WEBVTT

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¡Hola a todos! Soy Faheedah,
y hoy vamos a hablar

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de la diáspora africana en Brasil.

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♪ Freedom is... ♪

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♪ ...mine ♪

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¿Sabíais que Brasil es hogar de
la mayor comunidad africana en diáspora

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fuera de África?

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El censo de 2010 en Brasil

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hizo patente que, por primera vez,

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la mayor parte de la población
brasileña

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se identificaba como afrodescendiente.

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El 50.7 % de los brasileños

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(el equivalente a más de 100 millones
de personas)

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se identificó como negro o mestizo.

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Las estadísticas que voy a mostraros
son realmente impresionantes.

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El comercio de esclavos a través
del Atlántico, tal y como lo conocemos,

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comenzó cuando los portugueses

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completaron el primer viaje esclavista
transatlántico yendo a Brasil en 1526.

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Desde 1501 hasta 1866,

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se estima que se traficó con unos 4.9 millones
de esclavos africanos

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con Brasil como destino final.

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Eso es aproximadamente el 40 %
de todos el tráfico de esclavos

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en el Atlántico,

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y al menos cuatro veces la cantidad
de esclavos

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que se enviaron a Estados Unidos
mediante el tráfico.

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Brasil fue el último país
del hemisferio oeste

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en abolir la esclavitud,
en 1888.

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El trabajo esclavista fue el motor

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que impulsó varios sectores industriales
en Brasil,

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incluyendo la producción azucarera,
la prospección de oro y diamantes,

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la producción de café
y la agricultura.

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Al igual que en toda Latinoamérica,

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los esclavos africanos en Brasil
acabaron escapando

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y formando asentamientos marginales
llamados "quilombos".

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El más famoso de todos ellos
fue el "Quilombo dos Palmares",

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que existió durante la mayor parte
del siglo XVII.

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Era un quilombo relativamente grande,

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con una población de varios miles
de esclavos fugados

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y de indígenas,

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los cuales crearon una sociedad
compleja y estructurada.

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En su apogeo, llegó a tener
una población de unos 30000 habitantes

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y se repartía entre un total
de once aldeas diferentes,

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llegando a ocupar un terreno
del tamaño de Portugal.

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El líder afrobrasileño más famoso
de la resistencia esclavista fue Zumbi,

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el último rey conocido de Palmares,

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y el cual lideró crueles contraataques
contra las fuerzas portuguesas

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que intentaban erradicar el quilombo.

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