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preroll music
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Herald Angel: Welcome back to the hacc stage[br]this year on the remote Congress three. We
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are here again to host you an amazing[br]talk: How proprietary IP and copyright
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models failed society and what we can do[br]about it by Mario. He will be talking
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about some examples where IP or the[br]current IP system failed us. And I think
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in general, a lot of people would agree[br]that not everyone is content with how IP
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works today. So I have nothing more to add[br]to this. And I give my voice over to
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Mario.
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Mario Behling: Thank you very much. This has been[br]a very kind introduction and I appreciate
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the support of the entire team and[br]community. And I'm happy to give this talk
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here today. It's a question that really[br]concerns me for many years, honestly, more
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than 20 years since I started my journey[br]in the open source, in the free software
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and the open hardware community. And yeah,[br]I have quite a few things to share. And so
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but before I talk about all these problems[br]that we see, especially this year, I want
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to talk about the positives, my experience[br]over many years, how open systems can
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benefit society and people's lives. And I[br]want to talk about what I experienced and
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where I connected to people first, because[br]for me, this is kind of proof that open
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systems can work and that they are ready[br]to be the mainstream in society. So
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shortly about myself, I'm working here in[br]Berlin with my company, OpenTec. I lived
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many years in Asia and usually I spend[br]still a lot of time in Asia every year.
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And actually I stayed there until April.[br]And when I came back at the beginning of
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the Corona crisis, then to Germany to be[br]close to my parents and I love learning
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languages so on, not only into tech,[br]always had this excitement, the kind of
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inspiration when I meet people from other[br]countries and try to speak their
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languages. And yeah, that's what I really[br]love. And people don't believe it
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sometimes when they see my photo in the[br]driver's license where I have long hair
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and I used to play in a rock band. So[br]that's also in my life. And yeah, I
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believe in open tech as a solution for[br]many of our global problems. So in 2006,
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for example, I started a journey with a[br]mesh network community here. And I would
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like to share something that I did there[br]that I hope to inspire others. And it's a
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video which I want to show you a few[br]seconds here, to get you into the mood. So
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let me quickly switch to the video. And[br]here it's from Flo Fleißig and one video
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that I created at that time.
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Video: singing Flo Fleißig, Flo Fleißig,[br]Flo Fleißig olala. Flo Fleißig, Flo Fleißig,
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Flo Fleißig olala.
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Ich bin Florian, und das ist meine neue[br]Wohnung. Wir sind gerade hier eingezogen.
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Und, ich hab kein Internet. Jedenfalls[br]hatte ich keins. Aber in Berlin gibts ja
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Leute, die verschenken Internet. Und das[br]Allerbeste? Es kommt auch noch durch die
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Luft. Und ich zeig' euch wie. [br]Kommt mal mit. Hier ist mein
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Wohnzimmer. Kommt rein, kommt rein. Na,[br]wie sehen die Schuhe aus? Gut. Und das ist
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mein Computer. Und der brauchte Internet.[br]Und wo kommt das her? Erst mal aus nem
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Kabel. Und das Kabel geht durch die Decke.[br]So, kommt mit, ich zeig euch wo das hin
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führt. Das ist meine Dachterasse. Und von[br]hier komm ich immer aufs Dach. Kommt
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schon, kommt schon! Von hier aus kann man[br]über ganz Berlin gucken. Da hinten ist der
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Fernsehturm. Da kommt mein Internet aber[br]nicht her. Guckt mal, hier kommt mein
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Kabel raus. Und das geht in ne Tupperbox[br]da unten. Und da kommt noch Strom hin und
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dann kommt noch 'n anderes Kabel raus[br]Mario: And I don't want to show the entire
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video. But I want to give you an example.[br]What I did and how I got into the
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community, how I got excited. So in, for[br]example, for the free wireless mesh
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community. And I kind of forgot that it[br]was German, I was switching it in. But
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it's about a guy who gets the Internet[br]through Wi-Fi, who uses open source
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software, uses networks and like as much[br]as possible open things, and then like it
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creates a network, participates in a[br]network and so on. We make videos about
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Wikipedia and so on. So actually, that was[br]a pretty exciting time because it just
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seemed everything's possible. People were[br]talking about blogging, changing the media
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and so on. So, yeah, looking back from[br]2020, it seems kind of like a utopian time
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where we thought so many things are[br]possible. And then we had like many events
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here called The Wizards of OS, and they[br]happened like every two years at that
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time. And I was excited. So I went there.[br]And one year I also got the chance to help
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with the press there. So I met a lot of[br]the drivers of that time there. So, for
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example, like here in this slide, we see[br]Volker Grassmuck who organized the
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Wizards of OS, with a team and with a[br]community. And some people we welcomed
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back then were Jimmy Wales, Lawrence[br]Lessig. And yeah, that was a really cool
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time with all these people came from all[br]over the world. And like everything seemed
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possible and and we changed it. So and at[br]that time, I also, of course, made a video
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with Lawrence Lessig and. Yeah. And he[br]said something very important for me. It
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is extraordinarily important to have[br]openness really in every layer of the
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network. The physical infrastructure needs[br]to have open and free resources, the
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logical and the application needs to be[br]open and the content layer too has to be
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opened. These things work together to[br]encourage a wide range of innovation and
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creativity. This just sounded so cool to[br]me. Everything just needs to be open. And
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yeah, I believe in this until today. And I[br]see that people around the world and also
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I personally, we have a lot of benefits[br]through open things. So I finished
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universities then and I wanted to do good.[br]So I worked in some projects, for example,
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here in Berlin at the TU Berlin, where we[br]trained Afghans. And I also then had the
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chance to go to Afghanistan with a[br]position in the Foreign Ministry, they
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funded like some training programs in[br]Afghanistan. And I went there and yeah,
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that was really cool so I could help[br]people in the university. We were training
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there. We were doing like presentations,[br]lectures and so on in the university over
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a period of one year and also worked with[br]the Goethe institute. Later on I met a
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guy who like crazy from crazy way to think [br]of it. He started his company in Afghanistan
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and then he collaborated with all kinds of[br]organization and projects. And at that
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time we got in contact with the one laptop[br]per child project and we ended up to
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distribute 10,000 OLPCs, the XO laptops in[br]Afghanistan, but not just distributing
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them. What we actually did is we set up[br]and networks there so the kids could have
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access to knowledge from the Internet to[br]Wikipedia. And we even like did all this,
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like we installed a localized Wikipedia[br]version on a computer. And so you didn't
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have to go all the way to the Internet.[br]The Internet connection was bad, right,
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like you can imagine, for example, in[br]Jalalabad, it was really difficult to get
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a good Internet connection. So we set up[br]like a local server on a Eee PC at that
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time and with like kind of stripped down[br]version of Wikipedia. And then we had our
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local network there. So. Right. I mean.[br]Whatever we always talk about we actually really
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tried to make it happen and we did it and[br]and there were so many more ideas at that
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time. I mean, for example, the Goethe[br]institute, I had proposed to them back in
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2006, to make a content management system[br]or a wiki or something like that and
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collect educational materials. And I[br]thought, like, maybe we could have one or
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two people at the Goethe institute working[br]on educational materials instead of like
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selling books to kids. And, you know, all[br]this thing where you have to, like,
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distribute books around the world and so[br]on. I thought, like, we can do so much.
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And why not start with a German institute?[br]Unfortunately, already 2006, there wasn't
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any positive feedback. They said, oh,[br]that's really nice. They wanted to hire me
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right away as for their development[br]team to to take care of their website, but
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actually I was always interested in[br]creating open knowledge. And yeah,
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unfortunately, until today, we still have[br]the problem that the digital divide is
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here right now in in Germany. And yeah,[br]it's still not there. So unfortunately, no
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progress when I first proposed that 2006[br]to the Goethe institute. So I stayed
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longer in Asia and later on I went to[br]Singapore, then to Vietnam, and I started
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a company in Vietnam. We did kind of Linux[br]systems for the Swiss post. And so that
0:11:10.770,0:11:16.970
was nice, right? I mean, you could earn[br]income with open source. Fantastic. And we
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had this idea to connect with the global[br]community. There was always this feeling
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that we are a bit disconnected. Yeah. I[br]mean, we're in Asia, we see all these
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things happening online and somehow we[br]don't meet these developers that we
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usually meet at conferences, for example,[br]in Europe. So we thought we are in Asia.
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It's not just me I'm talking about we,[br]because, of course, you're always
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embedded. You always meet friends,[br]developers, designers, a lot of
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community people. So we thought, like,[br]let's make a event in Asia and here in
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Vietnam and we love FOSS and let's call it[br]fossasia then because we are in Asia. And
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yeah over the years we developed different[br]activities and different streams here,
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fossasia.org, where we of course then[br]develop software and hardware. I mean if
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you have events and when you have events,[br]I mean then you meet other people and they
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have cool ideas, you have cool ideas. But[br]it's not that you only talk about it, you
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actually do it. You open a GitHub[br]repository, for example, and then create a
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project and some projects move forward and[br]yeah, become real and people use it. So
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one of these projects, for example, is[br]eventyay.com that we use to organize our
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open source events. And then like we also[br]connect developers, for example, through
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programs like codeheat. So happy to see[br]you guys there checking it out. And it
0:12:45.709,0:12:50.970
would be great to see you on one of these[br]platforms. And yeah, a few pictures of
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people who are contributing and we always[br]have big numbers. Right. And but like,
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it's not just big numbers, of course, like[br]people come and go. A lot of people
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register but like then they come back.[br]Some people continuously work over a long
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time. Maybe you see some familiar faces[br]here from other events. These are a few of
0:13:11.029,0:13:16.580
the contributors in the fossasia[br]community. So we have a lot of merged pull
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requests. There are 5,000 developers[br]registered, as I said, big numbers. You
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know, some people stay, some people go.[br]It's always come and go. But we have a lot
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of activity going on. We have hackathons[br]and we have a lot of coding programs. So
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back to 2009, then we started to organize[br]events here with the help of the GNOME
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community we hosted GNOME.Asia. We started[br]development. And that's what I say, like
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openness, open systems. They really[br]bring together people to share
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knowledge and, yeah, to build a better[br]world. And we continued over many years
0:13:53.210,0:14:01.680
here, for example, fossasia Summit 2011,[br]where we had a mini debconf. And so we
0:14:01.680,0:14:06.960
were very happy to welcome debian[br]developers from all over the world.
0:14:06.960,0:14:12.880
That was really nice. And we moved to[br]different places. For example, Phnom Penh
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in 2014 where we were at Norton University.[br]People again came from many different
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places. So that was really inspiring. And[br]not just like summits and events here.
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Also we have coding contests and here,[br]for example, there's an information event
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about coding, about codeheat in India. So[br]it's not just us, people actually started
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to make their own events without our help,[br]so that was really lovely to see here in
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India. And yeah, so then I thought, like,[br]OK, all this free and open source, it's
0:14:56.690,0:15:05.779
working. We have the software. We have[br]people working on hardware. How about open
0:15:05.779,0:15:13.420
architecture? And it happened that like I[br]was in Vietnam and we had a small patch of
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land and we had planned to build a house.[br]And then we said, why not build something
0:15:19.410,0:15:22.670
really nice, like a slightly bigger where[br]we can also welcome people from the
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community that we can say that we build an[br]open source business here and we decided
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to build an open source hotel. So[br]basically a hotel that uses as much as
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possible open source tools and software[br]and also a hotel that should have like
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follow the idea of ecology. And so we put[br]on top of the house, for example, water,
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solar panels that are known to be really[br]efficient. So the entire building is like
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uses hot water through solar panels, for[br]example. And of course, we use Linux
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system where people can go to into the[br]Internet. We use openWRT for our network
0:16:08.290,0:16:12.480
and so on. Whatever is possible,[br]unfortunately, is not entirely possible.
0:16:12.480,0:16:20.959
Because in Vietnam it's also like guests[br]are usually supervised by the police. So
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the police demands that you install an app[br]on the hotel computer and when you submit
0:16:27.779,0:16:32.880
every evening which guests are in the[br]hotel. So that one is the only laptop that
0:16:32.880,0:16:39.110
runs with Windows, there in the building.[br]Yeah. And that was cool and then I thought
0:16:39.110,0:16:46.780
like but like what's happening in Germany.[br]So I went to Germany and I met a lot of
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people who were working on knitting. Yeah,[br]knitting. And then there were
0:16:54.010,0:17:00.690
people who are interested in fashion and[br]technology and we thought like, why not
0:17:00.690,0:17:06.780
bring these people together? And there was[br]also there was also a time where some
0:17:06.780,0:17:13.790
disasters happened, for example, in[br]Bangladesh. And so we had the, there was a
0:17:13.790,0:17:19.089
building that crashed down. A lot of[br]people died there and so on. So basically.
0:17:19.089,0:17:23.990
That was big in the news and then there[br]was big in the news that the textile
0:17:23.990,0:17:29.679
industry harms the environment like in[br]many different ways, especially in those
0:17:29.679,0:17:35.490
emerging countries. So we thought, what[br]could we do about it? And the TU Berlin
0:17:35.490,0:17:41.860
and Melanie and Andre, few friends here,[br]they said, let's make it happen. Let's
0:17:41.860,0:17:45.960
let's make an event happen where we[br]bring some people together. And, yeah, I
0:17:45.960,0:17:50.780
would like to share another video here[br]with you to give you some impressions from
0:17:50.780,0:17:52.500
that time.
0:18:08.407,0:18:10.825
German TV Narrator: Computer trifft [br]auf Mode.
0:18:10.825,0:18:15.970
Auf der MeshCon kamen zum ersten Mal[br]Softwareentwickler, Strickenthusiasten und
0:18:15.970,0:18:21.040
Vertreter der Textil- und Modeindustrie[br]zusammen. Entwickelt werden unter anderem
0:18:21.040,0:18:24.640
digitale Strickmaschinen als[br]umweltschonende Konkurrenz für
0:18:24.640,0:18:29.940
Billiganbieter aus Fernost. Ein nur 3€[br]teurer WLAN-Chip zum Beispiel ins Hemd
0:18:29.940,0:18:33.832
eingenäht, lässt die Kleidung mitdenken.[br]Mario: Für den Gesundheitssektor ist das
0:18:33.832,0:18:38.070
sehr interessant, denn hier kann man[br]sehen, wie verschiedene Parameter
0:18:38.070,0:18:41.930
funktionieren. Man kann den Herzschlag[br]abnehmen, man kann Blutdruck und so weiter
0:18:41.930,0:18:45.710
dann aufzeichnen und direkt per WLAN[br]übertragen.
0:18:45.710,0:18:49.940
TV Narrator: Ziel der MeshCon ist es,[br]durch digitale Anwendungen eine
0:18:49.940,0:18:53.870
umweltfreundliche Textilproduktion nach[br]Deutschland zurückzuholen.
0:18:53.870,0:19:03.470
Mario: So, yeah, right, I mean, like that[br]was 2014 and again, you might say, well,
0:19:03.470,0:19:07.460
yeah, it's the same topics that we hear[br]today. I mean, like that's like six years
0:19:07.460,0:19:12.340
later, right? It's "umweltfreundlich",[br]environment. Right. Environmental friendly
0:19:12.340,0:19:17.780
textile industry. What can we do with[br]technologies to improve the situation
0:19:17.780,0:19:23.370
here? And yeah, like this is something[br]that we can do with free and open source
0:19:23.370,0:19:29.230
hardware. And then we had the CCC event[br]again that year and there Hong Phuc
0:19:29.230,0:19:38.300
presented her like talk about textile[br]machines. And there was this vision of a
0:19:38.300,0:19:43.200
open textile production line. That's a[br]huge thing. And we thought, like, let's
0:19:43.200,0:19:47.580
make a revolution for the textile and[br]garment industry. The system is broken.
0:19:47.580,0:19:52.471
So already 2014 and onwards like we[br]already knew that the system is broken.
0:19:52.471,0:19:57.850
And it's just the same situation as today.[br]And there was a video, I think I don't
0:19:57.850,0:20:02.520
have so much time to show this, but we[br]have our friends from the hackerspace in
0:20:02.520,0:20:08.070
Munich and different ones like in this[br]video. I recommend you to you to have a
0:20:08.070,0:20:14.520
look online after this session and the[br]links and slideshow will be provided. But
0:20:14.520,0:20:20.491
it's really amazing what they do. And it[br]shows that. Like textile production, local
0:20:20.491,0:20:26.490
production is possible with free and open[br]tools. We just need to develop them into
0:20:26.490,0:20:31.390
the right direction. And of course, it[br]takes a lot of resources. So that was one
0:20:31.390,0:20:35.809
cool thing. And then we continue our[br]fossasia events, of course, here at Phnom
0:20:35.809,0:20:41.320
Penh, for example, we had Pravin. Pravin[br]was from India and he is a physics teacher
0:20:41.320,0:20:46.970
there, and he introduced to us the idea of[br]a pocket science lab that he could use for
0:20:46.970,0:20:52.590
himself to teach the students. So we[br]started that project and it's unbelievable
0:20:52.590,0:21:00.410
what we have now achieved in 2020. We now[br]have a small science lab here and you can
0:21:00.410,0:21:06.560
find more information on pslab.io. And[br]this science lab is completely open. Here
0:21:06.560,0:21:11.260
you see the board. So you can connect it,[br]for example, to a computer, you can
0:21:11.260,0:21:15.870
connect it to a smartphone and you can[br]start to do experiments. There's a lot
0:21:15.870,0:21:20.400
more work to do, but we have already[br]achieved versions that people all over the
0:21:20.400,0:21:25.460
world can use. And yeah, even you can[br]connect small robots and learn about this.
0:21:25.460,0:21:31.910
So that's really cool. And this is, again,[br]a positive vision. And we produce this in
0:21:31.910,0:21:35.500
China. Of course, I always say local[br]production, but we do what is possible, of
0:21:35.500,0:21:41.900
course, with fossasia. We have a lot of[br]connections across Asia. So here we
0:21:41.900,0:21:46.919
actually got the knowledge to do this. We[br]started a small company that facilitated
0:21:46.919,0:21:51.530
the production. So that's all possible.[br]And then, of course, it's about education.
0:21:51.530,0:21:56.110
Here we see how people like go around in[br]different places, for example, a
0:21:56.110,0:22:00.190
Hackerspace Maker Fair in Singapore and[br]so on, and do this. And then another thing
0:22:00.190,0:22:04.830
that we did, I already mentioned[br]eventyay.com. We now integrated Jitsi and
0:22:04.830,0:22:10.860
Big Blue Button. Again, a positive example[br]how you can collaborate in the open
0:22:10.860,0:22:14.929
community. They're like completely[br]different projects. We don't even know
0:22:14.929,0:22:19.330
always the developers, but we can find[br]their projects online and we can build
0:22:19.330,0:22:26.190
amazing solutions. So of course, like[br]always, the Chaos Computer Congress here.
0:22:26.190,0:22:32.059
And this is the place where our[br]contributors here from Europe, but also
0:22:32.059,0:22:35.980
like from Asia, come together.[br]Unfortunately, this year it's not
0:22:35.980,0:22:43.179
possible. But we're really looking forward[br]to hang out again with you guys so hello
0:22:43.179,0:22:48.780
here from Berlin right now at the moment[br]to everyone. So this is a great place to
0:22:48.780,0:22:54.550
meet. So we see amazing things are[br]possible. And I could give you more
0:22:54.550,0:23:01.290
examples from my own life, like free and[br]open source technologies and knowledge and
0:23:01.290,0:23:06.550
all these things are possible and they[br]can be an example. But fast forward to
0:23:06.550,0:23:11.179
today. What are the news that we are[br]seeing? We are seeing information about
0:23:11.179,0:23:17.780
how proprietary IP and copyright models[br]fail society every day. And let me go
0:23:17.780,0:23:23.081
through a few news here. So, for example,[br]here already in March: Everything is
0:23:23.081,0:23:30.510
missing. That was reported on[br]Süddeutsche.de and it was reported that we
0:23:30.510,0:23:38.780
don't even have like the simplest masks[br]everywhere. And I have to say now it is
0:23:38.780,0:23:43.920
the end of December, 10 months later. And[br]still my father went to the pharmacy. He's
0:23:43.920,0:23:49.950
85 years. And what happened? They don't[br]have masks. Yeah. So this is something
0:23:49.950,0:23:55.440
simple. We are living in a high tech[br]country here in Germany, but. We don't
0:23:55.440,0:23:59.990
have masks. Yeah, and even the masks that[br]we have, I mean, like, if I would think
0:23:59.990,0:24:05.690
like 10 months have passed, what high[br]quality, high tech masks could we have
0:24:05.690,0:24:14.850
possibly now if we bring all our knowledge[br]together? But it is a market focused
0:24:14.850,0:24:21.880
economy here and a market focused society[br]that we have a lack to even imagine,
0:24:21.880,0:24:28.549
something that could work with a power of[br]community. And I was very pleased to see
0:24:28.549,0:24:33.500
here our friends from Potsdam and[br]Brandenburg here giving a talk at the CCC
0:24:33.500,0:24:39.950
about how they took action and produced[br]masks themselves. And it's unbelievable
0:24:39.950,0:24:47.560
how actually we rely on citizens to take[br]the initiative where we have like so much
0:24:47.560,0:24:52.120
money in the economy and businesses and[br]the government. I mean, like, we really
0:24:52.120,0:24:57.400
need to do and change something here. But[br]this is just like one example. And I want
0:24:57.400,0:25:04.860
to move forward. Then just a few days ago,[br]I read this here: our health minister,
0:25:04.860,0:25:13.600
they have the right to... We have patents,[br]right? Like patents and for... People
0:25:13.600,0:25:20.840
do research and they develop like some[br]kind of formula. They develop a process.
0:25:20.840,0:25:28.720
And so a lot of companies use patents to[br]ensure they can earn money with this. But
0:25:28.720,0:25:33.960
what happens if there is a war or if[br]there's a huge crisis like now the
0:25:33.960,0:25:42.120
pandemic? The government is allowed to[br]stop this. The government is permitted to
0:25:42.120,0:25:49.020
take the patents and say they're invalid,[br]for example, for some time, and they can
0:25:49.020,0:25:55.150
use, for example, their power here to[br]produce more vaccinations right? But how
0:25:55.150,0:26:01.929
long do we have to wait until vaccination[br]is available for everyone? And I mean, six
0:26:01.929,0:26:07.690
months, one year, and then is it available[br]for everyone around the world? I mean,
0:26:07.690,0:26:15.850
right now, the vaccination like, it's a[br]business, right? And the companies that
0:26:15.850,0:26:20.960
create the vaccination, they don't have[br]any interest commercially to quickly
0:26:20.960,0:26:27.200
vaccinate everyone. I mean, you can read[br]about it on the Internet everywhere. I'm
0:26:27.200,0:26:33.220
not going into detail here. There was also[br]a talk about patents here at the CCC. So
0:26:33.220,0:26:42.549
this is another bad example, how we fail[br]society because of our policies. There was
0:26:42.549,0:26:46.330
also this example in the corona crisis[br]where some media reported that actually a
0:26:46.330,0:26:57.809
company tried to stop makers here in[br]Milano in Italy, and these makers had
0:26:57.809,0:27:05.100
produced spare parts for ventilators. And[br]they were really like running out of
0:27:05.100,0:27:10.720
ventilators. And that was a big problem.[br]And yeah, this company, of course, didn't
0:27:10.720,0:27:16.059
want to help and they couldn't provide[br]design files to actually save lives! So
0:27:16.059,0:27:25.690
this is just so sad that copyright and[br]patents actually, you know, like you can
0:27:25.690,0:27:32.460
only be in a loss of words when you think[br]about it. It's like people die because of
0:27:32.460,0:27:38.640
these kind of like... Yeah, and we have[br]this here, patents are dying. So there are
0:27:38.640,0:27:49.020
initiatives that actually mention this and[br]ask European governments to follow up. So
0:27:49.020,0:27:53.400
then another example like I can, I have a[br]lot of examples. I don't know if I have
0:27:53.400,0:27:58.059
enough time in this talk. But now let's go[br]to examples here. The pandemic amplifies
0:27:58.059,0:28:02.720
trouble with restrictive licensing and[br]text e-books. So, of course, education is
0:28:02.720,0:28:08.000
a big topic like students are at home,[br]they can't get materials that they need.
0:28:08.000,0:28:13.779
You can find examples all around the[br]world. And then we have the World
0:28:13.779,0:28:20.440
Intellectual Property Organization here,[br]WIPO. What are they doing? "Copyright and
0:28:20.440,0:28:24.030
Covid-19: Has WIPO learned nothing from[br]the pandemic?" are the news that we are
0:28:24.030,0:28:29.870
reading here. So basically they don't want[br]to change their policies. People don't
0:28:29.870,0:28:34.490
have access to education, to knowledge,.[br]Even the pandemic they have to stay at
0:28:34.490,0:28:40.450
home and it's just not possible to adjust[br]the policies. Everything is just for
0:28:40.450,0:28:46.370
copyright. WIPO's missed opportunity to[br]produce guidance on copyright exceptions
0:28:46.370,0:28:53.630
hits education during pandemic. And here,[br]for example, a quote from a spokesperson
0:28:53.630,0:28:59.000
for African countries. In light of the[br]Covid-19 pandemic, never before has the
0:28:59.000,0:29:03.630
subject of copyright limitations and[br]exceptions been more pertinent for
0:29:03.630,0:29:09.669
educational and research purposes. It is[br]just so clear, he continues: Open source
0:29:09.669,0:29:15.190
publications on health research are[br]essential to the common human endeavor to
0:29:15.190,0:29:19.910
find a solution to this global health[br]challenge. Furthermore, children in
0:29:19.910,0:29:24.650
developing countries have been denied[br]online access to educational research
0:29:24.650,0:29:29.240
material because of copyright[br]restrictions. This is just unbelievable.
0:29:29.240,0:29:35.140
It is inhumane to learn about this. And[br]yeah, why did it take so long before
0:29:35.140,0:29:41.200
reading time arrived to distance learning?[br]Copyright, of course, is a quote here of
0:29:41.200,0:29:46.840
Mike Masnick that I found online. And he[br]goes on how like, for example, teachers
0:29:46.840,0:29:53.780
have to get permission to use reading[br]materials online. And it is just silly if
0:29:53.780,0:29:58.090
you think what he says here. No one would[br]ever expect that if you walked into a
0:29:58.090,0:30:03.610
kindergarten classroom that a teacher[br]would first need to get a) a permission to
0:30:03.610,0:30:08.590
read aloud a book and b) state before[br]reading that he or she had permission from
0:30:08.590,0:30:14.900
the copyright holder. This is happening in[br]kindergartens, it's just insane. So a lot
0:30:14.900,0:30:19.570
more examples and I will switch a bit[br]forward because I don't have too much time
0:30:19.570,0:30:26.940
here for the entire thing. What else[br]happened here this year? The youtube-dl
0:30:26.940,0:30:34.340
source repository went offline. The I...[br]R...I... RIAA used the same law that stops
0:30:34.340,0:30:39.000
farmers, creators and security researchers[br]from modifying or repairing devices they
0:30:39.000,0:30:44.730
bought and own from tractors and toasters[br]or smart speakers and smartphones. And we
0:30:44.730,0:30:49.610
could just go on and I think many of you[br]remember what happened. They just took off
0:30:49.610,0:30:54.279
a source repository, basically without[br]rights. And of course, my favorite here:
0:30:54.279,0:30:59.010
Apple. Apple crushes one-man repair shop[br]in Norway's Supreme Court after a three
0:30:59.010,0:31:04.150
year battle. Maybe some people are[br]confused. I don't know who's listening. If
0:31:04.150,0:31:07.110
you're listening from Germany, if you're[br]listening from Australia or any other
0:31:07.110,0:31:13.549
country, you could actually find similar[br]news everywhere in the world where Apple
0:31:13.549,0:31:20.110
prevents people from repairing their[br]phones or from making any changes to their
0:31:20.110,0:31:24.610
devices. And think about this in regards[br]to the environment. Do you think this is
0:31:24.610,0:31:28.770
good? If you can't repair your device and[br]always have to buy something new?
0:31:28.770,0:31:35.990
Definitely not. The example like the EFF[br]just referred to it in the same path:
0:31:35.990,0:31:42.250
Farmers fight John Deere over who gets to[br]fix an 800,000$ tractor. So. John Deere is
0:31:42.250,0:31:50.029
one of the biggest like companies that[br]create machinery, agricultural
0:31:50.029,0:31:54.890
machinery, and they told the copyright[br]office that farmers don't own their
0:31:54.890,0:31:59.510
tractors because computer code snakes[br]through the DNA of modern tractors,
0:31:59.510,0:32:03.620
farmers receive an implied license for the[br]life of the vehicle to operate the
0:32:03.620,0:32:10.029
vehicle. OK, again, copyright and[br]intellectual property, so-called. And just
0:32:10.029,0:32:14.320
like now, I don't know if people already[br]have the chance to go through the Brexit
0:32:14.320,0:32:19.450
treaty. What do we read now on the Brexit[br]treaty? A party shall not require the
0:32:19.450,0:32:25.080
transfer of, or access to the source code[br]of software owned by a natural or legal
0:32:25.080,0:32:32.120
person of the other party. Basically, this[br]means. This is a trade agreement, and in
0:32:32.120,0:32:36.799
this trade agreement, we say if, for[br]example, the EU or Germany, for example,
0:32:36.799,0:32:42.890
demands that any software that we buy from[br]Britain and if the software is, for
0:32:42.890,0:32:48.040
example, security related or for our power[br]grid or something like that, we are not
0:32:48.040,0:32:56.190
permitted to ask a British supplier to[br]open the source code to us. This is like
0:32:56.190,0:33:02.880
how politicians continue here in this[br]crisis. So it's all heading in the wrong
0:33:02.880,0:33:07.570
direction. And these are just a few[br]examples. We are living here in a market
0:33:07.570,0:33:13.640
society, but the market is failing to[br]solve the pandemic, the climate change and
0:33:13.640,0:33:19.529
poverty around the world. This is just[br]what we see here. And I want now some
0:33:19.529,0:33:25.340
outcome here. I want demands. In my view,[br]we are in a state of digital emergency. To
0:33:25.340,0:33:29.000
solve the problems of our planet, from[br]climate change to the pandemic and
0:33:29.000,0:33:35.980
poverty, we need a new open digital deal[br]for global collaboration. And this is what
0:33:35.980,0:33:41.080
I showed to you before. I showed to you[br]how, from my own experience, I can
0:33:41.080,0:33:45.880
collaborate and work together with people[br]all around the world. I can meet them. We
0:33:45.880,0:33:51.059
can create something new. We did create[br]many things. And in my view, this is an
0:33:51.059,0:33:59.350
example here that we should follow as a[br]society. And that's why I have demands and
0:33:59.350,0:34:07.350
here's some key things that I think we[br]need. So of course, we need global
0:34:07.350,0:34:11.579
knowledge sharing to solve our problems.[br]We need open access to knowledge and
0:34:11.579,0:34:19.909
information. We can't afford anymore to[br]block access to our books and knowledge.
0:34:19.909,0:34:24.200
And of course, that also means open[br]science. We shouldn't say open science
0:34:24.200,0:34:29.450
because science is like by definition[br]already open. But unfortunately, it is not
0:34:29.450,0:34:37.029
always, often scientific sources are not[br]released. And I think many people who are
0:34:37.029,0:34:43.479
working in science and in university can[br]talk a lot about this. So local
0:34:43.479,0:34:48.560
production, of course. Of course, it's not[br]achievable from one moment to the other.
0:34:48.560,0:34:53.289
But right now, like we already saw how,[br]for example, for some health equipment, we
0:34:53.289,0:34:59.430
are dependent on other regions of the[br]world. It's very monopolized and
0:34:59.430,0:35:10.239
centralized and for the environment and[br]for the benefit of a lot of people like
0:35:10.239,0:35:17.130
locals who want to make income. We need a[br]circular economy. So that, yeah, that is
0:35:17.130,0:35:21.880
important. And of course, like it's an[br]ongoing topic. And I know a lot of people
0:35:21.880,0:35:26.869
in Asia and in other parts of the world[br]who suffer because they don't have
0:35:26.869,0:35:32.299
privacy. And yeah, privacy is a human[br]right, but there are many human rights
0:35:32.299,0:35:36.660
that are violated, unfortunately, all[br]around the world. Well, probably this list
0:35:36.660,0:35:40.940
can be extended. These are a few key[br]points that I see. All this is possible
0:35:40.940,0:35:46.190
already today. If we could leverage the[br]advantage of open collaboration, we have a
0:35:46.190,0:35:52.160
proof. I have a proof that FOSS, open[br]hardware, open knowledge, open data
0:35:52.160,0:35:58.979
works, openness works. And I want to leave[br]you in a few moments with this list here
0:35:58.979,0:36:05.989
that I created. My demands for new open[br]digital deal for global collaboration.
0:36:05.989,0:36:11.440
It's not sorted in a specific order. There[br]are some thoughts. I think, like if people
0:36:11.440,0:36:16.349
are interested to contact me and work on[br]this, I'm happy to extend and define this
0:36:16.349,0:36:23.900
list. But here are a few points how we[br]could achieve in this new open digital
0:36:23.900,0:36:28.999
deal. So we could, for example, declare a[br]state of digital emergency. I think that's
0:36:28.999,0:36:35.700
what we should do. Digitalnotstand in[br]German, like it's so apparent, it's on
0:36:35.700,0:36:39.469
every corner and every school are these[br]problems, companies have these problems
0:36:39.469,0:36:46.349
it's just everywhere. And this demands a[br]state of digital emergency. We need a new
0:36:46.349,0:36:52.950
vision of openness everywhere. And of[br]course, we are a market society. But this
0:36:52.950,0:36:58.339
state like is active on so many layers and[br]so much money is handed out. Where is the
0:36:58.339,0:37:02.839
billion euro funded package to develop[br]freely licensed open technologies on all
0:37:02.839,0:37:09.160
layers by the European Union? We need this[br]now and participatory making just needs to
0:37:09.160,0:37:14.859
be everywhere, a makerspace in every[br]library and substantial tax benefits for
0:37:14.859,0:37:20.009
open source businesses associations as[br]well. It's not just businesses who improve
0:37:20.009,0:37:23.789
society, it's associations, there are[br]individuals. There are many different
0:37:23.789,0:37:28.739
forms how you can benefit society and[br]people around you. And for example I could
0:37:28.739,0:37:36.869
imagine in Germany, a Bundesstiftung Open[br]Source. And copyright should be defined as
0:37:36.869,0:37:42.400
the right to copy, not is like right now,[br]it's the other way around. It doesn't make
0:37:42.400,0:37:49.089
sense at all. Right? So, yeah, another[br]idea, priority for businesses,
0:37:49.089,0:37:53.450
associations and individuals that provide[br]benefits to society. I think I already
0:37:53.450,0:37:59.660
mentioned that. And all this will help us[br]with more resilience and the digital
0:37:59.660,0:38:05.359
sovereignity. So we are not dependent on,[br]like, for example, China or like companies
0:38:05.359,0:38:13.289
in the US. We don't know what they are[br]doing. And we already experienced like
0:38:13.289,0:38:19.019
what happened, for example, the last few[br]years with Donald Trump. And yeah. So
0:38:19.019,0:38:22.680
definitely we need to stop the[br]colonization of Europe and the rest of the
0:38:22.680,0:38:28.809
world by monopolistic platforms. I think[br]you can imagine which platforms there are.
0:38:28.809,0:38:32.940
And it's even very difficult to get out of[br]these platforms. And unbelievably, they're
0:38:32.940,0:38:39.459
hardly paying any taxes here in Europe. So[br]there are gatekeepers everywhere. Privacy
0:38:39.459,0:38:46.099
is a human right. And I will leave you[br]here with this list that you can also
0:38:46.099,0:38:51.990
review. Afterwards, there's not so much[br]time left. But I think you understand in
0:38:51.990,0:38:59.750
which direction we need to head. And I[br]demand that we do this right now. So this
0:38:59.750,0:39:04.969
is my end slide and I'm open for a few[br]questions. And I hope I can follow up with
0:39:04.969,0:39:10.450
more of you. And there's a fossasia summit[br]happening in March. We'll do it entirely
0:39:10.450,0:39:14.219
online. And I would be happy to connect[br]with you guys and with all our friends
0:39:14.219,0:39:19.819
again there. So thank you very much for[br]this talk. And moving back to the demands,
0:39:19.819,0:39:26.079
I want to leave this as the final slide.[br]We need openness on all layers, and I'm
0:39:26.079,0:39:30.820
really fed up after twenty years. I have[br]this experience, but I don't see that we
0:39:30.820,0:39:36.300
really, you know, like it must be on all[br]layers of society. We can't wait anymore.
0:39:36.300,0:39:41.539
The climate change, pandemic. And maybe[br]it's not the last pandemic. We don't know.
0:39:41.539,0:39:46.630
All these things are happening and I think[br]we need to change this now. So thank you
0:39:46.630,0:39:52.779
very much for giving me the opportunity[br]here for this talk. And I don't know, do
0:39:52.779,0:39:55.640
we still have time for question?
0:39:55.640,0:40:02.280
Herald Angel: Well, we are a bit over time[br]already, but I think I have three
0:40:02.280,0:40:06.380
questions right here. And I think I'm just[br]going to ask them. We still have some time
0:40:06.380,0:40:11.369
before the next talk. So are you still[br]active in the open Internet scene, or
0:40:11.369,0:40:15.579
like Freifunk or like the thing you showed[br]at the beginning?
0:40:15.579,0:40:24.199
Mario: Yeah, I think right now I'm not[br]like involved in the Freifunk community,
0:40:24.199,0:40:30.859
but like, of course, like we all use it. I[br]mean, you know, so it depends, define
0:40:30.859,0:40:38.559
active, right? So definitely I'm[br]supportive of the network community. And I
0:40:38.559,0:40:43.579
think, like, it's on a lot of different[br]layers. And I try to do my part to bring
0:40:43.579,0:40:48.730
things forward. I think at the moment, my[br]main focus personally is on open hardware,
0:40:48.730,0:40:52.869
for example, the pocket science lab. And[br]I'm also trying to support people who want
0:40:52.869,0:41:01.180
to run events with free and open source[br]software only. We even see a lot of events
0:41:01.180,0:41:06.640
that, you know, like free and open source[br]operating systems, but they use closed
0:41:06.640,0:41:12.779
source platforms. I want to help[br]everyone to move to an open layer. And I
0:41:12.779,0:41:15.229
think the wireless mesh community,[br]Freifunk and so on, they have been very
0:41:15.229,0:41:23.029
successful already. But in my view, we[br]need companies, yeah? Because like we are
0:41:23.029,0:41:30.500
in a capitalistic society. So if we try[br]to, you know, to do too many things at
0:41:30.500,0:41:37.199
once, yeah? Yeah, it's difficult. It's[br]very difficult. So I'm focusing on more
0:41:37.199,0:41:45.140
narrow things personally, but as I show[br]here in the demands, I think we can have a
0:41:45.140,0:41:54.319
much wider achievement, if we do this on[br]different layers, if we for example, if we
0:41:54.319,0:41:59.529
force the government to go into the[br]copyleft instead of the closed strict
0:41:59.529,0:42:06.859
copyright, you know. We need to[br]change the policies and like an
0:42:06.859,0:42:12.329
association by itself doesn't have the[br]same resources as, for example, an entire
0:42:12.329,0:42:18.739
state, and we need this open and free and[br]open systems must become mainstream.
0:42:18.739,0:42:21.799
Herald Angel: Okay jumping back again into[br]the open infrastructure like
0:42:21.799,0:42:27.140
infrastructure for everyone. What are your[br]thoughts on Starlink or if there could be
0:42:27.140,0:42:36.469
a way to make this kind of Starlink open[br]source open hardware style? Starlink is...
0:42:36.469,0:42:41.599
Mario: I didn't get enough startling? What[br]is it?
0:42:41.599,0:42:47.109
Herald angel: Starlink is, I think from[br]Elon Musk, a company trying to get
0:42:47.109,0:42:51.699
internet into all the remotest places via[br]a satellite mesh network.
0:42:51.699,0:43:00.039
Mario: Sorry, Starlink. Absolutely. So[br]this is a very good initiative. And of
0:43:00.039,0:43:04.849
course, Elon Musk, even though I thought[br]many times that he is a supporter of free
0:43:04.849,0:43:10.900
and open source, he's just one figure and[br]he depends on venture capital. And it's
0:43:10.900,0:43:14.440
not like that he has all the money and[br]does it. He has a lot of partners there,
0:43:14.440,0:43:18.390
venture capital, and there are limits to[br]venture capital. They want to make money.
0:43:18.390,0:43:25.519
Their main priority is to make money, while[br]my main priority is like to do good for
0:43:25.519,0:43:30.660
society. So I'm definitely happy to earn[br]money to have like a nice glass of wine
0:43:30.660,0:43:37.400
and so on. But right there, there are[br]limits to this. So I want society to
0:43:37.400,0:43:43.390
benefit as a whole. And if we could have[br]Starlink, for example, to run entirely
0:43:43.390,0:43:48.559
with open source and like follow an open[br]approach, and I would be very happy. Definitely.
0:43:48.559,0:43:51.759
Herald Angel: Last question, [br]we are a bit short on time
0:43:51.759,0:43:56.709
now. Are you more in the organization part[br]of fossasia or are you more focused on
0:43:56.709,0:44:09.500
single projects?[br]Mario: OK, so I think it is, it is both,
0:44:09.500,0:44:14.619
yeah, and like honestly, like fossasia, it[br]sometimes seems like a huge organization
0:44:14.619,0:44:18.089
that people say, oh, so many people[br]subscribe and this and that. And we do
0:44:18.089,0:44:22.109
events and people ask, how can we also[br]become like that and so on. Actually, we
0:44:22.109,0:44:26.519
don't do this to become a huge[br]organization. Of course, like we invite
0:44:26.519,0:44:32.199
everyone to star repositories, to invite us,[br]to come to events and so on. But it's not
0:44:32.199,0:44:36.960
like for the benefit of like having a lot[br]of stars or something or having a lot of
0:44:36.960,0:44:40.559
members. Our goal is to bring people[br]together and also to like I think it's
0:44:40.559,0:44:44.559
much better if they write on their GitHub[br]profile: I'm a member of a FOSS
0:44:44.559,0:44:51.099
community, then if they say I'm a[br]Microsoft university student or something
0:44:51.099,0:44:58.249
like that. So a lot of the things that we[br]do somehow scale because of this community
0:44:58.249,0:45:03.890
effort and one person tells the other. So[br]even though it might sometimes look big,
0:45:03.890,0:45:10.109
we are actually relatively small, I have[br]to admit, and I try to support on every
0:45:10.109,0:45:16.309
different layer. So my personal focus[br]changes over time. So right now, I have a
0:45:16.309,0:45:21.949
strong focus on enabling people to do[br]online events. And I believe that in many
0:45:21.949,0:45:29.359
parts of the world the virus situation[br]will continue the way it is now,
0:45:29.359,0:45:33.359
unfortunately. And so we need a solution[br]to connect to these people and we should
0:45:33.359,0:45:35.470
do this with free and open source.[br]Herald Angel: Alright I think thats a nice
0:45:35.470,0:45:38.920
way to conclude this talk. No more[br]questions came in, as for now. So I'm just
0:45:38.920,0:45:42.641
going to say from our side, this talk is[br]over. I will give the word back to you for
0:45:42.641,0:45:50.979
a few last words and then all the viewers[br]can go watch another great talk or go
0:45:50.979,0:45:55.900
around in rC3 world.[br]Mario: So I only would like to say thank
0:45:55.900,0:46:01.180
you very much to the team, it has been an[br]absolute pleasure and how you helped to
0:46:01.180,0:46:06.269
make everything happen. And it's really[br]nice to connect with you guys. And I feel
0:46:06.269,0:46:12.119
like I'm really like at the CCC myself, so[br]and I follow everything. So I appreciate
0:46:12.119,0:46:18.239
all your efforts and what you are doing.[br]So keep it up and everyone out there and
0:46:18.239,0:46:23.329
let's get on board and let's add more[br]demands to my demands and let's make them
0:46:23.329,0:46:28.000
happen and bring them to[br]politics and so on. Unfortunately, the
0:46:28.000,0:46:34.209
Pirate Party is not like, didn't progress[br]in the way we would have all loved to do
0:46:34.209,0:46:40.690
it. But hopefully we can achieve this in[br]other ways. So please let us join efforts
0:46:40.690,0:46:47.089
and make all this happen. And new open[br]digital deal for global collaboration. So
0:46:47.089,0:46:50.940
thank you very much.
0:46:50.940,0:46:55.779
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0:46:55.779,0:47:04.079
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