1 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “Fantastic!” 2 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Theme Music 3 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This episode comes with a content warning for game footage involving 4 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 hypersexualized female characters and is not recommended for children. 5 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 As always, remember that it is both possible and even necessary 6 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to be critical of the media we enjoy. 7 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 That’s going to be especially important to keep in mind 8 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 given the video game franchise we are about to discuss… 9 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In 1987 Nintendo released a 2D action adventure game for their 10 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Nintendo Entertainment System which departed 11 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 from traditional video game conventions. 12 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Metroid starred a bounty hunter named Samus Aran 13 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 who is covered head to toe in the now iconic cybernetic “power suit”. 14 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The game’s manual referred to the protagonist with male pronouns 15 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and described his identity as “shrouded in mystery”. 16 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Metroid was notable as an early example of a game 17 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that employed multiple alternative endings which could be unlocked 18 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 based on the player’s gaming skill and performance. 19 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 If the player is able to complete the game in under five hours 20 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 a short cutscene will play featuring the protagonist without their armored helmet, 21 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 revealing that Samus Aran is, in fact, a woman. 22 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This was a significant moment in gaming history, 23 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 especially for many female gaming fans, because, at the time, 24 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 nearly all protagonists were just assumed to be male by default. 25 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Remember this was back before the internet, 26 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 when you couldn’t just hop online to find out about all the secrets and spoilers, 27 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 so for many players, the ending of Metroid came as a genuine surprise. 28 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Still, the subversion only worked provided players were skilled enough 29 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to achieve the surprise ending. 30 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In retrospect, Samus’ gender reveal perhaps should not have been as shocking as it was, 31 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 considering that Metroid is heavily influenced by the Alien films. 32 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Sadly the alternate endings did not stop there 33 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the two “best” endings make Metroid one of the first games 34 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to exploit the Women as Reward trope, 35 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 as both reveal Samus in various states of undress. 36 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The better a player does, the more clothing is removed. 37 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 If the player completes the game in under 3 hours Samus is shown without her armor 38 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and in a leotard. 39 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 If the player finishes in under 1 hour they are treated to Samus in a bikini. 40 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So yes, Samus wasn’t a damsel’ed woman waiting at the end of the game as a trophy 41 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 rather, her body itself became the prize awarded to players for a job well done. 42 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Later games in the Metroid series continued the convention of 43 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 rewarding players with endings featuring Samus in various states of undress. 44 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In one sense Samus Aran definitely did subvert traditional gender tropes 45 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of the 1980s by taking on the role of intrepid hero. 46 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 However she and her body were still presented to players as prizes to be won. 47 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The convention, of earning access to cutscenes or ending vignettes 48 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 with eroticized female bodies can be found in many titles over the past 30 years. 49 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “Apollo” 50 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “Whoa! Whoa!” 51 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 (Audience laughter) 52 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “Oh!” 53 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We can trace the roots of the Women as Reward trope all the way back 54 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to the beginnings of the medium itself. 55 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 As we discussed in our damsel in distress mini-series, 56 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 upon successful completion of many arcade games 57 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 players were rewarded with the related Smooch of Victory trope, so named 58 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 for the kiss the hero received as a reward for rescuing a kidnapped princess. 59 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Sometimes the prize is blatant as with the Standard Hero Reward 60 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 in which a king will give his daughter to the hero. 61 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 On other occasions, it’s taken a step further by employing the parallel 62 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Sex of Victory or Rescue Sex trope. Yes, it’s exactly what you think it is: 63 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 instead of a kiss, sex with the rescued victim is the player’s reward. 64 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “That was gonna get ugly. You saved us!” 65 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “My pleasure, ladies.” 66 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “Thank you, thank you. Thank you.” 67 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “You saved my life. A bit of joy as recumpence is not too much to ask.” 68 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “I’m intrigued. It’s been a tough day. I think some joy might do me good.” 69 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 (Moaning) 70 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We’ve coined the Women as Reward trope to describe a long-running pattern 71 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 found in interactive media. 72 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 It occurs when women or more often women’s bodies 73 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 are employed as rewards for player actions in video games. 74 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The trope frames female bodies as collectible, as tractable or as consumable 75 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and positions women as status symbols 76 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 designed to validate the masculinity of presumed straight male players. 77 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 There’s some overlap between the Damsel in Distress and Women as Reward 78 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but they function differently. 79 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 While the Damsel in Distress trope uses women 80 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 as a plot device to motivate male heroes, 81 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the Women as Reward trope presents women as a formalized reward mechanism, 82 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 meaning that the reward is coded into the game system itself. 83 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The result of this incentive structure is that access to women’s bodies, 84 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 women’s affection or women’s sexuality is reduced to a simple equation that guarantees 85 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 delivery as long as the correct set of inputs are entered into the system. 86 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In this way the Women as Reward trope helps foster a sense of entitlement 87 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 where players are encouraged to view women as something they’ve earned the right to 88 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 by virtue of their gaming actions, skills or accomplishments. 89 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This is illustrated in arcade classics like Joe and Mac 90 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 91 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 after players save the damsel in both games, 92 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 she will bestow a kiss on the character who earned the most points on that stage. 93 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “I owe you one.” 94 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Entitlement to women is made even more explicit in many versions of Double Dragon. 95 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 At the end of the game, after the final boss has been defeated 96 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and the damsel in distress saved, player one and player two must fight each other 97 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 over who “gets” to “have” Marian and with her, the smooch of victory. 98 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Notice that Marian’s desires are not part of the equation, she has no say in the matter 99 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 she simply fills the role of a trophy for whichever player is ultimately victorious. 100 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This scene serves as inspiration for similar scenarios 101 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 in more contemporary games like Castle Crashers. 102 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We’ve identified 6 primary ways the Women as Reward trope manifests in video games. 103 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Over the course of this episode we will examine each in turn. 104 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In addition to the “earned cinematics” we’ve already discussed, we will cover 105 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the trope as it relates to Easter Eggs, Unlockable Costumes, 106 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Experience Points, Collectibles, and Achievements. 107 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Easter Eggs are intentionally hidden secrets or jokes 108 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which developers conceal inside of their games. 109 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Like the eggs at a children’s easter egg hunt, 110 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 these secrets are usually difficult to find but are meant to be discovered as rewards 111 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 for particularly industrious gamers. 112 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Easter Eggs can be hidden messages, items, secret characters or random events, 113 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and their inclusion encourages experimentation with the game’s systems 114 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and mechanics in order to uncover these extra treasures. 115 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Some can be found inside game environments, 116 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 while others require a cheat code to unlock. 117 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 For example, if players input a specific button sequence while starting up 118 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the 1991 role-playing game Rings of Power the title screen would change. 119 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 By pressing down, right, A, B, C and the start button, players were rewarded 120 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 with an image of a topless woman next to the Naughty Dog logo. 121 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Easter eggs are, of course, not inherently problematic, 122 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and gaming history is filled with examples of neat secrets 123 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that designers have hidden away for players to discover. 124 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But too frequently, Easter eggs are used as another way 125 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to reward players with women’s bodies. 126 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Tony Hawk Pro Skater 4 included a secret unlockable character named Daisy, 127 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 who bore the likeness of porn star Jenna Jameson. 128 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Daisy’s sexualized appearance and skateboard tricks are designed as a reward 129 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 for those players who unlocked her. 130 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 One way to do that is by entering this code 131 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Probably one of the most famous Women as Reward easter eggs 132 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 brings us back to Samus Aran. 133 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The original Metroid used a password system to save progress. 134 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 By inputting the secret code “Justin Bailey” into this system, 135 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 gamers would unlock a powered-up playable version of Samus 136 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 wearing only her leotard-style bathing suit. 137 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Incidentally this is the same outfit we covered earlier as an end-game reward, 138 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 only here she has the powers of the Varia Suit and its associated color pallete swap 139 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which changes her hair color to green. 140 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Players can then play the entire game as Samus without her space armor. 141 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So she ends up exploring a hostile alien world 142 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and fighting off deadly monsters in her underwear. 143 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “Welcome to the Hovercon intergalactic hoverboard competition!” 144 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 There’s a bizarre easter egg in the original Ratchet & Clank: 145 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 If the player does a series of side-flips in front of a green-skinned alien, 146 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the woman’s breasts will suddenly begin to inflate. 147 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The more gymnastics stunts performed, the larger her boobs will become. 148 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 There are so many Women as Reward-style easter eggs in the Metal Gear Solid series 149 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that it would take several hours to go over them all. 150 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 First released for the PlayStation in 1998 and then remade for the GameCube in 2004, 151 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Metal Gear Solid featured not one but two separate easter eggs 152 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that allow players to see Meryl Silverburgh in her underwear. 153 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The second of these easter eggs requires players to follow Meryl into the ladies room 154 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and interrupt her while she is changing. If this is done quickly enough 155 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the next cutscene will play with Meryl in her underwear. 156 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “Anyway, how did you recognize me in disguise?” 157 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “I never forget a lady” 158 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Jumping ahead to the fourth game, 159 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the protagonist is assigned a psychologist for PTSD counseling. 160 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 During these remote sessions, if players shake their Playstation controller 161 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the psychologist’s breasts will bounce and jiggle in response. 162 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 “Memories began to resurface from his childhood," 163 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 "when he fought for Solidus in the Liberian Civil War.” 164 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Keep in mind that easter eggs are not accidents or glitches. 165 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 They are intentionally put into the game by the designers,and as a result, indicate 166 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the value that the designers themselves place on these female characters. 167 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 They communicate to players that yes, these women exist for players to exploit 168 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 or experiment with for their own amusement.