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我想介绍给你们我最喜欢的寄生虫

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我有上百种可以选择

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然而我选择了它

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它就是扁头泥蜂（也叫宝石蜂）

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你可以在非洲和亚洲的部分地区找到它

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不到1英寸长

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而且是种很美丽的寄生虫

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现在，你可能会说

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“这不是寄生虫吧”

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它不是绦虫

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不是病毒

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00:00:35,895 --> 00:00:38,639
蜂子怎能能是寄生虫呢？

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00:00:38,639 --> 00:00:40,553
你可能想到的是平常的黄蜂

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就是，住在自己纸筑的巢里的那种

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但对于扁头泥蜂

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它住在活的蟑螂身体里

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让我告诉你们这是怎么回事

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一只扁头泥蜂飞来飞去，寻找蟑螂

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当它找到了，就会落下并咬蟑螂的翅膀

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现在，我是那只蟑螂

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哎呦，我去！

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蟑螂想把它甩下来

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“离我远点！”

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扁头泥蜂会很快地叮咬蟑螂

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一瞬之间，蟑螂就动不了了

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过了约一分钟

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它苏醒过来

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站起来

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它现在可以逃跑了

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但它并没有

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它不愿意逃跑了

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只是待在那儿

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成为了一具僵尸奴隶

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我没有逗你们玩

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扁头泥蜂飞走了

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飞走并找了一个洞

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挖掘它让它可以容身

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然后返回去

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这期间有半个小时

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蟑螂还在哪儿

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现在要干嘛？

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扁头泥蜂抓住蟑螂的一根触角

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咬住

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蟑螂的触角

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然后拖着蟑螂

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蟑螂说，“好吧”

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就像被牵住的狗

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扁头泥蜂把蟑螂一路拖回那个洞

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蟑螂说，“是个好地方”

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扁头泥蜂仔细地做了点什么

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然后离开了洞穴

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封闭洞口

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留下蟑螂被埋在洞中，还是活的

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蟑螂说，“好吧，如果你让我待在这我就待吧”

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记得我刚刚提到，蟑螂做了点

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啊不，扁头泥蜂在离开之前

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做了点什么

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那就是产卵

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在蟑螂胸部下方产卵

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卵孵化后

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扁头泥蜂幼虫就出来了

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它看上去像有恶心大嘴的蛆

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在蟑螂身上咬了个洞

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从外面开始吃蟑螂的身体

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当它长大了，就像图里右边的

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当它长得足够大了

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它就决定爬到洞里

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爬到蟑螂身体里

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所以现在幼虫住在了仍然活着的蟑螂身体里

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而蟑螂并不在意

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有大约一个月的时间

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幼虫持续成长，成长，再成长

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然后化蛹，类似于做茧

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在里面长出眼睛

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翅膀

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腿

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这段时间蟑螂仍是活的，仍在等待

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最终泥蜂准备好离开了

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也就是蟑螂最终死去的时候

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因为这只完全态的成年泥蜂

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要爬出快死蟑螂的身体

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泥蜂抖动它的身体

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爬出洞穴

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离开并寻找另一只进行交配

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然后开始疯狂的新一轮循环

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是，这不是科幻故事

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它每天在世界各地发生着

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而科学家们完全为其着迷

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他们刚开始研究这是怎么做到的

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当你认真开始关注其中的科学时

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你会开始敬佩这种令人毛骨悚然的泥蜂

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要知道，当它攻击蟑螂时

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并不是随便叮咬

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它叮咬两个特定的地方

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它熟悉蟑螂的神经系统

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就像你熟悉你的手背

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第一处叮咬的是圆点的位置

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叫做运动规律发生器

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从名字你可以猜到

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这些神经细胞发出的信号

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控制腿部运动

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叮咬阻止了神经通道

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向腿部传递信号

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所以蟑螂实际上想逃的，很想逃跑

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但是它的腿已经无法移动了

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然后这样持续一分钟

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这是很复杂的药理学

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实际上我们也有类似的方法

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一种叫做伊维菌素的药

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来治疗蟠尾丝虫症（河川盲）

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它是由于一种寄生蠕虫

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进到了你的眼睛里

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如果你使用伊维菌素，你就使用相同的策略

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让蠕虫瘫痪了

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我们在1970年代发现这个治疗方法

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泥蜂却已经这样做了上百万年

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然后它第二次叮咬蟑螂

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实际上第二次叮咬，沿途有两个地方

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试着想象一下

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想象一个画面，你和你的朋友

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他有一根非常非常吓人的长针

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你的朋友

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或者至少你认为他是朋友

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把针戳近了你的脖子

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戳到你的脑壳里

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戳到一部分脑子的时候停了下来

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注射了一些药

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然后继续往里戳

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继续注射更多的药

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这里有两个特别的点

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标注为“SEG”

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你能看到图里蟑螂脑子末梢的标记，“Br”

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现在我们也可以这样做，不过挺难的

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它叫做立体定位药物递送

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你必须把病人放在一个大型金属框架里

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保持他们不能动

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你需要CT扫描来监看进行到哪儿了

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所以你看着图片，然后说

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“我们进行的对吗？”

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扁头泥蜂在自己的蛰刺上有传感器

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科学家认为它自己可以感知行进路线

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直达蟑螂的大脑

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精确到达正确位置

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刺入一个特定的神经元

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然后把东西注入进去

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所以这是很惊人的本事

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接下来发生的

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就是泥蜂取得了控制权

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蟑螂的身体不受控制

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自由意志被泥蜂剥夺了

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我们在泥蜂这么做之前

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都没有认识到蟑螂还有自由意志

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此外，我们还有很多不了解的

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我们还不知道这是什么毒液

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我们不知道它攻击的是蟑螂脑部

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哪一部分回路

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这就是我为什么

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在所有寄生虫当中，最喜欢扁头泥蜂

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因为我们还有很多要向它学习的地方

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非常感谢各位的聆听