[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey guys, I'm Faheedah and today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.95,0:00:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to be talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.53,0:00:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the African diaspora in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.28,0:00:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Humming] Freedom is...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.33,0:00:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mine.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.81,0:00:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you know that Brazil has the biggest
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.20,0:00:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African Diaspora Community\Noutside of Africa?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.96,0:00:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 2010 census in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.79,0:00:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows that for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.45,0:00:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the majority of the Brazilian population
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.64,0:00:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identified as afro-descendant.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.13,0:00:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50.7% of Brazilians.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.53,0:00:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the equivalent of over\Na hundred million people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.99,0:00:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-identified as black or mixed-race.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.75,0:00:41.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The statistics I'm about to give you\Nare truly staggering.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.93,0:00:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trans-atlantic\Nslave trade as we know it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.49,0:00:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began when the Portugese\Ncompleted the first
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.99,0:00:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trans-atlantic voyage to Brazil in 1526.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.64,0:00:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From 1501 to 1866,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.32,0:00:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an estimated 4.9 million enslaved Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.59,0:00:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were trafficked to Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.14,0:01:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's nearly 40% of all slave traded
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.96,0:01:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the trans-atlantic slave trade,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.03,0:01:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at least four times\Nthe number of slaves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.18,0:01:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were trafficked\Nto the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.16,0:01:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazil was last country\Nin the Western Hemisphere
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.90,0:01:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to abolish slaver in 1888.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.77,0:01:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slave labour was the driving force
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.66,0:01:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind several key industries in Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.08,0:01:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including sugar production,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.69,0:01:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,golden diamond mining,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.29,0:01:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cofee production and agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.52,0:01:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As was the case across Latin-America,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.35,0:01:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enslaved Africans in Brazil escaped
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.55,0:01:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and formed maroon settlements\Ncalled "Quilombos".
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.32,0:01:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most famous of which was \NQuilombos dos Palmares,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.28,0:01:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which existed for most of \Nthe 17th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.31,0:01:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a relatively large Quilombo,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.42,0:01:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a population of several\Nthousands escaped slaves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.29,0:01:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indigenous people,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.67,0:01:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who formed a complex\Nand structured society.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.60,0:01:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At its height, it had\Na population of 30,000 people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.20,0:01:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spanned over eleven villages,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.40,0:01:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occupying a landmass the size of Portugal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.49,0:01:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most famous afro-brazilian
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.28,0:01:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slave resistance leader was Zumbi,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.54,0:02:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last king of palmares,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.46,0:02:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who led the fierce\Ncounter-attack against the Portuguese
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.21,0:02:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forces trying to seize the Quilombo.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.63,0:02:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although the settlement\Nwas captured in 1695
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.76,0:02:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Zumbi was decapitated,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.92,0:02:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today he is a powerful\Nsymbol of resistance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.26,0:02:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against slavery in Brazil\Nand Portuguese colonial rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.72,0:02:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To this day,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.84,0:02:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the descendants of Afro-Brazilians
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.83,0:02:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in Quilombo settlements
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.79,0:02:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fight for the right\Nto their ancestral land.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.46,0:02:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2018, for the first time,\Na Quilombo community
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.02,0:02:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was given land titles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.74,0:02:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a community of 500 people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.56,0:02:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was formally granted
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.37,0:02:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,220,000 hectares
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.03,0:02:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Amazonian rainforest.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.79,0:02:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A key turning point\Nwas the Haitian Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.31,0:02:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which ended in 1804.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.39,0:02:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereby the afro-descendant\Npopulation of Haiti
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.03,0:02:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rebelled against the white French elites
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.10,0:02:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and claimed their independence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.01,0:02:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both from French colonial rule
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.66,0:02:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their European slave masters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.25,0:02:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This sent shockwaves across Latin America,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.76,0:02:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which were felt as far as Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.11,0:03:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some Afro-Brazilians even wore
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.85,0:03:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,portraits of Haitian revolutionary leader,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.30,0:03:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jean Jacques Dessalines
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.66,0:03:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in pendants around their necks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.74,0:03:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, after the collapse\Nof the sugar industry in Haiti,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.47,0:03:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was Brazil that catered\Nto the increased demand for sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.27,0:03:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enslaved Africans continued to be imported
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.89,0:03:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in large numbers to the region of Byir.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.58,0:03:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the Haitian Revolution onwards,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.55,0:03:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slave rebellions became\Nmore frequent and more brutal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.03,0:03:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The largest rebellion occurred\Nin 1835 in Salvador,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.79,0:03:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was known\Nas "The Malê Uprising."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.15,0:03:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was orchestrated\Nby African-born Muslim slaves
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.15,0:03:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who intended to free\Nall of the slaves in Bahia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.09,0:03:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the rebellion was crushed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.91,0:03:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many participants\Nwere arrested, executed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.74,0:03:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flogged or deported.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.48,0:03:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relations were tense\Nbetween enslaved Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.35,0:03:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had recently been imported
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.28,0:03:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the enslaved Afrio-Brazilians,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.20,0:03:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had been born\Ninto slavery on Brazilian soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.23,0:03:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Afro-Brazilians\Nwere comprised of blacks
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.31,0:03:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mulattoes who were mixed with the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.10,0:03:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,European ancestry of their slave masters.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.67,0:04:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were treated better,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.17,0:04:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were more likely to be emancipated,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.19,0:04:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often because they were\Nthe slave master´s children
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.71,0:04:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had great opportunity\Nfor social mobility
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.26,0:04:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once they had been freed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.72,0:04:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it was not uncommon for wealthy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.19,0:04:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free blacks and mulattoes in Brazil to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.14,0:04:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have slaves of their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.71,0:04:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was arguably these\Ninternal divisions that held the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.54,0:04:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enslaved population back
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.17,0:04:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from staging a successful revolt.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.53,0:04:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although Brazil gained\Nits independence from Portugal in 1822,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.65,0:04:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slavery wasn't formally\Nabolished until 1888,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.86,0:04:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Princess Isabel of Brazil passed\Nthe Lei Áurea,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.13,0:04:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Golden Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.50,0:04:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This made Brazil the last country\Nin the Western Hemisphere
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.39,0:04:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to abolish slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.91,0:04:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The amount of slaves\Nthat had been trafficked to Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.69,0:04:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the slavery era\Nmeant that the Brazilian population
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.05,0:04:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was now majority\Nblack and afro-descendant.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.05,0:04:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At a time when\Nscientific racism was gaining popularity,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.88,0:04:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Brazilian government tried\Nto whiten the country´s racial profile.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.04,0:04:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It implemented a tactical whitening,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.38,0:05:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereby from the late 1800s\Nto the early 1900s,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.29,0:05:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazil encouraged and even subsidized
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.65,0:05:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mass influx of white\NEuropean immigrants to Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.15,0:05:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The countries with the\Nhighest numbers settling in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.92,0:05:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were Italians, Portuguese ans Spanish.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.97,0:05:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although this didn't eradicate\Nblackness from Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.93,0:05:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it reinforced the trope that whiteness\Nshould be aspired to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.27,0:05:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that marrying someone\Nwhiter was an instrument of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.96,0:05:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social mobility.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.34,0:05:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 20th century, \Nthe black movement in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.37,0:05:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gained momentum.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.76,0:05:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A defining moment was in 1931,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.32,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the Frente Negra Brasileira\Nwas formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.18,0:05:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first black political party in Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.69,0:05:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organized by Arlindo Vega dos Santos.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.75,0:05:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The party put forward candidates\Nfor political office,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.91,0:05:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,run literacy classes,\Nhealth clinics and legal services
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.32,0:05:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for black communities across Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.54,0:05:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also published a newspaper called
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.50,0:05:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Voz da Raça, which circulated news about
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.41,0:05:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,black communities both\Nin Brazil and overseas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.71,0:06:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The party was short-lived,\Nhowever, when in 1937
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.19,0:06:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Brazilian dictator,\NGetúllio Vargas dissolved all
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.52,0:06:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political parties
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.03,0:06:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the 1950s onwards,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.91,0:06:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were a number\Nof black social movements in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.63,0:06:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lobbied for black rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.56,0:06:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most famous\Nwas the Unified Black Movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.63,0:06:16.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also known as the MNU,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.48,0:06:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,founded in 1978,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.51,0:06:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is arguably the most influential\Nblack organization in Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.12,0:06:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the second half of the 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.49,0:06:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among things, the organization spoke out
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.94,0:06:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against police brutality,\Nthe oppression of black women
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.08,0:06:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and discrimination against\Nthe LGBTQ community.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.91,0:06:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1995, the MNU helped organize
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.92,0:06:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the march for Zumbi
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.06,0:06:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the capital of Brasilia.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.91,0:06:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The event protested racism\Nin Brazil and also celebrated
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.54,0:06:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the anniversary\Nof the death of Zumbi,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.85,0:06:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the slave resistance leader
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.22,0:06:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was the last king of the\NQuilombo dos Palmares.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.14,0:06:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a turnout of over\N40,000 people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.08,0:06:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the largest national\Nblack demonstration in Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.51,0:06:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In recent years,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.76,0:06:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social media has played a pivotal role
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.75,0:07:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in black political activism in Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.23,0:07:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly amongst\Nafro-brazilian millennials.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.80,0:07:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social media platforms such as
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.70,0:07:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,YouTube Instagram\Nand Facebook have allowed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.45,0:07:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afro-brazilians to connect\Nand mobilize online.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.60,0:07:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social media provides a forum
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.31,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discuss the collective struggle,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.12,0:07:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but crucially, it has also allowed\Nthe dissemination
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.80,0:07:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of photos and video footage
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.89,0:07:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing police brutality\Nagainst Afro-Brazilians.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.54,0:07:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one such example is the murder of
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.73,0:07:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Claudia the Silva fajita who passed away
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.43,0:07:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 2014 after a police van dragged her
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.88,0:07:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down the road for over a thousand feet
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.86,0:07:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the grisly incident was captured on
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.17,0:07:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,camera and circulated on social media
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.39,0:07:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sparking national outrage the black
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.36,0:07:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lives matter movement in particular
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.04,0:07:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gained traction with afro-brazilian
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.11,0:07:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,youths who coined the hashtag vidas
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.51,0:07:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,import them the fact an
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.67,0:07:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unprecedented number of people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.62,0:07:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-identified as black and mixed-race
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.93,0:07:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 2010 Brazilian census shows that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.35,0:07:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazilians are prouder and more willing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.51,0:08:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to claim their African heritage than
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.25,0:08:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever before
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.27,0:08:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however the census also brought to light
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.64,0:08:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the grave disparities between the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.47,0:08:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distribution of wealth amongst white and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.60,0:08:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afro-descendant Brazilians the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.76,0:08:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,socio-economic gap between white and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.83,0:08:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,black Brazilians persists the 2010
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.07,0:08:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,census found that in major cities white
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.74,0:08:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazilians earn 2 to 3 times more than
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.14,0:08:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their black counterparts the wealthiest
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.48,0:08:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strata of Brazilian society remains 82%
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.57,0:08:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white and the poorest rata is 76 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.14,0:08:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,black afro Brazilians have far less
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.66,0:08:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,access to quality education health care
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.21,0:08:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or fair wages and they are
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.19,0:08:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,underrepresented in the government the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.41,0:08:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most prominent African derive religions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.63,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Brazil are candomble a and Amanda
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amanda centers on the belief in spirits
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.67,0:08:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both good and evil can delay is derived
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.67,0:08:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the belief
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.37,0:08:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,systems of a number of African ethnic
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.32,0:08:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,groups particularly Yoruba fun and Bantu
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.31,0:08:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar to the arisia of Santeria
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.66,0:08:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practiced in Cuba and other regions the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.82,0:09:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deities of candomble a are called the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.98,0:09:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orisha over time they have become
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.14,0:09:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,syncretized with Roman Catholic saints
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.33,0:09:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this dates back to when enslaved
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.34,0:09:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africans were forbidden by the European
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.44,0:09:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,masters for practicing their African
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.36,0:09:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,religions and so had to do so in secret
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.79,0:09:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the guise of praying to Catholic
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.01,0:09:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saints because of the historical ties
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.23,0:09:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between kin Bombay and Catholicism
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.57,0:09:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catholicism is also widely practiced
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.03,0:09:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amongst afro-brazilians
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.47,0:09:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one afro-descendants Saint venerated in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.29,0:09:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazil is ask Rafa and Aspasia a slave
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.02,0:09:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,woman of African descent who is depicted
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.15,0:09:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wearing a metal facemask the story goes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.55,0:09:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that her master's wife accused her of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.50,0:09:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flirting with her husband and as a
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.60,0:09:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,punishment force her to wear an iron
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.61,0:09:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mask over her face for the rest of her
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.41,0:09:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life until she died from tetanus from
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.90,0:09:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rusty metal the biggest
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.85,0:09:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afro-brazilian festival is the festival
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.10,0:09:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Yemanja celebrated every february 2nd
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.40,0:09:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in heal Vermeil the festival brings
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.92,0:09:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together members of several religions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.66,0:10:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including Catholics and practitioners of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.21,0:10:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the afro-brazilian religions can Don
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.07,0:10:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blake and Amanda Yemanja
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.29,0:10:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the arisia of the sieve and loosely
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.54,0:10:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,corresponds to the Cuban or Isha
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.25,0:10:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yemaya it is custom to lay offerings for
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.01,0:10:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the goddess of flowers jewelry and food
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.47,0:10:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course resin is famous for its
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.44,0:10:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carnival around Mardi Gras there are
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.54,0:10:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,celebrations across the country but the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.73,0:10:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most famous is hosted in Rio de Janeiro
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.98,0:10:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for over 5 million people participate in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.80,0:10:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the street parties one key element of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.47,0:10:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Carnival is the Samba music and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.39,0:10:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dance a clear vestige of African
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.64,0:10:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,influence in Brazilian culture the fast
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.13,0:10:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,footwork of Samba dancing originated in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.50,0:10:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the dancers practiced by the enslaved
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.24,0:10:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africans who were trafficked to Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.13,0:10:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the singing style is derived from
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.29,0:10:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the traditional call-and-response style
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.00,0:10:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Africans would use to evoke the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.80,0:10:48.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,orishas during religious ceremonies
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.74,0:10:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another afro-brazilian style of dance is
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.60,0:10:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capoeira which combines martial arts
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.06,0:10:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moves with elements of dance and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.74,0:10:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acrobatics to create graceful and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.93,0:11:00.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flowing sequences it's originated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.33,0:11:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amongst enslaved Africans
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.74,0:11:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raziel who sought to hone their combat
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.60,0:11:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skills without arousing the suspicions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.52,0:11:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their masters in 2014 it was declared
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.82,0:11:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an expression of intangible cultural
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.14,0:11:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heritage by UNESCO
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.03,0:11:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the afro-brazilian Museum located in San
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.67,0:11:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paolo is home to over 6,000 works
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.37,0:11:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pertaining to a per bazillion history
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.62,0:11:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture and heritage it seeks to
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.02,0:11:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,celebrate the arts and accomplishments
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.00,0:11:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Africans and Africa's ilion's and is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.43,0:11:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the largest collection of artifacts of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.32,0:11:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African descent in Latin America black
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.23,0:11:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Awareness Day has been celebrated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.06,0:11:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,annually in Brazil since the Year 1960
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.61,0:11:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's held on November 20th to honor the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.34,0:11:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life of our Brazilian slave resistance
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.20,0:11:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fighter zombie famous afro-brazilians
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.44,0:11:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,include the footballers Pele and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.30,0:11:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ronaldinho the scholar and politician of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.09,0:11:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gs the Nascimento actresses aermotor and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.48,0:11:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the politician benedita de silva he
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.27,0:11:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became the first black woman in the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.80,0:11:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brazilian center that brings me to the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.02,0:12:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,end of our video on the African Diaspora
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.12,0:12:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Brazil for more videos don't forget
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.49,0:12:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to subscribe and follow me on instagram
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.71,0:12:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at freedom is mine official I'll see you
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.99,0:12:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the next video
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.84,0:12:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Music]