[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.82,0:00:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People use the internet\Nfor various reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.76,0:00:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that one of the most\Npopular categories of website
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.59,0:00:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something that people\Ntypically consume in private.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.64,0:00:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It involves curiosity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.17,0:00:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-insignificant levels\Nof self-indulgence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.99,0:00:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is centered around recording\Nthe reproductive activities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.28,0:00:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.61,0:00:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.67,0:00:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, I'm talking about genealogy --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.94,0:00:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.18,0:00:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the study of family history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.35,0:00:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes to detailing family history,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.41,0:00:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in every family, we have this person\Nthat is obsessed with genealogy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.38,0:00:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's call him Uncle Bernie.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.12,0:00:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uncle Bernie is exactly the last person\Nyou want to sit next to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.92,0:00:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Thanksgiving dinner,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.55,0:00:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he will bore you to death\Nwith peculiar details
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.38,0:00:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about some ancient relatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.46,0:00:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.75,0:00:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a scientific side for everything,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.64,0:00:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we found that Uncle Bernie's stories
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.65,0:01:00.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have immense potential\Nfor biomedical research.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.31,0:01:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We let Uncle Bernie\Nand his fellow genealogists
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.04,0:01:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,document their family trees through\Na genealogy website called geni.com.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.20,0:01:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When users upload\Ntheir trees to the website,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.35,0:01:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it scans their relatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.06,0:01:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if it finds matches to existing trees,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.16,0:01:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it merges the existing\Nand the new tree together.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.77,0:01:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The result is that large\Nfamily trees are created,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.74,0:01:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond the individual level\Nof each genealogist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.81,0:01:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, by repeating this process\Nwith millions of people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.96,0:01:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.80,0:01:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can crowdsource the construction\Nof a family tree of all humankind.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.29,0:01:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using this website,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.90,0:01:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were able to connect 125 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.74,0:01:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a single family tree.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.97,0:01:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I cannot draw the tree\Non the screens over here
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.78,0:01:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they have less pixels
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.97,0:01:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the number of people in this tree.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.50,0:02:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here is an example of a subset\Nof 6,000 individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.16,0:02:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each green node is a person.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.06,0:02:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The red nodes represent marriages,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.93,0:02:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the connections represent parenthood.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.56,0:02:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the middle of this tree,\Nyou see the ancestors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.95,0:02:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as we go to the periphery,\Nyou see the descendants.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.58,0:02:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This tree has seven\Ngenerations, approximately.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.69,0:02:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is what happens\Nwhen we increase the number of individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.95,0:02:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 70,000 people --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.80,0:02:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still a tiny subset\Nof all the data that we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.63,0:02:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite that, you can already see\Nthe formation of gigantic family trees
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.47,0:02:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with many very distant relatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.61,0:02:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to the hard work\Nof our genealogists,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.77,0:02:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can go back in time\Nhundreds of years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.42,0:02:47.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, here is Alexander Hamilton,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.88,0:02:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was born in 1755.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.87,0:02:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alexander was the first\NUS Secretary of the Treasury,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.66,0:02:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but mostly known today\Ndue to a popular Broadway musical.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.14,0:03:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that Alexander has deeper\Nconnections in the showbiz industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.08,0:03:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, he's a blood relative of ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.78,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kevin Bacon!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.02,0:03:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.08,0:03:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both of them are descendants\Nof a lady from Scotland
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.71,0:03:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lived in the 13th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.05,0:03:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can say that Alexander Hamilton
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.18,0:03:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is 35 degrees of Kevin Bacon genealogy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.39,0:03:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.85,0:03:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our tree has millions\Nof stories like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.11,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We invested significant efforts\Nto validate the quality of our data.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.03,0:03:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using DNA, we found that .3 percent of\Nthe mother-child connections in our data
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.44,0:03:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.72,0:03:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which could match the adoption rate\Nin the US pre-Second World War.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.85,0:03:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the father's side,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.66,0:03:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the news is not as good:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.15,0:03:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1.9 percent of the father-child\Nconnections in our data are wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.77,0:03:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I see some people smirk over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.16,0:03:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is what you think --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.90,0:04:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are many milkmen out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.71,0:04:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.80,0:04:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, this 1.9 percent error rate\Nin patrilineal connections
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.82,0:04:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not unique to our data.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.61,0:04:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Previous studies found\Na similar error rate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.70,0:04:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using clinical-grade pedigrees.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.25,0:04:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the quality of our data is good,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.80,0:04:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that should not be a surprise.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.96,0:04:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our genealogists have\Na profound, vested interest
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.76,0:04:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in correctly documenting\Ntheir family history.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.59,0:04:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can leverage this data to learn\Nquantitative information about humanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.21,0:04:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, questions about demography.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.83,0:04:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is a look at all our profiles\Non the map of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.25,0:04:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each pixel is a person\Nthat lived at some point.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.76,0:04:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since we have so much data,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.46,0:04:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see the contours\Nof many countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.26,0:04:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in the Western world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.39,0:04:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this clip, we stratified\Nthe map that I've showed you,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.96,0:05:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically, of births of individuals\Nfrom 1400 to 1900,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.06,0:05:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we compared it\Nto known migration events.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.48,0:05:06.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The clip is going to show you\Nthat the deepest lineages in our data
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.67,0:05:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go all the way back to the UK,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.32,0:05:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they had better record keeping,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.15,0:05:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they spread along\Nthe routes of Western colonialism.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.46,0:05:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's watch this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.14,0:05:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.78,0:05:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Year of birth: ]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.70,0:05:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[1492 - Columbus sails the ocean blue]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.66,0:05:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[1620 - Mayflower lands in Massachusetts]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.73,0:05:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[1652 - Dutch settle in South Africa]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.32,0:05:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[1788 - Great Britain penal\Ntransportation to Australia starts]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.53,0:05:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[1836 - First migrants use Oregon Trail]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.15,0:05:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[all activity]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.85,0:05:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I love this movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.42,0:05:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, since these migration events\Nare giving the context of families,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.54,0:05:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can ask questions such as:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.74,0:05:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the typical distance\Nbetween the birth locations
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.24,0:05:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of husbands and wives?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.07,0:06:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This distance plays\Na pivotal role in demography,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.77,0:06:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the patterns in which\Npeople migrate to form families
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.48,0:06:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,determine how genes spread\Nin geographical areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.71,0:06:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We analyzed this distance using our data,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.06,0:06:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we found that in the old days,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.37,0:06:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people had it easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.63,0:06:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just married someone\Nin the village nearby.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.96,0:06:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the Industrial Revolution\Nreally complicated our love life.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.69,0:06:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today, with affordable flights\Nand online social media,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.27,0:06:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people typically migrate more than\N100 kilometers from their place of birth
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.12,0:06:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find their soul mate.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.52,0:06:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now you might ask:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.74,0:06:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, but who does the hard work\Nof migrating from places to places
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.26,0:06:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form families?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.55,0:06:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are these the males or the females?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.75,0:06:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We used our data to address this question,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.93,0:06:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at least in the last 300 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.55,0:06:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we found that the ladies do the hard work
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.46,0:06:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of migrating from places\Nto places to form families.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.48,0:07:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, these results\Nare statistically significant,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.60,0:07:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can take it as scientific fact\Nthat males are lazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.10,0:07:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.28,0:07:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can move from questions\Nabout demography
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.84,0:07:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ask questions about human health.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.77,0:07:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, we can ask
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.28,0:07:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what extent genetic variations\Naccount for differences in life span
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.27,0:07:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.99,0:07:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Previous studies analyzed the correlation\Nof longevity between twins
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.54,0:07:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to address this question.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.41,0:07:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They estimated that the genetic\Nvariations account for
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.10,0:07:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a quarter of the differences\Nin life span between individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.69,0:07:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But twins can be correlated\Ndue to so many reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.31,0:07:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including various environmental effects
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.64,0:07:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a shared household.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.41,0:07:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Large family trees give us the opportunity\Nto analyze both close relatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.19,0:07:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as twins,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.42,0:07:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way to distant relatives,\Neven fourth cousins.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.75,0:07:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This way we can build robust models
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.46,0:07:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can tease apart the contribution\Nof genetic variations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.19,0:08:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from environmental factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.38,0:08:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We conducted this analysis using our data,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.30,0:08:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we found that genetic variations\Nexplain only 15 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.12,0:08:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the differences in life span\Nbetween individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.76,0:08:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is five years, on average.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.32,0:08:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So genes matter less than\Nwhat we thought before to life span.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.68,0:08:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I find it great news,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.44,0:08:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it means that\Nour actions can matter more.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.53,0:08:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smoking, for example, determines\N10 years of our life expectancy --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.83,0:08:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,twice as much as what genetics determines.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.24,0:08:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can even have more surprising findings
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.55,0:08:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we move from family trees
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.06,0:08:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we let our genealogists\Ndocument and crowdsource DNA information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.82,0:08:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the results can be amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.26,0:08:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might be hard to imagine,\Nbut Uncle Bernie and his friends
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.19,0:08:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can create a DNA forensic capabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.86,0:08:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that even exceed\Nwhat the FBI currently has.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.86,0:09:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you place the DNA\Non a large family tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.29,0:09:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you effectively create a beacon
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.43,0:09:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that illuminates the hundreds\Nof distant relatives
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.09,0:09:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are all connected to the person\Nthat originated the DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.50,0:09:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By placing multiple beacons\Non a large family tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.44,0:09:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can now triangulate the DNA\Nof an unknown person,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.19,0:09:23.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same way that the GPS system\Nuses multiple satellites
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.15,0:09:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find a location.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.23,0:09:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The prime example\Nof the power of this technique
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.87,0:09:31.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is capturing the Golden State Killer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.61,0:09:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the most notorious criminals\Nin the history of the US.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.16,0:09:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The FBI had been searching\Nfor this person for over 40 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.59,0:09:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had his DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.45,0:09:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he never showed up\Nin any police database.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.45,0:09:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About a year ago, the FBI\Nconsulted a genetic genealogist,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.18,0:09:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she suggested that they submit\Nhis DNA to a genealogy service
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.16,0:10:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can locate distant relatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.12,0:10:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did that,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.30,0:10:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they found a third cousin\Nof the Golden State Killer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.01,0:10:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They built a large family tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.38,0:10:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scanned the different\Nbranches of that tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.51,0:10:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until they found a profile\Nthat exactly matched
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.10,0:10:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they knew about\Nthe Golden State Killer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.70,0:10:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They obtained DNA from this person\Nand found a perfect match
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.32,0:10:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the DNA they had in hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.37,0:10:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They arrested him\Nand brought him to justice
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.74,0:10:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after all these years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.17,0:10:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then, genetic genealogists\Nhave started working with
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.44,0:10:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,local US law enforcement agencies
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.13,0:10:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use this technique\Nin order to capture criminals.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.41,0:10:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And only in the past six months,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.23,0:10:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were able to solve\Nover 20 cold cases with this technique.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.89,0:11:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luckily, we have people like Uncle\NBernie and his fellow genealogists
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.86,0:11:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who love families\Nand tirelessly study them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.01,0:11:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are not amateurs\Nwith a self-serving hobby.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.56,0:11:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are citizen scientists\Nwith a deep passion to tell us who we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.00,0:11:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they know that the past\Ncan hold a key to the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.98,0:11:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.19,0:11:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)