[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey guys, I'm Faheedah, and today\Nwe're going to be talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.53,0:00:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the African diaspora in Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.28,0:00:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ {\i1}Freedom is...{\i0} ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.33,0:00:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ {\i1}...mine{\i0} ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.81,0:00:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you know that Brazil has the biggest
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.20,0:00:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African Diaspora Community\Noutside of Africa?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.96,0:00:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 2010 census in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.79,0:00:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed that for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.45,0:00:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the majority of the Brazilian population
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.64,0:00:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identified as afro-descendant.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.13,0:00:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50.7% of Brazilians.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.53,0:00:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the equivalent of over\Na hundred million people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.99,0:00:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-identified as black or mixed-race.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.75,0:00:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The statistics I'm about to give you\Nare truly staggering.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.03,0:00:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trans-Atlantic\Nslave trade as we know it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.49,0:00:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began when the Portugese\Ncompleted the first
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.99,0:00:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trans-Atlantic\Nslave voyage to Brazil in 1526.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.64,0:00:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From 1501 to 1866,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.32,0:00:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an estimated 4.9 million enslaved Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.59,0:00:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were trafficked to Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.14,0:01:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's nearly 40% of all slave traded
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.96,0:01:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the trans-Atlantic slave trade,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.03,0:01:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at least four times\Nthe number of slaves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.18,0:01:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were trafficked to the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.19,0:01:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazil was last country\Nin the Western Hemisphere
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.90,0:01:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to abolish slavery in 1888.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.77,0:01:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slave labour was the driving force
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.66,0:01:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind several key industries in Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.08,0:01:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including sugar production,\Ngold and diamond mining,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.29,0:01:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cofee production and agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.52,0:01:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As was the case across Latin America,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.35,0:01:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enslaved Africans in Brazil escaped
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.55,0:01:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and formed maroon settlements\Ncalled {\i1}Quilombos{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.32,0:01:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most famous of which\Nwas Quilombos dos Palmares,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.28,0:01:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which existed for most\Nof the 17th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.31,0:01:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a relatively large Quilombo,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.42,0:01:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a population of several\Nthousand escaped slaves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.29,0:01:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indigenous people,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.67,0:01:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who formed a complex\Nand structured society.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.60,0:01:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At its height, it had\Na population of 30,000 people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.20,0:01:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spanned over eleven villages,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.40,0:01:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occupying a landmass the size of Portugal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.45,0:01:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most famous Afro-Brazilian\Nslave resistance leader was Zumbi,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.54,0:02:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last king of Palmares,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.46,0:02:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who led the fierce counter-attack\Nagainst the Portuguese
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.21,0:02:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forces trying to seize the Quilombo.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.63,0:02:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although the settlement\Nwas captured in 1695
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.76,0:02:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Zumbi was decapitated,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.92,0:02:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today he is a powerful\Nsymbol of resistance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.26,0:02:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against slavery in Brazil\Nand Portuguese colonial rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.72,0:02:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To this day,\Nthe descendants of Afro-Brazilians
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.83,0:02:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in Quilombo settlements
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.79,0:02:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fight for the right\Nto their ancestral land.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.46,0:02:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2018, for the first time,\Na quilombo community
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.02,0:02:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was given land titles,\Nwhen the Cachoeira Porteiraa community,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.91,0:02:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 500 people, was formally granted
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.37,0:02:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,220,000 hectares of Amazonian rainforest.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.79,0:02:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A key turning point\Nwas the Haitian Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.31,0:02:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which ended in 1804,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.39,0:02:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereby the Afro-descendant\Npopulation of Haiti
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.03,0:02:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rebelled against the white French elites\Nand claimed their independence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.01,0:02:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both from French colonial rule
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.66,0:02:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their European slave masters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.25,0:02:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This sent shockwaves across Latin America,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.76,0:02:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which were felt as far as Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.11,0:03:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some Afro-Brazilians even wore\Nportraits of Haitian revolutionary leader
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.30,0:03:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jean Jacques Dessalines\Nin pendants around their necks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.74,0:03:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, after the collapse\Nof the sugar industry in Haiti,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.47,0:03:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was Brazil that catered\Nto the increased demand for sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.27,0:03:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enslaved Africans continued to be imported
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.89,0:03:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in large numbers to the region of Byir.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.58,0:03:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the Haitian Revolution onwards,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.50,0:03:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slave rebellions became\Nmore frequent and more brutal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.03,0:03:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The largest rebellion\Noccurred in 1835 in Salvador,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.79,0:03:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was known as The Malê Uprising.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.15,0:03:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was orchestrated\Nby African-born Muslim slaves
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.15,0:03:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who intended to free\Nall of the slaves in Bahia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.09,0:03:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the rebellion was crushed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.91,0:03:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many participants\Nwere arrested, executed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.74,0:03:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flogged or deported.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.48,0:03:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relations were tense\Nbetween enslaved Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.35,0:03:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had recently been imported
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.28,0:03:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the enslaved Afrio-Brazilians
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.20,0:03:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had been born\Ninto slavery on Brazilian soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.23,0:03:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Afro-Brazilians were comprised\Nof blacks and mulattoes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.06,0:03:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were mixed with the European ancestry\Nof their slave masters.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.67,0:04:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were treated better,\Nwere more likely to be emancipated,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.19,0:04:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often because they were\Nthe slave master´s children
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.71,0:04:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had great opportunity\Nfor social mobility
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.26,0:04:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once they had been freed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.72,0:04:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it was not uncommon\Nfor wealthy free blacks
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.83,0:04:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mulattoes in Brazil\Nto have slaves of their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.71,0:04:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was arguably these internal divisions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.91,0:04:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that held the enslaved population back
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.17,0:04:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from staging a successful revolt.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.53,0:04:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although Brazil gained\Nits independence from Portugal in 1822,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.65,0:04:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slavery wasn't formally\Nabolished until 1888,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.86,0:04:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Princess Isabel of Brazil\Npassed the {\i1}Lei Áurea{\i0},
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.13,0:04:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Golden Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.50,0:04:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This made Brazil the last country\Nin the Western Hemisphere
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.39,0:04:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to abolish slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.91,0:04:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sheer amount of slaves\Nthat had been trafficked to Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.69,0:04:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the slavery era\Nmeant that the Brazilian population
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.05,0:04:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was now majority\Nblack and afro-descendant.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.05,0:04:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At a time when\Nscientific racism was gaining popularity,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.88,0:04:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Brazilian government tried\Nto whiten the country´s racial profile.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.04,0:04:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It implemented a tactical whitening,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.38,0:05:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereby from the late 1800s\Nto the early 1900s,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.29,0:05:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazil encouraged and even subsidized
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.65,0:05:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mass influx of white\NEuropean immigrants to Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.15,0:05:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The countries with the\Nhighest numbers settling in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.92,0:05:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were Italians, Portuguese ans Spanish.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.97,0:05:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although this didn't eradicate\Nblackness from Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.93,0:05:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it reinforced the trope that whiteness\Nshould be aspired to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.27,0:05:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that marrying someone\Nwhiter was an instrument of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.96,0:05:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social mobility.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.34,0:05:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 20th century, \Nthe black movement in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.37,0:05:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gained momentum.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.76,0:05:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A defining moment was in 1931,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.32,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the Frente Negra Brasileira\Nwas formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.18,0:05:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first black political party in Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.69,0:05:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organized by Arlindo Vega dos Santos.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.75,0:05:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The party put forward candidates\Nfor political office,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.91,0:05:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,run literacy classes,\Nhealth clinics and legal services
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.32,0:05:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for black communities across Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.54,0:05:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also published a newspaper called
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.50,0:05:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Voz da Raça, which circulated news about
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.41,0:05:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,black communities both\Nin Brazil and overseas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.71,0:06:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The party was short-lived,\Nhowever, when in 1937
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.19,0:06:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Brazilian dictator,\NGetúllio Vargas dissolved all
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.52,0:06:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political parties
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.03,0:06:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the 1950s onwards,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.91,0:06:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were a number\Nof black social movements in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.63,0:06:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lobbied for black rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.56,0:06:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most famous\Nwas the Unified Black Movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.63,0:06:16.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also known as the MNU,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.48,0:06:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,founded in 1978,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.51,0:06:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is arguably the most influential\Nblack organization in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.12,0:06:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the second half of the 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.49,0:06:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among things, the organization spoke out
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.94,0:06:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against police brutality,\Nthe oppression of black women
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.08,0:06:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and discrimination against\Nthe LGBTQ community.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.91,0:06:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1995, the MNU helped organize
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.92,0:06:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the march for Zumbi
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.06,0:06:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the capital of Brasilia.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.91,0:06:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The event protested racism\Nin Brazil and also celebrated
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.54,0:06:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the anniversary\Nof the death of Zumbi,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.85,0:06:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the slave resistance leader
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.22,0:06:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was the last king of the\NQuilombo dos Palmares.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.14,0:06:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a turnout of over\N40,000 people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.08,0:06:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the largest national\Nblack demonstration in Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.51,0:06:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In recent years,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.76,0:06:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social media has played a pivotal role
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.75,0:07:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in black political activism in Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.23,0:07:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly amongst\Nafro-brazilian millennials.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.80,0:07:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social media platforms such as
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.70,0:07:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YouTube Instagram\Nand Facebook have allowed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.45,0:07:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afro-brazilians to connect\Nand mobilize online.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.60,0:07:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social media provides a forum
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.31,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discuss the collective struggle,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.12,0:07:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but crucially, it has also allowed\Nthe dissemination
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.80,0:07:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of photos and video footage
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.89,0:07:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing police brutality\Nagainst Afro-Brazilians.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.92,0:07:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One such example is the murder\Nof Cláudia da Silva Ferreira,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.72,0:07:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who passed away in 2014,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.24,0:07:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after a police van dragged her\Ndown the road
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.68,0:07:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for over a thousand feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.44,0:07:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The grisly incident was captured on camera
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.68,0:07:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and circulated on social media,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.81,0:07:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sparking national outrage.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.99,0:07:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Black Lives Matter\Nmovement, in particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.35,0:07:45.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gained traction\Nwith afro-brazilian youths,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.79,0:07:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who coined the #vidasnegrasimportam.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.06,0:07:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, an unprecedented number of people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.62,0:07:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-identified as black and mixed-race
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.93,0:07:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 2010 Brazilian census
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.95,0:07:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows that Brazilians\Nare prouder and more willing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.51,0:08:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to claim their African heritage\Nthan ever before.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.44,0:08:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the census also brought to light
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.64,0:08:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the grave disparities between
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.37,0:08:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the distribution of wealth\Namongst white
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.42,0:08:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and afro-descendant Brazilians.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.64,0:08:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The socio-economic gap
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.13,0:08:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between white\Nand black Brazilians persists.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.03,0:08:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 2010 census found\Nthat, in major cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.48,0:08:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white Brazilians earn\N2 to 3 times more than
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.14,0:08:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their black counterparts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.89,0:08:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wealthiest strata\Nof Brazilian society remains 82%
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.76,0:08:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white and the poorest rata is 76% black.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.99,0:08:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Afro-Brazilians have far less\Naccess to quality education,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.90,0:08:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,health care or fair wages,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.78,0:08:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are underrepresented\Nin the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.23,0:08:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most prominent\NAfrican derive religions in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.19,0:08:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are candomblé and umbanda.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.26,0:08:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Umbanda centers on the belief in spirits,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.89,0:08:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both good and evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.35,0:08:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Candomblé is derived from\Nthe belief systems
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.88,0:08:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a number of African ethnic groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.06,0:08:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly, the Yorubá-Fun and Bantu,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.86,0:08:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar to the Orishas of Santeria
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.66,0:08:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practiced in Cuba and other regions.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.04,0:09:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The deities of candomblé\Nare called "Arishas".
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.10,0:09:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over time, they have become\Nsyncretized with Roman Catholic saints.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.76,0:09:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This dates back to when enslaved Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.95,0:09:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were forbidden\Nby the European masters
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.01,0:09:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for practicing their African religions.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.22,0:09:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had to do so in secret,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.14,0:09:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the guise of praying\Nto Catholic saints,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.89,0:09:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the historical ties
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.42,0:09:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between candomblé and catholicism.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.57,0:09:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catholicism is also widely practiced
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.03,0:09:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amongst afro-brazilians.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.68,0:09:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One afro-descendants Saint\Nvenerated in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.72,0:09:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is Escrava Anastásia,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.65,0:09:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a slave woman of African\Ndescent who is depicted
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.15,0:09:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wearing a metal facemask.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.75,0:09:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The story goes that her\Nmaster's wife accused her
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.47,0:09:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of flirting with her husband,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.30,0:09:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a punishment forced\Nher to wear an iron mask
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.97,0:09:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over her face for\Nthe rest of her life,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.10,0:09:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until she died from tetanus from
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.90,0:09:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rusty metal.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.19,0:09:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The biggest afro-brazilian festival
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.38,0:09:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the Festival of Iemanjá,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.49,0:09:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,celebrated every February 2nd\Nin Rio Vermelho.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.84,0:09:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The festival brings toghether\Nmembers of several religions,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.09,0:10:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including Catholics and practitioners
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.04,0:10:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the afro-brazilian religions,\Ncandomblé and umbanda.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.62,0:10:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iemanjá is the Arisha of the sea
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.91,0:10:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and loosely corresponds\Nto the Cuban Arisha, Iamanha.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.14,0:10:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is custom to lay offerings for
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.01,0:10:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the goddess, of flowers jewelry and food.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.27,0:10:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, Brasil is famous\Nfor its Carnaval around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.24,0:10:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are celebrations across the country,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.35,0:10:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the most famous\Nis hosted in Rio de Janeiro,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.41,0:10:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where over 5 million people participate in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.80,0:10:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the street parties.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.24,0:10:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One key element of the Carnaval\Nis the Samba music and dance,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.04,0:10:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a clear vestige of African\Ninfluence in Brazilian culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.77,0:10:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fast footwork\Nof Samba dancing originated in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.50,0:10:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the dancers practiced\Nby the enslaved Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.98,0:10:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trafficked to Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.58,0:10:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the singing style derives from\Nthe traditional call-and-response style
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.07,0:10:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Africans would use to evoke their
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.86,0:10:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arishas during religious ceremonies.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.38,0:10:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another afro-brazilian style of dance is
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.60,0:10:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capoeira, which combines martial arts
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.06,0:10:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moves with elements of dance and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.74,0:10:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acrobatics to create graceful and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.93,0:10:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flowing sequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.46,0:11:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's originated amongst enslaved Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.63,0:11:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Brazil who sought to hone their combat
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.60,0:11:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skills without arousing the suspicions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.52,0:11:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their masters.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.88,0:11:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2014, it was declared\Nan expression of intangible cultural
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.54,0:11:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heritage by UNESCO.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.20,0:11:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Afro-Brazilian Museum,\Nlocated in São Paulo,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.37,0:11:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is home to over 6,000 works
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.55,0:11:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pertaining to a afro-brazilian history,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.62,0:11:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture and heritage.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.43,0:11:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seeks to celebrate\Nthe arts and accomplishments
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.05,0:11:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Africans and Afro-Brazilians,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.20,0:11:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it´s the largest collection\Nof artifacts of Afrcian descent
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.36,0:11:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.92,0:11:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Black Awareness Day has been celebrated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.06,0:11:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,annually in Brazil since the year 1960.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.93,0:11:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's held on November 20th\Nto honor the live
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.54,0:11:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of afro-brazilian slave\Nresistance fighter, Zumbi.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.09,0:11:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Famous afro-brazilians\Ninclude the footballers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.80,0:11:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pelé and Ronaldinho,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.60,0:11:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the scholar and politician,\NAbdias do Nascimento,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.81,0:11:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actress Suzanna Mota,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.48,0:11:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the politician Benedita de Silva,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.07,0:11:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who became the first black woman\Nin the Brazilian Senate.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.86,0:11:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That brings me to the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.88,0:12:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,end of our video\Non the African Diaspora in Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.12,0:12:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For more videos,\Ndon't forget to subscribe
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.46,0:12:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and follow me on instagram,\Nat freedom is mine official.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.29,0:12:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll see you in the next video.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.95,0:12:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Music]