000 --> 01:03:31,000
growing their own groceries.

1097
00:58:22,000 --> 01:05:55,000
I think most people think that it's 
gonna be a lot of work and

1098
01:05:55,000 --> 01:00:08,000
they're not going to get much 
production out of it.

1099
01:00:08,000 --> 00:58:22,000
It's also were also such an instant 
gratification such high if it

1100
01:05:52,000 --> 01:07:06,000
take my son can with barbed work 
on a guitar and look at the Xbox

1101
01:07:06,000 --> 00:56:28,000
and like in 5 minutes.

1102
00:56:28,000 --> 01:00:02,000
He's a rock star okay with with that 
then and I just doesn't have

1103
01:00:02,000 --> 01:10:05,000
. And in the garden things take 
2 to 3 months to mature.

1104
01:10:05,000 --> 00:55:11,000
So it's adjusting to life style that's 
actually more human scale

1105
01:00:11,000 --> 00:56:13,000
is a pretty big block.

1106
00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:14,000
I would say though,

1107
00:56:14,000 --> 00:57:07,000
that's probably one of the things 
you're most Hungarian for in

1108
00:57:07,000 --> 01:07:37,000
your life.

1109
00:59:48,000 --> 00:57:01,000
You know it's strange a start following 
your heart into something

1110
00:57:01,000 --> 01:01:34,000
as you did with personal food growing 
and I could also call that

1111
01:02:14,000 --> 01:09:25,000
personal liberty,

1112
01:09:25,000 --> 00:55:29,000
then you teacher communicate you 
connect a normal suddenly you

1113
00:56:59,000 --> 01:00:41,000
Marjorie while Kraft have 
become kind of a,

1114
01:00:41,000 --> 00:55:43,000
a one-woman movement on your own.

1115
00:55:43,000 --> 01:08:33,000
Isn't it strange.

1116
01:02:24,000 --> 01:06:45,000
It is it,

1117
01:06:45,000 --> 01:11:48,000
it's only a review as about this week.

1118
01:11:48,000 --> 01:11:11,000
15 years ago our view to told me 
what I will girl what I'd be

1119
00:55:42,000 --> 01:11:54,000
doing Iacocca where have no no no,

1120
01:11:54,000 --> 01:10:27,000
or you know you know life 
is amazing adventures a.

1121
01:05:20,000 --> 01:09:20,000
Well,

1122
01:09:20,000 --> 00:59:14,000
I want to take your DVD course what's 
in it and why does it cost.

1123
01:07:24,000 --> 01:11:58,000
Well know said it's it's 2 DVDs 
and then it includes a CD-ROM

1124
00:56:19,000 --> 01:03:02,000
that's a whole library of documents 
to support it and I,

1125
01:03:02,000 --> 01:05:42,000
one,

1126
01:05:42,000 --> 01:08:25,000
it's basically like me taken you 
by the hand and taking you

1127
01:09:45,000 --> 01:03:40,000
through my homestead here and showing 
you how I grow food and I'm

1128
01:04:30,000 --> 01:07:50,000
like,

1129
01:07:50,000 --> 01:00:21,000
you know.

1130
01:00:21,000 --> 01:02:44,000
Here's the water tanks were set 
up to catch rainwater and oh by

1131
01:02:44,000 --> 01:10:26,000
the way we overbuilt it 
it was a huge mistake.

1132
01:10:26,000 --> 01:01:50,000
Please don't make it this big and 
then he a place where we started

1133
01:02:50,000 --> 01:08:52,000
a garden and here's another place 
we started a garden and these

1134
01:08:52,000 --> 01:04:35,000
are the reasons why those gardens 
totally sucked in failed.

1135
01:04:35,000 --> 00:57:29,000
But here's where we put our other 
garden and this is working,

1136
00:57:29,000 --> 01:03:11,000
and here's the gardening method 
that years because this is the

1137
01:03:11,000 --> 01:06:03,000
most efficient one and I've 
tried all these other ones,

1138
01:06:03,000 --> 01:10:16,000
but this is the one that I really 
like and here's where I keep the

1139
01:10:16,000 --> 01:08:59,000
rabbits and I put them right here 
next to the garden because

1140
01:08:59,000 --> 01:09:12,000
outweigh their fertility can help 
me and it's real simple and easy

1141
01:09:12,000 --> 01:02:43,000
to do this.

1142
01:02:43,000 --> 01:03:14,000
This way,

1143
01:03:14,000 --> 01:10:26,000
and here's my flock of chickens 
and here's the reason I have'em

1144
01:10:26,000 --> 00:58:39,000
like this and here's the dogs and oh,

1145
00:58:39,000 --> 01:00:10,000
look at this is the size.

1146
01:01:50,000 --> 01:08:04,000
And you really need to keep this 
out of the garden right and

1147
01:09:14,000 --> 01:04:17,000
here's my orchard and all the 
experiments with the trees.

1148
01:04:17,000 --> 01:11:37,000
We've done.

1149
01:11:37,000 --> 01:04:10,000
And this is why these died in of lived in,

1150
01:04:10,000 --> 01:06:33,000
you know I just take you and show 
you everything that I go through

1151
01:08:43,000 --> 01:11:16,000
ND and in even the maturing 
process viewers how you,

1152
01:11:16,000 --> 01:07:20,000
but your rabbit and here's how you 
butchered chicken India is what

1153
01:08:10,000 --> 01:10:52,000
you do with all the parts 
of those animals.

1154
01:10:52,000 --> 01:00:33,000
That's it.

1155
01:00:33,000 --> 00:58:34,000
It's really,

1156
00:58:34,000 --> 01:07:17,000
you know to 2 videos that they chose 
you all those components and

1157
01:07:17,000 --> 01:10:59,000
then again that library 
the resource library.

1158
01:10:59,000 --> 01:12:01,000
So you know I talk about a rainwater 
collection system.

1159
01:12:01,000 --> 01:04:44,000
We have a whole rainwater collection 
system e-book in their own

1160
01:05:14,000 --> 01:03:26,000
how to how to build one.

1161
01:03:26,000 --> 00:59:58,000
I talk about you know butchering a rabbit.

1162
00:59:58,000 --> 01:01:32,000
And then we have a whole article 
on how to channel rabbit hides

1163
01:02:02,000 --> 01:01:35,000
that we'll be able to use those effectively 
or you know we've got

1164
01:02:15,000 --> 01:05:20,000
5 different PDF different ways to 
compost fertility so important.

1165
01:05:20,000 --> 00:58:22,000
So that's what it's,

1166
00:58:22,000 --> 01:10:22,000
it's all about,

1167
01:10:22,000 --> 01:09:55,000
it's a grow your own groceries.com 
and its$37

1168
01:10:55,000 --> 01:07:19,000
for the 4th but I tell you what I'd 
really recommend you go to the

1169
01:07:19,000 --> 01:07:23,000
home-grown food summit and watch 
that presentation I have on how

1170
01:07:23,000 --> 01:10:06,000
to grow half year on food in your 
backyard in less than an hour a

1171
01:10:06,000 --> 01:07:27,000
day.

1172
01:07:27,000 --> 01:00:51,000
Take a look at that and say you know 
that'll really inspire you do

1173
01:01:31,000 --> 01:01:32,000
that you could do this,

1174
01:01:32,000 --> 01:03:25,000
you can get their systems up and 
running in about 6 months and be

1175
01:05:25,000 --> 01:04:39,000
producing half your own food in 
less than an hour a day by next

1176
01:04:39,000 --> 01:08:09,000
year.

1177
01:02:00,000 --> 01:12:53,000
I'd love to do it now Marjorie what 
will your next project be or

1178
01:00:44,000 --> 01:04:05,000
is it too soon to tell.

1179
01:14:35,000 --> 01:09:16,000
Well,

1180
01:09:16,000 --> 01:11:39,000
we've got a lot of irons in the 
fire and after this summit,

1181
01:11:39,000 --> 01:11:42,000
we're going to look at what 
will have the most impact,

1182
01:11:42,000 --> 01:02:37,000
to be able to have more home-grown 
food on every table,

1183
01:02:37,000 --> 01:02:50,000
we're looking at doing some stuff 
in partnership with Mike Adams

1184
01:02:50,000 --> 01:09:33,000
of the natural news and possibly 
working on some developing some

1185
01:11:13,000 --> 01:08:56,000
programs to get local food into schools.

1186
01:08:56,000 --> 01:10:37,000
We've got a whole,

1187
01:10:37,000 --> 01:07:50,000
you know I don't also developing 
that network of research

1188
01:12:40,000 --> 01:05:12,000
organizations.

1189
01:05:12,000 --> 01:04:23,000
There's a lot on the table,

1190
01:04:23,000 --> 01:08:54,000
we haven't yet figured that out.

1191
00:58:45,000 --> 01:07:47,000
We've been talking with Marjorie 
while craft of grow your own

1192
01:07:47,000 --> 01:10:31,000
groceries.com her DVD Guide to Growing 
in your own backyard is a

1193
00:59:02,000 --> 01:07:52,000
bestseller,

1194
01:07:52,000 --> 01:14:25,000
her free YouTube videos and growing 
your own food a really popular

1195
01:02:36,000 --> 01:00:09,000
and Marjorie recently organized 
the biggest online summit

1196
01:02:39,000 --> 01:14:12,000
dedicated to growing homegrown food 
I'll be putting links to all

1197
01:14:12,000 --> 01:08:36,000
of that in my shell blog equal 
shot.info Marjorie.

1198
01:08:36,000 --> 01:05:08,000
Thank you so much for helping all of us.

1199
01:03:49,000 --> 01:09:29,000
Alex.

1200
01:09:29,000 --> 01:09:50,000
Thanks for having they are.

1201
01:09:50,000 --> 01:10:21,000
I really appreciate it.

1202
01:00:52,000 --> 01:14:14,000
I'm Alex Smith reporting 
for Radio Eco Shah.

1203
01:11:18,000 --> 01:13:01,000
I'm dropping my own garden right 
now with raised beds,

1204
01:13:01,000 --> 01:12:25,000
a better compost bin nets for the 
raspberries and 80 inches of

1205
01:12:25,000 --> 01:00:57,000
mulch all around.

1206
01:00:57,000 --> 01:05:11,000
Find all our past programs as MP3 
downloads at our website eco

1207
01:05:11,000 --> 01:09:12,000
shark.org.

1208
01:09:12,000 --> 00:59:36,000
Don't forget to follow up on links 
for this week show in my weekly

1209
00:59:36,000 --> 01:09:50,000
blog published Wednesday that it shock.info 
or listen to the sound

1210
01:09:50,000 --> 01:02:45,000
card page had sown cloud.com/Radio 
Eco shock.

1211
01:02:45,000 --> 01:05:26,000
I'm a locksmith.

1212
01:05:26,000 --> 01:12:59,000
Thank you for listening and I hope 
we will get together again next