[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.92,0:00:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, there's a lot\Nhappening with the Moon.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.56,0:00:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China has announced plans\Nfor an inhabited South Pole station
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.93,0:00:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the 2030s,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.18,0:00:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the United States has\Nan official road map
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.91,0:00:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seeking an increasing number of people\Nliving and working in space.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.60,0:00:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will start with\NNASA's Artemis program,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.20,0:00:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an international program to send\Nthe first woman and the next man
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.74,0:00:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Moon this decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.03,0:00:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Billionaires and the private sector\Nare getting involved
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.65,0:00:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in unprecedented ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.04,0:00:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are over a hundred\Nlaunch companies around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.45,0:00:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and roughly a dozen private\Nlunar transportation companies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.94,0:00:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,readying robotic missions\Nto the lunar surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.60,0:00:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have reusable rockets\Nfor the first time in human history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.09,0:00:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will enable the development\Nof infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.48,0:00:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and utilization of resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.44,0:00:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While estimates vary, scientists think
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.86,0:00:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there could be up to a billion metric tons\Nof water ice on the Moon.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.22,0:01:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's greater than the size of Lake Erie,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.91,0:01:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and enough water to support\Nperhaps hundreds of thousands of people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.76,0:01:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living and working on the Moon.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.51,0:01:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So although official plans\Nare always evolving,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.31,0:01:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's real reason to think\Nthat we could see people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.98,0:01:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starting to live and work on the Moon\Nin the next decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.80,0:01:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the Moon is roughly\Nthe size of the continent of Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.04,0:01:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're starting to see\Nthat the key resources
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.96,0:01:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be concentrated in small areas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.43,0:01:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,near the poles.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.22,0:01:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This raises important questions about\Ncoordinating access to scarce resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.21,0:01:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are also legitimate questions\Nabout going to the Moon:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.86,0:01:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonialism, cultural heritage,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.77,0:01:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reproducing the systemic inequalities\Nof today's capitalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.44,0:01:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more to the point,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.29,0:01:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't we have enough\Nbig challenges here on Earth?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.74,0:01:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet governance, pandemics, terrorism,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.77,0:01:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, perhaps most importantly,\Nclimate crisis and biodiversity loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.73,0:02:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some senses,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.60,0:02:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea of the Moon as just a destination
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.44,0:02:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embodies these problematic qualities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.02,0:02:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It conjures a frontier attitude
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.51,0:02:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of conquest,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.92,0:02:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,big rockets and expensive projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.28,0:02:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,competition and winning.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.89,0:02:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's most interesting about the Moon
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.66,0:02:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't the billionaires with their rockets,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.13,0:02:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the same old\Npower struggle between states.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.86,0:02:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it's not the hardware at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.35,0:02:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the software.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.23,0:02:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the norms, customs and laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.49,0:02:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's our social technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.74,0:02:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's the opportunity to update
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.50,0:02:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our democratic institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.94,0:02:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the rule of law
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.11,0:02:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to respond to a new era\Nof planetary-scale challenges.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.100,0:02:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to tell you about\Nhow the Moon can be a canvass
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.96,0:02:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for solving some of our biggest\Nchallenges here on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.67,0:02:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been kind obsessed with this topic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.80,0:02:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I was a teenager.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.12,0:03:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've spent the last two decades\Nworking on international space policy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.26,0:03:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also on small community projects\Nwith bottom-up governance design.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.65,0:03:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was 17,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.56,0:03:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to a UN conference
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.31,0:03:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the peaceful uses\Nof outer space in Vienna.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.74,0:03:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over two weeks, 160 young people\Nfrom over 60 countries
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.79,0:03:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were crammed into a big hotel\Nnext to the UN building.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.32,0:03:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were invited to make recommendations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.35,0:03:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Member States
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.94,0:03:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the role of space\Nin humanity's future.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.64,0:03:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the conference,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.05,0:03:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of us were so inspired
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.77,0:03:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we actually decided\Nto keep living together.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.92,0:03:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, living with 20 people\Nmight sound kind of crazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.77,0:03:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but over the years it enabled us\Nto create a high-trust group
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.92,0:03:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allowed us to experiment\Nwith these social technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.73,0:03:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We designed governance systems\Nranging from assigning a CEO
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.33,0:03:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to using a jury process,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.87,0:03:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as we grew into our careers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.33,0:04:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we moved from DC think tanks\Nto working for NASA
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.56,0:04:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to starting our own companies,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.58,0:04:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these experiments enabled us to see
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.96,0:04:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how even small groups
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.19,0:04:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be a petri dish
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.68,0:04:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for important societal questions\Nsuch as representation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.49,0:04:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sustainability or opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.22,0:04:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People often talk about the Moon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.07,0:04:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a petri dish,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.31,0:04:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even a blank slate,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.66,0:04:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because of the legal agreements
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.21,0:04:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that govern the Moon,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.51,0:04:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it actually has something\Nvery important in common
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.90,0:04:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with our global challenges here on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.52,0:04:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They both involve issues
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.48,0:04:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that require us to think\Nbeyond territory and borders,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.46,0:04:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning the Moon is actually\Nmore of a template
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.01,0:04:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than a blank slate.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.36,0:04:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Signed in 1967,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.46,0:04:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Outer Space Treaty
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.74,0:04:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the defining treaty governing\Nactivities in outer space,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.39,0:04:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the Moon,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.76,0:04:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has two key ingredients
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.34,0:05:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that radically alter the basis
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.23,0:05:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which laws can be constructed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.19,0:05:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is a requirement for free access\Nto all areas of a celestial body.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.28,0:05:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second is that the Moon\Nand other celestial bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.85,0:05:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not subject to national appropriation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.79,0:05:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is crazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.77,0:05:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the entire earthly\Ninternational system --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.84,0:05:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United Nations,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.93,0:05:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the system of treaties\Nand international agreements,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.71,0:05:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is built on the idea of state sovereignty,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.79,0:05:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the appropriation of land\Nand resources within borders
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.46,0:05:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the autonomy to control free access
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.40,0:05:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within those borders.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.84,0:05:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By doing away with both of these,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.46,0:05:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we create the conditions\Nfor what are called the commons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.77,0:05:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based on the work
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.04,0:05:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Nobel Prize-winning\Neconomist Elinor Ostrom,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.14,0:05:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global commons are those resources\Nthat we all share,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.49,0:05:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that require us to work together\Nto manage and protect
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.99,0:06:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important aspects\Nof our survival and wellbeing,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.88,0:06:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like climate or the oceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.64,0:06:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Commons-based approaches
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.22,0:06:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offer a greenfield for institution design
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.02,0:06:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's only beginning to be explored
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.64,0:06:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the global and interplanetary level.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.30,0:06:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do property rights look like,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.92,0:06:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how do we manage resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.51,0:06:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the traditional tools\Nof external authority
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.26,0:06:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and private property don't apply?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.47,0:06:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though we don't have all the answers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.40,0:06:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,climate, internet governance,\Nauthoritarianism,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.85,0:06:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are all deeply existential threats
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.72,0:06:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have failed to address\Nwith our current ways of thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.72,0:06:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Successful paths forward\Nwill require us to develop new tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.22,0:06:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we incorporate\Ncommons-based logic
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.28,0:06:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into our global and space institutions?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.67,0:06:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, here's one attempt
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.88,0:06:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came from an unlikely source.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.79,0:06:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a young activist in World War II,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.71,0:06:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arvid Pardo was arrested\Nfor anti-fascist organizing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.98,0:07:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and held under death sentence\Nby the Gestapo.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.45,0:07:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.33,0:07:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he worked his way\Ninto the diplomatic corps,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.83,0:07:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually becoming
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.82,0:07:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first permanent representative\Nof Malta to the United Nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.75,0:07:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pardo saw that international law\Ndid not have the tools
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.65,0:07:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to address management\Nof shared global resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.24,0:07:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the high seas.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.58,0:07:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also saw an opportunity to advocate\Nfor equitable sharing between nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.16,0:07:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1967, Pardo gave a famous speech\Nto the United Nations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.26,0:07:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,introducing the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.68,0:07:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the oceans and their resources
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.51,0:07:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were the "common heritage of mankind."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.05,0:07:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The phrase was eventually adopted\Nas part of the Law of the Sea Treaty,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.10,0:07:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably the most sophisticated\Ncommons management regime
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.20,0:07:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the planet today.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.82,0:07:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was seen as a watershed moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.93,0:07:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a constitution for the seas.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.63,0:07:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the language proved so controversial
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.85,0:08:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it took over 12 years\Nto gain enough signatures
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.57,0:08:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the treaty to enter into force,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.49,0:08:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some states still refuse to sign it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.88,0:08:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The objection was not so much\Nabout sharing per se,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.42,0:08:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the obligation to share.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.97,0:08:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,States felt that the principle of equality
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.92,0:08:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undermined their autonomy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.93,0:08:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and state sovereignty,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.74,0:08:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same autonomy and state sovereignty
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.94,0:08:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that underpins international law.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.63,0:08:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in many ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.32,0:08:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the story of the common heritage principle
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.75,0:08:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a tragedy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.47,0:08:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's powerful because\Nit makes plain the ways
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.92,0:08:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the current world order
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.47,0:08:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will put up antibodies and defenses
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.52,0:08:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resist attempts at structural reform.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.26,0:08:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's the thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.33,0:08:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the outer space treaty has already\Nmade these structural reforms.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.22,0:08:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the height of the Cold War,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.55,0:08:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terrified that each\Nwould get to the Moon first,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.52,0:09:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States and the USSR
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.73,0:09:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made the Westphalian equivalent\Nof a deal with the devil.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.43,0:09:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By requiring free access\Nand preventing territorial appropriation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.68,0:09:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are required to redesign\Nour most basic institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.68,0:09:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and perhaps in doing so
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.31,0:09:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn something new\Nwe can apply here on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.90,0:09:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So although the Moon might seem\Na little far away sometimes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.89,0:09:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we answer basic questions now
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.48,0:09:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will set precedent\Nfor who has a seat at the table
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.80,0:09:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what consent looks like,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.20,0:09:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are questions of social technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.16,0:09:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not rockets and hardware.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.93,0:09:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, these conversations\Nare starting to happen right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.01,0:09:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The space community is discussing\Nbasic shared agreements
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.32,0:09:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as, how do we designate\Nlunar areas as heritage sites?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.02,0:09:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how do we get permission\Nfor where to land
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.21,0:09:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when traditional external authority
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.61,0:09:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't apply?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.01,0:09:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we enforce requirements\Nfor coordination
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.58,0:10:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it's against the rules\Nto tell people where to go?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.97,0:10:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how do we manage\Naccess to scarce resources
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.56,0:10:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as water, minerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.13,0:10:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even the peaks of eternal light,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.22,0:10:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,craters that sit\Nat just the right latitude
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.73,0:10:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to receive near constant exposure\Nto sunlight, and therefore power?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.26,0:10:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, some people think\Nthat the lack of rules on the Moon
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.06,0:10:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is terrifying.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.17,0:10:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are legitimately\Nsome terrifying elements of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.59,0:10:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there are no rules on the Moon,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.27,0:10:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then won't we end up\Nin a first-come, first-served situation?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.41,0:10:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we might,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.04,0:10:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we dismiss this moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.41,0:10:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not if we're willing to be bold
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.69,0:10:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to engage the challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.87,0:10:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we learned in our communities\Nof self-governance,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.56,0:10:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's easier to create something new\Nthan trying to dismantle the old.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.56,0:10:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And where else but the Moon
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.64,0:11:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can we prototype\Nnew institutions at global scale
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.54,0:11:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a self-contained environment\Nwith the exact design constraints needed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.14,0:11:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our biggest challenges here on Earth?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.81,0:11:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in 1999,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.07,0:11:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United Nations taught\Na group of young space geeks
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.57,0:11:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could think bigger,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.90,0:11:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could impact nations\Nif we chose to.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.60,0:11:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, the stage is set for the next step,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.59,0:11:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to envision what comes after
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.44,0:11:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,territory and borders.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.36,0:11:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.