[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.04,0:00:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The power of yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.94,0:00:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I heard about a high school in Chicago
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.55,0:00:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where students had to pass\Na certain number of courses to graduate,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.72,0:00:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they didn't pass a course,\Nthey got the grade "Not Yet."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.25,0:00:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I thought that was fantastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.70,0:00:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you get a failing grade,\Nyou think, I'm nothing, I'm nowhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.48,0:00:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you get the grade "Not Yet",
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.41,0:00:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you understand that\Nyou're on a learning curve.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.93,0:00:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gives you a path into the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.34,0:00:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Not Yet" also gave me insight
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.12,0:00:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a critical event early in my career,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.42,0:00:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a real turning point.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.60,0:00:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to see
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.09,0:00:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how children coped\Nwith challenge and difficulty,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.55,0:00:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I gave 10-year-olds
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.75,0:00:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems that were\Nslightly too hard for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.08,0:01:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of them reacted\Nin a shockingly positive way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.11,0:01:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said things like,\N"I love a challenge,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.13,0:01:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, "You know, I was hoping\Nthis would be informative."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.75,0:01:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They understood that their abilities\Ncould be developed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.71,0:01:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had what I call a growth mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.58,0:01:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But other students felt\Nit was tragic, catastrophic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.98,0:01:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From their more fixed mindset perspective,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.28,0:01:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their intelligence\Nhad been up for judgment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.22,0:01:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they failed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.22,0:01:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of luxuriating\Nin the power of yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.32,0:01:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were gripped in the tyranny of now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.72,0:01:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do they do next?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.67,0:01:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll tell you what they do next.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.10,0:01:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one study, they told us\Nthey would probably cheat the next time
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.34,0:02:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of studying more\Nif they failed a test.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.28,0:02:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In another study, after a failure,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.68,0:02:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they looked for someone\Nwho did worse than they did
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.82,0:02:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they could feel really\Ngood about themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.33,0:02:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in study after study,\Nthey have run from difficulty.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.46,0:02:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists measured\Nthe electrical activity from the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.10,0:02:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as students confronted an error.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.25,0:02:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the left, you see\Nthe fixed-mindset students.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.31,0:02:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's hardly any activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.77,0:02:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They run from the error.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.07,0:02:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't engage with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.69,0:02:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the right, you have the students\Nwith the growth mindset,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.36,0:02:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea that abilities can be developed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.31,0:02:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They engage deeply.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.25,0:02:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their brain is on fire with yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.33,0:02:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They engage deeply.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.65,0:02:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They process the error.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.68,0:03:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They learn from it and they correct it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.91,0:03:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are we raising our children?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.60,0:03:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we raising them\Nfor now instead of yet?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.78,0:03:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we raising kids\Nwho are obsessed with getting As?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.92,0:03:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we raising kids who don't know\Nhow to dream big dreams?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.38,0:03:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their biggest goal is getting the next A,\Nor the next test score?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.31,0:03:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And are they carrying this need\Nfor constant validation with them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.97,0:03:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into their future lives?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.14,0:03:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe, because employers\Nare coming to me and saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.27,0:03:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have already raised a generation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.77,0:03:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of young workers\Nwho can't get through the day
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.87,0:03:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without an award."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.46,0:03:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.47,0:03:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we build that bridge to yet?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.28,0:03:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some things we can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.39,0:04:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, we can praise wisely,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.39,0:04:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not praising intelligence or talent.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.62,0:04:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That has failed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.46,0:04:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't do that anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.12,0:04:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But praising the process\Nthat kids engage in,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.65,0:04:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their effort, their strategies,\Ntheir focus, their perseverance,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.93,0:04:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their improvement.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.60,0:04:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This process praise creates kids\Nwho are hardy and resilient.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.34,0:04:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are other ways to reward yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.50,0:04:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We recently teamed up with game scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.80,0:04:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the University of Washington
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.94,0:04:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create a new online math game\Nthat rewarded yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.08,0:04:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this game, students were rewarded\Nfor effort, strategy and progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.31,0:04:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The usual math game
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.87,0:04:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rewards you for getting answers\Nright, right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.30,0:04:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this game rewarded process.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.39,0:05:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we got more effort,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.18,0:05:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more strategies,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.38,0:05:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more engagement\Nover longer periods of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.30,0:05:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more perseverance when they hit\Nreally, really hard problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.49,0:05:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just the words "yet"\Nor "not yet," we're finding,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.11,0:05:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give kids greater confidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.58,0:05:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give them a path into the future\Nthat creates greater persistence.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.33,0:05:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can actually\Nchange students' mindsets.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.88,0:05:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one study, we taught them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.24,0:05:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that every time they push out\Nof their comfort zone
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.72,0:05:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn something new and difficult,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.16,0:05:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the neurons in their brain\Ncan form new, stronger connections,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.84,0:05:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over time, they can get smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.29,0:05:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look what happened: In this study,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.82,0:05:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students who were not taught\Nthis growth mindset
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.59,0:06:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continued to show declining grades\Nover this difficult school transition,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.34,0:06:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but those who were taught this lesson\Nshowed a sharp rebound in their grades.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.32,0:06:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have shown this now,\Nthis kind of improvement,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.26,0:06:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with thousands and thousands of kids,\Nespecially struggling students.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.07,0:06:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's talk about equality.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.29,0:06:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our country,\Nthere are groups of students
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.55,0:06:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who chronically underperform,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.37,0:06:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, children in inner cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.54,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or children on Native American\Nreservations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.03,0:06:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they've done so poorly for so long
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.79,0:06:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many people think it's inevitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.40,0:06:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when educators create\Ngrowth mindset classrooms
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.32,0:06:57.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,steeped in yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.71,0:07:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equality happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.86,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here are just a few examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.03,0:07:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one year, a kindergarten class\Nin Harlem, New York
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.94,0:07:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scored in the 95th percentile
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.46,0:07:18.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the national achievement test.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.63,0:07:22.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of those kids could not hold a pencil
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.02,0:07:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they arrived at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.78,0:07:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one year,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.59,0:07:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fourth-grade students\Nin the South Bronx, way behind,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.45,0:07:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became the number one fourth-grade class\Nin the state of New York
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.73,0:07:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the state math test.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.08,0:07:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a year, to a year and a half,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.43,0:07:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Native American students\Nin a school on a reservation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.80,0:07:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went from the bottom\Nof their district to the top,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.82,0:08:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that district included\Naffluent sections of Seattle.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.19,0:08:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Native kids\Noutdid the Microsoft kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.12,0:08:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This happened because the meaning\Nof effort and difficulty were transformed.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.92,0:08:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before, effort and difficulty
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.64,0:08:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made them feel dumb,\Nmade them feel like giving up,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.84,0:08:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now, effort and difficulty,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.62,0:08:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's when their neurons\Nare making new connections,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.16,0:08:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stronger connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.97,0:08:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's when they're getting smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.80,0:08:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I received a letter recently\Nfrom a 13-year-old boy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.19,0:08:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Dear Professor Dweck,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.21,0:08:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I appreciate that your writing\Nis based on solid scientific research,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.18,0:09:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's why I decided\Nto put it into practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.19,0:09:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I put more effort into my schoolwork,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.10,0:09:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into my relationship with my family,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.05,0:09:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into my relationship\Nwith kids at school,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.30,0:09:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I experienced great improvement\Nin all of those areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.44,0:09:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now realize I've wasted\Nmost of my life."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.36,0:09:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's not waste any more lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.10,0:09:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because once we know
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.90,0:09:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that abilities are capable of such growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.30,0:09:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it becomes a basic human right\Nfor children, all children,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.27,0:09:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to live in places that create that growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.93,0:10:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to live in places filled with "yet".
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.99,0:10:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.16,0:10:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)