1
00:00:00,870 --> 00:00:04,350
We're going on a journey.

2
00:00:05,400 --> 00:00:12,340
This video depicts billion years of time unfolding 
on a 10 minute scale - from to Big Bang to today.

3
00:00:13,840 --> 00:00:17,590
Every passing second represents
22 million years.

4
00:00:18,300 --> 00:00:23,490
On this scale, humans do not appear 
until the last fraction of second.

5
00:00:24,050 --> 00:00:25,160
The universe begins in 5...

6
00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:25,970
The universe begins in 4...

7
00:00:25,980 --> 00:00:26,980
The universe begins in 3...

8
00:00:26,980 --> 00:00:28,075
The universe begins in 2...

9
00:00:28,075 --> 00:00:29,120
The universe begins in 1...

10
00:00:40,480 --> 00:00:42,445
In those first dazzling moments,

11
00:00:43,195 --> 00:00:47,000
space itself exploded in a 
burst of radiant energy.

12
00:00:57,640 --> 00:01:02,000
The newborn universe began
to expand, and cool.

13
00:01:06,719 --> 00:01:12,719
For hundreds of millions of year the force of gravity slowly drew matter together into a gigantic web,

14
00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:16,700
the architecture of the cosmos.

15
00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:29,000
Clouds of gas and dust condensed like giant water drops along the cosmic strands

16
00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:31,799
and formed galaxies.

17
00:01:44,720 --> 00:01:47,500
Neighboring galaxies trapped by their mutual gravity,

18
00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:51,000
draw together in a fantastic collision.

19
00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:10,500
In real time it would last a billion years,

20
00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:23,000
the force of gravity strips long tales of gas and stars from the huge new galaxy.

21
00:02:38,139 --> 00:02:43,539
As it evolves the universe passes through distinct eras,

22
00:02:44,500 --> 00:02:48,400
vast ages with beginnings and endings

23
00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:51,500
are marked by unique milestones:

24
00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:56,925
the births and deaths of its wonders.

25
00:03:02,235 --> 00:03:06,800
We're the product of a grand evolutionary sequence.

26
00:03:06,965 --> 00:03:07,965
Cosmic evolution.

27
00:03:08,465 --> 00:03:11,305
About which we are only occasionally aware.

28
00:03:20,479 --> 00:03:23,840
We encounter our own galaxy, the Milky Way.

29
00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:33,140
In it, stars are formed, and some have died.

30
00:03:39,300 --> 00:03:43,800
Here, a red giant star is slowly being consumed.

31
00:03:45,639 --> 00:03:49,199
Its gases swirling to the depths of a black hole.

32
00:04:05,400 --> 00:04:11,500
The immense gravitational pull of these monsters can rip a star apart,

33
00:04:15,500 --> 00:04:19,980
they tear matter from its surface, and drag it into orbit,

34
00:04:26,634 --> 00:04:31,000
this super-heated matter spins around the mouth of the black hole,

35
00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:34,665
and great jets of radiation fire from the core.

36
00:04:40,875 --> 00:04:44,300
Although these jets can be seen across the cosmos,

37
00:04:44,500 --> 00:04:47,399
the core itself remains a mystery.

38
00:04:50,055 --> 00:04:52,775
Not even light can escape,

39
00:04:52,975 --> 00:04:56,300
so their interior is forever hidden from us.

40
00:05:04,735 --> 00:05:07,514
Stars are nuclear furnaces,

41
00:05:08,175 --> 00:05:10,699
they shine until they use up their fuel.

42
00:05:14,125 --> 00:05:17,134
Massive stars end explosively.

43
00:05:36,199 --> 00:05:40,800
These exploding stars send out the elements of life:

44
00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:42,600
the oxygen we breath

45
00:05:42,764 --> 00:05:44,199
the carbon in our muscles,

46
00:05:44,399 --> 00:05:46,000
the iron in our blood.

47
00:05:49,500 --> 00:05:56,000
These are new stars, forming from the elements blown out by supernova explosions.

48
00:05:58,115 --> 00:06:00,400
New stars being born,

49
00:06:00,399 --> 00:06:03,394
from the remains of dead ones.

50
00:06:05,134 --> 00:06:09,399
And it's from this universal process of death, and rebirth

51
00:06:09,399 --> 00:06:11,000
that we emerged.

52
00:06:12,735 --> 00:06:15,000
Because it was in a nebula just like this

53
00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:16,975
5 billion years ago

54
00:06:18,605 --> 00:06:19,925
that our Sun was formed.

55
00:06:27,615 --> 00:06:33,400
Now a cloud of cosmic gas sprinkled with these elements comes together with the grip of gravity.

56
00:06:37,605 --> 00:06:41,800
A star was born, that would come to be known, as the Sun.

57
00:06:52,444 --> 00:06:55,399
Around it, a network of planets formed,

58
00:06:57,064 --> 00:06:59,399
among them, was the Earth.

59
00:07:01,500 --> 00:07:07,800
In their infancy, our Earth and Moon were bombarded constantly by cosmic dust,

60
00:07:08,305 --> 00:07:09,305
asteroids,

61
00:07:10,500 --> 00:07:11,954
and comets.

62
00:07:27,884 --> 00:07:29,599
With violent impacts

63
00:07:29,615 --> 00:07:32,735
and potent ultra-violet radiation from the Sun

64
00:07:33,285 --> 00:07:36,600
the young Earth was a very hostile world.

65
00:07:37,600 --> 00:07:40,800
The land was dominated by volcanoes

66
00:07:42,199 --> 00:07:44,000
hostile and lifeless.

67
00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:51,800
But deep in the oceans, life had begun.

68
00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:06,500
The latest theory is that chemicals, spewing from underwater volcanic vents

69
00:08:06,500 --> 00:08:09,199
solidified and created the conditions needed

70
00:08:09,199 --> 00:08:11,000
for the first cells to form.

71
00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:28,500
For some 3 billion years

72
00:08:28,500 --> 00:08:31,000
simple, microscopic organisms

73
00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:34,799
were the most advanced 
form of life on the planet.

74
00:08:40,259 --> 00:08:44,319
Some, called blue-green bacteria

75
00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:47,500
slowly released tiny bubbles of oxygen

76
00:08:47,684 --> 00:08:51,699
and profoundly changed the atmosphere.

77
00:08:56,115 --> 00:09:00,000
Some of this oxygen formed a thin layer of ozone

78
00:09:00,044 --> 00:09:03,214
blocking most of the Suns ultra-violet rays.

79
00:09:05,774 --> 00:09:08,000
In this changed environment

80
00:09:08,325 --> 00:09:11,500
new organisms flourished in the Earths waters.

81
00:09:16,500 --> 00:09:20,200
Colonies of green algae produced more oxygen.

82
00:09:37,985 --> 00:09:40,500
Just before complex life appeared,

83
00:09:40,524 --> 00:09:45,000
the world was in the grip of the biggest 
ice age in its entire history.

84
00:09:57,980 --> 00:10:01,500
Then organisms evolved an
astonishing variety of forms.

85
00:10:32,527 --> 00:10:38,797
Timelapse of the Entire Universe