WEBVTT

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大家好，我是法希达。今天我们将聊聊

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在巴西的非洲侨民

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🎵自由……

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🎵……是我的

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你知道巴西有非洲大陆以外

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最大的非洲侨民社区吗？

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巴西2010年的人口普查

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第一次展现了这一点

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大多数巴西人

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被认为是非洲人的后裔

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50.7%的巴西人

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相当于有超过一亿人

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自认为是黑人或者混血儿

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我将要告诉你的数据令人瞠目咋舌

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我们所知的跨大西洋奴隶贸易

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始于1526年，当葡萄牙人第一次完成

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跨大西洋到达巴西的奴隶航行

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从1501到1866年

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据估计，每年有490万非洲人口

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被贩卖到巴西

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这是跨大西洋奴隶贸易中

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所有奴隶贸易的将近40%

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并且，至少有其四倍的的奴隶

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被贩卖去美国

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巴西是西半球最后一个

NOTE Paragraph

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在1888年废除奴隶制的国家

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奴隶劳动是巴西几个关键产业的

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驱动力

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包括糖生产，黄金和钻石的开采

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咖啡制造业以及农业

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在拉丁美洲的这种情况下，

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在巴西被奴役的非洲人逃走

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并建立了被称为“Quilombo”的逃亡黑奴定居点

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其中最著名的是’帕尔马雷斯•基隆博‘

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它在17世纪普遍存在

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这是一个相对较大的黑奴定居点

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居住着几千名逃亡奴隶

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和土著人

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他们形成了一个复杂而有组织的社会

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人口达到顶峰时，居住着30,000人

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并且分布于11个村庄中

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占地面积与葡萄牙相当

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其中最著名的非裔巴西奴隶抵抗领袖是Zumbi

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他是帕马里的最后一个王

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曾领导抵抗试图抢占科伦博的

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葡萄牙军队

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尽管该定居点在1695年被占领了

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Zumbi也被斩首

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如今，他是反抗巴西奴隶制和

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葡萄牙殖民统治的象征

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直到今天，居住在科伦博定居点的

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非裔巴西人后代

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仍在为争取祖传土地的权利而斗争

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2018年，科伦博社区第一次获取土地所有权

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当时拥有500名居民的瀑布礼宾社区

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正式获得

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22万公顷的亚马逊森林

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于1804年结束的海底革命

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是一个关键的转折点

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海地的非洲裔人口

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反抗法国的白人精英，并要求独立

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同样是来自对法国殖民统治

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和欧洲奴隶制度的不满

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这在南美洲引起了轩然大波

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远至巴西都被其震撼

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一些非裔巴西人甚至将海底革命领袖，让•雅克•德萨林

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的肖像做成吊坠，挂在脖子上

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然而，在海地的制糖业崩溃之后

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对巴西食糖的需求与日俱增

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被奴役的非洲人被持续输入

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大量涌入了巴伊亚地区

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从海底革命开始

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奴隶叛乱变的更加频繁，也更加野蛮

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最大规模的叛乱发生在1835年的萨尔瓦多

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也被称作“男性起义”

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是由在非洲出生的穆斯林奴隶精心策划的

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他打算解放巴伊亚的所有奴隶

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然而，叛乱者被镇压

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许多参与者被逮捕，处决

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鞭打或者驱逐出境

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被奴役的非洲人之间的关系一度变得十分紧张

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这种情况存在于刚被送来的黑人奴隶

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和出生在巴西后沦为奴隶的

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非裔巴西人之间

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非裔巴西人由黑人和混血儿组成

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混血儿具有欧洲奴隶主的血统

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他们收到相对的优待，并且更有可能被解放

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这通常是因为他们是奴隶主的孩子

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一旦他们被释放

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他们就有更大的社会流动机会

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事实上，富裕的自由黑人和混血儿

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在巴西有自己的奴隶并不罕见

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也可以说，是这种内部分歧

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组织了被奴役的人

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成功的发动起义

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尽管巴西在1822年就脱离的葡萄牙的殖民统治

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但奴隶制直到1888年才被废除

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当巴西伊莎贝尔公主经过雷奥雷亚的

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黄金法案的时候

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