[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: I was going to ask if there's a doctor in the house.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.00,0:00:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, I'm just joking.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.00,0:00:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's interesting, because it was six years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.00,0:00:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was pregnant with my first child
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.00,0:00:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.00,0:00:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the most commonly used preservative
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.00,0:00:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in baby care products
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mimics estrogen
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it gets into the human body.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.00,0:00:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's very easy actually
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.00,0:00:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get a chemical compound from products
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the human body through the skin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these preservatives had been found
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in breast cancer tumors.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the start of my journey
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make this film, "Toxic Baby."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.00,0:00:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it doesn't take much time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discover some really astonishing statistics
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is that you and I all have
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between 30 to 50,000 chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our grandparents didn't have.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many of these chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now linked to the skyrocketing incidents
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of chronic childhood disease
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're seeing across industrialized nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll show you some statistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for example, in the United Kingdom,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the incidence of childhood leukemia
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has risen by 20 percent just in a generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very similar statistic for childhood cancer in the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Canada, we're now looking at one in 10 Canadian children with asthma.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.00,0:01:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a four-fold increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, similar story around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably the most astonishing statistic
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a 600 percent increase
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in autism and autistic spectrum disorders
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other learning disabilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, we're seeing that trend
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across Europe, across North America.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's certain parts of Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're seeing a four-fold increase
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in certain genital birth defects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly, one of those birth defects
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has seen a 200 percent increase in the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a real skyrocketing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of chronic childhood disease
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that includes other things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like obesity and juvenile diabetes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,premature puberty.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's interesting for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I'm looking for someone who can really talk to me
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and talk to an audience about these things,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that probably one of the most important people in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can discuss toxicity in babies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is expert in frogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tyrone Hayes: It was a surprise to me as well
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I would be talking about pesticides,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'd be talking about public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, in fact, I never thought I would do anything useful.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.00,0:02:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Frogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, my involvement in the whole pesticide issue
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was sort of a surprise as well
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was approached by the largest chemical company in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they asked me if I would evaluate
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how atrazine affected amphibians, or my frogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out, atrazine is the largest selling product
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the largest chemical company in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the number one contaminant
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of groundwater, drinking water, rain water.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2003, after my studies, it was banned in the European Union,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in that same year,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States EPA re-registered the compound.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were a bit surprised when we found out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when we exposed frogs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to very low levels of atrazine -- 0.1 parts per billion --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it produced animals that look like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the dissected gonads of an animal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has two testes, two ovaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another large testis, more ovaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not normal ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even for amphibians.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some cases, another species like the North American Leopard Frog
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed that males exposed to atrazine grew eggs in their testes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.00,0:03:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see these large, yolked-up eggs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.00,0:03:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bursting through the surface of this male's testes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.00,0:03:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now my wife tells me, and I'm sure Penelope can as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's nothing more painful than childbirth --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which that I'll never experience, I can't really argue that --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.00,0:03:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I would guess that a dozen chicken eggs in my testicle
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would probably be somewhere in the top five.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In recent studies that we've published,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:03:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've shown that some of these animals when they're exposed to atrazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the males grow up
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and completely become females.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are actually two brothers consummating a relationship.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not only do these genetic males mate with other males,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually have the capacity to lay eggs
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though they're genetic males.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we proposed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we've now generated support for,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that what atrazine is doing
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is wreaking havoc causing a hormone imbalance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Normally the testes should make testosterone,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the male hormone.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what atrazine does is it turns on an enzyme,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the machinery if you will, aromatase,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that converts testosterone into estrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result, these exposed males
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lose their testosterone, they're chemically castrated,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're subsequently feminized
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because now they're making the female hormone.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is what brought me to the human-related issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it turns out
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.00,0:04:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the number one cancer in women, breast cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is regulated by estrogen and by this enzyme aromatase.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you develop a cancerous cell in your breast,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aromatase converts androgens into estrogens,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that estrogen turns on or promotes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.00,0:05:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the growth of that cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it turns into a tumor and spreads.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, this aromatase is so important in breast cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.00,0:05:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the latest treatment for breast cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.00,0:05:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a chemical called letrozole,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which blocks aromatase, blocks estrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that if you developed a mutated cell, it doesn't grow into a tumor.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what's interesting is, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're still using 80 million pounds of atrazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.00,0:05:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the number one contaminant in drinking water, that does the opposite --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turns on aromatase, increases estrogen
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and promotes tumors in rats
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.00,0:05:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is associated with tumors, breast cancer, in humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.00,0:05:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's interesting is, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same company that sold us 80 million pounds of atrazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.00,0:05:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the breast cancer promoter,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now sells us the blocker -- the exact same company.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I find it interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that instead of treating this disease
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by preventing exposure to the chemicals that promote it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we simply respond
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by putting more chemicals into the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PJC: So speaking of estrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the other compounds that Tyrone talks about in the film
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.00,0:06:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something called bisphenol A, BPA,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.00,0:06:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been in the news recently.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.00,0:06:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a plasticizer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.00,0:06:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a compound that's found in polycarbonate plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what baby bottles are made out of.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what's interesting about BPA
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's such a potent estrogen
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it was actually once considered for use
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a synthetic estrogen in hormone placement therapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there have been many, many, many studies that have shown
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that BPA leaches from babies' bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the formula, into the milk,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore into the babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're dosing our babies,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our newborns, our infants,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a synthetic estrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now two weeks ago or so,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the European Union passed a law
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,banning the use of BPA
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in babies' bottles and sippy cups.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for those of you who are not parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.00,0:06:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sippy cups are those little plastic things
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that your child graduates to after using bottles.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just two weeks before that,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.00,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the U.S. Senate refused to even debate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the banning of BPA
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in babies' bottles and sippy cups.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it really makes you realize
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the onus on parents
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have to look at this and regulate this and police this
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their own lives
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how astonishing that is.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) PJC: With many plastic baby bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.00,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now proven to leak the chemical bisphenol A,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it really shows how sometimes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is only a parent's awareness
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stands between chemicals and our children.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The baby bottle scenario proves
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can prevent unnecessary exposure.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, if we parents are unaware,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are leaving our children
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fend for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TH: And what Penelope says here
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is even more true.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For those of you who don't know, we're in the middle of the sixth mass extinction.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.00,0:07:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists agree now.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.00,0:07:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are losing species from the Earth
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faster than the dinosaurs disappeared,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and leading that loss are amphibians.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.00,0:08:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 percent of all amphibians
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.00,0:08:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are threatened and in come decline.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.00,0:08:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I believe, many scientists believe
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.00,0:08:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that pesticides are an important part of that decline.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In part, amphibians are good indicators and more sensitive
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't have protection from contaminants in the water --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.00,0:08:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no eggshells, no membranes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no placenta.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, our invention -- by "our" I mean we mammals --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of our big inventions was the placenta.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.00,0:08:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we also start out as aquatic organisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.00,0:08:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turns out that this ancient structure
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that separates us from other animals, the placenta,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannot evolve or adapt fast enough
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the rate that we're generating new chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's never seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The evidence of that is that studies in rats, again with atrazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.00,0:08:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,show that the hormone imbalance atrazine generates causes abortion.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.00,0:08:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because maintaining a pregnancy is dependent on hormones.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.00,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of those rats that don't abort,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.00,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atrazine causes prostate disease
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the pups so the sons
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.00,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are born with an old man's disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.00,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of those that don't abort,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atrazine causes impaired mammary, or breast, development
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the exposed daughters in utero,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.00,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that their breast don't develop properly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.00,0:09:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result, when those rats grow up,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.00,0:09:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their pups experience retarded growth and development
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.00,0:09:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they can't make enough milk to nourish their pups.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.00,0:09:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the pup you see on the bottom is affected by atrazine
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.00,0:09:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that its grandmother was exposed to.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.00,0:09:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And given the life of many of these chemicals,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.00,0:09:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,generations, years, dozens of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.00,0:09:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means that we right now
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.00,0:09:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are affecting the health
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.00,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our grandchildren's grandchildren
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by things that we're putting into the environment today.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is not just philosophical, it's already known,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.00,0:09:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that chemicals like diethylstilbestrol and estrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PCBs, DDT
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.00,0:09:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cross the placenta
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.00,0:09:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and effectively determine
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.00,0:09:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the likelihood of developing breast cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.00,0:09:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and obesity and diabetes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.00,0:09:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,already when the baby's in the womb.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.00,0:09:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition to that, after the baby's born,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.00,0:09:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our other unique invention as mammals
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.00,0:09:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we nourish our offspring after they're born.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.00,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We already know that chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:09:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like DDT and DES and atrazine
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.00,0:10:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also pass over into milk,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.00,0:10:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again, affecting our babies
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.00,0:10:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after their born.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.00,0:10:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PJC: So when Tyrone tells me
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.00,0:10:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the placenta is an ancient organ,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.00,0:10:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm thinking, how do I demonstrate that?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.00,0:10:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you show that?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.00,0:10:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's interesting when you make a film like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.00,0:10:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you're stuck trying to visualize science
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.00,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's no visualization for.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.00,0:10:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I have to take a little bit of artistic license.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) (Ringing)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.00,0:10:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Old man: Placenta control.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.00,0:10:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is it?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.00,0:10:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh what?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.00,0:10:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Snoring)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.00,0:10:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Honk)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.00,0:10:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Puffuffuff, what?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.00,0:11:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perflourooctanoic acid.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.00,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blimey.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.00,0:11:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Never heard of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.00,0:11:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PJC: And neither had I actually
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.00,0:11:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before I started making this film.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.00,0:11:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when you realize that chemicals can pass the placenta
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.00,0:11:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go into your unborn child,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.00,0:11:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it made me start to think,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.00,0:11:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what would my fetus say to me?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would our unborn children say to us
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.00,0:11:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they have an exposure
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.00,0:11:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's happening everyday, day after day?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.00,0:11:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.00,0:11:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) Child: Today,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.00,0:11:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had some octyphenols,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.00,0:12:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some artificial musks
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.00,0:12:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some bisphenol A.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.00,0:12:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Help me.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.00,0:12:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PJC: It's a very profound notion
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.00,0:12:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know that we as women
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.00,0:12:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are at the vanguard of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.00,0:12:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is our issue,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.00,0:12:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we collect these compounds our entire life
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.00,0:12:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we end up dumping it and dumping them
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.00,0:12:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into our unborn children.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.00,0:12:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are in effect
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.00,0:12:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,polluting our children.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.00,0:12:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was something that was really brought home to me a year ago
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.00,0:12:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I found out I was pregnant
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.00,0:12:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the first scan revealed
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.00,0:12:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my baby had a birth defect
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.00,0:12:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,associated with exposure
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.00,0:12:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to estrogenic chemicals in the womb
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.00,0:12:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the second scan
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.00,0:12:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revealed no heartbeat.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.00,0:12:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my child's death, my baby's death,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.00,0:12:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really brought home the resonance of what I was trying to make in this film.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.00,0:13:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's sometimes a weird place
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.00,0:13:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the communicator becomes part of the story,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.00,0:13:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not what you originally intend.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.00,0:13:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when Tyrone talks about
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.00,0:13:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fetus being trapped in a contaminated environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.00,0:13:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is my contaminated environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.00,0:13:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is my toxic baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.00,0:13:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's something
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.00,0:13:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's just profound and sad,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.00,0:13:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but astonishing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.00,0:13:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because so many of us don't actually know this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.00,0:13:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TH: One of this things that's exciting and appropriate
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.00,0:13:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for me to be here at TEDWomen
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.00,0:13:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that, well, I think it was summed up best last night at dinner
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.00,0:13:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when someone said, "Turn to the man at your table and tell them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.00,0:13:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'When the revolution starts, we've got your back.'"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.00,0:13:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth is, women,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.00,0:13:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've had our back on this issue for a very long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.00,0:13:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starting with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.00,0:13:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Theo Colborn's "Our Stolen Future"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.00,0:13:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Sandra Steingraber's books
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.00,0:13:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Living Downstream" and "Having Faith."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.00,0:14:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And perhaps it's the connection to our next generation --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.00,0:14:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like my wife and my beautiful daughter here about 13 years ago --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.00,0:14:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps it's that connection
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.00,0:14:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes women activists
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.00,0:14:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this particular area.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.00,0:14:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for the men here, I want to say
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.00,0:14:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not just women and children that are at risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.00,0:14:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the frogs that are exposed to atrazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.00,0:14:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the testes are full of holes and spaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.00,0:14:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the hormone imbalance,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.00,0:14:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of allowing sperm to be generated,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.00,0:14:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as in the testis here,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.00,0:14:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the testicular tubules end up empty
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.00,0:14:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fertility goes down by as much as 50 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.00,0:14:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just my work in amphibians,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.00,0:14:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but similar work has been shown in fish in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.00,0:14:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,holes in the testes and absence of sperm in reptiles in a group from South America
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.00,0:14:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in rats, an absence of sperm
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.00,0:14:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the testicular tubules as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.00,0:14:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, we don't do these experiments in humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.00,0:14:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but just by coincidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.00,0:14:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my colleague has shown
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.00,0:14:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that men who have low sperm count, low semen quality
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.00,0:14:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have significantly more atrazine in their urine.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.00,0:14:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are just men who live
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.00,0:14:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an agricultural community.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.00,0:15:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men who actually work in agriculture
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.00,0:15:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have much higher levels of atrazine.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.00,0:15:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the men who actually apply atrazine
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.00,0:15:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have even more atrazine in their urine,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.00,0:15:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to levels that are 24,000 times what we know to be active
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.00,0:15:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are present in the urine of these men.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.00,0:15:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, most of them, 90 percent are Mexican, Mexican-American.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.00,0:15:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just atrazine they're exposed to.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.00,0:15:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're exposed to chemicals like chloropicrin,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.00,0:15:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was originally used as a nerve gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.00,0:15:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many of these workers
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.00,0:15:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have life expectancies of only 50.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.00,0:15:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shouldn't come to any surprise that the things that happen in wildlife
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.00,0:15:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are also a warning to us,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.00,0:15:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like Rachel Carson and others have warned.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.00,0:15:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As evident in this slide from Lake Nabugabo in Uganda,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.00,0:15:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the agricultural runoff from this crop,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.00,0:15:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which goes into these buckets,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.00,0:15:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the sole source of drinking, cooking and bathing water for this village.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.00,0:15:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now if I told the men in this village
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.00,0:15:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the frogs have pour immune function
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.00,0:15:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eggs developing in their testes,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.00,0:15:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the connection between environmental health and public health
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.00,0:15:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.00,0:15:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You would not drink water that you knew was having this kind of impact
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.00,0:16:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the wildlife that lived in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.00,0:16:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is, in my village, Oakland,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.00,0:16:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in most of our villages,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.00,0:16:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't see that connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.00,0:16:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We turn on the faucet, the water comes out, we assume it's safe,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.00,0:16:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we assume that we are masters of our environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.00,0:16:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than being part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.00,0:16:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PJC: So it doesn't take much to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.00,0:16:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually this is an environmental issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.00,0:16:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I kept thinking over and over again
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.00,0:16:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this question.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.00,0:16:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know so much about global warming and climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.00,0:16:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet, we have no concept
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.00,0:16:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what I've been calling internal environmentalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.00,0:16:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know what we're putting out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.00,0:16:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a sense of those repercussions,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.00,0:16:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we are so ignorant of this sense
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.00,0:16:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what happens when we put things, or things are put
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.00,0:16:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.00,0:16:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's my feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.00,0:16:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's my urging being here
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.00,0:16:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know that, as we women move forward
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.00,0:16:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the communicators of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.00,0:16:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also as the ones who carry that burden
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.00,0:16:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of carrying the children, bearing the children,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.00,0:16:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we hold most of the buying power in the household,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.00,0:17:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's going to be us moving forward
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.00,0:17:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to carry the work of Tyrone and other scientists around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.00,0:17:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my urging is
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.00,0:17:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when we think about environmental issues
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.00,0:17:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we remember that it's not just about melting glaciers and ice caps,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.00,0:17:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also about our children as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.00,0:17:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.00,0:17:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)