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A student walked into my office one day

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and said he'd like to talk to me
about an undergraduate research project

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and I said, "Sure, 
what are you thinking about?"

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And he said, "Well, there's been so much
research done on bottlenose dolphins

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that we now know they meet
the universal definition of persons."

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And I said, "Keep talking."

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And I didn't even realize
until that moment,

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that I had never thought of persons
as anything but humans,

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just like, you know, interchangeably.

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The implications though,
if dolphins are persons,

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is that they have moral standing,
and what that means,

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from an environmental policy 
and management perspective,

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is that we wouldn't be managing
populations of dolphins,

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they would actually,
individually have rights.

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In that project we looked at which rights,
in the Bill of Rights,

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and in the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights,

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would be extended to dolphins.

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Or we would actually, really, recognize 
that they already have those rights.

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And I'm not going to talk
about that project tonight specifically.

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What is a person now?

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Philosophers have 
lots of ideas about this,

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there's rough consensus, discussed
by Thomas White in his book,

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'In Defense of Dolphins',

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around eight criteria.

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A person is alive, aware,


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feels positive and negative sensations,
and has emotions.

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A person also has a sense of self,
controls its own behavior,

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recognizes other persons
and treats them appropriately,

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and has a variety of sophisticated
cognitive abilities:

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problem-solving, abstract thought, etc.

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I'm not going to make the case
that dolphins are persons tonight.

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I'm just going to tell you some stories.

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Also because
many definitions of personhood

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have a big weakness, that has to do
with verbal communication,

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which I think is kind of funny,

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because the language spoken
by more organisms

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than any other language on Earth,

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is actually bioluminescence.

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So our use of language 
and communication are pretty limited.

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Several years ago there was a man,
he was at an aquarium,

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and he was looking through the window

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at this baby dolphin
on the other side of the glass.

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And he was smoking a cigarette,

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because it was several years ago.

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He took a drag off his cigarette,
and he blew it toward the baby dolphin,

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and it spread out on the glass.

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And the baby dolphin
swam away to its mother,

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and got a mouthful milk,
and swam back and faced him,

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and squirted the milk out,
yeah, yeah.

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Where is that in the list?

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So, abstract thought,
material substitution ability?

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Pretty impressive.

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Another story,

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there's a diver, who's diving 
down at about 60 feet.

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He was on the bottom doing something,

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and three dolphins swam up to him:

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two adults and a baby in between them.

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And they swam right up to him

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was wrapped around its fin
and was cutting into it.

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and the adults held the baby down
on the bottom in front of him.

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And the baby dolphin had a hook
in front of its tail, and the fishing line

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So they held this dolphin down
in front of this human.

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And the guy took out his knife
and he cut the lines

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and unwrapped the fishing line.

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And he tried to pull the hook out

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but it was too embedded
for him to pull out,

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and the dolphins were still
holding that thing.

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And so he cut it out
with his knife,

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which, without question,
was quite painful for the baby dolphin.

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But he got it all cleaned up.

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So one adult and the baby swam off,

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and the other adult 
swam right up to his mask,

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and put his snout
right into his face,

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which is normally aggression,

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but he said it was clearly
not an aggressive move at all.

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And that dolphin --

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they just they just looked
into each other's eyes

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for a long time, and then 
the dolphin swam away.

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Dolphins see with their eyes,

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but they really experience the world
through sonar.

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So if a dolphin
is in front of us underwater,

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it would be able to see and tell
all the differences in density,

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so it would be able to see
all of our organs, individually.

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They can tell differences in thickness
down to a millimeter,

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or probably less.

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That's as far as we can figure out
what they can tell.

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It would see our blood flowing,

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it would see all kinds of activity.

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Dolphins can tell
when humans are pregnant,

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because it's like, "Yep, that's in there.

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I know what that's about, you know."

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There's actually a case where a dolphin
indicated a woman was pregnant

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before she knew she was pregnant.

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But they see with sonar,
which raises lots of questions.

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And I'm sure that dolphin was doing
all kinds of sonar stuff with the human

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but we don't have
sensory equipment for that.

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Can they lie?

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When humans lie, our palms sweat,
our heart rate changes, and things.

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Dolphins could see all of that happening,

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and they can see it happening
in each other.

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So unless they could lie
with no physiological change,

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it might be that they can't,
or don't lie.

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Or maybe they do,
but it's interesting to think

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what would a society be like,

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if lying weren't possible,
and had never been possible?

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Wow!

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I don't think we'd actually have
the climate crisis,

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and a lot of other things.

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A woman researcher,

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she swam with dolphins a lot,
worked with them.

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There was a storm,
her boat turned over,

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there was a plastic bag
with a bunch of tools in it,

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that fell down to the bottom
and was lost.

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After the storm, she's down at the beach,

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she's going out for a swim,
there's a dolphin there waiting,

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as was often the case,
to go swimming with her,

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and the dolphin takes her out to a spot,
and dives down,

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and brings up her toolkit in its mouth.

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And hands it too her. 
You know? No! (Laughter).

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So she takes the toolkit,
and then the dolphin swam away.

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I mean, that was its purpose,

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like, "I'm going to get your stuff,
come on, let's go."

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(Laughter)

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They are also artists.

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Dolphins blow bubble rings.

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I couldn't find a non copyrighted picture.

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But go online and search
on that, dolphins' bubble rings.

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So they blow rings,
they look like doughnuts,

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and they can change them
into all kinds of shapes,

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they like to swim through them
and be creative

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and do multiple bubble rings.

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And they also express frustration,

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If the bubble rings
aren't doing what they want,

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and they slap them with their tails,
and, you know,

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exhibit feelings,
like it seems that they're frustrated.

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Maybe not.

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Dolphin brains are very different
from our brains,

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they are larger,
and what makes them larger

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is that they have more brain material

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in the area of the brain
that is devoted to higher functions.

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Dolphins also have more grey matter
than humans,

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and their grey matter has more folds in it
than humans' grey matter.

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At first, when I heard about this,
I thought,

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"You know,
other things would be persons too,

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like elephants, dogs,
and this and that."

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But then, after these details, I thought,

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"Oh, actually, dolphins have the second
most complex brain on the planet,

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and there's no close third."

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Their brains are way more complex
than great apes,

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they're much closer to us

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in a lot of different ways
of measuring intelligence and things.

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They also have the emotional centers
of their brains more integrated

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with their motor and sensory perception,

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and also their higher functioning parts
of their brains

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where we would be doing reasoning.

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So, as opposed to us,

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where our emotional center
is more isolated,

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in dolphins it's pretty integrated,
they are touching along a lot of surface.

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So it might be possible

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that dolphins can't be out of touch
with their emotions.

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And they clearly have emotions,

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and they clearly grieve,

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and they clearly experience joy,

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or whatever they call it, joy.

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So my student said to me,

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"By dolphin standards,

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humans might be autistic."

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(Laughter)

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I know, it's kind of funny,

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but this is very meaningful too,

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because he grew up
with an autistic brother,

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so he knew what he was talking about.

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He was like, "We're probably autistic,"


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and I said, "Oh my gosh,
we're autistic compared to dogs,

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we're autistic compared to,
you know, you've got a long list."

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There are all kinds of cetaceans,


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and it's not just dolphins,
that we find amazing relationships.

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There was a humpback whale,
so 40-50 feet long, a humpback whale.

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Up the coast of San Francisco,
in 2005,

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this was the very first successful time

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we ever unwrapped a humpback whale
that was trapped in all kinds of ropes.

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And it had crab pot ropes all over,
it had twenty of them.

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They are about 240 feet long,
they have weights every 60 feet,

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and several of them
had 90-pound crab pots still on them.

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And there was one wrapped
multiple times around its tail,

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there was one in its mouth, all over it.

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It was in very bad shape,
and a call went in,

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some highly experienced divers 
went out, and risked their lives,

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because one swish of a humpback's tail
could easily kill a diver.

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The whale stayed still,

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it had little trouble staying up
because of the weights connected to it,

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while they carefully, with curved knives,

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because the ropes were cutting
into its blubber,

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with curved knives they cut
all of the ropes away.

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And the whale,

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when it realized it was free,

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it swam all over the place, and they said
it looked like it was frolicking,

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and then they had this vibration
going on in the water, the whole time,

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that they could feel.

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Then the humpback whale,
this is a 50 ton animal,

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went up to every single diver,
individually, and nuzzled them,

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and then swam away.

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So we're in this intimate
relationship with them,

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of course we already live together,

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but we're being like 
really bad roommates.

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We're being like roommates that

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threw all of our garbage
in our roommates' bedroom,

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and we ate all their food,

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and their parents came over
and we killed them,

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and then we ate them!

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(Laughter)

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And this is the truth.

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And then we figure out,

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"Wow, oh my gosh, this roommates
are actually really cool,

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00:10:57,781 --> 00:11:00,421
wonderful individuals,
I'd like to get to know them.

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00:11:00,441 --> 00:11:02,881
I've been treating them so badly,
this is terrible."

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So we have a great opportunity

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to expand our relationships,
which is wonderful.

219
00:11:10,151 --> 00:11:12,271
What's not wonderful is that

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scientists predict
that we're going to lose

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most of the dolphins to extinction,
forever, by 2100.

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And that is not acceptable to me.

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Can I get a witness?

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00:11:30,819 --> 00:11:33,559
(Applause)

225
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Yeah, that is not acceptable.

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The extinction crisis,

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the numbers we're on track for,
right now, for all life on Earth,

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is somewhere between 25 and 50%
becoming extinct by 2100.

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Somewhere between 25 and 50%
becoming extinct by 2100.

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Usually this is where people
want to turn off their minds,

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like, "That hurt,
maybe I didn't hear that right",

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or it bounces off
because it's such a high number.

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But we have to look at this,
even though it hurts.

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I think a bit like,
if I went into an emergency room,

235
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or somebody goes into an emergency room
and they're hurt, badly,

236
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and the doctors are like,
'Wow! I don't want to look at that,

237
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oh man, that's gonna be bad!

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00:12:08,625 --> 00:12:10,385
When do I get off?"

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00:12:10,854 --> 00:12:13,794
You know we've got to go,
"Okay, what's the situation?

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And how are we going to handle it?"

241
00:12:15,654 --> 00:12:16,974
Yeah! Yeah! Yeah!

242
00:12:19,197 --> 00:12:21,387
So, the cool thing
about the extinction crisis,

243
00:12:21,447 --> 00:12:24,327
is that we all go, or nobody goes.

244
00:12:26,597 --> 00:12:32,677
We can't save dolphins without saving
millions of other species in the process.

245
00:12:32,925 --> 00:12:34,205
Which is fantastic.

246
00:12:35,424 --> 00:12:37,234
So we all go, or nobody goes.

247
00:12:38,083 --> 00:12:39,723
The challenge right now,

248
00:12:39,997 --> 00:12:42,187
like the late Thomas Perry said,

249
00:12:42,187 --> 00:12:44,777
"What we have to do is the great work."

250
00:12:46,571 --> 00:12:49,841
I say, "What we have to do
is restore World Garden.

251
00:12:50,003 --> 00:12:51,003
That's what I call it.

252
00:12:51,003 --> 00:12:52,893
We have to restore world garden.

253
00:12:52,893 --> 00:12:55,593
(Applause)

254
00:12:55,593 --> 00:12:58,243
Yeah!

255
00:12:59,788 --> 00:13:01,458
And it's a big get to.

256
00:13:01,458 --> 00:13:04,878
So, what I want to talk about are --

257
00:13:05,977 --> 00:13:08,807
all my degrees are 
Environmental Sciences degrees.

258
00:13:08,807 --> 00:13:10,817
I was actually a tree hugger as a child,

259
00:13:10,817 --> 00:13:12,917
I didn't even know
there was a term for that,

260
00:13:12,917 --> 00:13:14,777
and I was hugging trees as a child.

261
00:13:14,777 --> 00:13:16,007
Really!

262
00:13:17,327 --> 00:13:20,017
I was eating dirt, too.

263
00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:28,400
So I'm going to give you four big ideas,
that are things that we need to do

264
00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:32,440
if we're going to restore World Garden.

265
00:13:32,440 --> 00:13:37,470
The first one is the hardest,
but it's not optional.

266
00:13:38,908 --> 00:13:40,408
And that's not it.

267
00:13:41,089 --> 00:13:43,279
Am I pushing the wrong button?

268
00:13:43,279 --> 00:13:44,519
Oh, there it is.

269
00:13:44,519 --> 00:13:46,359
Uh, you cannot even tell what that is.

270
00:13:46,359 --> 00:13:48,159
That is a really bad image of a plan

271
00:13:48,159 --> 00:13:51,399
from the Fish and Wildlife folks
up in Vermont,

272
00:13:51,399 --> 00:13:55,079
but what we need to do
is reconnect our habitats.

273
00:13:55,079 --> 00:13:58,539
We have fragmented our habitats,
and that's one of the major reasons

274
00:13:58,539 --> 00:14:00,559
for the extinction crisis.

275
00:14:00,559 --> 00:14:04,279
So, what we've created on terrestrial 
Earth, is a bunch of islands,

276
00:14:04,279 --> 00:14:05,919
they are isolated.

277
00:14:05,919 --> 00:14:08,809
So, if you imagine a Persian carpet,
a large Persian carpet,

278
00:14:08,809 --> 00:14:11,779
and it's got a beautiful,
complex design on it,

279
00:14:11,779 --> 00:14:13,569
and every part of that carpet

280
00:14:13,569 --> 00:14:15,889
is connected to every other part
of that carpet

281
00:14:15,889 --> 00:14:19,109
through the warp and the weft,
in a series of complex relationships,

282
00:14:19,109 --> 00:14:21,579
it's a good metaphor for an ecosystem.

283
00:14:21,579 --> 00:14:22,969
So we cut that up,

284
00:14:22,969 --> 00:14:24,939
paved over some of it,
burned some of it

285
00:14:24,939 --> 00:14:27,249
thrown it away, whatever,
planted rice on it,

286
00:14:27,249 --> 00:14:29,679
and there are pieces left,
but they're isolated,

287
00:14:29,679 --> 00:14:34,439
and each one is not as incredible
as the entire Persian carpet,

288
00:14:34,990 --> 00:14:38,170
and each one is commencing 
to fall apart.

289
00:14:39,683 --> 00:14:41,473
So we need to restore them,

290
00:14:41,473 --> 00:14:43,993
and have protected areas
with corridors in between.

291
00:14:43,993 --> 00:14:45,283
This is difficult,

292
00:14:45,283 --> 00:14:47,713
we run into the Fifth Amendment,
on property rights,

293
00:14:47,713 --> 00:14:51,243
and all kinds of other things,
but it's actually not optional.

294
00:14:51,641 --> 00:14:54,261
If we want to be stewards
of the future of life

295
00:14:54,261 --> 00:14:56,591
and maintain habitability on this Planet,

296
00:14:56,633 --> 00:14:58,833
this is not optional,
so we might as well say,

297
00:14:58,833 --> 00:15:00,193
"Yeah, we get to do it."

298
00:15:00,193 --> 00:15:03,103
The fact that it's not optional
makes the fact that it's hard

299
00:15:03,103 --> 00:15:04,993
pretty much irrelevant.
(Laughter)

300
00:15:04,993 --> 00:15:06,853
As far as I'm concerned.

301
00:15:06,853 --> 00:15:10,373
(Applause)

302
00:15:12,481 --> 00:15:16,111
And just like Drew said,
most of the things worth having,

303
00:15:16,141 --> 00:15:19,451
or most of the accomplishments
worth achieving, are hard.

304
00:15:19,561 --> 00:15:20,891
So this is fantastic,

305
00:15:20,891 --> 00:15:23,051
restore World Garden on this one.

306
00:15:23,364 --> 00:15:27,884
Another tremendous opportunity,
is microalgae.

307
00:15:27,994 --> 00:15:31,994
We already have
a sustainable fuel available,

308
00:15:32,465 --> 00:15:35,145
and I've been preaching
about microalgae for years,

309
00:15:35,145 --> 00:15:37,185
and I'm going to preach about it tonight!

310
00:15:37,185 --> 00:15:42,145
And you'll know why, and you walk out
with microalgae forever in your soul.

311
00:15:42,514 --> 00:15:44,254
I'm going to save you.

312
00:15:44,254 --> 00:15:47,074
Alright, I'm going to heal you.

313
00:15:48,298 --> 00:15:51,358
Some species of microalgae 
are very fatty.

314
00:15:51,358 --> 00:15:54,128
They are 70% or more lipid by weight.

315
00:15:54,128 --> 00:15:55,698
We can grow them,

316
00:15:56,138 --> 00:15:58,638
we don't do this in the ocean,
and squeeze the ocean,

317
00:15:58,638 --> 00:16:01,428
we grow them in an isolated place.

318
00:16:01,428 --> 00:16:04,888
So we grow them,
and we can press the oil out of them,

319
00:16:04,888 --> 00:16:07,548
and then we can use that oil 
for lots of industries.

320
00:16:07,548 --> 00:16:10,638
You can just burn straight in,
or we convert it to biodiesel,

321
00:16:10,638 --> 00:16:12,418
or whatever we want.

322
00:16:12,418 --> 00:16:14,688
The incredible thing
about microalgae is this.

323
00:16:15,941 --> 00:16:21,141
The best crop we have right now,
for producing oil, is oil palm.

324
00:16:21,763 --> 00:16:26,773
With oil palm we can produce, maybe,
650 gallons per acre per year,

325
00:16:26,773 --> 00:16:29,713
maybe a couple more hundreds 
than that.

326
00:16:29,713 --> 00:16:31,003
But that's it.

327
00:16:31,003 --> 00:16:32,233
In North Carolina,

328
00:16:32,233 --> 00:16:34,623
most promising for us 
would be rapeseed,

329
00:16:34,623 --> 00:16:37,373
which may be 47 gallons 
per acre per year.

330
00:16:37,373 --> 00:16:39,073
With microalgae, by 1999,

331
00:16:39,073 --> 00:16:41,973
the US government 
had already demonstrated

332
00:16:41,973 --> 00:16:45,573
5 to 10 thousand gallons
per acre per year.

333
00:16:47,137 --> 00:16:49,747
There's a company out there that,
a couple years ago,

334
00:16:49,747 --> 00:16:52,387
said they demonstrated
30,000 gallons per acre per year,

335
00:16:52,387 --> 00:16:55,437
and they knew they could do 100.

336
00:16:55,617 --> 00:16:58,357
So, if we do this sustainably,
there's no downside,

337
00:16:58,357 --> 00:17:02,367
and if you go online and you search
Green XPrize and microalgae,

338
00:17:02,427 --> 00:17:04,657
John Richard and I did a two-minute

339
00:17:04,657 --> 00:17:08,407
pitch for the Green XPrize competition,

340
00:17:08,407 --> 00:17:12,967
and you can kind of learn everything
you need to know to begin, in two minutes.

341
00:17:12,987 --> 00:17:16,127
So I encourage you, if you're interested.

342
00:17:18,020 --> 00:17:20,120
If we would burn our forest,

343
00:17:21,816 --> 00:17:22,996
it could save us.

344
00:17:22,996 --> 00:17:24,856
No.
(Laughter)

345
00:17:24,856 --> 00:17:27,816
This a power charcoal,
this is the power charcoal,

346
00:17:27,816 --> 00:17:30,236
this is biochar,
and biochar can save us.

347
00:17:30,236 --> 00:17:32,776
So, Drew was up here
talking about reducing emissions,

348
00:17:32,776 --> 00:17:34,946
and getting to 3.50,
we've got to get to 3.50.

349
00:17:35,286 --> 00:17:36,476
3.50 is the goal.

350
00:17:36,476 --> 00:17:40,476
So we have to turn around
and take a big step forward.

351
00:17:41,915 --> 00:17:44,395
Biochar is one of the ways to do this.

352
00:17:44,500 --> 00:17:46,840
Because, since we're above 3.50,

353
00:17:46,840 --> 00:17:49,110
we've got to start doing
sequestration today.

354
00:17:49,541 --> 00:17:53,701
Down in South America, there were soils
that anthropologists call Dark Earth,

355
00:17:53,701 --> 00:17:57,181
Terra Preta, and they didn't know
where these soils had come from,

356
00:17:57,181 --> 00:18:00,311
because they were round areas,
where there had been civilizations.

357
00:18:00,311 --> 00:18:03,601
They didn't know people lived there,
because the Dark Earth was there,

358
00:18:03,601 --> 00:18:05,091
because it produced a lot more,

359
00:18:05,091 --> 00:18:07,771
or if the people had somehow
made these soils this way,

360
00:18:07,771 --> 00:18:09,541
that they're highly productive.

361
00:18:09,541 --> 00:18:11,691
And we found out
that they made them that way,

362
00:18:11,691 --> 00:18:14,911
by making biochar,
and mixing it into the soil,

363
00:18:14,911 --> 00:18:18,631
because it radically improves
electron transport and some other things.

364
00:18:18,661 --> 00:18:20,771
So we've decimated our soils.

365
00:18:20,771 --> 00:18:22,741
This is a great win win, because

366
00:18:22,741 --> 00:18:25,311
we can rebuild our soils,
and this is a wonderful way

367
00:18:25,311 --> 00:18:27,061
to start doing that,

368
00:18:27,061 --> 00:18:28,121
and the carbon

369
00:18:28,121 --> 00:18:29,811
that gets in there
is sequestered.

370
00:18:29,811 --> 00:18:31,231
We have the data.

371
00:18:31,741 --> 00:18:33,591
People did it for us.

372
00:18:33,591 --> 00:18:36,911
The carbon stays for thousands of years,

373
00:18:36,911 --> 00:18:40,351
it doesn't just decompose
and return to the atmosphere.

374
00:18:41,501 --> 00:18:44,691
Because it's not decomposing,
it's just interacting with things,

375
00:18:44,691 --> 00:18:46,551
but it's not changing its form.

376
00:18:46,551 --> 00:18:48,961
So this is incredible,
biochar is fantastic,

377
00:18:48,961 --> 00:18:51,471
and a way to a sustainable future.

378
00:18:51,471 --> 00:18:57,161
And finally, there's just one special 
class of beings that need to have

379
00:18:57,711 --> 00:19:00,301
attention paid to them, specifically.

380
00:19:01,904 --> 00:19:04,174
And that is because
they are the birth of life.

381
00:19:05,204 --> 00:19:07,534
And they are the pollinators.

382
00:19:07,540 --> 00:19:10,680
A lot of people know that we're having
a colony collapse disorder

383
00:19:10,680 --> 00:19:13,500
with the European honeybees,
but what most people don't know

384
00:19:13,500 --> 00:19:16,130
is that for decades
our native pollinators,

385
00:19:16,130 --> 00:19:18,230
which are better
than the European honeybees,

386
00:19:18,230 --> 00:19:20,740
our native pollinators
have been crashing.

387
00:19:20,740 --> 00:19:23,220
Those populations have been crashing.

388
00:19:23,220 --> 00:19:27,220
It's primarily because of pesticide use
and a loss of habitat somewhat,

389
00:19:27,220 --> 00:19:29,080
but primarily pesticide use.

390
00:19:29,148 --> 00:19:34,298
So this is something that you and I can do
for sure in our lives,

391
00:19:34,381 --> 00:19:39,546
whether we plant a pollinator garden
-without pesticides- on our own property

392
00:19:39,546 --> 00:19:42,906
or encourage the city to do it,
or make sure other people are doing it;

393
00:19:42,906 --> 00:19:45,456
learn about what kind of plants
work for pollinators.

394
00:19:45,456 --> 00:19:47,016
When I was a little kid

395
00:19:47,016 --> 00:19:50,606
I've always had this connection
to bees and wasps, I don't know why.

396
00:19:50,606 --> 00:19:52,976
There's a bumblebee,
you can't see it very well,

397
00:19:52,976 --> 00:19:54,346
on my scarlet runner beans,

398
00:19:54,346 --> 00:19:57,066
which were covered with bees
all summer, I just loved it.

399
00:19:57,066 --> 00:19:59,876
When I was a little kid,
I used to carry bumble bees around.

400
00:19:59,876 --> 00:20:00,756
I never got stung.

401
00:20:00,756 --> 00:20:02,946
My mum would say,
"You're going to get stung,"

402
00:20:02,946 --> 00:20:04,376
and I'd say, "No. I'm not!"

403
00:20:04,376 --> 00:20:06,446
You know, I was just,
"Wow! these are neat!"

404
00:20:06,537 --> 00:20:09,297
They're more than neat,
they're the future of life,

405
00:20:09,297 --> 00:20:12,127
so they deserve
special stewardship attention,

406
00:20:12,183 --> 00:20:14,393
if we care about ourselves.

407
00:20:14,393 --> 00:20:16,433
It's for our own self-interest.

408
00:20:16,433 --> 00:20:18,843
All of this is for our own self-interest.

409
00:20:18,843 --> 00:20:21,303
So back to dolphins for a minute.

410
00:20:27,881 --> 00:20:30,511
Maybe dolphins 
are non-human persons,

411
00:20:30,511 --> 00:20:32,961
I don't know
if they are non-human persons.

412
00:20:33,806 --> 00:20:35,656
But what I do know,

413
00:20:36,526 --> 00:20:40,846
is that when we interact
with non-human beings,

414
00:20:41,837 --> 00:20:45,837
and instead of thinking of them as 'it',

415
00:20:45,837 --> 00:20:49,157
-- which means you don't interact 
with them, they are just 'its' --

416
00:20:49,177 --> 00:20:51,527
instead of being with them as an 'it',

417
00:20:51,527 --> 00:20:54,757
if we are with them as a 'you',
or as a 'thou',

418
00:20:55,787 --> 00:20:57,887
that increases our own humanness,

419
00:20:57,887 --> 00:21:00,347
and that makes our own life
far more meaningful.

420
00:21:01,247 --> 00:21:04,217
And I hope that you will walk out of here
with different eyes,

421
00:21:04,342 --> 00:21:07,702
and question the other species,

422
00:21:08,215 --> 00:21:10,195
as Native Americans would say,

423
00:21:10,925 --> 00:21:13,265
the two legged people,
the four legged people,

424
00:21:13,554 --> 00:21:15,562
the swimming people,
the flying people,

425
00:21:15,562 --> 00:21:16,992
the crawling people,

426
00:21:17,072 --> 00:21:19,382
I would add
the photosynthesizing people,

427
00:21:19,382 --> 00:21:21,312
(Laughter)

428
00:21:22,142 --> 00:21:23,942
and welcome them to the family,

429
00:21:23,942 --> 00:21:25,862
and let's restore World Garden!

430
00:21:25,862 --> 00:21:27,042
Thank you!

431
00:21:27,042 --> 00:21:33,902
(Applause)