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Hi, I'm Pato from KANJI-Link. In this video,
I would like to explain different ways to

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use the causative form in Japanese.

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Do you remember the causative form? It is
used when we MAKE someone do something or

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we LET someone do something. Well, when it
is used with this second meaning, it can be

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combined with verbs expressing giving or receiving
such as AGERU, KURERU, MORAU...etc... This

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is what we are going to study in this video.

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Let's begin with the conjugation of this verb,
UNTEN SURU, to drive. To say "Let someone

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drive", I have to use the causative form.
UNTEN SURU becomes UNTEN SASERU.

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Now, let's imagine the following situation.
I am with Mr. Kato, and I let him drive. Of

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course, I must use the causative form. WATASHI
WA KATO SAN NI UNTEN SASERU. But since the

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causative form means both to MAKE someone
do something and to LET someone do something,

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if I leave it like that, it becomes unclear.
When we hear this sentence, we might think

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that I forced Mr. KATO to drive. But in this
case, Mr Kato wanted to drive, he said UNTEN

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SHITAI. So the fact that I let him drive can
be considered as a gift, and I can add AGERU.

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I turn UNTEN SASERU into UNTEN SASETE AGERU.

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Let's imagine the opposite situation. I am
with Mr Kato and I want to drive UNTEN SHITAI.

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If Mr Kato lets me drive, I can say KATO SAN
WA WATASHI NI UNTEN SASERU. But this is not

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enough to express my gratitude. I have to
turn UNTEN SASERU into UNTEN SASETE KURERU.

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By the way, saying UNTEN SHITAI was not very
polite. To ask Mr Kato to let me drive, I

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should have said UNTEN SASETE KUREMASEN KA.
Or I can be even more polite by using honorific

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speech, UNTEN SASETE KUDASAIMASEN KA. If this
is too long for you, you can be more direct

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and just say UNTEN SASETE KUDASAI, please
let me drive.

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So far, we have seen the forms from the point
of view of the giver, Mr Kato, because we

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used him as the subject KATO SAN WA. Now let's
change our point of view, and study this from

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the receiver's side.

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What I get from Mr Kato, is the fact that
he lets me drive. So if I use myself as the

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subject, I can say WATASHI WA KATO SAN NI
UNTEN SASETE MORAU. The result is the same

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as the causative-passive UNTEN SASERARERU,
but this second option implies that I am forced

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to drive by Mr Kato and this not what I want
to say here. I want to express my gratitude,

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so let's forget about the causative-passive
and go back to UNTEN SASETE MORAU, I get Mr

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Kato to let me drive. This can also be used
to make a polite request. Could I receive

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from you the fact of letting me drive? I know
this is a very strange way to ask for something,

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but it's very natural and polite in Japanese.
UNTEN SASETE MORAEMASEN KA. Be careful, you

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have to use the potential form, could I receive,
MORAEMASEN KA. If you just say will I receive,

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MORAIMASEN KA, it is not a polite request
anymore! Talking about politeness, you can

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go even further by using the honorific speech,
ITADAKU instead of MORAU. But don't forget

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to use the potential form! UNTEN SASETE ITADAKEMASEN
KA.

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Okay, that was a bit intense, so let's practice
and summarize everything.

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Imagine there are 2 people, an employee and
his boss. The employee wants to go home early,

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so he must ask his boss to let him go home.
Let's put KAERU at the causative form. It

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is a group1 verb ending with RU, so KAERU
becomes KAERASERU.

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There are many ways to ask for permission,
let's summarize all the ways that we have

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seen so far.
帰らせてください。帰らせてくれませんか。帰らせてくださいませんか。帰らせてもらえませんか。帰らせていただけませんか。

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With such polite requests, I am sure that
the boss will say II DESU YO!

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Let's report what is happening here. The boss
lets him go home. SHACHO WA KAERASETE AGERU.

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On the other hand, the employee gets his boss
to let him go home. SHAIN WA KAERASETE MORAU.

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OK, now imagine that the employee arrives
at home and tells his kid that the boss let

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him go home early.
Using the boss as the subject, he can say

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"SHACHO GA KAERASETE KURETA".
Using himself, the receiver, as the subject,

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he can say "SHACHO NI KAERASETE MORATTA".
Although the result is the same, there is

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a slight nuance between these sentences. Morau
implies that he got something because he asked

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for it, so it may be more appropriate to use
KAERASETE MORATTA in this case.

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OK, I realize this is difficult, but now you
know everything you need to know about the

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causative form!

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If you need to practice all these structures,
check out my website, KANJI-Link.com!