WEBVTT

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This weekend,

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South Africans all over the world

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are celebrating twenty years 
of our democracy.

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Excuse-me if I get a little emotional,

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because I'm celebrating with you.

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I'm not back home, 
with my friends and my team,

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but I'm here with you today,

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and I hope all of you will celebrate

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our twenty years of democracy.

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(Applause)

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When I was a teenager, 
twenty years ago,

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my sister and I, on this very day,

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were preparing, very busily, 
a lot of food

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for the thousands of people that were 
going to be casting their vote

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for the first time 
in South Africa's history,

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the first time hundreds 
and thousands of South Africans

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were going to vote.

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And 67% of South Africa's 
voting population

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voted for Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela,

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fondly known to us as Madiba.

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I met Madiba soon after he became 
president of South Africa.

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I met him at Chief Albert Lutuli's house, 
in Groutville.

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I lived close by.

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And we talked about travel.

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We talked about his favourite food,

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which is beans, by the way.

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And we talked about me 
wanting to be a designer,

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and he told me about him studying law.

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He said to me that it was 
very important for him to study law

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and to know everything about it,

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so he could change it for South Africa.

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And so, as I grew older,

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I started to reflect on this time 
with Mandela,

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because he also told me -- which I didn't 
quite understand at the time,

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because I thought we were a free nation,

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back then, in 1994 --

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but he reminded me,

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he said that a lot of work 
still needed to be done.

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And he said, "You wanted to be a designer?

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We need designers.

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We need so many people 
to do so much more."

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Because he was saying to me 
that our democracy

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was only a part of the journey to freedom.

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I didn't understand it then.

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And so, recently, I've been 
reflecting a lot about this,

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about what he meant.

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And I started to think about 
what I do with my life,

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and how I've been...

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maybe, what sacrifices have I been making?

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You know, Madiba made so many sacrifices,

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alongside so many other people.

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And I wondered, what was I doing?

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And so, when he died, last December,

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I started to think 
about everything in my life:

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my personal relationships, my work.

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And I often would say to myself,

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even in my darkest hour:

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"What would Madiba do?"

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You know, I come from a family 
that is a bit of a mixed bag.

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We lived in tropical KwaZulu-Natal,

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which is the province 
on the North East coast,

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North East of South Africa.

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I come from a small town,

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and my mom is Persian,

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and her mom is from Rangoon, in Burma.

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And she's got flaming red hair,

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a freckled face and amber eyes.

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And my dad, he's South African 
of Indian descent.

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His family has been in South Africa 
for four generations.

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In our home, we spoke Gujarathi, 
and English, and isiZulu,

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and we recited poetry in Arabic and Urdu.

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So, we had a very colourful life.

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Our home was very colourful, 
it was loud, full of debates,

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and singing, and prayer.

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And it was a happy childhood.

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But outside, I knew that we were living 
a time of apartheid,

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which was dark and gloomy.

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It was a very ugly time in South Africa.

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And I became aware, as a young girl, 
about apartheid,

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because we were living 
in the Southern tip of Africa,

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but I had to live in an Indians-only area,

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and I had to go to an Indians-only school.

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And every day, every moment, 
we had to classify ourselves,

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we had to fill out forms,

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always justifying who we were.

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And we had these forms that were

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"Engli..." Excuse-me,

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"White", "Black", "Indian" and "Coloured".

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And, sometimes, there would be "Other".

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And I always ticked the "Other".

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My dad was very frustrated.

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And my dad loved to fish, you know.

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He was quite a fisherman,

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and so, we spent 
a lot of time on the beach.

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We lived close to the Indian Ocean.

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And I used to join my dad.

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I don't think I was of any use,

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but I went with him anyway.

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On this one occasion, 
we got kicked off the beach.

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Not very kindly, I might add.

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And I asked my dad, I said, "Why are we 
getting kicked off the beach?"

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And he said, "Zahira, we are Indian.

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We're not allowed to be on this beach."

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I said, "But dad, I learned at school

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that this is the Indian Ocean.

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I thought you owned the beach!" (Laughter)

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And so, as a young girl,

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I started to notice 
that something wasn't right.

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And I didn't feel nice.

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I didn't feel nice 
about what was happening.

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I realized that what was in my home

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was colourful, it was expansive.

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What was outside was gloomy

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and it was diminishing.

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It was the dull times of apartheid.

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And my family, 
like most South African people,

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lived a life of awkward indignity.

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We accepted very quietly 
our circumstances,

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and it seemed also 
that the darker you got,

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the worst you were treated.

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We lived on the periphery of society,

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with very little access 
to economic opportunity.

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And so, as I grew older,

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I became very socially 
and politically conscious.

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I learned, while I was a teenager,

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that Mandela was incarcerated,

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and I learned why.

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I learned that Chief Albert Luthuli --

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who was our family friend

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and who had lived in our family home

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for several months 
when he was under house arrest --

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when he was awarded 
the Nobel Peace Prize in 1960,

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he had to be given 
"honorary white membership",

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or "honorary white status",

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just to travel to receive this prize.

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I also learned that my uncle, 
Professor Kader Asmal,

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was in exile for 37 years,

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and he was living in Ireland.

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And he was in exile 
because he was one of the founders

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of the anti-apartheid movement in Europe.

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So, I also learned 
that our phones were tapped.

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Our house was visited 
by National Party officials

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and my family was interrogated constantly

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about my uncle's activities 
while in exile.

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So, the government thought at the time

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that my uncle should have been 
locked up with Mandela.

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In those days, a group of black people

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was considered an illegal protest,

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instead of a social gathering and a party.

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There was the Group Areas Act --

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yeah, we had an act every so many years,

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to restrain us and restrict us.

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There was the Group Areas Act,

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where we were forced to live 
with people of our own race.

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Some of us were even forcibly 
removed from our homes

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and made to live in squalor,

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on the periphery of the cities.

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There was the Bantu Education Act,

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that limited people's education,

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black people's education,

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hence perpetuating their persecution.

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There was the Land Act,

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that made it impossible for us 
to own land in South Africa.

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And my favourite was the Immorality Act,

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which made it illegal 
to love someone of another race.

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Students all over the country 
in South Africa,

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in the 1970's, were being killed

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by the South African Defence Force.

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They were "protesting": 
they didn't want to study Afrikaans.

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Black people all over the country 
were being killed.

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They were "protesting":

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they didn't want to use passbooks

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that limited their movement 
around the country.

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We all wanted to be free.

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But I realized, at that time,

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that no one was free:

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not the victims, nor the persecutors.

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We were slaves of colonial masters;

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our cultures, considered 
unsophisticated.

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We had to use back entrances 
to restaurants,

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if we were allowed in the first place.

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We were forbidden 
to visit many parts of South Africa.

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Can you imagine?

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All this space in a beautiful country,

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and we couldn't access it.

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I protested because I believed 
there was better.

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I wished to be free,

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not only to move around the country

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and see beautiful things,

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but also to be free to express myself,

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and to just be me.

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I wanted my colour, my culture,

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my heritage, my language 
to matter like anyone else's.

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Or not to matter, if it didn't matter.

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I didn't want to live in fear.

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I remember too 
that we were called South Africans,

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but we didn't know what that meant.

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We were so harshly 
excluded from activities,

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important activities in South Africa --

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"How can we be called South African?"

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It just wasn't possible.

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So, this time in South Africa's history

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was so painful for so many people

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that some can't speak about it even today.

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So, I wondered then, twenty years on,

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"What does freedom mean to us?"

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I feel free, I feel free now,

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and I don't take my freedom for granted.

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I know what it felt like before,

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and I never want to feel it again.

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I don't even wish anyone else 
to feel what I felt,

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as a young girl, living in South Africa.

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And so, I engaged with my freedom

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every single day 
and every moment of my life.

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And so, my friends and my colleagues 
call me an activist.

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Some of them say to me,

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"Your conversations about apartheid

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make me feel a little uncomfortable."

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And I say to this,

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"If you're feeling 
a little uncomfortable now,

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imagine what it felt like in reality."

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Some of them say to me,

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"Get over apartheid, Zahira. It's over."

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And I say, "Apartheid isn't over,

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if so many South Africans are still living

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with these harsh realities."

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And then, some of my friends 
and colleagues say to me,

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"Zahira, with your work and what you do,
why do you bother?

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Do something else more fun."

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And I say: "Madiba reminded us

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that the hard work is not done yet.

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And besides, imagine if Madiba 
had to say, 'Why bother?'

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Where would that 
leave South Africa today?"

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So, I wonder, in countries 
like South Africa and Brazil,

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what does freedom mean to us?

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Both Brazil and South Africa

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have the worst GD coefficient 
in the world.

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In social economic terms, 
that means that our countries,

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our societies are the most divided.

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So divided, in fact, 
that they probably will never meet.

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In Brazil, and allow me to say,

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some of your buildings 
have two separate entrances,

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(Portuguese) "Service" and "Social".

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In fact, most of the buildings 
I went to in São Paulo have this!

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This is unacceptable!

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This is two separate entrances for people!

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This reminds me 
of my childhood in apartheid!

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Dangerously close.

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And the designers in this room: 
change that!

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(Applause)

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Too many South Africans 
are living bellow the red line.

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Too many South Africans 
are living without education.

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And too many South Africans 
are living without dignity.

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That is unacceptable.

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So, with thirty years 
of democracy in Brazil

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and twenty years 
of democracy in South Africa,

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what does it actually mean for us?

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The challenges facing our democracy

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should be seen as opportunities,

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not -- excuse-me --

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and processes of engagement,

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and not problems to be solved.

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People are not problems.

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Through my work, 
I discovered in South Africa

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things that have equally warmed my heart

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and things that have made 
my hair stand on end.

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I have seen people live with such dire --

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in such dire conditions and circumstances,

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that it made me so sad

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that even my own circumstances as a child

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paled in comparison.

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Yet, these people -- 
the thing that warmed my heart

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was that they had so much hope

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that there was going to be a better life.

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If not for them, for their children 
and grandchildren.

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They still have the hope 
that Madiba gave them

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all those years ago:

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that, through our freedom 
and through our democracy,

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a better life will come to them.

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And so, I realize at these moments,

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when meeting these beautiful people

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that share their lives with me 
so generously --

00:12:58.638 --> 00:13:02.449
yet they have absolutely nothing --

00:13:03.189 --> 00:13:06.790
I remember and recall 
Madiba's words to me

00:13:06.790 --> 00:13:12.034
about the journey 
through freedom and emancipation

00:13:12.034 --> 00:13:14.851
only started then, with our democracy.

00:13:14.851 --> 00:13:18.569
So, freedom has to be 
negotiated, constantly.

00:13:18.569 --> 00:13:22.020
And freedom has to be 
demonstrated, always.

00:13:22.020 --> 00:13:25.967
But most of all, 
freedom needs to be shared.

00:13:25.967 --> 00:13:28.677
For those of us with political freedom,

00:13:28.677 --> 00:13:31.954
make certain 
that your governance policies

00:13:31.954 --> 00:13:35.033
have the interest of all people at heart.

00:13:35.033 --> 00:13:37.425
For those of us with economic freedom,

00:13:37.425 --> 00:13:40.464
make certain that all people have homes,

00:13:40.464 --> 00:13:43.273
that all people have access 
to quality services

00:13:43.273 --> 00:13:46.605
and have access to education and learning.

00:13:46.605 --> 00:13:49.087
For those of us with social freedom,

00:13:49.087 --> 00:13:52.670
make certain you free yourself 
from hatred,

00:13:52.670 --> 00:13:55.489
anger and jealousy.

00:13:55.489 --> 00:13:58.338
Madiba reminds us that love

00:13:58.338 --> 00:14:02.380
comes more naturally to the human heart.

00:14:02.380 --> 00:14:04.228
Freedom isn't a competition,

00:14:04.228 --> 00:14:07.639
and nor is it a race 
with a finishing line.

00:14:07.639 --> 00:14:09.701
Our freedom should be like a relay:

00:14:09.701 --> 00:14:12.500
we should pass it on to others.

00:14:12.500 --> 00:14:13.841
So, I want all of us today,

00:14:13.841 --> 00:14:17.732
while celebrating South Africa's 
twenty years of democracy,

00:14:17.732 --> 00:14:19.535
that we should consider our lives,

00:14:19.535 --> 00:14:22.116
we should consider our work.

00:14:22.116 --> 00:14:25.234
Be sure to engage 
with your freedom, actively.

00:14:25.234 --> 00:14:27.764
Be that activist!

00:14:27.764 --> 00:14:31.955
Apply your craft 
for the emancipation of others,

00:14:31.955 --> 00:14:34.578
whether you're a doctor, 
whether you're an engineer

00:14:34.578 --> 00:14:36.153
a designer or an architect,

00:14:36.153 --> 00:14:39.886
especially if you're a political leader.

00:14:40.766 --> 00:14:42.906
Each day in our lives,

00:14:42.906 --> 00:14:46.633
when we have moments of uncertainty,

00:14:46.633 --> 00:14:49.095
or if we're looking for inspiration,

00:14:49.095 --> 00:14:51.043
we should think to ourselves:

00:14:51.043 --> 00:14:52.745
"What would Madiba do?"

00:14:52.745 --> 00:14:54.031
Thank you.

00:14:54.031 --> 00:14:57.430
(Applause)