[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.31,0:00:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.67,0:00:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kids come like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.46,0:00:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Infinitely curious, always experimenting,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.27,0:00:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always learning, and\Nattacking the most difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.55,0:00:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tasks of a lifetime with tremendous gusto.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.02,0:00:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, just a few years later,\Nmany of the same children look like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.25,0:00:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.90,0:00:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.55,0:00:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have discovered that\Nchildren's mindsets
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.09,0:00:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can lay at the heart of this problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.84,0:00:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wrong mindset can make\Nthem afraid of challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.95,0:00:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afraid of effort, afraid of setbacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.71,0:00:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The important thing is this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.16,0:01:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have discovered where\Nthese mindsets come from,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.24,0:01:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they work, and how to change them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.40,0:01:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what I wanna\Nshare with you today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.40,0:01:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my work, we find that some case for\Nthe fixed mind set.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.07,0:01:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They think that their basic talents and\Nabilities are just these fixed traits,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.20,0:01:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a certain amount of\Nintelligent and talents and that's that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.80,0:01:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you'll see, this is the mindset\Nthat saps children's motivation and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.06,0:01:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stunts their minds, but\Nother students have a growth mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.94,0:01:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They believe their most basic talents and\Nabilities can be developed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.40,0:01:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through practice, learning,\Ngood mentorship From others.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.24,0:01:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't think everyone's the same or\Nanyone can be Einstein, but
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.33,0:01:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they understand that even\NEinstein wasn't the man he became
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.23,0:01:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before he put in years and\Nyears of dedicated labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.98,0:02:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm gonna talk about is, how do\Nmindsets work and how they can be changed?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.05,0:02:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did a study of hundreds of\Nstudents making a very difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.37,0:02:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school transition to seventh grade,\Nwhich is about 13, 14 years old.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.32,0:02:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my country,\Nthis is when the work gets harder,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.11,0:02:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the grading gets more stringent and\Nlots of kids turn off to school.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.65,0:02:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the beginning of seventh grade,\Nwe measured students mindsets and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.70,0:02:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we monitored their grades\Nover the next two years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.86,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.39,0:02:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The students with the fixed and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.90,0:02:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growth mindsets entered seventh grade\Nwith identical past math achievement.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.28,0:02:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by the end of their\Nfirst term of seventh grade,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.07,0:02:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their grades jumped apart and continued\Nto diverge over the next two years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.80,0:02:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why did that happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.14,0:03:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we showed that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.29,0:03:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kids with a fixed mindset\Nonly care about looking smart.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.83,0:03:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look smart and never look dumb.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.50,0:03:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore they avoided\Nchallenging learning task and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.70,0:03:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't study deeply\Nin order to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.79,0:03:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But those with the growth mindset,\Nthere was no risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.78,0:03:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They weren't showing how smart they were.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.26,0:03:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just dove into challenging learning\Ntasks with gusto like the babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.23,0:03:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second thing was that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.66,0:03:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two mindsets created very\Ndifferent beliefs about effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.38,0:03:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is critically important.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.92,0:03:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a fixed mindset, effort is a bad thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.51,0:03:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students believe if you really have\Nability, you shouldn't need effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.91,0:04:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you have to apply effort,\Nit means you are not very smart.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.79,0:04:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They subscribe to Homer Simpson's motto.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.91,0:04:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trying is the first step towards failure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.17,0:04:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the growth mindset,\Nkids understand that hard work and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.74,0:04:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practice, that's what makes you smarter,\Nand they also understand
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.22,0:04:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that even genius' have had to work\Nhard for their great discoveries.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.84,0:04:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they enjoy effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.61,0:04:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes them feel like they're learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.86,0:04:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than making them\Nfeel like they're dumb.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.95,0:04:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third thing we\Nfound was that the mindsets
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.15,0:04:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created completely different\Nattitudes towards setbacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.29,0:04:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a fixed mindset,\Nsetbacks have a really negative meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.07,0:04:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They mean you're not smart.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.95,0:04:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were smart, you wouldn't be\Nmaking mistakes or having failures.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.60,0:05:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So their tendency is to get defensive,\Nto hide mistakes, to conceal deficiencies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.67,0:05:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in a growth mindset,\Nthere's this realization
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.05,0:05:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that set backs are an actual\Npart of learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.57,0:05:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that you need to confront your\Nmistakes and deficiencies and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.85,0:05:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn from them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.44,0:05:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to say with the way I got into\Nthis field was that I was testing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.75,0:05:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some kids and they were reached\Nsome problem they couldn't solve.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.95,0:05:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of them said, I love a challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.04,0:05:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or another said,\NI was hoping this would be informative.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.28,0:05:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.80,0:05:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here were these ten year olds having\Nthese exuberant reactions to setbacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.78,0:05:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ultimately I understood\Nthey had a growth mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.94,0:05:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked our seventh graders\Nwhat they would do after a poor
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.44,0:05:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,score on the first exam in a new course.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.70,0:06:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's what they said.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.67,0:06:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who endorsed a fixed mindset said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.41,0:06:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd spend less time on\Nthis subject from now on.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.24,0:06:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would try to cheat on the next test.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.91,0:06:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.29,0:06:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This set back meant that\Nweren't smart at it and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.66,0:06:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effort isn't something they enjoy or\Nvalue.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.05,0:06:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are their options?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.83,0:06:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in a growth mindset, they'd said I'd\Nwork harder in this class from now on.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.05,0:06:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd spend more time studying for the test.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.98,0:06:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you how this works\Nin the brain, in this study
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.88,0:06:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the researchers monitored from
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.57,0:06:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brain as students worked on a task and\Nmade errors.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.74,0:06:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see this red hot brain on the right,\Nthose are growth mindset students
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.79,0:06:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,detecting the errors,\Nprocessing them and correcting them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.23,0:07:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the left, you have that\Nfixed mindset brain looking so
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.38,0:07:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cool, fleeing, running from\Nthe errors as quickly as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.17,0:07:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The good news is that when students\Nwere taught a growth mindset,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.52,0:07:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they looked like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.95,0:07:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a fixed mindset doesn't give\Nstudents a way to handle difficulty.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.45,0:07:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They give up, run away, become defensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.52,0:07:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you see students acting bored or\Nacting out or blaming the teacher,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.56,0:07:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is often trying to hide the fixed\Nmindset of fear, of not looking smart.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.18,0:07:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are these mindsets transmitted?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.02,0:07:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most interesting way that we've\Nstudied is how they are transmitted
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.40,0:07:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the praise parents,\Nteachers, adults give to kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.31,0:08:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We undertook this research at\Nthe height of the self-esteem movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.57,0:08:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the gurus were telling everyone,\Njust praise kids lavishly,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.58,0:08:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,globally, praise their talent,\Npraise their abilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.88,0:08:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 15 or more years of research,\Nwe have shown
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.28,0:08:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that praising children's ability\Nbackfires, it harms them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.49,0:08:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It does not create growth in young minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.08,0:08:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's how we found this out.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.03,0:08:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some studies, we brought ten year\Nolds into a room in their school.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.30,0:08:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we gave them initially ten\Nproblems from this non-verbal IQ test.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.74,0:08:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then after the ten problems,\Nwe gave each child one form of praise.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.77,0:08:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some children were praised for\Ntheir intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.69,0:08:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow, that's a really good score,\Nyou must be smart at this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.60,0:09:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some were praised for the process\Nthey engaged in, like their effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.43,0:09:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or their strategies that\Ncould be in other studies or
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.03,0:09:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their focus or their persistence.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.49,0:09:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow, that's a really good score,\Nyou must have tried really hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.42,0:09:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a third group was told, wow,\Nthat's a really good score.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.86,0:09:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we won't talk much about them,\Nthey were right in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.13,0:09:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.85,0:09:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we found that praising intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.80,0:09:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did indeed put students\Ninto a fixed mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.90,0:09:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It said, I can look inside of you and\Nmeasure how smart you are.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.81,0:09:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas praising the process put\Nthem into more of a growth mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.02,0:09:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to me, the most astonishing\Nthing was that praising
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.04,0:09:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intelligence turned kids off to learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.94,0:10:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we gave them a choice\Nafter the praise, hey,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.04,0:10:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do you wanna work on now?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.82,0:10:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something hard, you might make mistakes,\Nbut you'll learn something new.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.47,0:10:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or something you're good at,\Nso you're sure to do well.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.99,0:10:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the kids praised for
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.75,0:10:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intelligence chose the easy task\Nwhere they were sure to do well.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.91,0:10:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like to say they didn't wanna risk\Ntheir newly minted gifted label.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.29,0:10:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But those praised for
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.69,0:10:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the process overwhelmingly chose\Nthe hard task they could learn from.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.27,0:10:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, we gave everybody a hard\Nset of problems to work on.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.81,0:10:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those who were praised for\Ntheir intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.30,0:10:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after these hard problems,\Nwhen we went back to the easy ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.70,0:10:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed deeply undermined performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.28,0:11:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did not recover from\Nthe difficult problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.22,0:11:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Telling them that they were smart\Nmade their IQ lower on that test
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.67,0:11:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they encounter difficulty.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.95,0:11:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the kids praised for\Nthe process really flourished.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.26,0:11:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just two months ago published a study,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.88,0:11:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we looked at mothers'\Npraise to their babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.84,0:11:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The babies were one to three years of age.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.80,0:11:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we showed that the mothers' praise\Nto these babies predicted the child's
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.18,0:11:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mindset and desire for\Nchallenge five years later.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.30,0:11:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it starts young.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.35,0:11:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can always be changed,\Nbut it starts young.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.87,0:11:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now when I hear a mother\Ntelling her baby in the airport
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.68,0:11:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he's a genius, I stop her.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.49,0:11:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> [LAUGH]\N>> Other research also
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.03,0:12:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing parents' praise to their\Nolder kids too is predicting
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.23,0:12:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that child's mindset and\Ndesire for challenge over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.92,0:12:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've fallen in love with a new word, yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.90,0:12:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that's another way\Nwe can convey mindsets to kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.22,0:12:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned of a high school in Chicago,\Nwhere when students didn't pass a unit,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.49,0:12:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of getting a failing grade,\Nthey got the grade, not yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.69,0:12:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I thought, isn't that beautiful?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.24,0:12:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you get a failing grade,\Nyou're nowhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.94,0:12:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're dumb, you're at the starting gate.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.89,0:12:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not yet means, hey,\Nyou're on that learning curve,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.87,0:12:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe you're not at the finish line,\Nbut you're on that curve.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.57,0:12:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if a student says,\NI'm not good at, same as, yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.26,0:12:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't do it, yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.42,0:13:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get back on that learning curve.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.47,0:13:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I tried, but it didn't work yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.45,0:13:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It tells them, we have faith in\Ntheir ability to learn over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.46,0:13:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we expect them to.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.42,0:13:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we saw that a growth mindset had so\Nmany benefits, we asked,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.06,0:13:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could we teach it to kids?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.72,0:13:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in our original study,\Nwe took seventh graders, again,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.69,0:13:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that difficult transition, many of whom\Nwere already showing declining grades,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.36,0:13:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in math, and\Nwe broke them into two groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.78,0:13:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One group, the control group, got eight\Nsessions of fantastic study skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.17,0:13:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Skills that teachers told them, told us,\Nwould really help them that year.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.86,0:13:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the other group,\Nthe growth mindset group,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.38,0:14:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got eight sessions of study skills,\Nplus growth mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.86,0:14:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The growth mindset sessions\Nkicked off with this article,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.90,0:14:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You Can Grow Your Intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.93,0:14:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New research shows the brain\Ncan be developed like a muscle.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.00,0:14:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what they learned was this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.42,0:14:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were these neurons in their brain,\Nand every time they pushed
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.50,0:14:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of their comfort zone to\Nlearn something new and hard,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.34,0:14:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these neurons form new connections,\Nand over time, they could get smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.31,0:14:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kids love this message.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.53,0:14:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll never forget the boy\Nwho looked up at as and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.36,0:14:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said, you mean I don't have to be dumb?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.65,0:14:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.21,0:14:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The students who just got the study skills\Ncontinued to show declining grades,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.25,0:14:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the students who learned the growth\Nmindset have the, whoop, here we go.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.51,0:15:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have the motivation to put those skills\Ninto practice to grow their brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.01,0:15:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they showed a big\Nrebound in their grades.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.20,0:15:15.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it ever too late,\Nwe wanted to know are there ever students
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.55,0:15:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are too far gone to\Nbenefit from a growth mindset?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.88,0:15:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we recently completed this study,\N13 high schools in the US.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.74,0:15:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we focused on the lowest\Nachieving students.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.10,0:15:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half of them learned,\Nhalf of them were in the control group.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.43,0:15:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just learned about the brain and\Nhow they could enhance their memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.38,0:15:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the other half received online\Nlessons on the growth mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.38,0:15:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, again, it's how the brain grows\Nthrough learning when they work on new and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.62,0:15:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,difficult things.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.43,0:16:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing we found was\Nthat just three months later,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.28,0:16:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who had learned the growth\Nmindset lesson already had higher
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.75,0:16:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grade point averages and\Nthe second thing we found
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.12,0:16:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that those who did not have\Nthe growth mindset training were
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.34,0:16:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,failing more and more courses, but\Nthose who did get the growth mindset
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.84,0:16:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,messages were failing fewer and\Nfewer courses over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.34,0:16:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're doing a lot of new work\Nnow showing that the growth
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.34,0:16:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mindset learning the growth mindset,\Nkeeps the student in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.49,0:16:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fewer drop outs helps them make\Nthat transition to university
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.48,0:16:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're also doing a whole new line\Nof work with bullying and aggression,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.19,0:17:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and showing that teaching a growth\Nmind set about personal qualities
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.38,0:17:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lowers students tendency\Nto react with aggression.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.79,0:17:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're very,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.06,0:17:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very excited about these new places\Nthat we're taking the growth mind set.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.23,0:17:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, is the growth mindset for everyone?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.94,0:17:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does everyone wanna get smarter?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.36,0:17:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I know when I was a kid,\Nwe would have done anything for
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.52,0:17:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few more IQ points.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.01,0:17:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, my sixth grade teacher seated us
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.95,0:17:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the room in IQ order and\Nyou could not.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.23,0:17:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was already the highest\NIQ class in the school.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.98,0:17:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you weren't the highest\NIQ person in that class,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.69,0:17:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you were not allowed to\Nerase the blackboard or
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.61,0:17:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carry a note to the principal or\Ncarry the flag In the school assembly.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.55,0:18:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if someone said, hey,\Ndo you want more IQ points?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.69,0:18:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, tell me how.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.03,0:18:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in a really fascinating new study,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.41,0:18:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stephanie Fryberg took the growth mindset
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.19,0:18:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concept into Native American culture and
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.84,0:18:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she went back to her Native American\Nreservation where she grew up and
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.54,0:18:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she brought the growth mind set with her.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.22,0:18:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first, it didn't take.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.24,0:18:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kids weren't that\Nexcited about getting some
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.84,0:18:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more neuro connections in their brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.56,0:18:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when she made it culturally relevant,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.46,0:18:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relevant to the tribal values,\Nit could fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.79,0:18:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When she said, you can grow your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.87,0:19:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you grow your brain,\Nyou can really help your family and
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.62,0:19:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community thrive, it caught fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.73,0:19:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She also instructed parents and\Nteachers in how to promote
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.01,0:19:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a growth mindset and\Nhow to teach kids that every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.43,0:19:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,six hours of school were devoted\Nto growing their brains.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.26,0:19:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if a child didn't pay attention or\Ncut up or misbehaved,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.45,0:19:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they stayed in from recess and\Nteachers said, because we care about you,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.21,0:19:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want you to have six hours\Na day to grow your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.45,0:19:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was an elementary school on\Na Native American reservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.79,0:19:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90% minority and
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.74,0:20:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the school had been in\Nthe bottom 5% of the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.24,0:20:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where are they now?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.69,0:20:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After a year to a year and\Na half of this immersive growth mindset,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.30,0:20:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kindergarteners and\Nfirst graders now lead their district and
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.54,0:20:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's an affluence surrounding\Ndistrict in oral reading fluency.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.78,0:20:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,95% of the kindergarteners and
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.69,0:20:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80% of the first graders are proficient or\Nabove in reading.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.99,0:20:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third grade literacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.68,0:20:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,68% of third grade students met or\Nwere within ten points of the standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.25,0:20:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The previous fall, most of them had been\Nmore than 100 points below standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.17,0:20:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third to fifth grade, 60% of all students
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.87,0:20:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were showing more than\Na year of growth in math and
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.94,0:21:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literacy and\Nat least half of those students were
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.01,0:21:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing 1.5 to 2 years\Nof growth each year.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.98,0:21:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most important,\Nchildren now believe that their
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.69,0:21:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potential as native\Nstudents was unlimited.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.89,0:21:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want you to take\Naway from here today
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.18,0:21:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this idea that within a fixed mindset,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.46,0:21:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effort and difficulty make you feel dumb,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:37.90,0:21:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make kids feel dumb.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.62,0:21:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But within a growth mindset,\Neffort and difficulty,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.40,0:21:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what gives you neural connections,\Nnew connections and make you smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.78,0:21:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you feel that difference?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.43,0:22:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in summary, a growth mindset allows\Nstudents to embrace learning and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.84,0:22:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growth, to understand the role\Nof effort in creating
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.84,0:22:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intelligence instead of making\Nthem feel if they were smart.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.47,0:22:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wouldn't need effort and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.10,0:22:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it allows them to be resilient\Nin the face of setbacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.18,0:22:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And best of all, it can be taught.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.89,0:22:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to end with this proposal.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.83,0:22:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more research shows\Nus that human abilities
Dialogue: 0,0:22:33.92,0:22:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be grown, the more it become a basic
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.57,0:22:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human right for children to exist
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.06,0:22:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in environments that help\Nthem to grow those abilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.93,0:22:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to live in environments that help\Nthem fulfill their potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.90,0:22:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.82,0:23:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[APPLAUSE]