0:00:01.550,0:00:04.656
Foodie culture is obsessed[br]with authenticity.

0:00:04.656,0:00:06.738
But when we get Moroccan honey,

0:00:06.738,0:00:08.360
San Marzano tomatoes,

0:00:08.360,0:00:10.076
that means shipping food,

0:00:10.076,0:00:11.152
carbon emissions,

0:00:11.152,0:00:12.410
plenty of waste,

0:00:12.410,0:00:14.089
and excess packaging

0:00:14.089,0:00:17.639
for food that, sometimes, [br]not even as fresh or as delicious.

0:00:17.639,0:00:21.009
Adding COVID-19,[br]and you have a whole new problem:

0:00:21.009,0:00:22.391
frozen supply chains

0:00:22.391,0:00:24.348
or closed borders.

0:00:24.348,0:00:28.085
That's changing how we eat and[br]forcing us to also look at what's local.

0:00:28.085,0:00:31.079
Some countries, like Russia,[br]have a lot of experience with this.

0:00:32.165,0:00:34.458
MADE IN RUSSIA

0:00:36.285,0:00:39.191
(Alec) <i>Jay Klouz has been[br]a nightclub promoter in Spain,</i>

0:00:39.191,0:00:41.075
<i>a tour boat owner in France,</i>

0:00:41.075,0:00:43.239
<i>and a celebrity chef in Australia.</i>

0:00:44.144,0:00:46.269
<i>Now the American lives in Russia</i>

0:00:46.269,0:00:48.365
<i>where he's added cheesemaker to the list.</i>

0:00:49.054,0:00:52.082
(Klouz) Every person has a different hand,

0:00:52.082,0:00:54.050
and this hand makes cheese.

0:00:54.050,0:00:55.546
You could be more aggressive,

0:00:55.546,0:00:57.103
and you'll have another cheese.

0:00:57.103,0:00:58.274
You could be more careful,

0:00:58.274,0:00:59.664
and you'll have another cheese.

0:00:59.664,0:01:02.245
You can even be half a degree higher,

0:01:02.245,0:01:04.166
and you'll have another cheese.

0:01:04.166,0:01:07.208
(Alec) <i>Klouz uses local ingredients [br]to make European favorites</i>

0:01:07.208,0:01:09.718
<i>like feta, Gouda, and ricotta.</i>

0:01:09.718,0:01:13.805
<i>Flavors that began to make their way here [br]after the fall of the Soviet Union.</i>

0:01:16.366,0:01:19.320
(Alec) So, I grew up in Wisconsin,

0:01:19.320,0:01:24.130
and we've always had cheddar, [br]pepper jack, all sorts of--

0:01:24.130,0:01:26.190
you know, real sharp cheeses.

0:01:26.190,0:01:27.048
Love this stuff.

0:01:27.048,0:01:28.571
And then I came to Russia,

0:01:28.571,0:01:32.325
and it was like, cheese was white [br]and didn't taste like anything.

0:01:32.325,0:01:33.880
Tastes like plastic.

0:01:34.208,0:01:36.711
What made you decide to start[br]making your own cheese?

0:01:36.711,0:01:40.126
You know, one thing you learn in Russia,[br]the winters are rough.

0:01:40.126,0:01:42.190
The Russians prepare for winter

0:01:42.190,0:01:46.122
so, being prepared means, [br]also eating good stuff.

0:01:48.570,0:01:51.809
(Alec) <i>For years, Russia imported [br]as much cheese as it produced</i>

0:01:51.809,0:01:54.217
<i>until 2014.</i>

0:01:56.067,0:01:57.920
<i>Russia annexed Crimea.</i>

0:01:58.206,0:02:01.842
<i>The US and the EU[br]slap sanctions on Russia,</i>

0:02:01.842,0:02:05.827
<i>and President Putin responded by[br]banning food imports from those countries.</i>

0:02:07.451,0:02:10.965
<i>Cheesemakers like Klouz [br]saw sales go way up.</i>

0:02:10.965,0:02:13.901
<i>Russian production[br]increased by at least 50%.</i>

0:02:14.301,0:02:16.489
(Klouz) Please don't forget[br]to return my spoon.

0:02:16.489,0:02:18.308
(Sofia) Yes, return the spoon. Thanks.

0:02:19.249,0:02:24.991
After Russia stopped purchasing[br]cheeses abroad,

0:02:24.991,0:02:28.280
the cheese market changed a lot.

0:02:28.843,0:02:30.277
So we started buying here.

0:02:30.277,0:02:35.564
We are very satisfied[br]with the price and quality.

0:02:36.906,0:02:39.861
(Alec) And how have the current sanctions[br]changed the industry?

0:02:39.861,0:02:43.817
(Klouz) With the sanctions there's [br]more interest in the people making cheese.

0:02:43.817,0:02:46.142
Like, "Oh, we don't need you, [br]we have Jay."

0:02:46.142,0:02:47.341
I'm like, "Yeah, right."

0:02:47.341,0:02:49.793
Fifty kilos a day,[br]how am I going to feed Russians?

0:02:51.149,0:02:52.369
"Jay will save us!"

0:02:52.369,0:02:54.936
I'm like, what? [br](laughter)

0:02:54.936,0:02:56.326
People are funny here.

0:02:59.408,0:03:03.139
(Alec) <i>But some people are more confident[br]in local producers' ability</i>

0:03:03.139,0:03:06.657
<i>to fill the giant cheesy hole[br]left by the counter sanctions.</i>

0:03:09.837,0:03:13.243
<i>Klrill Sharshukov imported Italian cheese</i>

0:03:13.243,0:03:16.562
<i>until the food embargo forced him[br]to start making his own.</i>

0:03:17.173,0:03:20.832
(Sharshuko) Here we have[br]caciocavallo cheese.

0:03:20.832,0:03:23.032
A classic Italian caciocavallo cheese.

0:03:23.032,0:03:29.889
It is fermented for about 6 to 12 months

0:03:29.889,0:03:33.362
and has a specific, light taste.

0:03:33.802,0:03:37.545
And here we added fenugreek seeds.

0:03:40.553,0:03:44.052
Tastes like cheese with with walnut,

0:03:44.052,0:03:47.511
kind of a sweet dessert-y crunch.

0:03:50.505,0:03:53.082
It doesn't have nuts?

0:03:53.082,0:03:58.101
No, no. This doesn't have any nuts,[br]but is has that flavor.

0:03:58.101,0:04:02.272
I don't know if this is allowed on TV,

0:04:02.272,0:04:04.665
but these seeds are[br]healthy for men, apparently.

0:04:06.001,0:04:10.502
So this is delicious and healthy for me?[br](laughter)

0:04:11.643,0:04:12.975
(Alec) <i>After the embargo,</i>

0:04:12.975,0:04:15.957
<i>the government started giving[br]out subsidies and tax breaks</i>

0:04:15.957,0:04:17.515
<i>to boost domestic production.</i>

0:04:18.329,0:04:19.944
<i>Something Sharshuko believes</i>

0:04:19.944,0:04:23.166
<i>is giving Russians a chance to catch up[br]to the world's cheesemakers.</i>

0:04:24.047,0:04:26.983
(Sharshuko) The longer this goes on,[br]the more experiences we have.

0:04:26.983,0:04:30.779
We reproduce Italy's cheeses here,

0:04:30.779,0:04:35.266
replace its classic cheeses,[br]and produce them.

0:04:35.266,0:04:38.825
So it would be very difficult to return.

0:04:39.493,0:04:42.787
(Alec) <i>But the Russian cheese revolution [br]isn't for everybody.</i>

0:04:42.787,0:04:46.514
<i>Imported foods were always[br]too expensive for most Russians.</i>

0:04:46.514,0:04:50.837
<i>Meaning locally-made burrata will probably</i>[br]<i>never be on their shopping list.</i>

0:04:51.782,0:04:53.139
<i>And economists are skeptical</i>

0:04:53.139,0:04:55.619
<i>that the people [br]who could afford fancy cheese</i>

0:04:55.619,0:04:57.293
<i>are going to see local versions</i>

0:04:57.293,0:05:00.371
<i>as anything other than[br]a secondary substitute.</i>

0:05:00.371,0:05:03.954
When we imported cheese, it had quality.

0:05:03.954,0:05:08.163
We, the small portion of affluent people,[br]got used to it.

0:05:08.163,0:05:10.166
When that cheese disappeared,

0:05:10.166,0:05:17.223
those people stopped buying[br]Russian copies of cheese

0:05:17.374,0:05:19.347
because they don't trust the quality.

0:05:19.574,0:05:23.571
Well, I hear from the cheese producers--

0:05:24.031,0:05:25.799
Russian cheese producers--

0:05:25.919,0:05:28.419
who say sanctions have been a huge help.

0:05:28.702,0:05:33.574
Those you spoke to are very few[br]because, as a matter of fact,

0:05:33.574,0:05:36.874
90% of the Russian cheese market

0:05:37.047,0:05:39.332
is mass market cheeses.

0:05:39.501,0:05:41.524
I wanted to ask what will happen

0:05:41.524,0:05:47.222
to Russian cheesemakers[br]if sanctions are lifted tomorrow?

0:05:47.722,0:05:51.754
There will be[br]competition again for 15 to 20%

0:05:51.754,0:05:55.472
of wealthy people in Russia.

0:05:55.845,0:06:01.343
People who have invested[br]in cheese production

0:06:01.746,0:06:03.803
will be hit hard.

0:06:04.978,0:06:08.032
(Alec) <i>The drive for food Independence[br]has protected Russia</i>

0:06:08.032,0:06:11.412
<i>from supply disruptions during [br]the pandemic, the government says.</i>

0:06:12.933,0:06:16.218
<i>It's also helped a fledgling,[br]farm-to-table movement here.</i>

0:06:17.578,0:06:19.732
- Five more minutes.[br]- No, two and a half.

0:06:20.649,0:06:24.857
(Alec) <i>Ivan and Sergey Berezutskly have[br]their own farm to produce ingredients</i>

0:06:24.857,0:06:26.069
<i>for their restaurant,</i>

0:06:26.069,0:06:30.031
<i>which in 2019 was named [br]one of the best in the world.</i>

0:06:30.251,0:06:34.887
It's a simple dish: potato with caviar.

0:06:35.751,0:06:37.155
Here you are.

0:06:38.405,0:06:45.935
The majority of our guests[br]need healthy and fresh food.

0:06:45.935,0:06:51.542
This is a development Russia[br]and other countries have come to.

0:06:51.542,0:06:54.007
The sanctions have[br]accelerated the process.