[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.21,0:00:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Energy is not easy to define.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.44,0:00:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Things have energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.05,0:00:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can't hold
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.96,0:00:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bushel of energy in your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.82,0:00:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see what it does,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.48,0:00:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can't see it directly.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.80,0:00:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are different types of energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.62,0:00:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the differences between them
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.92,0:00:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are manifested only in how they make stuff behave.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.69,0:00:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do know that the total amount
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.04,0:00:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the different types of energy in the universe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.16,0:00:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is always the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.37,0:00:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, for chemists, two important types of energy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.55,0:00:35.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are chemical potential energy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.11,0:00:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kinetic energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.89,0:00:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Potential energy is energy waiting to happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.72,0:00:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of a stretched rubber band.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.80,0:00:42.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you cut it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.63,0:00:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all that potential energy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.01,0:00:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets converted to kinetic energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.74,0:00:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is registered by you as pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.60,0:00:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like a stretched rubber band,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.85,0:00:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chemical bonds also store energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.85,0:00:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when those bonds are broken,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.10,0:00:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that potential energy gets converted
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.60,0:00:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to other types of energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.12,0:00:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like heat or light,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.44,0:01:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or gets used to make different bonds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.85,0:01:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kinetic energy is the energy of motion,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.50,0:01:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and molecules are always moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.62,0:01:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not necessarily going somewhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.61,0:01:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,though they could be,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.94,0:01:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are vibrating,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.02,0:01:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stretching,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.52,0:01:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bending,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.93,0:01:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and/or spinning.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.37,0:01:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take methane,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.12,0:01:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is four hydrogens
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.27,0:01:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attached to a central carbon,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.68,0:01:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.62,0:01:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drawn on paper,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.50,0:01:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just a still tetrahedron.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.80,0:01:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in real life, it's a jiggling mess.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.47,0:01:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kinetic energy of molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.81,0:01:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is exactly the same type of energy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.72,0:01:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the energy you have
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.12,0:01:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're moving around,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.43,0:01:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except that you can be still
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.06,0:01:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and molecules can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.82,0:01:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you suck the kinetic energy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.32,0:01:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of a group of molecules,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.51,0:01:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll move less,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.77,0:01:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they'll never fully stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.27,0:01:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in any group of molecules,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.02,0:01:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some will have more kinetic energy than others.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.85,0:01:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we calculate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.56,0:01:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the average kinetic energy of the group,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.52,0:01:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd have a number mathematically related to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.33,0:01:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.66,0:01:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the more kinetic energy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.07,0:01:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a group of molecules has,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.38,0:01:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the higher its temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.88,0:01:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that means that on a hot day,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.56,0:01:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the molecules in the air around you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.23,0:01:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are spinning, stretching, bending,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.02,0:02:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and generally shooting around much faster
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.20,0:02:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than on a cold day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.32,0:02:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, hot and cold, by the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.28,0:02:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are relative terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.64,0:02:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're always used to compare
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.14,0:02:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one thing to something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.65,0:02:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, on that hot summer day,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.87,0:02:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the air molecules have more kinetic energy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.81,0:02:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the molecules in your skin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.60,0:02:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when those air molecules crash into you,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.98,0:02:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they transfer some of their energy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.74,0:02:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the molecules in your skin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.49,0:02:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you feel that as heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.81,0:02:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a cold day,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.58,0:02:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the air molecules have less kinetic energy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.76,0:02:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the molecules in your skin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.11,0:02:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so when you crash into those air molecules,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.48,0:02:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you actually transfer
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.73,0:02:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of your kinetic energy to them,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.23,0:02:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you feel that as cold.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.97,0:02:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can trace the path of energy around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.60,0:02:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try it at your next cookout.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.24,0:02:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You burn charcoal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.15,0:02:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the release of that chemical potential energy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.14,0:02:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows up as extreme heat and light.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.72,0:02:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heat then makes the molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.27,0:02:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of your burgers, your hot dogs, or your vegetables
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.06,0:02:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vibrate until their own bonds break
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.31,0:02:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and new chemical structures are formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.65,0:02:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too much heat and you have a charred mess;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.65,0:02:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just enough and you have dinner.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.33,0:02:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once in your body,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.45,0:03:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food molecules in your delicious,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.08,0:03:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or charred,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.30,0:03:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dinner get broken down,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.83,0:03:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the energy released
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.82,0:03:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is used to either keep you alive right now
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.35,0:03:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it's stored for later in different molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.34,0:03:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As night falls,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.75,0:03:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hot summer air cools
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.22,0:03:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the flow of energy into you slows.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.86,0:03:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, as the air reaches your skin temperature,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.55,0:03:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the briefest of moments,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.81,0:03:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flow stops.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.14,0:03:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it starts up again
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.40,0:03:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the opposite direction
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.64,0:03:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as energy leaves the warmer surface of your skin
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.36,0:03:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to return to the universe around you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.06,0:03:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that energy, neither created nor destroyed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.73,0:03:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ever shape-shifting,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.62,0:03:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chameleon phoenix of our physical world.