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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.52,0:00:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}36c3 preroll music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.32,0:00:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: OK, good. Gauthier Roussilhe\Ninvestigates the impact of the digital
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.72,0:00:35.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry on the environment and how we can\Nactually reduce this industry's footprint,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.83,0:00:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ecological footprint. One example is his\Nown home page. It's visually appealing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.48,0:00:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it only loads in 450 kilobytes.\NGauthier stage is yours.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.28,0:01:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gauthier Roussilhe: So. So thank you for\Ninviting me here. Uh, so my talk will look
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.44,0:01:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at digital industry, but in a broader\Nscope. We gonna look and analyze what is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.24,0:01:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital industry nowadays, looking at what\Nis possible to do within transition. Which
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.68,0:01:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be our goal altogether. So to just\Ngive me a sense of who I am and from which
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.12,0:01:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,position I am speaking of. Uh, first of\Nall, I'm a designer. I don't know if there
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.48,0:01:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is much designers here, but it's quite a\Nnice practice, I recommend. Which means I
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.20,0:01:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make digital services. I don't have a\Ntechnical expertise on programing or
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.64,0:01:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coding, but I do understand a little bit.\NBut most of my work as a designer and also
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.72,0:01:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a PhD candidate, I've been looking at\Ntransitions, policies, energy policies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.16,0:02:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,environmental policies, legal policies,\Nwhen it comes to, and the Anthropocene and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.96,0:02:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the paradigm change, the paradigm shift\Nthat we to operate regarding that. So
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.32,0:02:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the scope of transition and climate\Ncrisis, environmental crisis, I've been
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.64,0:02:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking especially at the digital\Nindustry, its footprints. The way it will
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.64,0:02:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolve and if it's going far away from\Ntransition goals or if it is going the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.52,0:02:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same direction. I use sometimes the term\Nlow tech, which I don't really like. And I
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.08,0:02:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will explain later why. But basically\Nlooking at: What, what does, uh,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.68,0:02:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital... sustainable digital industry\Nlooks like? Which is quite a long way. And
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.40,0:02:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also I have been doing a side research on\Neconomics as it is very interesting to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.64,0:02:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at that when doing this kind of\Nstuff. At the same time I was also the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.96,0:03:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,director of online documentary called\NEthics for Design, looking at the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.96,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsibility of designers. When you put\Ngoods and services massively in people's
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyday life, what is your\Nresponsibility? So today my position as a
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.96,0:03:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speaker will be mostly looking at at least\Nmaking a transition politics arguments
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.12,0:03:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,linked to a social argument. But I don't\Nonly... I will not focus on technical
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.20,0:03:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arguments per se. I will focus on\Ntechniques and technologies through the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.80,0:03:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scope of transition. So please remember\Nthat I am not that much of a technician.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.40,0:03:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So first we need to set up the framework.\NI will not give you a lecture on the state
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.64,0:03:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the planet right now. I don't think you\Nneed me to go through that. And I think
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.48,0:03:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a far better people to talk about\Nthat. Anyway, I prefer to talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.28,0:04:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transition. So what is it? What are the\Ntargets? There is a first target. We all
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.73,0:04:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know it. That 2° target. Paris agreement,\Nwhich means we need to stabilize carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.24,0:04:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concentration in the atmosphere to 480 ppm\N(particles per million). To stabilize
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.53,0:04:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, to stay under 2° average on Earth,\Nwe need energy transition. We need to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.72,0:04:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apply an energy transition. And sometimes\Nwe reduce it to just shifting our energy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.40,0:04:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mix to less carbon intensive energy mix.\NWhen actually the first step is firstly to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.72,0:04:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduce energy consumption, then you can\Nmake it less carbon intensive. But if you
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.79,0:04:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't know, if you don't learn how to\Nreduce energy consumption, there not that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.15,0:04:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much to do. So I'm gonna go through that\Nfirst. And first, because I think we've
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.21,0:05:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been talking about carbon quite a lot. Uh,\Njust before. And also this morning with
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.57,0:05:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Adams. But I realize that not that\Nmuch people understand why we picked
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.18,0:05:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon between the halls of greenhouse\Ngases that are on earth. Why do we set up
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.92,0:05:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a target on carbon? Uh, carbon has two\Nspecificities: time lag, residence time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.16,0:05:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First thing to know about carbon is on\Naverage, a particle of carbon that just
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.83,0:05:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being emitted from your car will on\Naverage take 20 years to reach its maximum
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.92,0:05:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heating effect on the atmosphere. So when\Nwe are doing transition now or engaging
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.98,0:05:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for transient policies, we are doing it to\Nhave a result and effect 20 years ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.87,0:05:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we are doing stuff now, we are\Ndoing it for 2040 on average. So which
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.88,0:05:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means also that the transition. I mean,\Nthe emission for the next 20 years are
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.01,0:06:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not... we have pretty good estimates.\NSecondly, carbon has the highest residence
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.64,0:06:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time from all the greenhouse gases, one of\Nthe highest at least. It will take 20, uh,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.07,0:06:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10000 years for all the carbon that we\Nemitted so far to go through the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.95,0:06:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atmosphere. We add carbon. It doesn't go\Nthrough the atmosphere happily. And going
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.100,0:06:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the outer space. We add carbon. And\Nthe carbon that we emit today, right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.52,0:06:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will stay at least for 1000 years. And\Nsome of it will go through the carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.43,0:06:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cycle and will stabilize. But we are\Nadding more carbon in the atmosphere and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.56,0:06:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon has the specific nature of staying\Na very long time in the atmosphere. That's
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.11,0:06:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why our targets are in looking at carbon,\Nbecause it has the maximum heating effect
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.38,0:06:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regarding its residence time in the\Natmosphere. So if we look at France,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.15,0:07:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you have to remember that in this\Ntalk I'm speaking from the perspective of
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.46,0:07:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a French designer and most of the work\NI've been using as a result, I've been
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.15,0:07:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using or I've made is from the French\Nperspective and the French research. So on
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.18,0:07:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,average on France, we emit 12 tons of\Ncarbon equivalent per person per year. In
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.80,0:07:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Germany I don't know. I think you are\Nroughly around the same number. What's
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.80,0:07:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interesting here is that digital industry\Nin this total is almost 1 ton and 200
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.60,0:07:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kilograms of carbon equivalence. That's\Nwhere we are looking right now. With this
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.60,0:07:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk, we are looking only a small portion\Nin green, in goods and services, but it's
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.11,0:08:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dynamically linked to all the other\Nsectors. So when I'm operating transition
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.68,0:08:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this sector, I'm also looking: How does\Nit link to everything around them? And we
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.30,0:08:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to know that if we want to reach\NParis agreement, we have to stabilize our
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.28,0:08:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon emission per person per year to 2t.\NSo in France, we have a lot, we have to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.71,0:08:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduce by 10t of carbon emissions per\Nperson per year. So roughly, roughly the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.60,0:08:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same thing goes with Germany. So this is\Nanother calculation with less, just a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.80,0:08:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smaller amount because they don't\Nintegrate digital industry as much as a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.85,0:08:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precedent one. But basically the road here\Nis 11 to 2. And what's interesting: It's a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.97,0:08:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French study looking at what is my\Nresponsibility as an individual to go to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.40,0:09:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the target, and they estimated that with a\Nrealistic individual behavior change.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.30,0:09:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eating less meat, not taking planes, using\Nless car, biking, cycling more. I can only
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.92,0:09:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do one quarter of the effort needed. So\Nwhen companies are focusing on individual
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.36,0:09:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behavior change it's bullshit. Because\Nindividual behavior change always goes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.58,0:09:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with systemic change, which is three\Nquarters of the road we have to take. So
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.76,0:09:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cannot engage in individual behavior\Nchange. We thought asking or fighting for
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.88,0:09:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,systemic change. So here most of the road\Nthat we have to make is through
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.35,0:09:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decarbonizing or making less carbon\Nintensive industry, agriculture,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.28,0:09:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transport, public services, energy\Nproduction, something I cannot do through
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.40,0:10:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my own individual behavior, but my own\Nindividual behavior is needed. If I want
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.68,0:10:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to act on the political scale, on the\Nsystemic scale. So we live in a paradox,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.85,0:10:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then that's every individual change is\Nnecessary, but insufficient. But we need
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.92,0:10:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it. So looking back at digital industry,\Nwe need to frame digital industry in 0.6t
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.23,0:10:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of carbon left for goods and services.\NThat's where we need to put new
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.45,0:10:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imaginaries, uh, new ways of practicing\Ndigital in this target. And we have to
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.93,0:10:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,share it with other goods and services,\Nclothing and so on. So going quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.14,0:10:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the impacts of ICTs right now. In\N2019, 3% of the worldwide energy is
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.92,0:11:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consumed by ICTs, its main primary energy,\Nfuel, oil, gas, nuclear power,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.56,0:11:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hydroelectric power. Everything that we\Nneed to power, uh, transport, boats, cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.20,0:11:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your phone, data centers. 3% of worldwide\Nenergy is consumed by digital industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.24,0:11:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Accordingly to that, now, we are almost 4%\Nof greenhouse gases emitted worldwide are
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.44,0:11:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming from digital industry. But they are\Nonly numbers. So we need to see how they
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.48,0:11:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will evolve. Right now, the growth rate of\Nthese two numbers are quite shocking. So
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.24,0:11:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically, the energy consumption of this\Nindustry is doubling every 8 years, I
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.40,0:11:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think. Yeah, 9% of growth rate. That's the\Nonly industry worldwide, I think, with
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.32,0:12:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that kind of growth rate. And it goes with\Ngreenhouse gases emission 8%. So which
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.24,0:12:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give us perspective that digital industry\Nin 2025 will be 5% of all of the worldwide
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.20,0:12:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy consumption and 7.5% of greenhouse\Nemissions. The fact is greenhouse
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.84,0:12:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emissions are growing faster than energy\Nconsumption is because the increase of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.56,0:12:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy demand coming from digital industry\Ncannot be absorbed by renewables. You need
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.60,0:12:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coal power plants, or carbonated energy to\Ngo with this fast growth rate of digital
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.60,0:12:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry. So if I look closer at energy,\Nyou can see that right now on the global
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.60,0:13:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,average, 45% to 50% of all energy is used\Nto manufacture. And the rest of energy is
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.76,0:13:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for making things work, when you are using\Nthem. But it's a global average. And when
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.80,0:13:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are looking at that... So in our\Ncalculation methodology, we have 3 places
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.92,0:13:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are looking at: Consumer equipment,\Nnetworks, data centers. So we are looking
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.96,0:13:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the energy consumption of these three\Nplaces, both to manufacture them and to
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.08,0:13:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use them. But it's a global average. So if\NI look at a specific consumer equipment
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.84,0:13:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a smartphone, it will look like that.\NSo mainly when you are buying a
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.20,0:13:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smartphone, 90% of all energy has already\Nbeen used. And if you charge it every day
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.92,0:13:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for three years, it will be the 10% left.\NSo when you are using a phone, changing a
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.04,0:14:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,phone, you actually trashing 90% of\Nenergy. And then there is water, minerals
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.20,0:14:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so on. But I don't have time to enter\Nin this topic. So today the main impact of
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.96,0:14:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital industry is manufacturing and\Nproducing electricity to make all the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.88,0:14:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,infrastructure work. So when we think of\Nweb design or designing digital services.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.68,0:14:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's little compared to these impacts. But\Nwe need to think of services that enable
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.56,0:14:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce this impact. That's how we link\Nit together. And this infrastructure has
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.24,0:14:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been used mainly for videos. So Chris\NAdams, uh, showed this graph today. I was
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.84,0:14:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of the study that look at the impact\Nof online video on Internet. So mainly 20%
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.04,0:15:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all data moving in the world is not\Nvideo. 80% is video. So as Chris shows
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.32,0:15:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this morning, most of it is Netflix, uh,\Npornography, tubes and others. Uh, the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.40,0:15:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fact is Netflix with 150 million users\Nworldwide is basically representing 15% of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.32,0:15:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the global Internet traffic. And they've\Nbeen doing that for... And they launched
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.16,0:15:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the streaming services ten years ago, I\Nguess. So that's quite a big growth rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.44,0:15:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this graphic, I want to challenge it\Nbecause I was part of this study. So I
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.40,0:15:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also know its limits. This doesn't show\Npollution or energy consumption. It just
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.08,0:15:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows you data moving. And 1 gigabyte of\NNetflix data, video data, has way less
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.44,0:15:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy consumption than once you get bytes\Nof banking data, especially if it's
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.00,0:16:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running on old data centers that haven't\Nbeen be updated for 30 years. Netflix has
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.36,0:16:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incredible infrastructure. So moving 1 GB\Nfor Netflix is less energy. So it doesn't
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.24,0:16:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,represent energy consumption. It's just\Ndata moving. So how do we deal with that
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.80,0:16:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now? We have a good... We know the\Ntransient framework in which we are
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.60,0:16:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,operating. We know the impacts. How do we\Ndo differently knowing that? First we need
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.64,0:16:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to challenge the discourse that have been\Nput up when we speak of Internet and
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.40,0:16:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital infrastructure. When digital\Ninfrastructure arrived in civil society,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.88,0:16:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was two discourses. First that it\Nwas dematerialized. Secondly, that it will
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.44,0:16:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create a global village. Well, I think now\Nwe can know, we have enough data to say
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.16,0:17:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that both of these discourses were myth or\Nlies. If anything, digital industry is
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.68,0:17:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hyper-materialized. It requires an\Nastonishing amount of minerals, resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.96,0:17:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water, energy, infrastructures that never\Nbeen seen before for such a small. I mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.28,0:17:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such a young infrastructure. So when you\Nare dematerialized, you don't account for
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.40,0:17:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resources. You don't account for energy,\Nbecause there is no impact, at least in
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.84,0:17:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public discourse. When you think of a\Nglobal village, it's quite an aggressive
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.80,0:17:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing when you say global village. It\Nmeans basically your erase culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.52,0:17:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geography and history of places in which\Nyou are implementing the infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.44,0:17:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think we need to change this both,\Nthese discourses. If we want to look at
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.52,0:17:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what digital industry can be in a system,\Na paradigm of sustainability. And we have
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.28,0:18:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand that because of these two\Nthings that have been said about digital
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.24,0:18:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industry by default, at least in my\Nperspective, most of the usage of the uses
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.64,0:18:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were created with the current digital\Nindustry. By default energy intensive or
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.60,0:18:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high energy based, by default. I can show\Nyou quite easily with Netflix. So Netflix,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.52,0:18:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the biggest data movers on the\NInternet. But actually, when you think of
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.88,0:18:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it being able to broadcast to 150 million\Nusers worldwide, high quality videos, is
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.20,0:18:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,already based on the fact that they don't\Npay that much energy. And secondly, to be
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.08,0:18:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to incite people to watch more, to\Ncreate an interaction of auto play so
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.76,0:19:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people can see more and more videos, can\Nwatch more and more videos. It's because
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.72,0:19:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't account for energy. It's not a\Ncost. It's not really something that
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.04,0:19:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,matters. But also to look at Netflix\Nprecisely: Netflix also created one of the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.20,0:19:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very efficient network broadcast its\Nvideos. So here to be quite precise, when
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.44,0:19:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are watching a Netflix episode, it\Nwill never go through the Internet because
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.36,0:19:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in each data centers of Internet service\Nproviders, there is this little red box,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.68,0:19:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this little servers from Netflix that are\Nactually caching all the catalog every
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.04,0:19:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,morning. So when you are clicking on play\Non Netflix, it's just streaming you a
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.60,0:19:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,video from your ISP data center. So it\Nwill never go through the rest of the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.56,0:20:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet. So they actually don't, they\Noptimize a lot the streaming services. But
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.88,0:20:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact is, even if it's a very energy\Nefficient, they are growing so much that a
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.20,0:20:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gain of energy are being completely\Noverwhelmed by the growth rate that they
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.04,0:20:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are fostering through their practice. And\Nyet Netflix account for if it was going
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.48,0:20:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the Internet for real, it will\Naccount for 37% of all the peak internet
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.96,0:20:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traffic. So if we look at the way we think\Nof designing websites, applications, so
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.76,0:20:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on. Uh, normally we start with money.\NSomeone is giving you money and goals,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.52,0:20:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,targets that, in design we say KPI. So key\Nperformance indicators. And they will tell
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.92,0:20:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you, I want that much audience. I want\Nthat much engagements. I want that much
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.60,0:21:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people buying my stuff. Do a service. A\Nweb service. Uh, website application so
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.68,0:21:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can reach my targets. So from my\Nperspective, you are giving money for
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.40,0:21:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people to move data because also data is\Ngetting back to the people paying for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.36,0:21:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in this framework, when do we think of\Nenergy? When do we think of resources?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.20,0:21:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because so far we've been very good at\Ncreating efficient equipment and in
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.24,0:21:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,design, in the design practice, energy\Nnever really mattered. In computer
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.84,0:21:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sciences it's different. We created\Nfantastic efficient, energy efficient
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.88,0:21:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equipment. But the fact is, the more\Nefficient our equipment became, the more
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.60,0:21:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we consume of it. So there is a constant\Nrebound effect that it is not giving us
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.76,0:22:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any possibility to transition in a less\Nintensive infrastructure. So the fact is
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.59,0:22:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we never account for energy. We never\Naccount for resources from the design
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.38,0:22:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,side. And I've been trawling quite a few\Ndesigners with that, asking them, can you
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.22,0:22:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make me a website for 2 Watts per hour?\NNobody knows how to do that. No designers,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.12,0:22:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no designers can answer this question. And\Nthey might be very senior. I asked senior
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.79,0:22:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designers or students, junior designers,\Nnobody could answer this question. Because
Dialogue: 0,0:22:33.71,0:22:41.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy never mattered. So from the way I\Nsee it, I'm designing from energy, so I
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.91,0:22:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start with energy budget because my goal\Nhere is to reduce carbon emissions. To
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.10,0:22:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduce carbon emissions I need to reduce\Nthe amount of energy I'm consuming. To
Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.26,0:22:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduce the amount of energy I'm consuming,\NI need to reduce the amount of data I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.16,0:23:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving. And from that, I can decide how\Nmuch money I'm spending to design a
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.27,0:23:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specific service. I don't start from\Ncarbon. It is very inefficient and it's
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.41,0:23:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unfair because for most countries, I mean,\Nif I give like a carbon threshold... In
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.48,0:23:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France, we could do amazing website\Nspending a lot of energy because we don't
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.23,0:23:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a very carbon intensive energy mix.\NAustralia, USA will end up with very
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.02,0:23:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crappy websites because they will have\Nmaybe three kilobytes to move. So it's
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.88,0:23:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better to start from energy than from\Ncarbon, because energy is fair, to some
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.43,0:23:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extent. And it's more efficient to reduce\Nbecause it is more important to reduce
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.21,0:23:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy than to reduce carbon emissions.\NBecause if you reduce energy consumption,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.37,0:24:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,normally you would reduce carbon\Nemissions. So I did that with my website.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.60,0:24:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I start to realize the also blind\Nspot in Zen practice, I go for my own
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.17,0:24:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transformation. So my website is consuming\None kilowatt per hour for 1000 visits.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.46,0:24:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's quite an average website. I mean, no,\Nit's not average anymore. It's 450
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.74,0:24:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kilobytes on average. And I will add a new\Nthing in the next month, I will limit my
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.43,0:24:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traffic to 5000 visitors a month, because\Nif you want to constrain energy budgets,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.18,0:24:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to apply a real energy budget,\Nyou need to constrain traffic. So you have
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.88,0:24:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to decide how much visitors you want to\Ncome every month. And once there is there
Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.97,0:24:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be 5000 visitors then. So the other ones\Nwill wait for the next month and it's
Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.74,0:25:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fine. It's not that important to get\Ninformation all the time. So if you are
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.04,0:25:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not up to do all this calculation that I\Ncan explain with with you later. Uh, I
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.06,0:25:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,design a Firefox extension that shows you\Nthe amount of data moving. And so the
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.54,0:25:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy consumption and the carbon emission\Nlinked to this data moving on your
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.39,0:25:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computer from your browser and shows you\Nwhat's moving them. What are the different
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.12,0:25:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ways, where is the data going. And it\Ngives you some equivalences on charged
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.84,0:25:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smartphones and kilometer in a car. So I\Ndid that for, uh, for a lobby in France
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.13,0:25:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the shift project that also\Nproduced most of... a lot of the studies
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.32,0:25:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking for impacts of digital industry.\NIt's called Carbonalyser. So as I was
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.54,0:26:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying to do an energy budget, you need 3\Nthings: You need to describe or to reclaim
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.46,0:26:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy infrastructure. Where does your\Nenergy come from? It's very important. You
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.61,0:26:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need to reclaim the digital\Ninfrastructure, which is: What is hosting,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.52,0:26:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is the network, on which consumer\Nequipment? So you have to define in which
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.51,0:26:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,territory you're operating. So at that\Npoint, the global village is dead because
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.76,0:26:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cannot be global anymore, you need to\Nprecisely know where is your energy coming
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.68,0:26:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from, which are the impact of the data\Ncenter you are using in a specific place
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.96,0:26:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need to decide about traffic. So\Nnow while I'm working sometimes with
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.97,0:26:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clients, we decide how much traffic they\Nwant to go for. And we put a hard cap on
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.08,0:26:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that. So a good example of that, I think\Nyou all know it, is the Low Tech Magazine.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:51.40,0:26:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, they Reclaim Energy. They built a\Nsolar panel, I mean, they installed a
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.70,0:27:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,solar panel on a balcony in Barcelona that\Nis powering a website. You can see the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.28,0:27:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,battery in the yellow part on the website.\NSo first they reclaim energy. Then they
Dialogue: 0,0:27:06.40,0:27:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reclaim digital infrastructure. So they\Nare doing a self hosting with a Raspberry
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.99,0:27:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pi. And they are not looking at traffic so\Nfar, but it will come. That's kind of the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.00,0:27:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,example I want to show you, because the\Nterritory here is paramount to the design.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:29.12,0:27:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't design stuff without knowing why\Nit actually be. What is the materiality of
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.61,0:27:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you are doing? So and you can see\Nhere in the footers, they are also giving
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.56,0:27:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the weather for the next coming days in\NBarcelona, what's our base and where the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.20,0:27:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy is coming from. And because I was\Nspeaking of low tech, I just want to do
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.56,0:27:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a quick heads up on when we speak of\Nhigh tech or low tech. I'm coming from a
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.08,0:28:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social science background, especially\Nanthropology of techniques, philosophy,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.95,0:28:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political sciences and so on. So I've\Nalways been shocked by the word tech. What
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.36,0:28:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does it mean? Is it technology,\Ntechniques? Nobody defines it. So it was
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.43,0:28:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interesting, to say that when we think of\Nlow tech in our perspective of transition,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.88,0:28:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are speaking of low technology and high\Ntechniques. When when you are speaking of
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.95,0:28:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high tech from the Silicon Valley\Nperspective, you are speaking of high
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.03,0:28:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology, low techniques, which means\Nyou are relying on blackboxing technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.16,0:28:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making it the less open to people, which\Nmeans you will reduce drastically the
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.81,0:28:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skills and the knowledge that people can\Nget from the technology you are deploying.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.45,0:28:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So low techniques, low skills. On the\Nother way, when you think of low tech, we
Dialogue: 0,0:28:47.53,0:28:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are also relying on technology. You cannot\Ndo digital without thinking of high
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.07,0:29:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology Infrastructure. But you are\Nrelying less on that. And you are relying
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.75,0:29:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on techniques. How do you spread\Nknowledge? How do you share skills? How do
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.73,0:29:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you learn to maintain stuff is important.\NAnd I think you've been doing that for
Dialogue: 0,0:29:13.96,0:29:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite a while here. Not telling you\Nsomething new. But what's changing here is
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.67,0:29:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a perspective of drastically changing\Nliving conditions on earth. And also the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.69,0:29:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,material condition of production are\Ndrastically changing. The way we've been
Dialogue: 0,0:29:30.46,0:29:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extracting minerals, producing energy,\Nusing water for mining exploitation will
Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.07,0:29:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change forever and nothing will be the\Nsame anymore on that level. And this is
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.51,0:29:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more of my anthropology side speaking\Nhere, but I've seen much more interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.50,0:29:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stuff of empowerment, of what is\Ntechnology, what is digital infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.18,0:30:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other places in the world, especially\Nel paquete semanal in Cuba, which is
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.59,0:30:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically people coming to office in Cuba\Nwith a hard drive. They get one terabyte
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.44,0:30:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of TV shows, film, whatever, tutorials,\Nbooks, and they go back and they pay a
Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.99,0:30:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,little fee for that. It's basically a\Ncontent distribution network, except that
Dialogue: 0,0:30:20.25,0:30:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't need network, you just need your\Nfeet. Daknet in north India is quite
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.98,0:30:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interesting, too. They don't have access\Nto cellular or mobile networks as we can
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.56,0:30:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have here. So they deal with the problem\Nquite interestingly. So sometimes there is
Dialogue: 0,0:30:37.23,0:30:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this guy on a motorcycle with a little\Nantenna and sever in the back of the
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.50,0:30:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motorcycle and is basically going into\Nevery village in a specific place. He
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.42,0:30:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,broadcasts a signal. He creates a hotspot.\NEverybody is sending the stuff and he goes
Dialogue: 0,0:30:51.32,0:30:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from village to village and go back to the\Ncity. He plugs on the main network and
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.24,0:31:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything is sent. It's also do that with\Nbus that are picking up kids going to the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.41,0:31:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school. Also in Brooklyn: Every network\Ntells a story. Great initiative, people
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.08,0:31:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting to design their own networks and\Nto understand the materiality of networks
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.15,0:31:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the Association of French Internet\NProvider in France. Fantastic initiative,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:23.24,0:31:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too. So I will kind of conclude on that.\NThis is my own framework to think of
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.35,0:31:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital industry now in the context of\Ntransition. So we gonna start from the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.01,0:31:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inner circle: materialisation. That is the\Nissue with digital industry. That's the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.16,0:31:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only infrastructure that has been to my\Nknowledge that have been publicized and
Dialogue: 0,0:31:44.89,0:31:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thus a discourse of being dematerialized.\NYou cannot do that with roads, with roads
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.28,0:31:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,network or any other infrastructure,\Nthat's unique to digital infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.62,0:32:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first step is always to materialize\Nit. That's why we need the plugin. So you
Dialogue: 0,0:32:00.70,0:32:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can see that there is impacts, but this\Nimpacts you need to frame it in two
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.41,0:32:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different ways. You need to frame the\Nimpacts on the territory in which your
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.38,0:32:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy and your infrastructure is hosted.\NAnd also the impacts at the scale of the
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.84,0:32:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,earth. Watching porn is emitting carbon.\NSo you have a global impact with very
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.86,0:32:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intimate use of the Internet. Then you\Nneed to defend your territory. Very
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.38,0:32:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interesting, because since we've be living\Nin the myth of the global village, we
Dialogue: 0,0:32:36.49,0:32:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never thought on how the territory can\Nactually influence the way we are
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.82,0:32:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designing web services or websites. So we\Nneed to start from the territory, as low
Dialogue: 0,0:32:50.28,0:32:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tech magazine did, accepting the\Nconstraint of Barcelona and playing with
Dialogue: 0,0:32:55.48,0:33:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it. And then you need to understand that\Nwe also are working on a planetary scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.05,0:33:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I call terrestrialisation which is\Nlike kind of a mouthful. But that's what
Dialogue: 0,0:33:07.90,0:33:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is. We need to understand the effect of\Ndigital industry on a global scale, on a
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.10,0:33:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planetary scale. And the fact that the\Nliving condition on earth are quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.22,0:33:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing, are impacting territories, which\Nwill also impact the way we think of
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.34,0:33:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,services. So starting from the territory\Nis a good place to start because that's
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.40,0:33:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there is a materiality of digital\Nindustry. The ones that have been hidden
Dialogue: 0,0:33:35.40,0:33:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so far, or we don't want you to look at.\NAnd I wanted to finish with this little
Dialogue: 0,0:33:39.93,0:33:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,picture, because right now in France, we\Nare striking because of the reform of the
Dialogue: 0,0:33:47.91,0:33:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pension system. And there was something\Nquite interesting in the way the strike
Dialogue: 0,0:33:54.46,0:34:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolved in the last days, because in\Nbetween... there is many people striking
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.05,0:34:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in France right now, lawyers,\Nfirefighters. So the Paris Opera Ballet,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.07,0:34:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they want to change the pension\Nsystem. So we have moments now in Paris
Dialogue: 0,0:34:10.32,0:34:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the ballerinas are performing for\Nthe strikers. And it creates something
Dialogue: 0,0:34:16.37,0:34:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very interesting because it goes beyond\Nact of resistance. It creates beauty and
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.71,0:34:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunities in the way we think of\Nchanging the system. It goes beyond
Dialogue: 0,0:34:26.82,0:34:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resistance. It creates imaginaries. And\Nthat's the most important thing that we
Dialogue: 0,0:34:31.19,0:34:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need to do right now for the digital\Nindustry. Sustain and create imaginaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:37.04,0:34:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:43.67,0:34:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Gauthier, Merci beaucoup. We have\Nfive minutes time for a couple of
Dialogue: 0,0:34:48.51,0:34:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questions. Please line up at the\Nmicrophones. And is there a question
Dialogue: 0,0:34:57.58,0:35:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,already from the Internet? No question\Nfrom the Internet. Please to the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:02.77,0:35:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,microphones. Number three, please.\NQ: Okay. I'm still formulating it, but
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.84,0:35:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll try. I've been looking a lot about\Nhow the new push in the digital industries
Dialogue: 0,0:35:19.12,0:35:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is framed around the fourth industrial\Nrevolution, which is pushing us more
Dialogue: 0,0:35:23.92,0:35:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards Internet of Things, always on, the\Nartificial intelligence ideas the industry
Dialogue: 0,0:35:31.52,0:35:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is coming up with. And I'm wondering if\Nthere is a way to push us in the opposite
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.40,0:35:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,direction, to go away from personal\Ndevices and more towards library modes of
Dialogue: 0,0:35:44.32,0:35:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology? So like trying to create\Nplaces like the hack labs, the hack spaces
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.96,0:35:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we go to use things instead of\Npeople constantly having their devices on,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:59.04,0:36:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeding the data surveillance capitalism\Nand so going against the grain of pushing
Dialogue: 0,0:36:05.20,0:36:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against this expansionism. And if you have\Nlooked at that in that way?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:10.56,0:36:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gauthier: Well, I can give you like a\Nprime experience from the French landscape
Dialogue: 0,0:36:15.60,0:36:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think I'm only legitimate to\Ntalk about that. One thing that will be
Dialogue: 0,0:36:23.28,0:36:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite dramatic for the way digital\Nindustry is going to evolve is in my own
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.32,0:36:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perspective, the deployment of 5G because\Nfor 5G then you get autonomous cars, IoT,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:35.44,0:36:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4K videos streaming in a tube. It is not\Ngoing in a good direction. The
Dialogue: 0,0:36:41.84,0:36:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,massification of [unintelligible] is not a\Nsolution. And I was recently talking I
Dialogue: 0,0:36:47.52,0:36:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mean, giving a talk in the biggest, French\Ntelecom company called Orange. And there
Dialogue: 0,0:36:52.56,0:36:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually like, an inner revolt inside\Nthe company because engineers don't want
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.28,0:37:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deploy 5G because it's useless. We\Ndon't need that. And that's right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:02.32,0:37:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's kind of the shift that we are\Nobserving in France. We think there is a
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.52,0:37:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,momentum of people. I mean, also, some\Nlaws are getting passed in the parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:37:10.56,0:37:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regarding that. But companies in France, I\Nunderstood that they cannot do... they
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.56,0:37:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be accountable for environmental\Nimpact of digital industries. Uh, several
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.36,0:37:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities are contacting me to influence or\Nto give them advice on the digital
Dialogue: 0,0:37:30.16,0:37:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strategy, going far away from the 4th\NIndustrial Revolution, the Rifkin thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.64,0:37:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think right now it is about\Nresistance and trying to stop the coming
Dialogue: 0,0:37:42.64,0:37:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flow of whatever techno solution is\Nincoming from the Silicon Valley to
Dialogue: 0,0:37:48.64,0:37:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually stop at a specific moment. The\Nnext big infrastructure, which would be
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.60,0:38:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5G. Fighting against 5G in my regard is\Nwhat creates great space to rethink what
Dialogue: 0,0:38:01.20,0:38:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want from the digital industry and what\Ndigital use we want to foster.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:05.04,0:38:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}scattered applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:38:07.07,0:38:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Okay. We got time for one more\Nquestion. Microphone number two, please.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:12.00,0:38:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Q: Hello there. I found your model very,\Nvery interesting of terrestrialization,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:17.84,0:38:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,territorialization, materialization. I'm\Nlooking for like worked examples of what
Dialogue: 0,0:38:23.52,0:38:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,design decisions you would make\Ndifferently as a result for that. And I
Dialogue: 0,0:38:26.88,0:38:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't quite get that from the talk. Where\Nwould I look to find a really concrete
Dialogue: 0,0:38:31.12,0:38:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,example of this?\NRussilhe: Yeah. So there is free projects
Dialogue: 0,0:38:34.40,0:38:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going on now. The first one. Well, I got a\NEuropean fund actually, to do a specific
Dialogue: 0,0:38:42.00,0:38:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,project that I'm very keen on because I\Ndon't come from a big city. I come from a
Dialogue: 0,0:38:46.00,0:38:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rural place in France. And I always kept\Nthis perspective. What thinking from the
Dialogue: 0,0:38:50.64,0:38:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,territory, thinking from the rural aspect\Nof life. Well, what digital use are also
Dialogue: 0,0:38:57.44,0:39:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less excessive. So I receive funding to\Nmake low energy template to make cities
Dialogue: 0,0:39:05.52,0:39:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,websites. And so I want to spread this\Nopen source template. So all the little
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.20,0:39:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,village cities or little cities of France\Ncan get the best of what we can do
Dialogue: 0,0:39:19.04,0:39:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regarding low energy web design and spread\Nit through the territory of France. That's
Dialogue: 0,0:39:25.04,0:39:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we are doing right now. It will be\Ndocumented in, I mean, the first version
Dialogue: 0,0:39:29.44,0:39:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will pushed in March. Secondly, we are\Nalso doing another website for the low
Dialogue: 0,0:39:35.68,0:39:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tech lab in brittany. What we're doing\Nhere is documenting how to think
Dialogue: 0,0:39:41.20,0:39:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,differently of maps, digital maps\Nespecially. Because Google Map is not
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.12,0:39:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something I want to foster, especially in\Nterms of energy impacts, because even if
Dialogue: 0,0:39:51.20,0:39:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very efficient, there's so much\Ngrowth regarding its use that we need to
Dialogue: 0,0:39:56.00,0:40:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think differently. And when you think of\Ndigital maps, there is four. I look at it
Dialogue: 0,0:40:01.68,0:40:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a design perspective. So I see for\Nuses. Localisation: Where I am or where is
Dialogue: 0,0:40:07.20,0:40:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the point I'm looking for. Orientation.\NHow those are related? Modelization of the
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.52,0:40:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,map. Or, uh, what is the fourth one?\NGiving a route. When you are using Google
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.52,0:40:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,map, the photos that you are given at the\Nsame time. But because it was thought on a
Dialogue: 0,0:40:26.16,0:40:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high energy perspective, but you don't\Nneed to display the map if you don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:40:32.88,0:40:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you want to go. So it's not\Nnecessary to show the map if you haven't
Dialogue: 0,0:40:38.96,0:40:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided where you're going next. So we are\Njust, most of the use I've been developing
Dialogue: 0,0:40:44.24,0:40:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the digital industry so far, we are\Ntrying to rethink it very differently with
Dialogue: 0,0:40:48.72,0:40:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lowest energy possible. And it means\Nthat we need to break down some of the
Dialogue: 0,0:40:54.08,0:41:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that have been made. It will be\Ndocumented in February. So I have things
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.08,0:41:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show, but not yet.\NHerald: Encore en fois, merci beaucop.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:04.85,0:41:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Russilhe: Thank you.\NHerald: Gauthier
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.96,0:41:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.66,0:41:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}postroll music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:41:15.54,0:41:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subtitles created by many many volunteers and\Nthe c3subtitles.de team. Join us, and help us!