[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.49,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Three sounds of the big bell ... ]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.38,0:01:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we will breath with \Nthe sound of the ticking clock.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.77,0:01:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breathing in for 2 or 3 seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.75,0:01:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breathing out for 4 or 5 seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.100,0:02:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually, the in-breath is \Nshorter than the out-breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.81,0:02:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we breath in for 3 seconds,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.27,0:02:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can breath out for 4, 5, 6 or 7 seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.21,0:03:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Thay's in-breath is 4 seconds \Nand out-breath is 7 seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.05,0:04:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can choose the length \Naccording to our lung's capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breathing in for however many \Nseconds as is comfortable,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.10,0:04:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and breathing out for however many \Nseconds as is most comfortable.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.25,0:04:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can follow this rhythm for a few minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.78,0:04:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we can change it, depending \Non the capacity of our lungs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.92,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you count like that, \Nthe thinking naturally stops
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.27,0:05:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you pay attention to your breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.54,0:05:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before going to bed you can \Nplace the clock nearby
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.10,0:06:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you breathe with the ticking of the clock..
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.86,0:06:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you breathe with the clock, \Nyou stop the thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.16,0:06:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, breathing in 1, 2, 3, \Nbreathing out 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.43,0:06:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1, 2, 3.\N1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.17,0:06:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can change the numbers with words, like:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.22,0:06:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buddha, dharma, sangha.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.58,0:06:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taking refuge in Buddha, dharma, sangha.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.21,0:06:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buddha, dharma, sangha. \NTaking refuge in Buddha, dharma, sangha.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.50,0:06:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of 1, 2, 3. \N1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.67,0:07:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you do walking meditation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.90,0:07:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can count your steps.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.44,0:07:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breathing in you can make 3 steps,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.29,0:07:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and breathing out you can make 5 or 6 steps.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.90,0:07:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes when you feel really well,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.28,0:07:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can make up to 7 or 8 steps on an in-breath,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.69,0:07:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 12 steps on an out-breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.28,0:07:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it depends.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.91,0:07:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like when you walk uphill,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.83,0:07:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the number of steps will naturally be less.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you go uphill, normally \Nyou make 2 steps on an in-breath
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.51,0:07:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and three steps on an out-breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.78,0:07:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it is really steep then \Nit's one step for the in-breath
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.42,0:07:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one step for the out-breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.29,0:08:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Counting your steps like that, \Nyou also stop the thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.08,0:08:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stopping the thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.08,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you pay more attention to \Nyour steps and your breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.39,0:08:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you do sitting meditation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you begin by becoming aware of your breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.83,0:08:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing is to become aware of the breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.08,0:08:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And breathing in, you can say,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.49,0:08:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Dear Buddha, I invite you to breath with my lungs."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.30,0:08:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the Buddha starts to breath,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.81,0:08:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see that the Buddha's back will be upright,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.73,0:09:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the Buddha always sits very upright.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.44,0:09:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Dear Buddha, I invite you to sit with my back.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.79,0:09:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sitting with my grandmother's back. \NI'm sitting with the Buddha's back."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.76,0:09:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So your spine becomes very straight and very relaxed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.61,0:09:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Buddha is breathing with your lungs,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.31,0:09:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you see the Buddha using \Nyour lungs to breath for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.40,0:09:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's wonderful.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.21,0:09:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While breathing like that, \Nyou experience dharma joy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.61,0:09:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's happiness while breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.54,0:09:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's relaxation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.38,0:09:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you experience the joy of practicing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.57,0:09:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know that you are breathing correctly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.00,0:09:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you don't feel the joy of practicing, \Nyou know that you are breathing incorrectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.98,0:09:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may be trying too hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.26,0:09:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're only breathing. It's not hard labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.47,0:10:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enjoy breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.34,0:10:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first part of sitting meditation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.84,0:10:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is calming the breath and the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.72,0:10:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To adjust the body so that \Nit is upright and relaxed,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.18,0:10:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the head aligned with the spine.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.81,0:10:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The head aligned with the spine,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.71,0:10:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.27,0:10:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but like this. \NIn line with the spine.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.71,0:10:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's very soft, very relaxed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.81,0:10:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the breath,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.44,0:10:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mind will permeate the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.92,0:10:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the body will permeate the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.32,0:10:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The embodied mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.64,0:10:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mindful body.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.65,0:10:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When body and mind are at one and relaxed,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.16,0:10:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you feel well,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.36,0:10:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at ease.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.17,0:11:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each time you do sitting meditation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.80,0:11:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to do this first.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.70,0:11:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You relax your body, you feel at ease,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.49,0:11:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you enjoy those first few minutes of sitting.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.64,0:11:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you breath out,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.42,0:11:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you feel your body relax.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.99,0:11:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you breath in it's the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.86,0:11:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though it's the in-breath, \Nyour two shoulders remain relaxed.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.81,0:11:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only the lungs are pumping air;
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.56,0:11:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't need to make any effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.61,0:11:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lungs do the pumping,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.30,0:11:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expanding and contracting.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.44,0:12:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, all the muscles \Nin your body are relaxed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.06,0:12:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So breathing out,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.00,0:12:20.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you feel your two shoulders, \Nyour whole body relaxed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.57,0:12:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When breathing in, you can also relax.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.04,0:12:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breathing in, simply allow your lungs to breathe,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.87,0:12:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the rest of your body can relax.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.96,0:12:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brain stem is in charge
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.24,0:12:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the respiratory
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.39,0:12:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and heart rates.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.05,0:12:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So allow it to do the work. \NYou don't need to do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.74,0:13:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just pay attention to \Nthe rhythm of the breathing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.17,0:13:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you wish,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.62,0:13:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can make the length of the breath longer
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.98,0:13:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that there's more dharma joy,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.53,0:13:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the joy of the practice is prolonged.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.66,0:13:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we feel that our body is relaxing,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.02,0:13:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relaxed,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.66,0:13:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know that the body's capacity for healing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.55,0:13:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.91,0:13:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our heart rate will slow down,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.00,0:13:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our immune system
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.03,0:13:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be boosted.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.34,0:14:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, the body begins to heal.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.26,0:14:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The body begins to heal itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.73,0:14:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same is true when we do walking meditation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.41,0:14:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each step is very relaxed.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.32,0:14:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You walk as if you are taking a stroll.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.81,0:14:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no rushing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.55,0:14:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With each step like that,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.100,0:14:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healing is taking place in the body
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.96,0:14:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the mind as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.39,0:14:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Healing for the body and the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.30,0:14:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So every breath is healing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.08,0:14:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every step is healing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.97,0:14:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As practitioners
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.78,0:14:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to make good use
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.60,0:14:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our breath and our steps to heal.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.07,0:14:44.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sitting meditation is healing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.100,0:14:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sitting, walking, breathing, we can heal.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.42,0:15:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So walking from the residence \Nto the meditation hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.81,0:15:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's an opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.16,0:15:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the residence, or from our quarters,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.51,0:15:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the meditation hall or to the kitchen,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.60,0:15:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's an opportunity to heal.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.45,0:15:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every step can be as relaxing and peaceful.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.69,0:15:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every breath can be as relaxing and peaceful.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.90,0:15:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Waking up in the morning
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.08,0:15:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stepping outside—
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.17,0:15:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's only 5 o'clock—
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.74,0:15:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can still see the moon and stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.18,0:15:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.20,0:15:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you take each step relaxingly like that,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.34,0:15:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you breathe in the fresh air—
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.21,0:15:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.72,0:15:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is already the Kingdom of God, \Nthe Pureland of the Buddha.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.21,0:15:51.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have to spend time
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.59,0:15:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enjoying moments like that fully.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.82,0:15:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,City people don't wake up so early.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.84,0:16:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also don't get to enjoy
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.36,0:16:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fragrance of the earth at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.44,0:16:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They cannot see the moon and stars as clearly.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.22,0:16:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they're missing out.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.14,0:16:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.78,0:16:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while walking to the bathroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.07,0:16:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while brushing your teeth
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.41,0:16:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or while splashing cold water on your face,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.44,0:16:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these moments can all be
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.83,0:16:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moments of relaxation and healing.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.77,0:16:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have some illness or other,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.59,0:16:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's temporary or chronic.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.28,0:16:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can make use of \Nthe sitting, the walking, the breathing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.38,0:16:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help the body heal.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.57,0:17:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Healing can take place in every moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.05,0:17:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you breathe out \Nand you are completely relaxed,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.65,0:17:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the out-breath may last 5 or 7 seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.68,0:17:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those 5 or 7 seconds of \Nbreathing and relaxation is healing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.66,0:17:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breathing in, you can also relax.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.79,0:17:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breathing out, you relax again,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.15,0:17:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so your body has a chance to heal.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.51,0:17:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same is true for the body as well as the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.30,0:17:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When there is pain, anxiety or irritation,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.100,0:17:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the breath,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.08,0:17:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mindful breath
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.06,0:17:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can embrace that mental formation
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.35,0:17:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help to calm it down.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.97,0:18:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We often speak about relaxing the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.86,0:18:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the sutras also speak \Nabout relaxing the feeling,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.02,0:18:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relaxing the emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.24,0:18:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relaxing the feeling, the emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.98,0:18:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An emotion, a feeling, is an energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.89,0:18:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may be pleasant or unpleasant.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.86,0:18:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when it's a strong emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.99,0:18:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are not peaceful.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.88,0:18:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if it is a joyful emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.46,0:18:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not peaceful.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.96,0:18:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For some people, when they hear \Nthat they've won the lottery
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.08,0:18:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they faint.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.38,0:18:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because they are so happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.96,0:19:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So emotions, they don't offer us peace.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.65,0:19:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with the breathing, \Nyou can embrace the emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.25,0:19:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embrace the feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.48,0:19:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can calm the feeling,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.71,0:19:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relax the feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.30,0:19:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That practice is called \Ncalming the mental formation.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.16,0:19:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relaxing the mental formation.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.48,0:19:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relaxing the feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.32,0:19:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relaxing the emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.98,0:19:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Anapanasati sutra,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.20,0:19:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's an exercise for calming the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.62,0:19:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning to relax the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.19,0:19:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's an exercise for \Ncalming the mental formation,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.64,0:19:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning to calm the emotions, the feelings.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.25,0:19:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An tịnh tâm hành.\N安 静 心 行\NCalming the mental formation.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.29,0:20:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we are angry or sad,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.82,0:20:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to know how to breathe.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.60,0:20:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After having relaxed the body, \Nwe relax the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.13,0:20:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.60,0:20:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the unpleasant, painful feeling persists,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.75,0:20:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can look deeply into the other person,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.09,0:20:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the person whom we believe has made us suffer,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.72,0:20:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made us sad.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.97,0:20:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can see their difficulties,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.06,0:20:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.84,0:20:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can see the pain and sorrow \Nthey have in their hearts,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.49,0:21:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the unhealthy habits or patterns of behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.61,0:21:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they are not able to control,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.10,0:21:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to master,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.79,0:21:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are making themselves suffer
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.00,0:21:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making those around them suffer.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.63,0:21:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are a victim of their own suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.58,0:21:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we can see
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.11,0:21:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they are suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.20,0:21:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.68,0:21:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can give rise
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.75,0:21:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to compassion
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.00,0:21:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we have good seeds within us.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.90,0:21:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we see someone suffer,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.36,0:21:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have compassion for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.42,0:21:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we have no compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.28,0:21:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's because we haven't been \Nable to see their suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.77,0:22:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once we recognize their suffering, \Ncompassion arises naturally.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.68,0:22:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the habits of mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.26,0:22:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the neural pathways in our brain changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.20,0:22:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, our thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.79,0:22:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goes in the direction of anger,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.69,0:22:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resentment and the desire \Nto punish the other person,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.85,0:22:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when we suffer.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.15,0:22:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hear something, we see something \Nthat has triggered us.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.37,0:22:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our neural pathways—the pathways in our brain—
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.72,0:22:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lead us to anger.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.17,0:22:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we look deeply and can see \Nthe suffering in the other person,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.59,0:22:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,naturally, our mind goes in another direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.94,0:23:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can take us to a place of love.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.98,0:23:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have two ways of thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.41,0:23:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one way leads to anger,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.02,0:23:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the other leads to love.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.37,0:23:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We come to anger because
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.84,0:23:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we haven't seen the suffering \Nof the other person.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.78,0:23:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once we can see their suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.98,0:23:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we change course,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.22,0:23:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we choose another path.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.70,0:23:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A path leading to love.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.97,0:23:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we feel better,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.69,0:23:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can relax the \Nmental formation very quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.86,0:23:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This year, we will write these phrases \Nto celebrate the Lunar New Year:
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.76,0:23:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Listen deeply to understand clearly, \NLook deeply to truly love.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.41,0:23:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look deeply to truly love" means to see that
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.05,0:23:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other person is suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.33,0:23:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other person is suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.70,0:24:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking deeply, we recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.88,0:24:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have received some kindness from them.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.58,0:24:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking deeply to acknowledge \Nthe kind actions of the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.26,0:24:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking deeply to recognize the \Ndifficulties that they are facing.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:20.38,0:24:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seeing these two things, \Nsuddenly we're not angry anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.16,0:24:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's looking deeply to truly love.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.11,0:24:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Regarder bien pour mieux aimer.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.32,0:24:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nhìn lại để thương. \NLooking deeply to truly love.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.26,0:24:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have made us suffer.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.29,0:24:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're not able to be at peace.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.55,0:24:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But thanks to looking deeply,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.20,0:24:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can easily calm the mind \Nand be at peace again.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.70,0:25:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The irritation, the anger transforms very quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.03,0:25:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So calming, relaxing the mental formations is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.53,0:25:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's up to us, up to how we see things.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.89,0:25:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Buddhism, we speak about the criteria
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.67,0:25:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of pain and pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.06,0:26:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Khổ" can be translated as "pain,"
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.68,0:26:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "lạc" can be translated as "pleasure."
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.18,0:26:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In general, everyone has the tendency
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.80,0:26:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to avoid pain and to seek pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.82,0:26:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is a function of \Nthe seventh consciousness, manas:
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.80,0:26:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To avoid pain and to seek pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.19,0:26:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pleasure seeking.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.48,0:26:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Avoiding suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.98,0:26:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a natural tendency,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.72,0:26:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's the function of manas, \Nthe seventh consciousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.82,0:27:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The criteria of pain and pleasure is the criteria
Dialogue: 0,0:27:05.46,0:27:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a number of ethicists.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.74,0:27:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a school of ethics called
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.29,0:27:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.51,0:27:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.57,0:27:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.66,0:28:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basic tenet of this school
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.82,0:28:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that any act, any speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.14,0:28:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any thought
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.24,0:28:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reduces harm and maximizes \Nhappiness and well-being
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.41,0:28:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is considered right action, moral.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.37,0:28:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas anything that leads to pain
Dialogue: 0,0:28:31.54,0:28:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ill-being is considered amoral.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.77,0:28:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is their criteria for right and wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.85,0:30:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the basic premise of this school
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.01,0:30:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is similar to the that of the Four Noble Truths.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.48,0:30:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that we have to envision
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.45,0:30:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a world where happiness is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:33.56,0:30:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, a world where \Nthere's enough food, housing,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.36,0:30:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democracy, peace,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.24,0:30:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well-being.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:51.17,0:30:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's similar to the third of the 4 Noble Truths.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:58.00,0:31:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once we have identified \Nwhat it is that we want, meaning
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.90,0:31:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the overall well-being of society,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.38,0:31:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's utilitarianism: actions that promote happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.84,0:31:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Công lợi, công ích"\Nboth mean utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:22.32,0:31:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So both can be translated as utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.00,0:31:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we know what we should do \Nand what we should say.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.94,0:31:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is action.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.00,0:31:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that action promotes happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:53.28,0:31:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Buddhism, action is the Noble Eightfold Path.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.63,0:32:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Noble Eightfold Path leads
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.39,0:32:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the end of ill-being.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:11.36,0:32:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The end of ill-being.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:14.44,0:32:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the similarities between \NBuddhism and utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.69,0:32:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The definition of
Dialogue: 0,0:32:27.92,0:32:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right action
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.32,0:32:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(right action or right speech),
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.57,0:32:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whether that action is right or wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.35,0:32:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right or wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.74,0:32:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good or evil,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:00.59,0:33:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know whether our action is \Nright or wrong, good or bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:07.56,0:33:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we must see whether that action \Nleads to well-being,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:11.78,0:33:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or whether it leads to ill-being.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.97,0:33:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it promotes happiness, it is right action;
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.32,0:33:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it promotes ill-being, it is wrong, it is bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:20.27,0:33:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the criteria of utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:32.50,0:33:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we lie,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.22,0:33:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if lying promotes well-being, then we can lie.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.34,0:33:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case lying is considered good.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:44.14,0:33:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we speak the truth and \Nit causes harm to others,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:47.66,0:33:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is not correct, that is wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:51.98,0:33:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say there is a killer looking for their target,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.50,0:34:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they ask you, do you know \Nwhere that person is hiding?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.17,0:34:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.44,0:34:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you know that if you tell the truth,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:06.81,0:34:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will find and kill that person.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.76,0:34:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So telling the truth is not correct,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.18,0:34:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not good.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:12.95,0:34:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have to lie and \Nsay that you don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.22,0:34:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So whether lying is a good thing or not
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.46,0:34:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends on the situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.80,0:34:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If lying
Dialogue: 0,0:34:39.03,0:34:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,promotes well-being and safety for others,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:43.60,0:34:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is good.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:46.24,0:34:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, if speaking the truth
Dialogue: 0,0:34:48.50,0:34:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will cause the other person to die,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.44,0:34:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be in pain,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.18,0:34:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is still wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:57.17,0:35:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is the premise of \Nthe school of utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.19,0:35:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, the important thing is the outcome.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:14.56,0:35:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the end justifies the means.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:23.93,0:35:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The end justifies the means.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.36,0:35:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the essence of utilitarianism.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:44.53,0:35:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,August 6,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.51,0:35:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,August 6,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:58.90,0:36:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1945.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:12.02,0:36:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,August 6, 1945 is the day
Dialogue: 0,0:36:16.85,0:36:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the US dropped the first atomic bomb
Dialogue: 0,0:36:24.67,0:36:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the city of Hiroshima.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.69,0:36:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And
Dialogue: 0,0:36:46.41,0:36:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within a matter of minutes \N140,000 people in that city died.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:52.42,0:36:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just one bomb and 140,000 people died.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:04.24,0:37:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And
Dialogue: 0,0:37:06.62,0:37:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that bomb has raised a number of questions
Dialogue: 0,0:37:10.74,0:37:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since 1945.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:12.83,0:37:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was it right or wrong \Nto have dropped the atomic bomb?
Dialogue: 0,0:37:20.80,0:37:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people say it was the right thing to do
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.63,0:37:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even though 140,000 people died,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:26.71,0:37:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were able to end the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:29.61,0:37:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the war had lasted there \Nwould be many more casualties.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:37.20,0:37:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are others who say,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:39.38,0:37:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could've used means \Nother than dropping the bomb.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:48.42,0:37:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before that president Roosevelt, \Nthe president before Truman,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:57.35,0:37:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had stated very clearly that
Dialogue: 0,0:37:59.21,0:38:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in military operations
Dialogue: 0,0:38:04.04,0:38:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they must avoid causing civilian damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:10.99,0:38:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In military operations, \Nthe army only has the right
Dialogue: 0,0:38:14.39,0:38:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to attack the enemy's military units,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:19.28,0:38:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they must avoid as much as possible
Dialogue: 0,0:38:21.50,0:38:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing civilian damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.86,0:38:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Roosevelt had given such an order,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:30.00,0:38:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very clearly and in detail.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:33.91,0:38:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But upon President Roosevelt's death,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:37.99,0:38:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Truman assumed the presidency.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:41.95,0:38:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also said the same thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.66,0:38:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said that he didn't \Nagree with military operations
Dialogue: 0,0:38:48.86,0:38:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cause civilian harm.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:53.51,0:38:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Military operations should \Nonly target armed forces
Dialogue: 0,0:38:56.50,0:39:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and should be careful not to harm civilians.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.63,0:39:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Truman also said the same thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:06.54,0:39:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Truman assumed the presidency
Dialogue: 0,0:39:08.81,0:39:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he didn't know that they \Nalready had the atomic bomb.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.31,0:39:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:15.63,0:39:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the US had already made the atomic bomb.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:18.71,0:39:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The military leaders and advisors \Ncame to tell him that
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.45,0:39:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was necessary to drop the atomic bomb
Dialogue: 0,0:39:30.00,0:39:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Japan to realize that they must surrender
Dialogue: 0,0:39:35.56,0:39:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not continue the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:39.37,0:39:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The military advisors told Truman that
Dialogue: 0,0:39:43.92,0:39:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although a number of people will die,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:46.34,0:39:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe 100,000 people will die,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.10,0:39:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if they dropped the bomb,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:51.87,0:39:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other side would be forced to surrender,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:54.40,0:39:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this would put a swift end to the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:57.46,0:39:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Otherwise the war would drag on
Dialogue: 0,0:39:59.94,0:40:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot more people would die.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:02.54,0:40:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever they said was so convincing \Nthat president Truman accepted.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:06.51,0:40:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Truman knew that if they dropped the bomb
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.34,0:40:16.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least 100,000 civilians will be killed.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.86,0:40:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know how long the discussions took place
Dialogue: 0,0:40:23.97,0:40:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Truman changed his mind
Dialogue: 0,0:40:27.43,0:40:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allowed the first bomb \Nto be dropped on Hiroshima.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:39.72,0:40:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before that, the Allied forces \Nhad landed in Normandy, France.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:47.19,0:40:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fighting was so fierce and many people died.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.98,0:40:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were a lot of casualties on both sides.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:03.08,0:41:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Pacific Ocean, the Allied forces
Dialogue: 0,0:41:07.56,0:41:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were beginning to gain the upper-hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:12.55,0:41:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were winning.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:15.32,0:41:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But nobody knew how long the war would drag on.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:20.18,0:41:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the US military leaders advised Truman
Dialogue: 0,0:41:28.60,0:41:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to drop the atomic bomb
Dialogue: 0,0:41:30.92,0:41:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so Japan would be terrorized \Ninto surrendering quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.32,0:41:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were so persuasive that Truman accepted.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:43.54,0:41:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's reported that Truman said,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:47.34,0:41:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"After having made the decision, \NI slept like a baby."
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.01,0:41:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I slept like a baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:56.35,0:41:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's just incredible.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:57.53,0:42:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know beforehand that \N100,000 people will die, or more,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:00.29,0:42:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet you can sleep like a baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:02.24,0:42:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's just incredible.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:10.49,0:42:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three days later.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:11.73,0:42:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two days later Japan still hadn't surrendered.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:17.84,0:42:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,140,000 people died immediately after.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:23.59,0:42:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know, the effects of \Nnuclear radiation continued to kill
Dialogue: 0,0:42:27.43,0:42:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tens of thousands of people in the following years.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:34.01,0:42:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I visited the museum of Hiroshima.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:43.26,0:42:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was horrifying.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:44.34,0:42:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were a lot of horrifying evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:50.35,0:42:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were many piles of dishes from restaurants,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:55.15,0:43:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or drawers full of metal utensils, knives and spoons.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:05.10,0:43:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the bomb dropped
Dialogue: 0,0:43:07.58,0:43:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it generated an incredible amount of heat,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:10.37,0:43:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so hot that all the tea cups melted into a clump,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:17.02,0:43:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all the spoons, forks and knives
Dialogue: 0,0:43:23.39,0:43:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also melted into a clump.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.68,0:43:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was so hot that people \Njumped into ponds and rivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:34.45,0:43:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the water was also boiling hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:36.90,0:43:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so within a matter of minutes \N140,000 people died
Dialogue: 0,0:43:46.83,0:43:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the island of Hiroshima.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:49.78,0:43:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the 9th of August,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:54.77,0:43:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three days later,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:58.30,0:44:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four days later,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.00,0:44:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the US dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:09.49,0:44:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a smaller city.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:10.96,0:44:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second bomb immediately \Nkilled 70,000 civilians.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:30.69,0:44:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So
Dialogue: 0,0:44:36.76,0:44:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was a very controversial.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:41.34,0:44:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should the US have dropped the bomb or not?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:44.75,0:44:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One could argue that because \Nthe two bombs were dropped,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:48.97,0:44:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other side was forced into surrendering
Dialogue: 0,0:44:51.36,0:44:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the war came to a swift end.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:53.80,0:45:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still, there are others that say\Nthey could've found other solutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:00.00,0:45:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you can't be sure that \Nthe other would surrender.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.67,0:45:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible that they may not surrender.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:08.48,0:45:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like after the first bomb was dropped, \NJapan had not surrendered.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:11.31,0:45:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was only after the second bomb \Nthat they surrendered.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:16.15,0:45:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't know beforehand
Dialogue: 0,0:45:22.28,0:45:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what would happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:24.32,0:45:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you bear great responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:32.10,0:45:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And was dropping the bomb right or wrong?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:38.24,0:45:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good or evil?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:39.73,0:45:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because you don't know in advance.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:49.77,0:45:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ethics,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:52.28,0:46:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the branch of ethics that \Nlooks into criteria, or guidelines,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:00.39,0:46:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know whether or not an action \Nis morally right or wrong
Dialogue: 0,0:46:05.19,0:46:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is called "normative ethics."
Dialogue: 0,0:46:30.34,0:46:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Tiêu" means a hook, a marker,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:35.08,0:46:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,le point de repère.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:41.76,0:46:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tiêu chuẩn.\NCriteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:44.07,0:46:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Chuẩn" is a measuring stick. \NSo it is a hook, a marker, a measure,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:52.82,0:46:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know whether an action
Dialogue: 0,0:46:55.17,0:46:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is morally right or wrong, good or bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:57.65,0:47:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's normative ethics.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:16.35,0:47:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Noble Eightfold Path, the right eightfold path.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:21.51,0:47:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is considered right?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:29.04,0:47:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is considered to be right thinking?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:33.19,0:47:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is considered to be right view?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:40.06,0:47:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to ask, what does "right" mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:44.75,0:47:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would make our thinking "right thinking?"
Dialogue: 0,0:47:51.48,0:47:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone wants to have right thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:54.24,0:47:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is right thinking?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:59.02,0:48:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What view is a right view?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:01.76,0:48:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who doesn't want to have right view,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:03.48,0:48:05.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but which view is the Right View?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:05.93,0:48:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need a criterium.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:10.04,0:48:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in Buddhist ethics,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:12.88,0:48:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right View is the view
Dialogue: 0,0:48:17.39,0:48:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of interbeing.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:22.06,0:48:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-duality,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:26.73,0:48:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impermanence,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:29.37,0:48:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-self.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:33.85,0:48:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The view that transcends all views.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:39.24,0:48:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meaning it is non-dualistic,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:45.52,0:48:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transcends all views.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:59.40,0:49:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a very distinctive Buddhist understanding:
Dialogue: 0,0:49:02.06,0:49:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right view
Dialogue: 0,0:49:03.74,0:49:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the absence of all views,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:06.26,0:49:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the removal of all views.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:10.37,0:49:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the highest definition of Right view.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:15.00,0:49:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All other definitions are relative.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:18.36,0:49:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you can see interdependent co-arising,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:24.89,0:49:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is Right view.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:28.80,0:49:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you can see interbeing, \Nthat is Right view.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:31.64,0:49:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you have a non-discriminative, \Nnon-dualistic view,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:36.93,0:49:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is right view.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:40.12,0:49:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Buddhism
Dialogue: 0,0:49:44.47,0:49:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also a school of normative ethics.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:48.97,0:49:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are criteria,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.31,0:49:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are measures
Dialogue: 0,0:49:54.26,0:49:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow us to know if something \Nis right or not right.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:59.38,0:50:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when our thinking is full of compassion,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:02.91,0:50:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,full of understanding,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.94,0:50:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is right thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:08.69,0:50:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thinking that is full of love and understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:50:12.96,0:50:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is considered right thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:16.60,0:50:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas thinking that is full of \Nanger, ignorance, craving,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:21.24,0:50:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not considered right thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:23.20,0:50:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are the definitions, the measures,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:25.83,0:50:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are the kinds of criteria
Dialogue: 0,0:50:34.42,0:50:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to determine whether something is right or wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:44.67,0:50:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So according to utilitarianism,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:49.33,0:50:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happiness is to have peace and to end the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:53.86,0:50:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the act of dropping the bomb
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.64,0:51:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leads to peace and the end of war.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:00.34,0:51:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is how some people have interpreted this.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:02.82,0:51:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how they have applied this criteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:14.67,0:51:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time, in the UK, there was a young woman,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:20.29,0:51:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a student named Anscombe.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:26.97,0:51:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, she went on to become a notable philosopher
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.39,0:51:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specializing in ethics.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:36.71,0:51:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the time she was just twenty years old.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:39.81,0:51:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was Catholic
Dialogue: 0,0:51:46.97,0:51:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she believed in no killing,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:51.82,0:51:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because God said, "Thou shalt not kill."
Dialogue: 0,0:51:55.27,0:52:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter what, you cannot kill.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:01.13,0:52:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cannot kill even one person \Nlet alone 140,000 people.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:06.44,0:52:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under no circumstances can killing be done,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:10.44,0:52:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that is God's command.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:17.86,0:52:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thou shalt not kill.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:22.98,0:52:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's God's command.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:27.84,0:52:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even for the sake of peace or for anything else,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:31.11,0:52:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cannot kill.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:38.68,0:52:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like the philosopher Kant from Germany,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:43.60,0:52:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he said that moral rules
Dialogue: 0,0:52:49.61,0:52:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be absolute.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:52.57,0:52:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If lying is immoral,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:57.14,0:53:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then even if you lie to \Nsave people it's still immoral.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:04.87,0:53:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also called it the "categorical imperative."
Dialogue: 0,0:53:25.18,0:53:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mệnh lệnh tuyệt đối"\N"Mệnh lệnh tất yếu"\N[Categorical imperative]
Dialogue: 0,0:53:31.62,0:53:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Categorical imperative.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:42.50,0:53:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be truthful is a categorical imperative.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:48.12,0:53:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you tell the truth
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.56,0:53:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you want everyone else \Nto tell the truth as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:52.09,0:53:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is morally correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:55.27,0:54:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas if you lie, even to \Nsave lives or whatever,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:00.44,0:54:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is still immoral.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:02.96,0:54:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the categorical imperative is like
Dialogue: 0,0:54:07.46,0:54:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,God's commandments.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:11.07,0:54:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Kant doesn't speak about God.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:15.52,0:54:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kant appealed to man's capacity to reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:21.97,0:54:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He spoke about humans as rational beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:29.70,0:54:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As for Anscombe, she appealed \Nto theological considerations,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:33.65,0:54:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This is God's commandment."
Dialogue: 0,0:54:36.23,0:54:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The commandment of God.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:46.83,0:54:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Utilitarian ethics is much more flexible.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:52.14,0:54:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say it's okay to lie, it's okay to kill,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:54.40,0:54:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so long as it reduces suffering \Nand brings about happiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:19.77,0:55:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eleven years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:23.17,0:55:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Truman visited the UK
Dialogue: 0,0:55:27.65,0:55:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was awarded an honorary \Ndegree from Oxford University.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:33.19,0:55:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An honorary doctorate.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:37.60,0:55:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anscombe was a professor at the university,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:45.57,0:55:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaching ethics.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:50.02,0:55:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was very faithful to the \Nteachings of Christianity.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:56.92,0:56:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She said, "some things may not be done,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:02.06,0:56:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter what."
Dialogue: 0,0:56:23.04,0:56:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There are some things that may not be done,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:31.69,0:56:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter what."
Dialogue: 0,0:56:36.100,0:56:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There are some things that cannot be done,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:40.27,0:56:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter what."
Dialogue: 0,0:56:42.43,0:56:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some things may not be done, no matter what.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:48.34,0:56:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, if you had to \Nboil a baby to save the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:54.90,0:56:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you had to put a baby in \Nboiling water to save the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:58.65,0:57:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cannot do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:05.28,0:57:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people say Anscombe—and Kant—are too rigid.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:11.49,0:57:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are not flexible at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:23.17,0:57:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while Oxford held a ceremony
Dialogue: 0,0:57:31.98,0:57:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to confer the honorary degree to Truman,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:38.01,0:57:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anscombe held a protest outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:43.66,0:57:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kneeling in prayer
Dialogue: 0,0:57:46.78,0:57:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to oppose Oxford awarding Truman an honorary degree.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:07.83,0:58:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have looked deeply into this matter many times,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:12.07,0:58:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the atomic bomb,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:14.42,0:58:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I see that dropping the atomic bomb on
Dialogue: 0,0:58:17.25,0:58:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Dialogue: 0,0:58:20.42,0:58:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not only a matter of ending the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:24.50,0:58:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see that the US also wanted \Nto test out that bomb.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:29.56,0:58:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though they did test it earlier, \Nit wasn't tested on a city.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:36.33,0:58:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And maybe when that bomb exploded
Dialogue: 0,0:58:39.61,0:58:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone would see that the US as number one.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:43.41,0:58:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No other nation had that weapon.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:47.44,0:58:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also the prestige and power \Nof the US would increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:50.85,0:58:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, dropping the bomb was not only \Na matter of forcing Japan to surrender
Dialogue: 0,0:58:55.95,0:59:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to prove that the US was a superpower.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:05.90,0:59:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A superpower.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:09.69,0:59:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And suddenly, America's position \Nbecame unrivaled in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:15.91,0:59:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So from a military standpoint it's one thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:18.32,0:59:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But from a political standpoint it's another.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:20.72,0:59:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have to look deeply \Nto see the kind of thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:59:25.04,0:59:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lead to the decision to drop the bomb.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:28.47,0:59:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't just to restore peace, to end the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:32.20,0:59:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were other motives involved as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:37.11,0:59:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are big ethical problems
Dialogue: 0,0:59:40.77,0:59:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we need to look deeply into.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:49.38,0:59:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Buddhism, we speak of criteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:52.18,0:59:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, we said that criteria means \Na hook, a marker, a measure,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:57.32,1:00:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the first criteria is \Npain and pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:01.49,1:00:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What leads to pain, you don't do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:07.04,1:00:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What leads to happiness, you can do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:10.54,1:00:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the first criteria.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:11.86,1:00:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, this criteria is not absolute.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:15.95,1:00:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This criteria is not absolute,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:18.71,1:00:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you cannot use this criteria alone.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:25.01,1:00:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, if you drink wine, \Nit's very pleasurable.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:28.64,1:00:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eating ice-cream, one after the other,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:32.85,1:00:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very pleasurable.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:37.50,1:00:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And drowning ourselves in the five sensual desires,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:41.39,1:00:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very pleasurable.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:44.13,1:00:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But later on you have problems.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:52.21,1:00:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later on you suffer.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:59.05,1:01:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So some suffering is essential
Dialogue: 0,1:01:02.45,1:01:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us grow as human beings.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:04.84,1:01:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so pain is not necessarily a bad thing,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:10.65,1:01:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not necessarily wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:19.23,1:01:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, there was a sixteen year old student
Dialogue: 0,1:01:25.90,1:01:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who did so well on the exams
Dialogue: 0,1:01:28.52,1:01:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that his essay
Dialogue: 0,1:01:31.16,1:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should have received the highest marks,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:35.60,1:01:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first laureate.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:41.35,1:01:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the mandarins said,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:43.32,1:01:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"He's too young,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:44.52,1:01:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we let him come first place
Dialogue: 0,1:01:47.81,1:01:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he may be too proud.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:50.92,1:01:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to train people
Dialogue: 0,1:01:56.19,1:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to cultivate their virtues, \Nnot just their talents,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:00.29,1:02:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so let's fail him this time,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:03.16,1:02:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then next time we can \Nlet him come in first place.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:05.42,1:02:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This way he can lose some of his arrogance.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:10.44,1:02:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the thinking of \Nthe ministers of the court.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:13.16,1:02:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In theory, this would be extremely unfair,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:17.70,1:02:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he was the best and \Ndeserved to be first place,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:19.83,1:02:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet they failed him
Dialogue: 0,1:02:21.54,1:02:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only to give him the grand \Nprize the following year.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:24.100,1:02:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if he died before that?
Dialogue: 0,1:02:28.26,1:02:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is the right thing to do?
Dialogue: 0,1:02:30.40,1:02:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Vietnam it happened that \Nthere was a sixteen year old
Dialogue: 0,1:02:35.81,1:02:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was supposed to be first laureate \Nbut got failed instead.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:41.90,1:02:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's one moral view.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:44.89,1:02:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of course, a country \Nneeds talented people,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:47.84,1:02:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also needs ethical people.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:49.29,1:02:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if the person is both talented and ethical,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:51.02,1:02:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can serve the country well.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:53.53,1:02:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many ways of thinking like that.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:56.92,1:03:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Morally as well as
Dialogue: 0,1:03:06.33,1:03:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culturally,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:09.41,1:03:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of perception,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:10.65,1:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are many differences \Nbetween the East and the West.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:15.67,1:03:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in the old days \Nin China and Vietnam,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:19.46,1:03:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if someone committed a serious crime,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:21.86,1:03:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like treason,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:25.11,1:03:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only was that person sentenced to death,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:27.62,1:03:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but their entire family across three generations
Dialogue: 0,1:03:30.35,1:03:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were also sentenced to death.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:32.55,1:03:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if everyone else was innocent,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:35.09,1:03:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all three generations were sentenced to death.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:36.93,1:03:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Tru di tam tộc" means to kill \Neveryone across all three generations.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:40.65,1:03:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They believe that
Dialogue: 0,1:03:42.83,1:03:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's because the family didn't \Nguide each other well,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:45.56,1:03:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they are all co-responsible.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:51.30,1:04:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In light of individualism,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:01.63,1:04:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is unfair.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:04.29,1:04:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One person commits a crime and the entire family
Dialogue: 0,1:04:07.50,1:04:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has to suffer the consequences.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:11.13,1:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it makes some sense.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:16.06,1:04:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a family, if one person is sick,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:24.27,1:04:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or has an accident,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:29.20,1:04:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or has committed a crime and was put in jail,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:34.75,1:04:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if the others aren't in jail they still suffer.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:44.11,1:04:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say the parents didn't teach the children,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:46.39,1:04:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they punish the parents too.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:50.44,1:04:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say the siblings didn't teach each other,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:52.26,1:04:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they punish the siblings too.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:54.48,1:04:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why in the old days in Asia
Dialogue: 0,1:04:56.98,1:04:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have that penalty called "tru di tam tộc"
Dialogue: 0,1:04:59.34,1:05:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where if one person commits a crime,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:03.27,1:05:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the whole entire family,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:05.68,1:05:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only the current generation,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:07.66,1:05:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the previous and future \Ngenerations are all killed.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:11.96,1:05:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the ethical criteria \Nthat are different in each society.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:20.95,1:05:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once there was a tribe [the Callatians] \Nthat had a particular custom.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:25.60,1:05:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the grandfather dies,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:29.16,1:05:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had to immediately
Dialogue: 0,1:05:33.14,1:05:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cut and eat the flesh of the grandfather.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:40.50,1:05:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They believed in doing so the \Ngrandfather will live on in them,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:44.41,1:05:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so it's an act of filial piety.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:46.20,1:05:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the maternal or \Npaternal grandparent dies
Dialogue: 0,1:05:51.11,1:05:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are allowed to eat \Nthe flesh of the grandparent.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:00.23,1:06:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if they didn't eat the \Nflesh of the dead grandparent,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:05.33,1:06:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's considered unethical,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:07.12,1:06:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they had to.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:09.23,1:06:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To outsiders, it's barbaric.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:15.43,1:06:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you say that in your country
Dialogue: 0,1:06:18.00,1:06:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you burn your grandfather when he dies,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:20.70,1:06:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these tribal people will get very angry.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:22.03,1:06:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will say that that's unethical. Immoral.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:24.74,1:06:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to eat the flesh of \Nyour grandparent to be correct.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:27.46,1:06:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you burn your grandparent
Dialogue: 0,1:06:29.62,1:06:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are not a good son or daughter.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:31.31,1:06:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is right or wrong, good or evil
Dialogue: 0,1:06:38.60,1:06:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also depends on local customs and beliefs.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:18.45,1:07:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2000,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:20.83,1:07:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a family from the island of Gozo
Dialogue: 0,1:07:26.90,1:07:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Mediteranean
Dialogue: 0,1:07:39.55,1:07:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went to Manchester, UK to give birth.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:51.60,1:07:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at St Mary's hospital.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:59.64,1:08:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mother
Dialogue: 0,1:08:04.82,1:08:07.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was pregnant with twins.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:08.39,1:08:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were both girls.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:12.11,1:08:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One named Jodie, and one named Mary.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:17.60,1:08:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they were conjoined twins.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:23.61,1:08:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were two, but with one working \Nset of lungs and one heart.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:28.16,1:08:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were joined at the abdomen with a fused spine.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:32.90,1:08:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The working lungs and heart were both on Jodie's side.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:39.16,1:08:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so Jodie's breath and heart beat
Dialogue: 0,1:08:46.01,1:08:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provided circulation to sustain Mary.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:58.28,1:09:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So
Dialogue: 0,1:09:01.49,1:09:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the twins were born
Dialogue: 0,1:09:09.02,1:09:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the doctors knew that
Dialogue: 0,1:09:12.81,1:09:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within a matter of weeks both girls would die.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:22.38,1:09:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the doctors believed that
Dialogue: 0,1:09:25.86,1:09:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they operated they could at least save one.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:35.28,1:09:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they operated, they could only save one child
Dialogue: 0,1:09:37.89,1:09:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the other child would die.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:40.60,1:09:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without the operation, both would die.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:44.72,1:09:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they waited both would die.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:48.50,1:09:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the parents were devout Catholics
Dialogue: 0,1:09:55.81,1:09:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were determined not to do the operation.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:59.53,1:10:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They accepted for both to die rather than
Dialogue: 0,1:10:02.17,1:10:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having an operation for one \Nto die and the other to survive.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:05.12,1:10:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was how the parents saw it.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:08.81,1:10:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the doctors felt that it didn't make sense.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:11.10,1:10:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you could save one child why wouldn't you?
Dialogue: 0,1:10:14.44,1:10:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would you allow both children to die?
Dialogue: 0,1:10:16.55,1:10:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the doctors brought the case to court
Dialogue: 0,1:10:19.89,1:10:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ask for the right to operate to save one child.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:25.69,1:10:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the court approved.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:30.08,1:10:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A week later
Dialogue: 0,1:10:32.97,1:10:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few days later they operated
Dialogue: 0,1:10:35.08,1:10:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were able to save Jodie.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:38.85,1:10:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course Mary died,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:41.29,1:10:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because once they were separated,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:43.10,1:10:45.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mary had no lungs, no heart.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:46.25,1:10:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mary didn't have her own \Nlungs or heart, so she died.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:54.42,1:10:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The doctors followed a \Ndifferent ethical criteria.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:59.28,1:11:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say, even though Mary died,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:02.93,1:11:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least they were able to save Jodie.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:08.22,1:11:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As for the parents, \Nthey believed that whatever God
Dialogue: 0,1:11:12.08,1:11:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had in His plans for them they would accept.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:13.94,1:11:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If both children die,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:16.65,1:11:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's also God's will,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:18.29,1:11:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they have to let it be.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:19.69,1:11:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They felt they had no right to kill \None child in order to save the other.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:27.92,1:11:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are two different ethical perspectives.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:31.18,1:11:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One belonging to the doctors of St Mary's hospital,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:37.37,1:11:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one belonging to the young couple who
Dialogue: 0,1:11:41.31,1:11:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,placed everything in the hands of God.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:07.99,1:12:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a similar story of baby Theresa.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:12.93,1:12:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Baby Theresa was born in Florida in 1998.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:21.95,1:12:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when
Dialogue: 0,1:12:25.47,1:12:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the doctors performed scans,
Dialogue: 0,1:12:27.16,1:12:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they saw that Theresa didn't have a brain.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:32.88,1:12:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was no brain.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:36.66,1:12:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A child born like that would die,
Dialogue: 0,1:12:41.02,1:12:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not in the womb then shortly after birth.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:44.58,1:12:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if the child didn't die at birth,
Dialogue: 0,1:12:47.44,1:12:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would die within a few days.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:58.08,1:13:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This condition is called anencephaly,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:01.96,1:13:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a disorder in which the brain is absent.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:03.88,1:13:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is a brainstem.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:11.15,1:13:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of the presence of the brainstem,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:12.53,1:13:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the child can breathe and have a heart beat.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:17.54,1:13:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for certain
Dialogue: 0,1:13:23.20,1:13:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the child would die after a few days.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:31.05,1:13:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some babies with this condition \Ndie before or at birth.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:39.57,1:13:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if not, they die within a few days.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:45.62,1:13:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the parents decided to
Dialogue: 0,1:13:54.60,1:14:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,donate her organs to other \Nchildren for organ transplantation,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:03.86,1:14:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,—like her kidneys, her eyes, her heart—
Dialogue: 0,1:14:09.51,1:14:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowing that she will die and that other children
Dialogue: 0,1:14:14.59,1:14:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are in desperate need of those organs.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:18.44,1:14:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thousands of children were in need of those organs,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:21.95,1:14:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they knew that baby Theresa \Nwould die in five days,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:28.85,1:14:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while her heart, lungs and kidneys, \Nwere still in good condition,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:35.52,1:14:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why not donate those organs to save other children?
Dialogue: 0,1:14:39.67,1:14:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was what the parents wanted.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:44.09,1:14:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also what the doctors wanted.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:48.50,1:14:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the law in Florida prohibited this.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:56.29,1:15:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The law states that organs can only \Nbe taken from deceased individuals.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:01.66,1:15:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But while someone is still alive
Dialogue: 0,1:15:04.55,1:15:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cannot kill them to remove \Norgans for transplantation.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:10.38,1:15:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the law in Florida.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:14.41,1:15:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course the doctors and the couple lost the case.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:20.16,1:15:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when baby Theresa died,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:24.84,1:15:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her organs were damaged and \Ncouldn't be used anymore,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:29.04,1:15:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they couldn't save any other children.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:31.30,1:15:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was the law in Florida.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:37.93,1:15:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these ethical dilemmas,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:42.54,1:15:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on our way of thinking,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:45.67,1:15:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on our judgement, on the criteria we use
Dialogue: 0,1:15:51.15,1:15:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,determine what is morally right or wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:54.21,1:15:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is good or bad.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:56.18,1:16:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in Buddhism, the first criteria \Nis pain and pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:00.88,1:16:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that suffering and happiness inter-are.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:03.77,1:16:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some pains help us grow as human beings,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:06.73,1:16:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help us become more resilient.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:08.88,1:16:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why the criteria of pain and pleasure
Dialogue: 0,1:16:11.11,1:16:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not enough for us to determine
Dialogue: 0,1:16:18.17,1:16:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is right or wrong, good or bad.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:40.19,1:16:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Following the criteria of pain and pleasure,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:42.53,1:16:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's the criteria of beneficial and un-beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:50.33,1:16:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Khổ / lạc " is pain and pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:59.64,1:17:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based on the criteria of pain and pleasure,
Dialogue: 0,1:17:02.47,1:17:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever leads to pain is not \Nallowed, is incorrect, is wrong,
Dialogue: 0,1:17:08.13,1:17:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whatever leads to pleasure is correct, is good.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:20.27,1:17:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second criteria is beneficial and un-beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:22.29,1:17:26.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Lợi" means beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:31.36,1:17:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hại" means un-beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:40.36,1:17:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Buddhism, this is what is meant \Nwhen we say beneficial and un-beneficial:
Dialogue: 0,1:17:45.54,1:17:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anything that brings about siblinghood, \Nliberation, awakening,
Dialogue: 0,1:17:51.61,1:17:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freedom
Dialogue: 0,1:17:54.28,1:17:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is considered beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:56.76,1:17:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And anything that brings about
Dialogue: 0,1:17:59.74,1:18:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,craving, pain and sorrow, despair,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:06.67,1:18:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is considered un-beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:08.07,1:18:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It obstructs our path of liberation.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:18.64,1:18:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beneficial and un-beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:22.55,1:18:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are some things \Nyou need to suffer through
Dialogue: 0,1:18:27.88,1:18:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's good for you.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:30.52,1:18:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are things,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:33.04,1:18:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some pains
Dialogue: 0,1:18:35.70,1:18:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we go through and we \Nbenefit from the experience.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:39.74,1:18:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there are pleasures \Nthat can end up harming us.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:45.38,1:18:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why the second criteria,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:50.48,1:18:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beneficial and un-beneficial informs
Dialogue: 0,1:18:53.95,1:18:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first criteria of pain and pleasure.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:05.12,1:19:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On September 1st in the capitol of New Delhi,
Dialogue: 0,1:19:10.59,1:19:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I offered a talk in commemoration of Mahatma Gandhi.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:22.31,1:19:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mentioned a beautiful quote from Gandhi.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:49.34,1:19:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should take this opportunity
Dialogue: 0,1:19:52.62,1:19:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hear what Gandhi had to say about this.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:59.29,1:20:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our ancestors
Dialogue: 0,1:20:02.18,1:20:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set a limit to our indulgences."
Dialogue: 0,1:20:15.32,1:20:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our ancestors set a limit to our indulgences."
Dialogue: 0,1:20:21.80,1:20:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like drinking until we're drunk, or over-eating.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:27.15,1:20:29.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are indulgences.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:34.36,1:20:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The opposite is moderation, knowing enough.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:37.76,1:20:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our ancestors set a limit to our indulgences."
Dialogue: 0,1:20:42.03,1:20:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They saw that happiness was \Nlargely a mental condition."
Dialogue: 0,1:20:46.71,1:20:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They saw that happiness was \Nlargely a mental condition."
Dialogue: 0,1:20:58.80,1:21:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A man is not necessarily \Nhappy because he is rich,"
Dialogue: 0,1:21:04.99,1:21:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"or unhappy because he is poor."
Dialogue: 0,1:21:09.95,1:21:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A man is not necessarily \Nhappy because he is rich,"
Dialogue: 0,1:21:17.04,1:21:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"or unhappy because he is poor."
Dialogue: 0,1:21:22.34,1:21:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being rich or poor doesn't \Ndetermine our happiness,
Dialogue: 0,1:21:26.05,1:21:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but our mental attitude.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:36.21,1:21:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A man is not necessarily \Nhappy because he is rich,"
Dialogue: 0,1:21:41.86,1:21:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"or unhappy because he is poor."
Dialogue: 0,1:21:44.70,1:21:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Observing all this, our ancestors"
Dialogue: 0,1:21:47.71,1:21:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"dissuaded us from luxuries and pleasures."
Dialogue: 0,1:21:51.87,1:21:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Observing all this, our ancestors"
Dialogue: 0,1:21:56.40,1:22:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"dissuaded us from luxuries and pleasures."
Dialogue: 0,1:22:07.29,1:22:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this quote means that \Nwhat you consider as pleasure
Dialogue: 0,1:22:20.23,1:22:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be harmful to you, now and in the future.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:26.42,1:22:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have consumer power.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:29.70,1:22:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have money, you have more power to consume,
Dialogue: 0,1:22:33.95,1:22:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that is not necessarily true happiness.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:38.56,1:22:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not true happiness.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:43.36,1:22:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather, it can lead to suffering.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:45.79,1:22:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So making a lot of money
Dialogue: 0,1:22:50.51,1:22:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to consume, to indulge in sensual pleasures,
Dialogue: 0,1:22:55.18,1:22:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causes more harm than good.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:00.53,1:23:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, when we practice moderation
Dialogue: 0,1:23:03.74,1:23:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,—eating less, living with more modest conditions—
Dialogue: 0,1:23:11.36,1:23:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we feel light and at peace, joyful, happy.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:15.00,1:23:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It helps us to be more free,
Dialogue: 0,1:23:17.66,1:23:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can realize our aspiration.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:20.83,1:23:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's more beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:25.63,1:23:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gandhi also said this wonderful line:
Dialogue: 0,1:23:36.79,1:23:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The mind is a restless bird."
Dialogue: 0,1:23:41.24,1:23:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The mind is a restless bird,"
Dialogue: 0,1:23:44.23,1:23:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the more it gets the more it wants"
Dialogue: 0,1:23:47.06,1:23:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and still remains unsatisfied."
Dialogue: 0,1:23:50.84,1:23:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the more it gets the more it wants"
Dialogue: 0,1:23:57.68,1:23:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and still remains unsatisfied."
Dialogue: 0,1:24:01.99,1:24:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The mind is a restless bird."
Dialogue: 0,1:24:04.25,1:24:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The more it gets the more it wants"
Dialogue: 0,1:24:09.34,1:24:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The more it gets the more it wants."
Dialogue: 0,1:24:13.78,1:24:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The more it gets the more it wants"
Dialogue: 0,1:24:16.04,1:24:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and still remains unsatisfied."
Dialogue: 0,1:24:20.40,1:24:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Craving has no limits.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:24.24,1:24:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're successful and you're not satisfied, \Nyou want to be more successful.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:27.96,1:24:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're more successful but you're still not satisfied, \Nyou want to be even more successful.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:31.64,1:24:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can never stop.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:34.11,1:24:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why our ancestors advised us to set limits.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:46.08,1:24:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is beneficial
Dialogue: 0,1:24:51.64,1:24:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"lợi" here doesn't mean \Nto take advantage of, it means
Dialogue: 0,1:24:57.77,1:25:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being conducive to true peace,
Dialogue: 0,1:25:01.20,1:25:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to true happiness, to liberation.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:05.15,1:25:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conducive to liberation.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:07.99,1:25:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conducive to peace.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:10.73,1:25:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conducive to true happiness.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:13.14,1:25:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what beneficial means.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:15.47,1:25:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this criteria of pain and pleasure
Dialogue: 0,1:25:20.61,1:25:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not enough to establish moral grounds.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:23.66,1:25:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, we need the criteria \Nof beneficial and un-beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:26.11,1:25:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will doing that thing be \Ngood for us in the future?
Dialogue: 0,1:25:30.69,1:25:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will it be conducive to peace, \Nto liberation, to siblinghood?
Dialogue: 0,1:25:35.42,1:25:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If not, it is incorrect,
Dialogue: 0,1:25:37.65,1:25:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:58.55,1:26:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the criteria of beneficial and un-beneficial,
Dialogue: 0,1:26:01.19,1:26:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's the criteria of delusion and awakening.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:12.82,1:26:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mê" means
Dialogue: 0,1:26:16.66,1:26:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,delusion,
Dialogue: 0,1:26:19.84,1:26:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "ngộ" means awakening.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:36.02,1:26:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we are delusional
Dialogue: 0,1:26:39.86,1:26:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the decisions that we make
Dialogue: 0,1:26:42.50,1:26:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not very clear.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:46.35,1:26:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only when we're no longer delusional \Nthat we can see clearly.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:49.24,1:26:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now we're still delusional,
Dialogue: 0,1:26:52.42,1:26:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's hard for us to listen to other's advice.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:55.21,1:26:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it's the truth.
Dialogue: 0,1:26:57.21,1:27:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why you have to ask,
Dialogue: 0,1:27:00.00,1:27:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,am I being delusional or not?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:05.42,1:27:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is delusion?
Dialogue: 0,1:27:10.28,1:27:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you are not mindful, you are deluded.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:15.00,1:27:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you are not concentrated, you are deluded.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:18.76,1:27:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you are are unmindful,
Dialogue: 0,1:27:20.44,1:27:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you don't have insight you are deluded.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:25.31,1:27:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With mindfulness, concentration \Nand insight, you are awakened.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:31.70,1:27:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so decisions
Dialogue: 0,1:27:35.17,1:27:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you make when you are deluded
Dialogue: 0,1:27:37.58,1:27:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be incorrect, wrong, \Nand may lead to suffering.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:42.40,1:27:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decisions that you make \Nwhen you are clear-minded,
Dialogue: 0,1:27:46.31,1:27:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are correct.
Dialogue: 0,1:27:52.30,1:27:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you sign a contract when you are drunk,
Dialogue: 0,1:27:58.75,1:28:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:02.06,1:28:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can destroy your family or go bankrupt.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:06.66,1:28:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you want to draft a will for your children
Dialogue: 0,1:28:12.86,1:28:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to be really alert,
Dialogue: 0,1:28:15.37,1:28:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the lawyer must attest that you
Dialogue: 0,1:28:20.84,1:28:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are of sound mind, that your thinking is clear
Dialogue: 0,1:28:24.77,1:28:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that you are signing \Nthe will in front of them.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:28.41,1:28:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if they get you drunk and \Ntold you to sign something,
Dialogue: 0,1:28:33.03,1:28:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would not have value.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:35.40,1:28:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So an action that is right, \Nthat is good, that is true
Dialogue: 0,1:28:41.40,1:28:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,must be seen in the light \Nof delusion and awakening.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:51.00,1:28:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Buddhism, this is a way to sound the alarm.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:02.16,1:29:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Tính và già"\NCurative and preventive.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:06.19,1:29:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has to do with precepts.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:15.70,1:29:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some precepts are curative.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:29.33,1:29:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you break that precept
Dialogue: 0,1:29:32.73,1:29:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you suffer right away.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:35.75,1:29:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've committed an offence right away,
Dialogue: 0,1:29:38.01,1:29:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've done wrong right away.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:42.01,1:29:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, if you kill somebody
Dialogue: 0,1:29:46.62,1:29:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you and the other suffer right away,
Dialogue: 0,1:29:50.71,1:29:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so no killing is a curative [proscriptive] precept.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:54.73,1:29:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Già" means
Dialogue: 0,1:30:01.37,1:30:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preventive.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:22.57,1:30:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The aim is to prevent.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:27.69,1:30:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody will die if you break this precept,
Dialogue: 0,1:30:33.82,1:30:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it prevents you from
Dialogue: 0,1:30:40.90,1:30:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,violating other precepts that cause suffering.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:45.00,1:30:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is
Dialogue: 0,1:30:48.88,1:30:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,curative [proscriptive].
Dialogue: 0,1:30:52.29,1:30:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is preventive.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:00.33,1:31:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, when we go out, \Nwe must go with a second body
Dialogue: 0,1:31:05.57,1:31:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is a preventive precept.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:07.89,1:31:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it may be that if you go \Nalone nothing will happen,
Dialogue: 0,1:31:11.86,1:31:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but should an accident happen \Nwhen you go by yourself
Dialogue: 0,1:31:15.38,1:31:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sangha suffers.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:17.77,1:31:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why it's better to have \Na second body with you.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:20.59,1:31:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the precept of going out with a second body
Dialogue: 0,1:31:24.08,1:31:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a preventive precept.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:26.33,1:31:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meaning if you break this precept, \Nyou don't really suffer,
Dialogue: 0,1:31:32.67,1:31:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's there as a precaution.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:35.18,1:31:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having a second body is bound to be safer.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:41.23,1:31:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the French often say, "Un verre, ça va,
Dialogue: 0,1:31:45.70,1:31:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trois verres, bonjour les dégâts."
Dialogue: 0,1:31:51.41,1:31:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One glass of wine is okay.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:56.39,1:31:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For many of you, one glass is not a problem.
Dialogue: 0,1:31:59.73,1:32:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But usually after the first glass,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:02.49,1:32:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want to have a second.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:05.04,1:32:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first glass won't make you drunk,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:08.50,1:32:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but better to not drink it. \NThat is a preventive action.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:19.37,1:32:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One woman from the UK said,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:22.92,1:32:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For decades I've had \Na glass of wine every weekend
Dialogue: 0,1:32:29.89,1:32:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now you're saying \NI shouldn't even drink this.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:31.78,1:32:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're telling me to practice \Nthe fifth mindfulness training.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:34.48,1:32:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For decades I've had a glass like that,
Dialogue: 0,1:32:36.69,1:32:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it hasn't hurt anyone."
Dialogue: 0,1:32:39.44,1:32:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's true.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:42.60,1:32:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had a glass every weekend \Nand she never got drunk.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:47.85,1:32:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She asked Thay if she could just practice \N4 of the 5 mindfulness trainings.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:52.11,1:32:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She didn't want to practice \Nthe 5th MT on not drinking.
Dialogue: 0,1:32:59.32,1:33:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course you have the right to practice \Nhowever many trainings you wish.
Dialogue: 0,1:33:04.25,1:33:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I told her,
Dialogue: 0,1:33:06.70,1:33:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For you a glass of wine \Non the weekend is not harmful,
Dialogue: 0,1:33:12.89,1:33:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you drink in moderation.
Dialogue: 0,1:33:16.26,1:33:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about your children?"
Dialogue: 0,1:33:28.78,1:33:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Khai, giá"
Dialogue: 0,1:33:37.07,1:33:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Khai" means to open.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:02.65,1:34:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Khai" means to open.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:09.10,1:34:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are rules
Dialogue: 0,1:34:12.51,1:34:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you want everyone to follow.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:16.83,1:34:18.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in the rains retreat
Dialogue: 0,1:34:18.100,1:34:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one is allowed to go out of the boundaries.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:25.19,1:34:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But suppose there's a sister who falls ill
Dialogue: 0,1:34:30.30,1:34:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she requests permission
Dialogue: 0,1:34:34.85,1:34:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the sangha allows her \Nto leave the boundaries for treatment.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:37.55,1:34:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is an open rule.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:39.71,1:34:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not rigid about it.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:42.13,1:34:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Khai" means an exception.
Dialogue: 0,1:34:51.15,1:34:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, a bodhisattva
Dialogue: 0,1:34:53.47,1:34:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes can lie in order to help people.
Dialogue: 0,1:35:01.07,1:35:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you are a police officer
Dialogue: 0,1:35:07.78,1:35:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need to arrest or put someone in jail,
Dialogue: 0,1:35:15.00,1:35:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to handcuff someone, you can still do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:35:21.35,1:35:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But
Dialogue: 0,1:35:24.18,1:35:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the condition that you do it out of love,
Dialogue: 0,1:35:30.00,1:35:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of compassion.
Dialogue: 0,1:35:36.14,1:35:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the sutras, it says that
Dialogue: 0,1:35:39.92,1:35:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a previous life of the Buddha
Dialogue: 0,1:35:42.87,1:35:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had killed one person \Nto save countless people.
Dialogue: 0,1:35:52.50,1:35:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was killing only one person \Nand not 140,000 people.
Dialogue: 0,1:35:59.21,1:36:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said he had to go to hell \Nbecause he killed one person,
Dialogue: 0,1:36:04.02,1:36:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he had to save so many people.
Dialogue: 0,1:36:07.22,1:36:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like when you see someone \Nwith an automatic weapon,
Dialogue: 0,1:36:14.37,1:36:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a machine gun, who is about to \Nshoot a lot of people,
Dialogue: 0,1:36:23.24,1:36:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you are a police officer
Dialogue: 0,1:36:25.82,1:36:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you want to prevent the deaths of many people, \Nyou can shoot that person.
Dialogue: 0,1:36:31.34,1:36:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the foot or hand to wound him enough
Dialogue: 0,1:36:36.20,1:36:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that he can't use the automatic weapon anymore.
Dialogue: 0,1:36:48.76,1:36:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[broken audio]
Dialogue: 0,1:36:53.05,1:36:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's right or good also needs \Nto be based on the criteria
Dialogue: 0,1:36:57.34,1:37:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appropriateness and in-line with the teaching.
Dialogue: 0,1:37:00.45,1:37:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Khế lý" means in-line with the teaching,
Dialogue: 0,1:37:03.60,1:37:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in-line with the dharma.
Dialogue: 0,1:37:14.02,1:37:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time, it needs to be relevant
Dialogue: 0,1:37:17.87,1:37:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the mentality, the situation of that society.
Dialogue: 0,1:37:20.95,1:37:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Appropriateness.\N[Khế cơ]
Dialogue: 0,1:37:31.35,1:37:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to meet the local and current needs.
Dialogue: 0,1:37:46.12,1:37:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are a number of basic criteria
Dialogue: 0,1:37:49.06,1:37:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can serve as a foundation for Buddhist ethics.
Dialogue: 0,1:38:03.45,1:38:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And underneath all of these criteria
Dialogue: 0,1:38:08.69,1:38:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a criteria that transcends \Nall of the above criteria, called
Dialogue: 0,1:38:15.84,1:38:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"nhất nguyên siêu tuyệt"
Dialogue: 0,1:38:30.78,1:38:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"siêu tuyệt nhất nguyên"
Dialogue: 0,1:38:34.56,1:38:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's...
Dialogue: 0,1:38:45.97,1:38:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is beyond this world.
Dialogue: 0,1:39:01.51,1:39:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Sanskrit it's "lokottara."
Dialogue: 0,1:39:09.68,1:39:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Loka" means the mundane world.
Dialogue: 0,1:39:21.47,1:39:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of these criteria are \Nfrom the view of the relative.
Dialogue: 0,1:39:27.60,1:39:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we go beyond the \Nmundane into the supramundane,
Dialogue: 0,1:39:32.42,1:39:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the nature of nirvana, \Nof the dharmakaya,
Dialogue: 0,1:39:35.20,1:39:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these criteria can no longer apply.
Dialogue: 0,1:39:39.90,1:39:43.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In reality in itself,
Dialogue: 0,1:39:44.58,1:39:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reality in itself,
Dialogue: 0,1:39:47.20,1:39:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no good and evil,
Dialogue: 0,1:39:51.05,1:39:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no right and wrong,
Dialogue: 0,1:39:53.50,1:39:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no this side or that side, \Nno above or below.
Dialogue: 0,1:39:57.82,1:40:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No order.
Dialogue: 0,1:40:01.90,1:40:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is lokottara. nirvana. dharmakaya.
Dialogue: 0,1:40:12.23,1:40:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cannot say that the \Ndharmakaya is pure or impure.
Dialogue: 0,1:40:16.82,1:40:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cannot say that \Nnirvana is pure or impure.
Dialogue: 0,1:40:24.91,1:40:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cannot say that it is right or wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:40:29.45,1:40:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All ideas of right and wrong
Dialogue: 0,1:40:34.06,1:40:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of good and evil,
Dialogue: 0,1:40:39.39,1:40:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right and wrong, good and evil \Nall belong to the relative.
Dialogue: 0,1:40:45.98,1:40:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the supramundane, there's no more ideas
Dialogue: 0,1:40:53.58,1:40:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of right and wrong, good and evil.
Dialogue: 0,1:40:58.16,1:41:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So
Dialogue: 0,1:41:00.86,1:41:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nirvana is neither
Dialogue: 0,1:41:04.10,1:41:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right nor wrong,
Dialogue: 0,1:41:05.27,1:41:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nirvana is neither right or wrong, good or evil.
Dialogue: 0,1:41:08.09,1:41:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It transcends all notions.
Dialogue: 0,1:41:09.62,1:41:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no more right and wrong,
Dialogue: 0,1:41:12.28,1:41:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good and evil.
Dialogue: 0,1:41:15.22,1:41:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Transcending all notions, \Nthat is the ultimate criteria.
Dialogue: 0,1:41:18.27,1:41:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Technical glitch] ... meaning, God has an opposite.
Dialogue: 0,1:41:24.47,1:41:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's Satan as opposed to God.
Dialogue: 0,1:41:31.81,1:41:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this God is not yet ...
Dialogue: 0,1:41:42.71,1:41:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This God remains in the realm of
Dialogue: 0,1:41:48.76,1:41:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right and wrong,
Dialogue: 0,1:41:50.44,1:41:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,true and false.
Dialogue: 0,1:41:57.36,1:42:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This God remains in the realm \Nof the false and the true,
Dialogue: 0,1:42:03.62,1:42:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the good and the evil.
Dialogue: 0,1:42:06.20,1:42:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Opposites.
Dialogue: 0,1:42:08.30,1:42:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are theologians who have been able to
Dialogue: 0,1:42:15.64,1:42:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,touch the ultimate.
Dialogue: 0,1:42:19.61,1:42:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These theologians, including some mystics,
Dialogue: 0,1:42:24.33,1:42:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been able to understand God \Nin light of the ultimate.
Dialogue: 0,1:42:29.69,1:42:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And God is no longer described \Nin terms of good and evil,
Dialogue: 0,1:42:39.24,1:42:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right and wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:42:41.59,1:42:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have attained something similar to \Nthe Buddhist concept of Nirvana,
Dialogue: 0,1:42:46.61,1:42:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the dharmakaya,
Dialogue: 0,1:42:48.26,1:42:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Suchness.
Dialogue: 0,1:42:49.60,1:42:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've been able to transcend \Nnotions of suffering and happiness,
Dialogue: 0,1:42:52.87,1:42:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beneficial and un-beneficial, \Ndelusion and awakening,
Dialogue: 0,1:42:55.09,1:42:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,curative and preventive, \Nin-line with the dharma and appropriateness.
Dialogue: 0,1:43:07.53,1:43:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your homework is to revise the first \Nof the Five Mindfulness Trainings.
Dialogue: 0,1:43:14.44,1:43:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each person should come up with \Ntheir version and present it to Thay.
Dialogue: 0,1:43:18.24,1:43:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today Thay would like everyone to divide \Ninto different dharma sharing groups
Dialogue: 0,1:43:23.86,1:43:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discuss your ideas about
Dialogue: 0,1:43:29.55,1:43:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revising the first mindfulness training.
Dialogue: 0,1:43:34.32,1:43:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Revising the first mindfulness training \Nin the light of everything we have learned.
Dialogue: 0,1:43:40.84,1:43:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The view that the other person is not me \Nand I am not the other person.
Dialogue: 0,1:43:45.00,1:43:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dualistic view.
Dialogue: 0,1:43:48.15,1:43:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dualistic view.
Dialogue: 0,1:44:01.66,1:44:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The view
Dialogue: 0,1:44:04.99,1:44:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that transcends all views.
Dialogue: 0,1:44:07.63,1:44:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The view that is still caught,
Dialogue: 0,1:44:10.34,1:44:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caught in a separate self.
Dialogue: 0,1:44:21.90,1:44:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The view
Dialogue: 0,1:44:33.06,1:44:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is grasping.
Dialogue: 0,1:44:38.43,1:44:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ Chấp thủ ] \Nmeans the inability to let go of \Nthe views we hold on to.
Dialogue: 0,1:44:47.42,1:44:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And please recall the first \Nof the 14 Mindfulness Trainings
Dialogue: 0,1:44:54.03,1:44:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on non-attachment to views.
Dialogue: 0,1:44:55.87,1:44:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not being caught,
Dialogue: 0,1:44:59.32,1:45:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not being caught in our views.
Dialogue: 0,1:45:06.08,1:45:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a friend
Dialogue: 0,1:45:13.42,1:45:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who suggested that we include \Nthis line in the first training:
Dialogue: 0,1:45:17.08,1:45:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are committed not to fight for, \Nkill, or die for our own view,
Dialogue: 0,1:45:23.93,1:45:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to impose them on others."
Dialogue: 0,1:45:27.06,1:45:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are committed not to fight, \Nkill or die for our views,
Dialogue: 0,1:45:46.83,1:45:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to impose them on others."
Dialogue: 0,1:45:52.25,1:45:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are committed not to fight for, \Nkill or die for our views,
Dialogue: 0,1:45:56.44,1:45:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or impose them on others.
Dialogue: 0,1:45:58.40,1:46:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This line is from the \N14 Mindfulness Trainings in English.
Dialogue: 0,1:46:01.99,1:46:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is very important, because so many \Nwars and acts of terrorism happening now
Dialogue: 0,1:46:10.47,1:46:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are because people hold tight to views, \Nbeliefs, dogmas or ideologies
Dialogue: 0,1:46:21.86,1:46:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which they believe are true.
Dialogue: 0,1:46:23.95,1:46:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone else is in the wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:46:26.48,1:46:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they're capable of killing \Nto impose their views on others.
Dialogue: 0,1:46:35.94,1:46:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the dualistic view,
Dialogue: 0,1:46:41.88,1:46:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being caught in our own view, \Nthat wrong view leads to discrimination
Dialogue: 0,1:46:54.18,1:46:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leads to fear, hatred and greed.
Dialogue: 0,1:46:59.46,1:47:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these things lead to killing.
Dialogue: 0,1:47:03.42,1:47:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the first mindfulness training \Nneeds to be written in such a way that
Dialogue: 0,1:47:06.85,1:47:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see clearly that it is responding \Nto the current situation of the world.
Dialogue: 0,1:47:15.82,1:47:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because violence in the world is \Nincreasing at an alarming rate.
Dialogue: 0,1:47:20.24,1:47:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see war,
Dialogue: 0,1:47:21.86,1:47:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see violence,
Dialogue: 0,1:47:27.20,1:47:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see terrorism.
Dialogue: 0,1:47:31.68,1:47:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's happening everyday.
Dialogue: 0,1:47:35.80,1:47:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we rewrite the first training, \Nwe do it in such a way that
Dialogue: 0,1:47:41.78,1:47:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone can see clearly it is \Na response to our current situation.
Dialogue: 0,1:47:51.42,1:47:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today if the sangha has dharma sharing
Dialogue: 0,1:47:56.79,1:48:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please organize it so that \Neveryone will have a chance
Dialogue: 0,1:48:02.12,1:48:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to express their ideas about \Nthe first mindfulness training.
Dialogue: 0,1:48:07.67,1:48:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please
Dialogue: 0,1:48:12.86,1:48:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arrange so that each sharing group has copies \Nof the first mindfulness training,
Dialogue: 0,1:48:19.65,1:48:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in English or Vietnamese or French.
Dialogue: 0,1:48:24.13,1:48:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And based on the old version,
Dialogue: 0,1:48:26.23,1:48:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can make suggestions to add any \Nlines or words you deem necessary
Dialogue: 0,1:48:33.78,1:48:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that this mindfulness training \Ncan be more appropriate to our time.