[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.24,0:00:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi, I'm Pato from KANJI-Link. In this video,\NI would like to explain different ways to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.82,0:00:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use the causative form in Japanese.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.29,0:00:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you remember the causative form? It is\Nused when we MAKE someone do something or
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.46,0:00:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we LET someone do something. Well, when it\Nis used with this second meaning, it can be
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.58,0:00:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combined with verbs expressing giving or receiving\Nsuch as AGERU, KURERU, MORAU...etc... This
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.25,0:00:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what we are going to study in this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.78,0:00:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's begin with the conjugation of this verb,\NUNTEN SURU, to drive. To say "Let someone
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.25,0:00:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drive", I have to use the causative form.\NUNTEN SURU becomes UNTEN SASERU.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.54,0:00:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's imagine the following situation.\NI am with Mr. Kato, and I let him drive. Of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.97,0:00:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,course, I must use the causative form. WATASHI\NWA KATO SAN NI UNTEN SASERU. But since the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.23,0:00:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causative form means both to MAKE someone\Ndo something and to LET someone do something,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.72,0:01:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I leave it like that, it becomes unclear.\NWhen we hear this sentence, we might think
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.93,0:01:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I forced Mr. KATO to drive. But in this\Ncase, Mr Kato wanted to drive, he said UNTEN
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.87,0:01:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SHITAI. So the fact that I let him drive can\Nbe considered as a gift, and I can add AGERU.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.74,0:01:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I turn UNTEN SASERU into UNTEN SASETE AGERU.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.94,0:01:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's imagine the opposite situation. I am\Nwith Mr Kato and I want to drive UNTEN SHITAI.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.45,0:01:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Mr Kato lets me drive, I can say KATO SAN\NWA WATASHI NI UNTEN SASERU. But this is not
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.77,0:01:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enough to express my gratitude. I have to\Nturn UNTEN SASERU into UNTEN SASETE KURERU.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.46,0:01:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, saying UNTEN SHITAI was not very\Npolite. To ask Mr Kato to let me drive, I
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.75,0:01:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should have said UNTEN SASETE KUREMASEN KA.\NOr I can be even more polite by using honorific
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.23,0:02:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech, UNTEN SASETE KUDASAIMASEN KA. If this\Nis too long for you, you can be more direct
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.65,0:02:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just say UNTEN SASETE KUDASAI, please\Nlet me drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.66,0:02:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So far, we have seen the forms from the point\Nof view of the giver, Mr Kato, because we
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.03,0:02:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used him as the subject KATO SAN WA. Now let's\Nchange our point of view, and study this from
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.35,0:02:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the receiver's side.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.99,0:02:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I get from Mr Kato, is the fact that\Nhe lets me drive. So if I use myself as the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.20,0:02:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subject, I can say WATASHI WA KATO SAN NI\NUNTEN SASETE MORAU. The result is the same
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.57,0:02:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the causative-passive UNTEN SASERARERU,\Nbut this second option implies that I am forced
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.95,0:02:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to drive by Mr Kato and this not what I want\Nto say here. I want to express my gratitude,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.66,0:02:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so let's forget about the causative-passive\Nand go back to UNTEN SASETE MORAU, I get Mr
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.87,0:03:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kato to let me drive. This can also be used\Nto make a polite request. Could I receive
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.19,0:03:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from you the fact of letting me drive? I know\Nthis is a very strange way to ask for something,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.33,0:03:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's very natural and polite in Japanese.\NUNTEN SASETE MORAEMASEN KA. Be careful, you
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.55,0:03:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to use the potential form, could I receive,\NMORAEMASEN KA. If you just say will I receive,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.40,0:03:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MORAIMASEN KA, it is not a polite request\Nanymore! Talking about politeness, you can
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.92,0:03:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go even further by using the honorific speech,\NITADAKU instead of MORAU. But don't forget
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.77,0:03:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use the potential form! UNTEN SASETE ITADAKEMASEN\NKA.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.33,0:03:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, that was a bit intense, so let's practice\Nand summarize everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.54,0:03:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine there are 2 people, an employee and\Nhis boss. The employee wants to go home early,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.82,0:03:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he must ask his boss to let him go home.\NLet's put KAERU at the causative form. It
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.85,0:04:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a group1 verb ending with RU, so KAERU\Nbecomes KAERASERU.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.79,0:04:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many ways to ask for permission,\Nlet's summarize all the ways that we have
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.45,0:04:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seen so far.\N帰らせてください。帰らせてくれませんか。帰らせてくださいませんか。帰らせてもらえませんか。帰らせていただけませんか。
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.56,0:04:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With such polite requests, I am sure that\Nthe boss will say II DESU YO!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.77,0:04:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's report what is happening here. The boss\Nlets him go home. SHACHO WA KAERASETE AGERU.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.77,0:04:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, the employee gets his boss\Nto let him go home. SHAIN WA KAERASETE MORAU.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.65,0:04:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, now imagine that the employee arrives\Nat home and tells his kid that the boss let
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.18,0:04:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,him go home early.\NUsing the boss as the subject, he can say
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.18,0:04:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"SHACHO GA KAERASETE KURETA".\NUsing himself, the receiver, as the subject,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.99,0:05:03.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he can say "SHACHO NI KAERASETE MORATTA".\NAlthough the result is the same, there is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.35,0:05:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a slight nuance between these sentences. Morau\Nimplies that he got something because he asked
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.74,0:05:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for it, so it may be more appropriate to use\NKAERASETE MORATTA in this case.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.100,0:05:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, I realize this is difficult, but now you\Nknow everything you need to know about the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.11,0:05:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causative form!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.70,0:05:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you need to practice all these structures,\Ncheck out my website, KANJI-Link.com!