[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.48,0:02:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rachel Greenstadt:\Npressure on or from ISPs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.70,0:02:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would make it difficult or impossible\Nto run an exit relay
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.95,0:02:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however the third point is the one that\NI'm gonna mostly be talking about today:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.50,0:02:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tor is not very useful if you can't\Nactually use it to get anywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.30,0:02:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is an increasing number of\Nprominent sites on the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.20,0:02:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are restricting what you\Ncan do through Tor
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.75,0:02:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in some cases Tor is outright blocked
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.22,0:02:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in other cases you're slowed down\Nby CAPTCHAs and other ways
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.31,0:02:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sort of make it annoying to visit
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.80,0:02:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so a brief overview of my talk
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.66,0:02:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm gonna give a little bit of\Nbackground on Tor
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.97,0:02:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and discuss how it's being blocked by\Ninternet services today
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.94,0:02:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then I'm gonna talk about Wikipedia
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.70,0:02:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a service or a website,\Nyou may have heard of it
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.50,0:02:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}laughing{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.02,0:02:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes it difficult to edit\Nthrough Tor
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.53,0:02:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm gonna talk about their\Nrelationship
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.98,0:02:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I'm gonna discuss some of the\Nfindings that we have
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.26,0:03:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from our interview-study of Tor users\Nand Wikipedians.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.64,0:03:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here is some examples of some things\Nthat you might see
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.39,0:03:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you are browsing with Tor these days.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.51,0:03:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's worth pointing out that a lot of\Nthese are not individual sites
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.62,0:03:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather content distribution networks,\Nlike Cloudflare and Akamai
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.48,0:03:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they're hosting providers like Bluehost\Nor anti-spam-block-plugins
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.17,0:03:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that sort of affects a huge, sort of swath\Nof sites on the internet, not just one.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.53,0:03:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some individual sites
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.22,0:03:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say like Yelp, that provide their\Nown blocking
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.34,0:03:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they tend to be somewhat\Nimportant sites
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.09,0:03:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So before I go any further
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.04,0:03:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should probably disclose that I'm not\Nexactly a neutral party here
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.50,0:03:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm married to Roger Dingledine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.98,0:03:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is one of the founders\Nof the Tor project
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.63,0:03:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This work is part of a recent experiment\Nof mine, doing research related to Tor
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.47,0:03:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while remaining happily married
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.40,0:03:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so far so good!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.66,0:03:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,furthermore, this work uses qualitative\Nethnographic methods
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.82,0:04:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a bit of a departure from the\Nmachine learning work that I usually do
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.43,0:04:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mitigating both of these factor is my\Nwonderful co-author, Andrea Forte
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.90,0:04:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is trained in ethnographic methods
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.92,0:04:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and conducted all of the interview that\NI'm going to talk to you about
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.36,0:04:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when I was talking to Roger about this\Ntalk, he said
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.79,0:04:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most people at CCC will have heard of Tor\Nby now
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.43,0:04:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's probably true,\Nand they'll be aware that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.18,0:04:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'll be aware that it hides something\Nabout you when you're browsing the Internet
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.91,0:04:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, they might be a bit fuzzy on some of\Nthe details, so: very quick recap
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.28,0:04:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Alice starts up Tor, her client\Nstarts by fetching a list of relays
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.68,0:04:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the directory server.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.68,0:04:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, the Tor client is gonna pick a\Nthree-hop path to the destination server.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.68,0:04:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hop 1 is gonna know who you are\Nbut not where you're going.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.84,0:04:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then Hop 3 knows where you're going\Nbut not who you are.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.97,0:04:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there is a link encrypted\Nfrom you to hop 3,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.28,0:04:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then hop 3,\Nwhich is the exit relay,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.21,0:04:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually delivers your\Nrequest to a website.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.97,0:05:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this part is not encrypted by Tor\Nand as far as the website is concerned,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.28,0:05:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is actually delivering a request from\Nthe user at the exit relay
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.44,0:05:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually when Tor users receive the\Nblocking screens that I've showed earlier
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.50,0:05:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's because the website is blocking\Nthe exit relay's IP address
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.81,0:05:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this can happen either because the site\Nis deliberately blocking tor
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.19,0:05:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by downloading the directory and blocking\Nall of the Tor exit IP's
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.62,0:05:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or because someone did something\Nunpleasant
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.68,0:05:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through that exit relay in the past
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.92,0:05:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was put on a blocklist incidentally
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.51,0:05:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's been some research on this\Nphenomenon
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.93,0:05:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here's some cutting-edge research that\Nhasn't actually even been presented yet
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.56,0:05:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to be published in the NDSS\Nconference in February
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.50,0:05:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the people up here
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.31,0:05:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's looking sort of quantitatively\Nabout how prevalent
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.43,0:05:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this blocking problem is.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.93,0:06:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that of the top 1000 Alexa\Nsites, 3.5% of them were actually blocked
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.23,0:06:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Tor users.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.46,0:06:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see on this list on the right:\Nmost of the blocking is due to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.99,0:06:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aggregate blockers like these hosting\Ncompanies and CDNs
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.33,0:06:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also the case that most of the sites
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.70,0:06:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't actually\Nblock 100% of the exit nodes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.81,0:06:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the bigger the exit is bandwidth wise
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.52,0:06:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thus the higher probability to be\Nexiting from it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.52,0:06:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more likely it was to be blocked
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.52,0:06:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this graph shows of 2000 block sites\Nfrom Ooni data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.97,0:06:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given the exit node and how probable\Nit was
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.52,0:06:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that exit node would be blocked.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.52,0:06:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one website that blocks Tor users\Nis Wikipedia
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.44,0:06:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Wikipedia doesn't actually Tor users\Nfrom reading Wikipedia
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.40,0:06:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very useful because it's a\Nresource that's important
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.60,0:06:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for lots of people to be able to reach,\Nsometimes anonymously
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.77,0:06:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it does prevent them from editing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.14,0:06:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's true even if they're logged in.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.39,0:06:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So according to Wikipedia,\NWikipedia is a free access,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.19,0:07:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free content Internet encyclopedia\Nsupported and hosted by the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.02,0:07:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-profit Wikimedia Foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.79,0:07:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who can access this site can\Nedit most of its articles
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.84,0:07:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Wikipedia is ranked among the ten most\Npopular websites
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.40,0:07:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and constitutes the Internet's largest and\Nmost popular general reference work
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.81,0:07:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So right now, y'know, from our vantage\Npoint eight years...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.80,0:07:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since this quote in 2007\Nin probably about...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.82,0:07:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not actually sure when Wikipedia was\Nfounded, but some years after
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.01,0:07:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's hard to realize what a radical idea\NWikipedia once was
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.96,0:07:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this encyclopedia that can be edited by,\Nwell, almost anyone
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.95,0:07:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 2007 the New York Times said:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.84,0:07:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The problem with WIkipedia is that it\Nonly works in practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.83,0:07:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In theory, it can never work."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.04,0:07:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some sort of miracle,\Nthat Wikipedia manages to be
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.15,0:07:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the resource it is, and it's the sort of\Nthing that researchers
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.82,0:07:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and economists have tried to explain
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.19,0:07:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they've tried to explain it in the\Nsame way they explain
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.21,0:07:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Linux kernel
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.78,0:08:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this thing happens and nobody quite knows\Nwhy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.95,0:08:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it makes Wikipedians today a little\Nnervous about and conservative perhaps
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.31,0:08:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about anything that could rock the boat,\Naffect the quality of the encyclopedia
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.68,0:08:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the fact is that Wikipedia needs its\Ncontributors to continue to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.31,0:08:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,update, expand and improve the resource
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.70,0:08:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikipedia contributions peaked in 2007 and\Nhave been in a slow and steady decline
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.64,0:08:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this graph above shows the number of\Nactive registered editors
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.93,0:08:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who've edited more than 5 edits per month\Nas plotted over time
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.16,0:08:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can see this peak that happens\Nin 2007
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.40,0:08:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reasons behind this decline are\Nactually an active area of research
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.19,0:08:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their area of concern for the\NWikimedia foundation and so on
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.25,0:08:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the upshot of it is that Wikipedia can't\Nexactly afford to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.88,0:08:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just throw away good editors.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.69,0:09:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aside from the general decline in\Nparticipation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.20,0:09:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's Wikipedia's sort of demographic\Nimbalance
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.16,0:09:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikipedia editors are 84-91% male
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.43,0:09:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on how you count
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.51,0:09:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is also a lot of\Nunder-representation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.51,0:09:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from global south countries
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.71,0:09:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's been a little bit of research\Nto show how this affects the quality
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.02,0:09:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the encyclopedia.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.65,0:09:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a group of researchers from the\N?Groveland's? group at
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.84,0:09:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the university of Minnesota\Nand they were interested in this question
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.48,0:09:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had access to a database of movie-\Nratings and the gender of the raters
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.59,0:09:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they compared the length of articles\Nabout movies that were
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.90,0:09:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disproportionately rated by men or women\Nwhile controlling for the popularity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.07,0:09:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the rating of the movie
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.72,0:09:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this case they showed that\Nmale-skewing movies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.90,0:09:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had articles that were much longer than\Narticles about female-skewing movies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.42,0:09:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independent of these popularity and\Nrating effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.78,0:09:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, maybe articles about movies, it's\Nkind of a trivial thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.76,0:09:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it kind of shows you that the editor\Npopulation affects article categories
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.96,0:10:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might be harder to measure\Nin such a rigorous way.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.18,0:10:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it made us wonder how the absence of\NTor user editors
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.74,0:10:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affects the quality of the encyclopedia
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.58,0:10:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if there's a similar skew that you\Nmight be able to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.65,0:10:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To help understand and answer this\Nquestion, it's worth asking
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.61,0:10:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what a Wikipedian would\Nget out of using Tor.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.76,0:10:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This question is actually one that has\Npeople kind of confused because
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.06,0:10:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of people see Tor as a tool that you\Nuse to hide who you are to a website
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.81,0:10:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and basically no one at Wikipedia is at\Nall interested
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.17,0:10:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in letting Tor users Wikipedia without\Nlogging in at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.66,0:10:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However Tor provides some benefits to\Nusers, even when they're logged in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.44,0:10:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thus not hiding from Wikipedia.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.21,0:10:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In particular it protects against certain\Nsurveillance by your local ISP
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.84,0:10:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or administrative domain, and it can also\Nprotect against government surveillance.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.10,0:10:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Furthermore it prevents your IP-address\Nfrom being stored
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.83,0:11:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Wikipedia database of user IPs that\Ncan be accessed by administrators
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.22,0:11:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and attackers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.47,0:11:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've all seen plenty of cases where\Nattackers get access
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.57,0:11:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to databases they're not supposed to.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.25,0:11:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another property that is probably more\Neasy to think about is reachability.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.24,0:11:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet connections could be censored,\Nand Tor might be the only method of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.13,0:11:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually accessing Wikipedia.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.56,0:11:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And lastly a lot of Tor users use Tor for\Nall of their Internet use
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.25,0:11:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a mechanism to diversify the user base\Nand provide cover for and solidarity with
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.73,0:11:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,users that might need Tor for a\Ndifferent purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.63,0:11:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So participation in Internet projects and\Nopen source projects can be dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.90,0:11:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consider the case of Bassel Khartabil
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.53,0:11:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's a well-known Wikipedia editor,\Nopen source software developer
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.13,0:11:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the founder of Creative Commons Syria.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.26,0:11:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was jailed for three years and he's now\Ndisappeared, a lot of people think he's dead
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.62,0:12:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's very well known for having founded\Nthe New Palmyra project
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.23,0:12:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which uses satellite and high-resolution\Nimagery to create open 3d models
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.56,0:12:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ancient structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.82,0:12:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these structures were raided by Daesh,\Nsometimes called ISIS, some time in 2015
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.32,0:12:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so this work that he's done is our\Nbest record of these structures
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.05,0:12:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that now exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.75,0:12:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In another case, Jimmy Wales announced in\N2015 that the Wikipedian of the year could
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.36,0:12:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not be revealed publicly, because to do so\Nwould actually put the person in danger.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.54,0:12:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the Wikimedia foundation is also\Naware that there are some cases
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.89,0:12:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where editors need privacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.18,0:12:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then, with all these risks, that\NWikipedians face, and the benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.40,0:12:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Tor can provide,\Nwhy would it be blocked?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.84,0:12:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it comes down to abuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.57,0:12:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem of jerks is a real problem\Non the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.75,0:12:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though the research is somewhat ambiguous\Nas to the degree at which it's actually
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.44,0:12:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made worse by anonymity,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.66,0:13:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's this very popular theory on the\NInternet that if you take a normal person
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.23,0:13:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anonymity and an audience,\Nthey become a total dickwad.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.21,0:13:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nonetheless, managing abuse is actually\Nsomewhat harder
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.11,0:13:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with anonymous participants, and there's\Ncertainly this perception that
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.25,0:13:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anonymity can make people more\Nsusceptible to abusive behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.13,0:13:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately the cryptographic\Nresearch community has studied
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.04,0:13:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to reconcile anonymity and\Nblacklisting of users
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.60,0:13:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has found some pretty promising\Nsolutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.88,0:13:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first, which I'll discuss briefly here\Nis Apu Kapadia's Nymble design.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.67,0:13:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There have been many variants of this,\Nincluding Nymbler, ?Jackbenable?, Jack,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.04,0:13:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get the idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.12,0:13:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically when Alice wants to contribute\Nanonymously to a website or a project
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.84,0:13:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she uses a pseudonym server to get\Na pseudonym.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.97,0:13:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then she gives that 'nym to a\Nnym-manager
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.55,0:13:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that nym-manager\Ngives her a ticket.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.78,0:13:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That ticket is then used to connect to the\Nsite she wants to participate on,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.45,0:14:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's another way to sort of distribute\Nthe trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.34,0:14:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our Alice is a jerk, so\Nshe vandalizes the website.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.43,0:14:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The website then complains to the Nymble\Nmanager which will then send the server
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.76,0:14:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a token that can be used to link that user\Nin the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.09,0:14:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The server then adds the user to a\Nblacklist.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.74,0:14:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically the way that this works is\Nthat everything the user has done
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.72,0:14:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before the complaint still remains\Nanonymous forever,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.82,0:14:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but everything that they do in the future\Nis linkable
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.17,0:14:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thus it remains easier to block them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.20,0:14:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There has basically been no adoption of\Nthis kind of protocol,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.09,0:14:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite a lot of iterations in the\Nliterature.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.32,0:14:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some reasons for this:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.56,0:14:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of the variants have no\Nimplementation, and those that do
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.38,0:14:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's research code and as the author\Nof some research code...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.05,0:14:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you that there would be\Nsignificant work involved in
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.95,0:14:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually adopting these measures.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.14,0:14:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is a price to be paid. You have\Npick between either having
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.38,0:15:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a semi-trusted third party, degraded\Nnotions of privacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.48,0:15:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so basically pseudonymity\Nrather than anonymity,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.95,0:15:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or high computational overhead
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.24,0:15:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because zero-knowledge proofs are\Nstill kind of expensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.16,0:15:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it could well be done, and it's not\Nlike you need all of these things,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.96,0:15:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you only need one,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.36,0:15:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ultimately it isn't being done, and I\Nthink this is because most sites
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.87,0:15:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't really care. They believe that the\Nnumber of non-jerks might not be zero,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.06,0:15:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's approximately zero,\Nand it's just not worth the bother.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.60,0:15:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're interested in measuring this\Nvalue of anonymous participation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.68,0:15:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sort of provide motivation for sites to\Nactually try and solve these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.99,0:15:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a terribly easy thing to do,\Nbecause Tor is blocked so often
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.12,0:15:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're actually trying to measure\Nparticipation that doesn't happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.05,0:15:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might happen under\Nalternate circumstances.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.49,0:15:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To ask this question we turned to\Nqualitative methods, which is
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.30,0:15:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically an interview study.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.02,0:15:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We talked to Tor users who participate in\Nopen collaboration, and we talked to
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.43,0:15:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikipedia editors about their privacy\Nconcerns.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.51,0:16:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have two basic research questions:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.65,0:16:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first, what kind of threats do\Ncontributors
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.84,0:16:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to open collaboration projects perceive,\Nand second:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.90,0:16:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do people who contribute to open\Ncollaboration projects manage the risk?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.85,0:16:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal here is to get the kind of\Nin-depth and qualitative
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.99,0:16:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understanding that will help us to ask\Nthe right questions
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.49,0:16:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a larger scale study, and ensure that\Nwe're solving the right problems
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.00,0:16:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we design systems to facilitate\Nanonymous participation in online projects
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.22,0:16:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As ?Cera McDonald? Pikelet said:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.97,0:16:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They're not anecdotes, that's small\Nbatch artisanal data..."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.32,0:16:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a little bit about our 23 participants\Nin our study
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.73,0:16:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had 12 participants that were Tor users
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.34,0:16:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8 males, 3 females and 1 of fluid gender.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.64,0:16:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The minimum age was 18, the maximum age\Nwas 41 and the average was 30.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.41,0:17:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3 people with a high school education, 4\Ncurrent and graduated undergraduates
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.02,0:17:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 5 people with post-graduate degrees or\Nwho were graduate students.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.40,0:17:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The location: 7 of the participants were\Nfrom the U.S. but we also had
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.28,0:17:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,participants from Australia, Belgium,\NCanada, South Africa and Sweden.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.96,0:17:26.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the Wikimedia participants, we had\Nagain 8 males and 3 females.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.17,0:17:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually I think the demographics of Tor\Nand Wikimedia might not be too different.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.65,0:17:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The minimum age was 20 and the max was 53,\Nagain the average was 30.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.16,0:17:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One didn't report their education level,\Nwe had 8 people with bachelor's degrees
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.36,0:17:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or undergraduate students, and 2 graduate\Nstudents or people with graduate degrees.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.33,0:17:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again we had 5 participants from the U.S.,\Nbut we also had participants from
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.62,0:17:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Australia, France, Ghana, Israel\Nand the U.K. in this case.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.31,0:18:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we didn't have - a lot of people talked\Nto us - we didn't have any participants
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.74,0:18:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from places like Iran or China, though we\Ndid have some Iranians who were
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.56,0:18:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in the U.S. who talked to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.52,0:18:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So types of participation
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.23,0:18:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously we had Wikipedians,\Nwe sought them out
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.49,0:18:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a number of the people that we talked\Nto, especially the Tor users
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.44,0:18:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who actually contribute to\Nthe Tor project in some way
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.31,0:18:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we asked people about their other\Nparticipation on the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.56,0:18:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially Tor users, and we found that\Nthere are a lot of people that participate
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.30,0:18:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through adding web comments, participating\Non forums, using Twitter...
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.00,0:18:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contributing open source code to projects\Non Github or Sourceforge
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.74,0:18:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or other projects on the Internet, helping\Nwith the Internet archive
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.85,0:18:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or contributing to image boards...\Nto sites that do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.10,0:18:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our interview protocol: we gave 20\Ndollars in compensation,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.12,0:18:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gift cards or cash.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.48,0:18:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30% of people declined this because we\Nwould need to register their participation
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.20,0:19:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we give them compensation, and some\Npeople didn't want there to be
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.81,0:19:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much of a record.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.98,0:19:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We spoke to people over the phone, using\NSkype, using
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.51,0:19:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,various encrypted audio mechanisms,\None person was interviewed face to face.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.81,0:19:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The interviews were again conducted by\NAndrea Forte
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.67,0:19:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we asked people to tell in-depth\Nstories and prompted them for detail.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.69,0:19:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our analysis of this is ongoing, it's\Nnot done,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.31,0:19:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've transcribed all the interviews,\Nwe've coded them to identify the themes
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.32,0:19:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we grouped and merged some of these\Nthemes.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.48,0:19:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to talk to you about some of the\Nstuff that came out of this study,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.01,0:19:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give some quotes and things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.58,0:19:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interview topics.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.52,0:19:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Tor users we asked them to explain Tor\Nand what it's for. We asked for some
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.30,0:19:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,current and retrospective examples of use,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.88,0:19:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the story of how and why they first\Nstarted using Tor,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.17,0:19:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some examples of when they use Tor\Nonline and when they don't use Tor online
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.14,0:19:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some questions about their\Nparticipation in online projects
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.49,0:19:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they participate in Wikipedia we\Nasked them some of the Wikipedia questions
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.48,0:20:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similarly with Wikipedia people who had\Nused Tor.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.25,0:20:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was some considerable overlap.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.59,0:20:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Wikipedians we asked how and why they\Nstarted editing,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.64,0:20:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,examples of privacy concerns associated\Nwith their editing,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.29,0:20:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,steps they may have taken to protect their\Nprivacy when editing,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.17,0:20:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and examples of interactions with other\Neditors.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.82,0:20:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there's some real limitations with\Nthis work:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.45,0:20:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we may be missing participants with severe\Nprivacy concerns.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.94,0:20:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody who participate in this would have\Ntalk to unknown parties
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.52,0:20:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they couldn't necessarily trust that\Nwe were not going to do
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.70,0:20:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any nefarious things with their interview.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.28,0:20:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They need to speak remotely over a\Ncommunications channel in most cases
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.77,0:20:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were willing to conduct some interviews\Nover various encrypted channels
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.91,0:20:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as Jitsi or really whatever people\Nwanted us to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.95,0:20:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as we could set it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.52,0:20:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though we didn't mention Skype in our\Nrecruitment materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.50,0:20:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this actually caused a bit of a\Nkerfuffle on the Tor blog
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.90,0:21:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people were saying we clearly don't\Nunderstand Tor
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.70,0:21:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have no familiarity with the project\Nif we're even thinking of using Skype
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.40,0:21:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know a couple of Tor users and Tor\Ndevelopers that use Skype, so...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.18,0:21:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, y'know, we were willing to\Nuse other things,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.81,0:21:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we again didn't talk to residents of\NIran or China,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.70,0:21:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is something that a lot of people\Ntold us might be of interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.32,0:21:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what does anonymity actually mean to a
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.46,0:21:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikipedian, was an interesting question.\NBecause it doesn't mean the same thing
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.04,0:21:36.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it usually means to a Tor user. So,\Na lot of times when people talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.100,0:21:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anonymous edits in Wikipedia they mean\Nediting without logging in.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.44,0:21:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is actually called IP editing to\NWikipedians, because what happens when you
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.65,0:21:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,edit Wikipedia without logging in is that\Nthe IP address is actually published
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.82,0:21:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the author of that edit.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.41,0:21:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing that people mean when\Nthey talk about editing anonymously is
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.45,0:22:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,editing under a synonymous account while\Nnot leaving clues about your identity.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.30,0:22:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The notion of IP editing is somewhat\Nproblematic.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.50,0:22:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was an article from Buzzfeed about
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.29,0:22:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 33 most embarassing congressional\Nedits to member's Wikipedia pages.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.88,0:22:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The congressional offices in the U.S. all\Nshare one IP address,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.96,0:22:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can simply search Wikipedia for\Nthat IP address
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.20,0:22:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can find people making revisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.98,0:22:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example to the liberty caucus\NWikipedia site and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.26,0:22:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in terms of content-based anonymity,\Naccording to the Wikipedians we talked to,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.66,0:22:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most deanonymisation is done actually by\Ncontextual clues.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.49,0:22:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When people are outed as being this\Npseudonymous Wikipedia person,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.78,0:22:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's usually because somebody\Nlooked up things.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.23,0:22:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a quote, someone said:
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.96,0:22:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"these is small things but I usually\Nwouldn't edit things relating to my school
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.59,0:22:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or places near where I lived\Nwhen I was logged in.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.91,0:22:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually weirdly easy to piece\Ntogether someone's identity
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.72,0:23:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on the location or things like that"
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.22,0:23:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Tor, it's worth pointing out the limits\Nof what Tor can do
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.28,0:23:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tor is not gonna help with this particular\Nproblem
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.92,0:23:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will hide your IP address
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.32,0:23:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not necessarily this.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.31,0:23:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the Wikipedia policy on Tor?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.07,0:23:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mediawiki has a TorBlock extension, which\Nautomatically blocks editing through Tor
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.59,0:23:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's possible to actually get an\Nexemption,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.57,0:23:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is called an IP block exemption, and\Nregistered users in good standing
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.97,0:23:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can ask for one.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.56,0:23:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is, it's a little bit hard to\Nestablish that standing
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.79,0:23:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it requires editing without using Tor.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.74,0:23:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When pointed out that this is particularly\Nproblematic for censored users,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.16,0:23:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they can't access Wikipedia to\Nedit in the first place,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.28,0:23:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although they do provide some closed\Nproxies for Chinese users in particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.72,0:24:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are a lot of censored users that\Naren't Chinese but...
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.31,0:24:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can contact them to ask to use their\Nsort of secret proxies.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.50,0:24:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how well this actually works.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.91,0:24:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we did ask our interviewees, can\NWikipedia be edited through Tor?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.70,0:24:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is an interesting question. So,\Nas a convention for the rest of the talk
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.65,0:24:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you see these blue boxes, they are\Ngonna be quotes from Wikipedians,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.11,0:24:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you see the green boxes, they're\Nquotes from Tor users.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.01,0:24:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we asked people, the WIkipedians\Noften said: if the account exists,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.40,0:24:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes, when you're doing an anonymous edit\Nwith Tor it's really difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.97,0:24:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they mean an IP edit there.\NAnd then he said:
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.45,0:24:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had one that came\Nthrough the mailing list
Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.47,0:24:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last couple of weeks, and that\Ntheir employer had been
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.29,0:24:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,checking up on them... we allowed that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.70,0:24:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as an administrator I have a user bot\Nthat allows me to get around that,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.35,0:24:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as well as feeling bad about that,\Nother people don't have that option.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.76,0:24:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From a Tor user, we actually said: but\Nsometimes, like every so many exit nodes,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.44,0:24:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you sometimes one have works...\Nso many sites block Tor,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.100,0:25:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try to block it, it's quite annoying as\Nyou're trying to do something.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.26,0:25:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this person sort of... saw what... in\Nthe research of blocking Tor,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.97,0:25:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not every exit node is blocked, so if\Nyou're really determined to make that
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.42,0:25:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anonymous edit, you can just keep clicking\N'New Identity' and get there.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.36,0:25:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they said: we do sometimes let\Npeople edit through them,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.13,0:25:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know we have users in China coming\Nthrough the Great Firewall
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.14,0:25:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stuff like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.25,0:25:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then ...\N[[ audio cuts out for 4 seconds ]]
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.18,0:25:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tor user, y'know, well they...\N[[ audio cuts out for 16 seconds ]]
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.82,0:25:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[[ audio cuts out for 16 seconds ]]
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.07,0:25:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[[ 5 seconds audio cut remaining ]]
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.67,0:26:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.10,0:26:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So because you can change your IP address\Nwith the click of a button,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.34,0:26:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very difficult to prevent abuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:09.11,0:26:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's this sort of notion that maybe\Nit's important for vandalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.19,0:26:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe that's a problem, and maybe\Nthere should be something that be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.79,0:26:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then, a lot of what asked people about\Nwas sort of the threats
Dialogue: 0,0:26:20.80,0:26:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were concerned about, from a\Ndata privacy perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.78,0:26:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People talked about government threats,\Nbusinesses, organized crime,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.90,0:26:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,private citizens, other project members,\Nand project outsiders.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.76,0:26:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we group the threats, we found sort\Nof five or so big threats
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.18,0:26:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lots of people talked about, we had\Ntwelve different instances of
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.94,0:26:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people talking about surveillance concerns\Nor general concerns about
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.39,0:26:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the loss of privacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.74,0:26:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten people talked specifically about the\Nloss of employment
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.97,0:26:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or economic opportunity that might happen,\N9 people talked about bullying,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.98,0:26:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harassment, intimidation, stalking,\Nthis sort of thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:59.76,0:27:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another 9 people talked about personal\Nsafety, or the safety of their loved ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.43,0:27:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 people that we talked to, talked about\Nreputation loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.10,0:27:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll get into these in more detail.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.31,0:27:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surveillance.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.68,0:27:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Y'know, in my country there is basically\Nunknown surveillance going on
Dialogue: 0,0:27:18.09,0:27:21.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't know what providers to use,\Nand at some point I decided to
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.37,0:27:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use Tor for everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.62,0:27:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's worth pointing out given the list of\Ncountries I gave that
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.92,0:27:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this isn't necessarily the list and...\NI think you wouldn't get this list of
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.85,0:27:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kinda quotes maybe before the Snowden\Nrevelations about generalized surveillance
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.32,0:27:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.03,0:27:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people talked about how their\Nonline activities were
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.16,0:27:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being accessed or logged without their\Nconsent, and especially among
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.14,0:27:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tor users there was this\Nnotion of wanting to be
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.67,0:27:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public by effort, but private by default.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:51.32,0:27:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you talk to Wikipedians, they\Ntalked about their edit histories and how
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.05,0:28:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the edit histories themselves might be\Nsomewhat sensitive.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.81,0:28:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In terms of loss of employment...
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.80,0:28:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many many employers now look at your\Nonline footprint before they hire you.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:13.05,0:28:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to Monster, one of the big\Nemployment websites,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.72,0:28:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,77% of employers google perspective\Nemployees.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.18,0:28:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From a Tor user, we had someone talk about\N"I am transgender, I am queer, my boss
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.81,0:28:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would rant for hours about this kind of\Nperson, that kind of person, the other
Dialogue: 0,0:28:30.37,0:28:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of person, all of which I happen to\Nbe... and I decided if I was going to do
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.18,0:28:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything online at all, I better look into\Noptions for protecting myself, because
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.83,0:28:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't want to get fired."
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.18,0:28:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Wikipedia, someone said: "A friend of\Nmine was also involved in this discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.53,0:28:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he actually got it worse than I did.\NHe's in a position now where
Dialogue: 0,0:28:47.91,0:28:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anyone who googles him finds allegations\Nthat he is this awful monster, and
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.11,0:28:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's terrified of having to look for work\Nnow because you google him,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.37,0:28:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what you find.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.38,0:29:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these things can have a real impact\Non people. So...
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.79,0:29:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then there is harassment. So this is\Na quote from a Wikipedian who said:
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.99,0:29:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I would say that the fear of harassment\Nof real, of stalking and things like that
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.24,0:29:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is quite substantial, at least among\Nadministrators I know,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:13.54,0:29:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially women."
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.31,0:29:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From a Tor user there was someone who\Ntalked about "this is a map
Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.52,0:29:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of active hate groups in the\NUnited States"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.99,0:29:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how they had experienced problems\Nwith these hate groups in the past
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.61,0:29:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they wanted to see who was active in\Ntheir area, and they would
Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.52,0:29:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go to the websites of these hate groups\Nand sort of for obvious reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.32,0:29:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't want their home IP address\Nto appear in the logs of these
Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.55,0:29:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hate group websites.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.89,0:29:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Safety of loved ones,\Nalso personal safety.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.18,0:29:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people talked about, y'know,\Nreal, concrete, not just threats but
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.50,0:29:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that had happened to them or to\Npeople that they knew.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.78,0:29:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Tor there is this story: they bursted\Nhis door down and
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.13,0:30:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they beat the ever living crap out of him.\NHe was hospitalized
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.15,0:30:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for two and a half weeks, and they told\Nhim: "if you and your family wanna live,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.85,0:30:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're gonna have to stop causing trouble"
Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.84,0:30:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they said that to him in farsee.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:09.57,0:30:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a family so after I visited him\Nin the hospital, I started...
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.75,0:30:15.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well at first I started shaking, and I\Nwent into a cold sweat
Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.91,0:30:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I realized I have to start taking\Nmy human rights activities
Dialogue: 0,0:30:20.02,0:30:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into other identities through\Nthe Tor network.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.87,0:30:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the Wikipedia side:
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.66,0:30:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I pulled back from some of that Wikipedia\Nwork when I could no longer hide
Dialogue: 0,0:30:28.23,0:30:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in quite the same way. For a long time I\Nlived on my own, so it's just my own
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.18,0:30:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personal risk I was taking with things,\Nnow my wife lives here as well
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.05,0:30:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can't take that same risk."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.33,0:30:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lastly, people were concerned about\Nreputation loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:45.62,0:30:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Wikipedia there has been known to be\Nedit wars that escalate into vendettas
Dialogue: 0,0:30:52.18,0:30:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here's a sort of example of an edit war\Nwhere y'know some user says:
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.88,0:31:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I hate big bitch Alison," who is then\Nblocked indefinitely by Alison.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.78,0:31:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are worried about this sort of\Nthing escalating and then somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.22,0:31:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing something off of the Internet to\Ncall them names, or mess with their
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.18,0:31:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reputation... and that would have a\Nnegative effect on their life.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.60,0:31:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Tor there is a couple interesting cases\Nthat sort of concerns guilt by association
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.92,0:31:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is someone who participates on\Nimage boards,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:24.53,0:31:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on 8chan or infinite chan,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.06,0:31:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't know if you guys are that\Naware of this... it's sort of the place
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.38,0:31:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was kind of started by people that\Nwere blocked by 4chan,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.31,0:31:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's the people that 4chan think are\Nkind of sketchy
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.83,0:31:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}laughter{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.74,0:31:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this person said: "Look, I stand\Nbehind the material and the content that
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.50,0:31:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have created, but some people\Non this site,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.79,0:31:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wouldn't wanna be associated with them."
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.100,0:31:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there is another person who talked\Nabout "look I've created some online
Dialogue: 0,0:31:53.55,0:31:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resources about various pharmaceuticals,\Nbut I don't wanna be very associated
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.25,0:32:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the community that posts stuff about\Nstuff like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.50,0:32:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So some other threats.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.92,0:32:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people talked about diminished\Nproject quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.93,0:32:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In particular a lot of the Wikipedians\Nthat we talked to
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.62,0:32:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were somewhat prominent in the\NWikipedia project,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.15,0:32:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in some respects had kind of achieved\Nsome degree of like
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.98,0:32:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rock star status as editors, if such\Nthings can be.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.38,0:32:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They found it very difficult to edit\Nanymore because they'd edit a page
Dialogue: 0,0:32:30.46,0:32:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that page hadn't received a lot of\Nattention but people would see that
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.06,0:32:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had edited it and there would be\Nsort of hordes of people that would
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.51,0:32:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,descend on that page, and mess with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.49,0:32:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they found that they couldn't do that\Nwithout actually sort of harming the pages
Dialogue: 0,0:32:44.42,0:32:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were trying to edit.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.24,0:32:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, there were some Tor users who\Nwere talked about, y'know,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:50.60,0:32:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not wanting to sort of... take credit for\Ntheir work because they were worried
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.69,0:32:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they wouldn't have the credentials to be\Ntaken seriously in various ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:58.77,0:33:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:00.03,0:33:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only two people in our project actually\Ntalked about worrying about
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.94,0:33:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legal sort of sanctions, government\Nsanctions for their participation.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.32,0:33:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were a lot of people that talked\Nabout computer security concerns
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.32,0:33:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not so much a privacy concern,\Nthough it's very related, and I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.77,0:33:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to talk about that because this\Ngroup might be interested.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.46,0:33:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the Tor side, people liked to see\Nauthentication properties
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.75,0:33:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of .onion services. The idea that when\Nyou go to a .onion website,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:32.44,0:33:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the address is self-authenticating, you\Nknow where you're going.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:37.44,0:33:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a lot of people who use Tor talked\Nabout the general data hygiene idea
Dialogue: 0,0:33:41.29,0:33:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's sort of less data about them\Nin unknown websites,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:45.88,0:33:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in unknown databases of companies\Nbecause they don't leave as many
Dialogue: 0,0:33:49.16,0:33:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,online footprints, and then you see all\Nthese high profile break-ins that happen
Dialogue: 0,0:33:55.01,0:33:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these databases get stolen, if you're\Nusing Tor, maybe you're less likely
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.64,0:34:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be in those databases.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.21,0:34:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the idea there.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.60,0:34:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From Wikipedia a lot of people were\Nconcerned about
Dialogue: 0,0:34:05.97,0:34:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their Wikipedia credentials.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.02,0:34:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They talked about not logging in on\Npublic terminals and things like that,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:12.88,0:34:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in particular being concerned about the\Nsecurity of administrative credentials
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.59,0:34:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have privileges to, for example, look\Nup the IP address of users who had edited
Dialogue: 0,0:34:22.68,0:34:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things like that, which could\Nbe abused.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:27.31,0:34:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So some concrete things that the people\Nwere afraid of,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.41,0:34:31.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a complete list:
Dialogue: 0,0:34:31.100,0:34:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having their head photoshopped onto porn,\Nsomething that happens
Dialogue: 0,0:34:35.07,0:34:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes to editors...
Dialogue: 0,0:34:37.26,0:34:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being beaten up, actually a couple of Tor\Npeople mentioned this;
Dialogue: 0,0:34:40.73,0:34:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being swatted;\Nreceiving pipe bombs;
Dialogue: 0,0:34:43.26,0:34:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having fake information about them\Npublished online.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:47.32,0:34:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though there were people that said, look,\NI don't really see a threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.18,0:34:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some participants said they don't\Nperceive threats when they're contributing
Dialogue: 0,0:34:56.47,0:35:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in a lot of cases they pointed out\Nthat they enjoyed certain privileges
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.80,0:35:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,related to perhaps their gender, their\Nnationality, or the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:35:04.02,0:35:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their interests were fairly mainstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.97,0:35:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's a quote:\N"yeah I'm not that worried about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.70,0:35:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mainly because there's pretty good support\Nfor some of these viewpoints,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.96,0:35:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of a mainstream discourse, and it's\Nnot so radical, I don't think anyone's
Dialogue: 0,0:35:15.45,0:35:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be knocking down on my door.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:17.30,0:35:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I've been in contact with activists\Nwho have been engaged with
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.39,0:35:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,higher risk activities, and I do wonder\Nabout, I do have concerns
Dialogue: 0,0:35:23.44,0:35:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about their welfare, and the desire they\Nhave to have the tools to
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.47,0:35:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be able to pursue their activities without\Nfacing consequences."
Dialogue: 0,0:35:31.93,0:35:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in contrast to the jerk theme, there\Nare a lot of people who run Tor
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.50,0:35:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of a sense of altruism, to provide\Ncover and solidarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:43.92,0:35:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone said, I appreciate the need for\Nprotecting vulnerable people
Dialogue: 0,0:35:47.46,0:35:51.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the world, so I run several relays,\Nsome of them are exit relays,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:51.39,0:35:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them are middle relays, and I\Nrun them around the world".
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.47,0:35:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And someone else said:\N"While you use it, you help
Dialogue: 0,0:35:57.82,0:36:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diversify the network for those who may be\Nsubject to traffic monitoring, and you can
Dialogue: 0,0:36:01.95,0:36:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look up any information you like, whether\Nor not it's sensitive, and you'll get it,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:05.82,0:36:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you live in a place where it may\Nnot be the greatest in legal standing
Dialogue: 0,0:36:09.37,0:36:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look it up, you're able to find out\Ninformation."
Dialogue: 0,0:36:14.46,0:36:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So mitigating strategies, how did people\Ndeal with this when they wanted to
Dialogue: 0,0:36:19.84,0:36:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,participate in sites but they couldn't do\Nit through anonymous means, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:26.32,0:36:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some people modified their participation,\Nand I'll talk about some of
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.52,0:36:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chilling effects that we saw, and also\Nattempts to get anonymity in various ways
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.44,0:36:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, lost editors.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:40.39,0:36:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Several Tor users that we talked to,\Nactually mentioned that
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.21,0:36:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had edited Wikipedia and they no\Nlonger edited it, or they edited it
Dialogue: 0,0:36:47.70,0:36:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less because of the difficulty of editing\Nthrough Tor.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:50.23,0:36:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was someone who said:\N"Basically I used to edit Wikipedia
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.38,0:36:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prior to doing a lot of Tor, so yeah now\Nit's mostly reading... I used to
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.47,0:37:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do a lot of editing for license design\Nand for like some open source licenses,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:01.73,0:37:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occasionally random forms and stuff that I\Nknew about, sometimes grammar.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:09.78,0:37:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people talked to us in particular\Nabout the chilling effects
Dialogue: 0,0:37:13.29,0:37:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of state surveillance, and in particular\Nthe Snowden revelations.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:17.91,0:37:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In March of 2015 Wikimedia foundation\Nannounced that it was
Dialogue: 0,0:37:22.18,0:37:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suing the National Security Agency.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:25.72,0:37:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked people about that, and\Nthe Wikipedians, some of them said
Dialogue: 0,0:37:29.41,0:37:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"People aren't willing to engage with us\Nwhen they know their government is
Dialogue: 0,0:37:32.93,0:37:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watching their every move." And they\Nsaid that in particular they can show
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.96,0:37:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that editing dropped off significantly on\Ncertain articles
Dialogue: 0,0:37:39.96,0:37:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the Upstream program was revealed.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:42.68,0:37:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a quote from one of our Tor users\Nin the study that substantiates this.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:48.33,0:37:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For the Edward Snowden page, I've pulled\Nmyself away from adding
Dialogue: 0,0:37:51.33,0:37:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sensitive contributions, like different\Nreferences, because I thought
Dialogue: 0,0:37:54.43,0:37:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made be traced back to me\Nin some way. But not refraining from
Dialogue: 0,0:37:59.10,0:38:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,useful content I guess."
Dialogue: 0,0:38:00.40,0:38:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though, of course, adding references is\None of the things that contributes to
Dialogue: 0,0:38:04.78,0:38:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the quality of articles and so on, and in\Nparticular they said, articles about
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.82,0:38:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,national security things, about terrorism\Nand so on, people didn't edit as much
Dialogue: 0,0:38:16.09,0:38:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about these things anymore because they\Nwere worried about ending up on a list.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:21.51,0:38:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other major topic that was chilled was\Narticles about women's health.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:27.35,0:38:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here's a picture of a vacuum\Naspiration abortion from the
Dialogue: 0,0:38:31.89,0:38:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikipedia abortion article and a couple\Nof people told us about how, "look, any
Dialogue: 0,0:38:39.05,0:38:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,site that has to do with women or women's\Nissues is more contentiously edited,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:44.61,0:38:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more likely of inflaming people,\Ngetting into edit wars, than other sites."
Dialogue: 0,0:38:50.10,0:38:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were a lot of trolls on the Internet\Nand there's a quote on the Internet:
Dialogue: 0,0:38:53.77,0:38:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Trolls have called their bosses and been\Nlike 'Do you know that your employee
Dialogue: 0,0:38:57.36,0:38:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was editing the clitoris article last\Nweek?'"
Dialogue: 0,0:38:59.51,0:39:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will do stuff like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:01.83,0:39:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this means that, y'know, in particular\Nsomeone talked about "I was a medical
Dialogue: 0,0:39:07.00,0:39:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,student, I had my obstetrics text book\Nopen, I was looking at the abortion
Dialogue: 0,0:39:10.89,0:39:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,article, I was thinking about making some\Nchanges, but then I just
Dialogue: 0,0:39:14.03,0:39:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pulled myself back and said, y'know,\NI don't need that in my life."
Dialogue: 0,0:39:20.46,0:39:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is another area where privacy\Nconcerns push back, cause people
Dialogue: 0,0:39:26.49,0:39:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to not necessarily do things...
Dialogue: 0,0:39:29.84,0:39:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's this idea of a threshold\Nof participation, that the more involved
Dialogue: 0,0:39:36.54,0:39:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are, the more active you are in a\Nproject, the more likely you're actually
Dialogue: 0,0:39:40.53,0:39:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gonna encounter real problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:43.57,0:39:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People involved in curating content,\Ndeleting things, promoting things,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:48.07,0:39:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arbitrating disputes, etc., they're going\Nto make enemies.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:51.62,0:39:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of these enemies are going to make\Nnasty threats,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:54.20,0:39:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of them are gonna act on them.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:56.55,0:40:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is another quote of somebody:\N"As long as I have that pseudonym ...
Dialogue: 0,0:40:00.00,0:40:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"As long as I have that pseudonym ...\N[[ see slide ]]
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.33,0:40:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[[ see slide ]]\N... that turns up when you do that."
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.55,0:40:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People mention in particular, from the\NWikipedia side, that there were two sites:
Dialogue: 0,0:40:14.72,0:40:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikipediocracy and The Wikipedia Review,\Nwhere people have critiques of Wikipedia
Dialogue: 0,0:40:21.15,0:40:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that people on these sites had done\Nthreats and doxing of various people
Dialogue: 0,0:40:27.86,0:40:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the arbitration committee.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:29.91,0:40:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone talked about "they found my\Nparents' home address, they found
Dialogue: 0,0:40:33.16,0:40:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of my old phone numbers, they wrote a\Nblog post about all of these
Dialogue: 0,0:40:36.44,0:40:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horrible things I've done, and here's my\Ncontact information,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:39.33,0:40:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for a good time call... and when it's\Non the Internet it doesn't die.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:45.10,0:40:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People that get to a certain level of\Ndoing things, like handling abuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:51.73,0:40:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:53.63,0:40:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So since I didn't have any privacy, I felt\Nlimited in what I could do, I could still
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.63,0:41:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,write articles but blocking people\Nwas something
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.22,0:41:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I tried to avoid, since I didn't wanna\Nget angry phone calls.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:03.21,0:41:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So someone else also talked about\Nactivities that they used to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.27,0:41:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then after receiving threats and\Nthings...
Dialogue: 0,0:41:08.43,0:41:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to check for use of the N-word, the\Nruder of the two F-words, one or two other
Dialogue: 0,0:41:12.44,0:41:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that were indicative of problems in\Nuser space, and I deleted lots and lots of
Dialogue: 0,0:41:16.97,0:41:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attack pages which were fairly hot in\Ndealing with them when they would
Dialogue: 0,0:41:20.26,0:41:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn up in article space, and when people\Ncreate a user account in somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:41:23.78,0:41:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,else's name and say a bunch of things\Nabout that person they won't agree with,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:27.38,0:41:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to deal with that, but then, y'know\Nthey're not willing to
Dialogue: 0,0:41:30.52,0:41:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deal with that anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:35.12,0:41:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Privacy measures that people took.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:37.96,0:41:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously in some cases people use Tor, we\Ntalked to Tor users where that's possible
Dialogue: 0,0:41:42.73,0:41:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People also talk about avoiding posting\Nlinking information and details
Dialogue: 0,0:41:46.46,0:41:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about who they are, not editing things\Nabout y'know, their local things,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:53.71,0:41:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things only they would know, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:57.71,0:42:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People talked about using Proxies or VPNs,\Nsome people talked about HideMyAss,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:02.75,0:42:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,editing from a public computer using\Nmultiple accounts in some cases, and
Dialogue: 0,0:42:08.47,0:42:18.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using privacy browser plug ins and\Nsafeguards like NoScript and Ghostery
Dialogue: 0,0:42:18.59,0:42:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked people, both Tor users and\Nnot Tor users if they had used Tor,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:23.54,0:42:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they thought of Tor, and there was\Nthis person who said: "I tried using Tor,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:27.36,0:42:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did, when I was younger, and everything\Nwas so slow and terrible, I was just like
Dialogue: 0,0:42:31.25,0:42:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'so not worh it'."
Dialogue: 0,0:42:32.85,0:42:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact a couple years ago, Tor was in\Nfact pretty slow - it's gotten better!
Dialogue: 0,0:42:38.47,0:42:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the Tor users still talked about\Nbit about latencies, but
Dialogue: 0,0:42:41.35,0:42:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of them talked about these issues of\NCAPTCHAs, unusable website features,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:45.63,0:42:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that it used to be slow...
Dialogue: 0,0:42:47.94,0:42:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Wikipedians on Tor talked about it\Nbeing slow or too much trouble,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:51.92,0:42:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just the need to download the software and\Nconnect to it every time... and people,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:56.07,0:42:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some people found it unnecessary.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:58.68,0:43:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was some other interesting things\Nthat came up.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:04.57,0:43:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people talked about how
Dialogue: 0,0:43:06.25,0:43:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they used information ?revelation?\Nas a defense mechanism.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:09.44,0:43:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This idea that, okay, I'm gonna give you\Nsome information about me, so you can't
Dialogue: 0,0:43:14.56,0:43:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really dox me because that's my address\Nright there, or whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:18.92,0:43:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But people talked also about the limits of\Nlong term participation. A lot of people
Dialogue: 0,0:43:23.74,0:43:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that talked to us had started editing or\Nparticipating in online projects
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.67,0:43:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a relatively young teenager,\Nand a lot of people
Dialogue: 0,0:43:32.68,0:43:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start with things like fixing typos,\Nbefore they later become a member
Dialogue: 0,0:43:37.45,0:43:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the arbitration committee, or something\Nlike that.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.63,0:43:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard to have this long term\Nperspective when you're first creating
Dialogue: 0,0:43:44.46,0:43:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your login name and you identity\Nand so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:48.65,0:44:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Until it happens to you ...\N[[ see slide ]]
Dialogue: 0,0:44:06.56,0:44:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[[ see slide ]]\N... some serious thought."
Dialogue: 0,0:44:11.85,0:44:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As most good, ethnographic studies do, and\Nas this one was intended to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:17.40,0:44:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it sort of raises more questions\Nthan answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:21.42,0:44:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was our goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:23.19,0:44:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're hoping... we learned that Tor users\Nand Wikipedians share some
Dialogue: 0,0:44:27.97,0:44:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,privacy concerns, but they do have some\Ndifferent perspectives.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:32.48,0:44:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we did learn that some value of\Nparticipation is being lost when people
Dialogue: 0,0:44:36.02,0:44:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't participate in a private way.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:38.87,0:44:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd like to use this work to do some\Nfollow-up studies, and also perhaps
Dialogue: 0,0:44:44.18,0:44:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build a larger survey study so we can\Nlearn more, see things that are more
Dialogue: 0,0:44:48.47,0:44:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quantitative about this work.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:53.40,0:44:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you find this topic interesting, a\Nshort plug for
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.87,0:44:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the privacy enhancing technology symposium
Dialogue: 0,0:44:59.25,0:45:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will be in July in Darmstadt.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:02.78,0:45:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not presenting this particular\Nwork here, but there is a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:45:06.37,0:45:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work on Tor, anonymity, privacy, so on\Nfrom the research community.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:14.76,0:45:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'd like to thank my co-authors,\NAndrea Forte and Nazanin Andalibi,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:19.48,0:45:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our interview participants, the WIkimedia\Nfoundation, the Tor project,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:25.40,0:45:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the National Science Foundation that\Nfunded Andrea's and my participation
Dialogue: 0,0:45:29.04,0:45:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this project, and all the people whose\Nimages I've used in my slides...
Dialogue: 0,0:45:33.87,0:45:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so... Thanks!\NAny questions? Oh and by the way
Dialogue: 0,0:45:36.90,0:45:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll be here for the whole conference, so\Nyou can find me afterwards if...
Dialogue: 0,0:45:42.95,0:45:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:45:51.55,0:45:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: Thanks a lot, Rachel\NGreenstadt. And so, we hopefully have
Dialogue: 0,0:45:56.51,0:46:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few questions from you in the audience,\Nyou can line behind the microphones
Dialogue: 0,0:46:01.40,0:46:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have 4 of them here in the audience\Nand also in the back there are 2,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:05.94,0:46:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we also have the Signal Angel present\Nbut he didn't get any questions yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:11.65,0:46:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe some comments or something?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:14.79,0:46:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some feedback from the crowd on the\NInternet?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:16.82,0:46:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rachel Greenstadt: but there is somebody\Nwith a... [inaudible]
Dialogue: 0,0:46:18.66,0:46:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: then let me immediately go\Nto the questions in the audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:23.37,0:46:26.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: We have microphone 2, please
Dialogue: 0,0:46:26.21,0:46:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HA: And, one second, can you please be\Nquiet if you go outside? Because that's
Dialogue: 0,0:46:32.90,0:46:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really rude.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:34.32,0:46:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question: did you find out if Wikipedia\Nfor example treats classical VPN or
Dialogue: 0,0:46:39.14,0:46:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proxies differently from Tor?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:40.77,0:46:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rachel Greendstadt: If what?\NQuestion: if they treat them differently
Dialogue: 0,0:46:44.03,0:46:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Tor, so do they have the same policy\Nin place for blocking, let's say,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:48.73,0:46:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,private VPN which can also be used to\Nchange your IP with the click of a button,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:54.37,0:46:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to bully someone but it might\Noffer less privacy than Tor, but if you
Dialogue: 0,0:46:59.24,0:47:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really only want to bully someone,\Nthat might be enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:01.87,0:47:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rachel Greenstadt: I think it depends,\Nis the answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.24,0:47:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The extensions that they have, they do\Nblock a lot of things from IPs so I think
Dialogue: 0,0:47:12.35,0:47:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it depends on if there's been abuse\Nthrough that thing before,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:15.70,0:47:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they try and block open proxies, I think\Nsome people said certain VPNs you can
Dialogue: 0,0:47:20.48,0:47:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still edit through, and some you couldn't,\Nit really depended.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:23.40,0:47:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: Thanks, microphone 1 please.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:28.01,0:47:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question: Wikipedia is by no means an\Nisolated case, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:31.52,0:47:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RA: No, no\NQuestion: And there's more and more
Dialogue: 0,0:47:34.57,0:47:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capability of blocking Tor exit nodes and\Nwhatnot, so where's the project going?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:39.51,0:47:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, the Great Firewall for example\Ncould very well block all its users from
Dialogue: 0,0:47:43.53,0:47:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accessing Tor, right?\NRA: It actually does.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:46.56,0:47:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it blocks people from accessing Tor and\Nit blocks people from accessing Wikipedia,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:52.28,0:47:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of the Tor project there are\Nmechanisms through using
Dialogue: 0,0:47:56.14,0:48:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pluggable transports and bridge addresses,\Nthey can actually help people still
Dialogue: 0,0:48:01.96,0:48:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,access Tor, and then they'll be able to\Nread Wikipedia, but then again
Dialogue: 0,0:48:05.92,0:48:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they won't be able to edit for these\Nreasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:08.05,0:48:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HA: So, again, we have 15 minutes of break\Nafter this, so you can get out after this
Dialogue: 0,0:48:13.34,0:48:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change the room, and please be\Nquiet if you really have to
Dialogue: 0,0:48:16.36,0:48:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leave the room already or if you come in\Nthe room already. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:20.44,0:48:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now to the Signal Angel, please.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:22.43,0:48:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Signal Angel: There is one question from\Nthe Internet, from ?Whyness?, he or she
Dialogue: 0,0:48:27.58,0:48:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is asking if there's actual a recorded\Ninstance of someone attempting to
Dialogue: 0,0:48:31.83,0:48:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put a pipe bomb in the post\Nbecause of Wikipedia edits.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:36.06,0:48:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RA: I certainly don't have such\Ninformation. This was just
Dialogue: 0,0:48:42.52,0:48:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people telling us things that they were\Nconcerned about, or things that
Dialogue: 0,0:48:46.80,0:48:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there had been threats that they'd\Nexperienced.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:51.00,0:48:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody that I know of specifically\Nmentioned that they experienced
Dialogue: 0,0:48:54.37,0:48:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pipe bomb.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:55.37,0:49:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Signal Angel: And another question from\N?a_monk?: if blocked Tor traffic
Dialogue: 0,0:49:01.47,0:49:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a problem, why does the Tor project\Npublish the exit IP list, making it
Dialogue: 0,0:49:05.84,0:49:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easy to block?
Dialogue: 0,0:49:08.33,0:49:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RA: That would be a question for the Tor\Npeople, my understanding of it is that
Dialogue: 0,0:49:16.00,0:49:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Tor project does try and be a good\NInternet citizen and they don't want to
Dialogue: 0,0:49:20.34,0:49:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encourage the kind of, sort of, arms race\Nthat would happen with sort of...
Dialogue: 0,0:49:26.65,0:49:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people trying to like find all the exits,\Nand block them versus making it
Dialogue: 0,0:49:30.35,0:49:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just look, here it is, this is what's\Ngoing on, and... it's also very helpful
Dialogue: 0,0:49:34.48,0:49:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're running an exit node, to be\Nable to say, look, this thing is
Dialogue: 0,0:49:37.97,0:49:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an exit node and that's what was going on\Nwhen this thing happened
Dialogue: 0,0:49:42.82,0:49:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through my computer. So I think, y'know,\Nthere's the ability of the exit relay
Dialogue: 0,0:49:49.37,0:49:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,operators to be able to say what they're\Ndoing is also an important concern.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:54.07,0:49:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: so there's standing someone\Nat microphone 5.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:59.12,0:50:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question: You mentioned zero-knowledge\Nproofs in the beginning, is there any more
Dialogue: 0,0:50:03.68,0:50:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research on this?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.27,0:50:13.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RA: Uhm, yeah, so... If you look at the\Nresearch on Nymble
Dialogue: 0,0:50:13.27,0:50:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Apu Kapadia, there's also some people
Dialogue: 0,0:50:15.64,0:50:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Nick Hopper's group at the university\Nof Minnesota, there's also
Dialogue: 0,0:50:19.09,0:50:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ryan Henry in Indiana University\Nthat's done a lot of work on this
Dialogue: 0,0:50:24.17,0:50:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Ian Goldberg's group at Waterloo,\Nthose are the people that I would
Dialogue: 0,0:50:27.68,0:50:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look up in terms of anonymous blacklisting\Nschemes, and I'm sure I'm forgetting
Dialogue: 0,0:50:32.36,0:50:35.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them right now, so hopefully\Nthey'll forgive me, but those are
Dialogue: 0,0:50:35.70,0:50:37.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good places to start.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:37.43,0:50:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: we have the next question at\Nmicrophone 1.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:41.80,0:50:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question: Do you know if Wikipedia ever\Nthought about hashing IP addresses,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:49.04,0:50:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the contributions are still unique\Nbut the users are anonymized?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.61,0:51:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RA: Nobody at WIkipedia talked to us about\Nthat, so I do not know if they thought
Dialogue: 0,0:51:02.03,0:51:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about that or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:04.09,0:51:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: and the last comment or\Nquestion at the Signal Angel microphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:10.56,0:51:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Signal Angel: Thanks, not really a\Nquestion, more a comment...
Dialogue: 0,0:51:14.86,0:51:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I just wanted to relate, indeed Wikipedia\Nblocking Tor is pretty concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:51:22.36,0:51:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also for Tor users because for instance,\Nthe French Wikipedia articles about Tor
Dialogue: 0,0:51:28.75,0:51:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have very, very poor quality and lot of\Npeople end up asking us questions about
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.65,0:51:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tor and are missing from because of that,\Nand I cannot fix it because I am not
Dialogue: 0,0:51:39.93,0:51:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,willing to edit Wikipedia without Tor. And\Nthat is also a pretty big issue I think."
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.50,0:51:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RA: Yeah, so it would be interesting from\Nmy perspective, using this to then look at
Dialogue: 0,0:51:49.11,0:51:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the articles, the types of articles about\NTor, about anonymous participation,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:53.23,0:51:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we would suggest... we'd like to do\Na bigger study, learn what articles about
Dialogue: 0,0:51:58.06,0:52:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that anonymous users would edit if they\Nwere going to edit Wikipedia, and then
Dialogue: 0,0:52:03.13,0:52:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could do an analysis like they did\Nabout the movie sites to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:52:07.31,0:52:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if these articles are in some way shorter\Nor of lower quality than other articles
Dialogue: 0,0:52:11.74,0:52:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're missing that perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:13.97,0:52:20.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: Thank you Rachel, thank you\Nfor the questions, and warm applause again
Dialogue: 0,0:52:20.57,0:52:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Rachel GreenStadt.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:21.96,0:52:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:52:23.78,0:52:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RA: Thanks
Dialogue: 0,0:52:25.99,0:52:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}tune playing{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:52:29.83,0:52:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subtitles created by c3subtitles.de\NJoin, and help us!