[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.48,0:00:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Instructor] I remember\Nwhen I was in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.78,0:00:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learnt numbers as one,\Ntwo, three, and so on,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.82,0:00:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then when I saw my class board
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.61,0:00:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has class one written on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.12,0:00:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, first standard,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.38,0:00:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes we call it\NSTD, so first standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.98,0:00:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then second standard was\Nnot written as two, but two I's
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.70,0:00:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know, second standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.25,0:00:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third standard was written like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.14,0:00:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fourth was written like\Nthis, an I and a V,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.38,0:00:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I did not understand\Nwhat was going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.75,0:00:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I asked my teacher, "What are these?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.20,0:00:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why are we writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.03,0:00:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"why aren't we writing just\Nsecond standard like this?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.05,0:00:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said, "Oh, these\Nthat you're used to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.38,0:00:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"they are Hindu Arabic numerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.69,0:00:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the ones that we usually use,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.82,0:00:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but there are other kinds of numerals
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.32,0:00:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"called Roman numerals."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.02,0:00:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that got me really curious
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.11,0:00:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also a little bit confused.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.49,0:00:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was asking why are there more than
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.05,0:00:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one ways to write numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.92,0:01:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if these are Roman numerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.86,0:01:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why don't we use them anymore?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.78,0:01:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course what are\Nthey in the first place?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.87,0:01:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why should I even learn them?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.41,0:01:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was main question,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.53,0:01:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so why should I know one\Nmore way of writing numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.38,0:01:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I just have one already?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.11,0:01:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more I learned about\Nit I realized that it was
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.95,0:01:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning about Roman\Nnumerals is sort of like
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.28,0:01:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visiting a math museum.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.99,0:01:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have gone to a\Nnormal or a usual museum
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.01,0:01:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might be used to seeing\Ndinosaurs or their skeletons.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.60,0:01:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen some fossils as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.85,0:01:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this shows that the\Nway the world is today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.90,0:01:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not the way it always was.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.78,0:01:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had other ways of doing things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.66,0:01:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we don't do anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.43,0:01:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I realized that Roman numerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.65,0:01:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or learning Roman numerals,\Nis similar to that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.01,0:01:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can go back in time and\Nsee how we used to count
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.03,0:01:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even think about questions like
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.52,0:01:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why we don't count like that anymore
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.30,0:01:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is what we're doing\Ntoday better and if so, how?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.99,0:02:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I learnt more about Roman numeral.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.34,0:02:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had these alphabets\Ndenoting some numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.35,0:02:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like in my usual numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.40,0:02:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have one, two, three,\Nfour, or what I call,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.28,0:02:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I say usual I mean\Nthe Hindu Arabic numerals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.90,0:02:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have one, two, three, four, five,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.89,0:02:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,six, seven, eight, nine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.20,0:02:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are my digits and\Nusing these I can make
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.54,0:02:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every other number possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.75,0:02:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so these are the digits of\Nthe Hindu Arabic system.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.17,0:02:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, if I also include
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.85,0:02:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pretty important zero to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.14,0:02:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So zero to nine make my\NHindu Arabic numerals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.21,0:02:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, in the Roman system,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.29,0:02:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had I, V, X, L, C, D, M.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.81,0:02:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these weren't really\Nthe English alphabets
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.85,0:02:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they used, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.68,0:02:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just picked the English alphabets that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.35,0:02:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked closest to the\Nsymbols that they were using.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.54,0:02:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were using some symbol\Nthat looked like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.98,0:02:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a stick basically,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.61,0:03:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a vertical stick to denote one
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.41,0:03:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they had a symbol V for five,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.06,0:03:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,X for 10, L for 50, and C for 100.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.91,0:03:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's, this is probably\Nenough if you know these
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.79,0:03:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you're interested then there's D
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.42,0:03:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this L-C-D always sticks out to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.69,0:03:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,D is for 500 and M is for thousand.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.86,0:03:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you can notice that using these
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.91,0:03:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't yet know how to form,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.55,0:03:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to read or write Roman numerals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.70,0:03:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All we now know is that these\Nare the digits that they use.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.45,0:03:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the Hindu Arabic system,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.18,0:03:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe I should write Hindu Arabic way out,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.69,0:03:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hindu Arabic system,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.71,0:03:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do we write numbers using these.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.23,0:03:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I want to write 120 then I would take
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.55,0:03:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a hundred in my third\Ndigit, as my third digit,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.39,0:03:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then put my two 10s and then zero ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.37,0:03:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I would call this 120.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.70,0:03:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm using the place value system
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.62,0:03:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you're probably\Nfamiliar with right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.66,0:04:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the place value system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.38,0:04:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Roman numerals did not\Nhave a place value system
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.78,0:04:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they did not even have a\Nspecific alphabet for zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.21,0:04:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is no zero as you can see here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.57,0:04:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they were quite a bit different
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.95,0:04:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from our Hindu Arabic numerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.03,0:04:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the interesting thing here is to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.01,0:04:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do we read and write in them
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.77,0:04:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not really to\Nremember to do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.42,0:04:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you probably won't be doing it too often.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.46,0:04:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just a fun exercise\Nthat we're going to be doing
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.52,0:04:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our own brains.