[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.66,0:00:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means our representatives \Ndo not have power
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.33,0:00:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those who have the power \Nof the european institution
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.60,0:00:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not elected
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.58,0:00:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is planned in part I.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.44,0:00:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems to me that this, \Ndeserved a debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.60,0:00:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact that there wasn’t led me to think\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.56,0:00:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the European institutions \Nare illegitimate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.14,0:00:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the points I want to \Ntalk to you about,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.60,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I know you will \Nnot hear about this otherwise
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.96,0:00:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I don’t talk about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.10,0:00:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is what I call : \N« laws without parliament ».
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.26,0:00:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It the point E in the middle of the page\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.96,0:00:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,« the ministers and presidents accumulate\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.04,0:00:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,executive and legislative powers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.64,0:00:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means they are legislators
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.60,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-the ministers – are at the same time\Nlegislators and executives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a serie of areas hidden from people,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.56,0:00:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can prove that it is\Nhidden from people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.90,0:00:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, the articles I will show you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.69,0:00:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will see how it is hard to realise
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.62,0:01:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these are topics on which
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.84,0:01:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the European MPS – people you elected-
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.10,0:01:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are left out in purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.32,0:01:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not clearly left out,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.56,0:01:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are left out in purpose
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.16,0:01:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would like to get \Nyour attention on this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.50,0:01:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I read this with you\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.60,0:01:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to make sure \NI don’t forget a thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.74,0:01:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So « the ministers and presidents
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.36,0:01:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accumulate powers on a serie of\Nareas hidden from people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.87,0:01:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the abusive name of \N– take note of the name –
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.36,0:01:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“specific legislative procedure”\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.20,0:01:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is the article 289 of TFUE.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.88,0:01:39.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is in the middle of page 4.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.96,0:01:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, there is the article 289\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.56,0:01:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, I have highlighted here,\NI have underlined the definition.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.40,0:01:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 1/ It’s the ordinary \Nlegislative procedure
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.08,0:01:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which consists in the adoption of \Na rule, a directive, a decision
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.26,0:01:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the European parliament \Ntogether with the council.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.80,0:01:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the ordinary procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.81,0:02:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not the parliament \Nwhich makes the laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.04,0:02:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not the people you vote for \Nwhich make the laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.64,0:02:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is : the people you vote for
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.20,0:02:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the council of the ministers, \Nas co-legislators,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.55,0:02:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means the ministers \Nwho decided to be co-legislators.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.38,0:02:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They decided to be co-legislators \Nbeside your MPs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.94,0:02:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And NEVER, really NEVER,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.26,0:02:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iin not one rule,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.64,0:02:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least I didn’t find any,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.39,0:02:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in no rule, in no area
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.96,0:02:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the parliament can’t write the laws alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.15,0:02:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having\Na sort of « tutor » behind him
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.58,0:02:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the council of the ministers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.42,0:02:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First thing… but it’s not all of it!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.28,0:02:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the parliament, you know that already-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.52,0:02:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We talked a lot about it in 2005,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.28,0:02:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the European parliament\Ndoes not have the initiative of laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.24,0:02:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means it is not it which decides.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.12,0:02:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It cannot decide on topics\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.76,0:02:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which it wants to legislate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.12,0:02:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means it can only vote
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.68,0:02:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for topics which are presented to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.52,0:02:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is VERY important,\Nabsolutely IMPORTANT!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.64,0:02:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one who has the initiative, \Nhas a big part of the power.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.52,0:02:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one who doesn't want a law
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.10,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who has the power of initiative, \Nwill not suggest this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this law he doesn’t want,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.39,0:03:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he will get rid of it that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.91,0:03:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is very important, the initiative!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.69,0:03:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a sovreign parliament,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.93,0:03:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a parliament worthy of the name,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.06,0:03:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is very important – \Nit would be very important -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.50,0:03:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have the initiative of laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.01,0:03:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know that, in France, \Nthe initiative is shared.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.56,0:03:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the laws in France, \Ncome from the Government
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.35,0:03:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is called the “projects of law”\N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.20,0:03:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether, when it comes from an MP,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.00,0:03:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is called a « proposition of law ».
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.92,0:03:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at least, the MPs have\Na little initiative.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.54,0:03:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the european institutions, \Nthey don’t have it AT ALL.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.86,0:03:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it is in the article 2 that we find
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.97,0:03:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the beginning to understand\Nwhat is this thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.22,0:03:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,« In the specific cases, \Nforeseen by the treaties
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.54,0:03:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The adoption of a rule, a directive,\Nor a decision
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.94,0:03:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it is the three possible levels
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.17,0:03:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the law in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.27,0:03:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the european parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.71,0:03:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the participation of the council,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.59,0:04:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by it, with the participation \Nof the parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.15,0:04:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that one of the two.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.74,0:04:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You understand they are 2 co-legislators
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.76,0:04:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the specific legislative procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.65,0:04:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say : following these articles
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.10,0:04:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes it will be the one \Nand not the other
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.44,0:04:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes it will be the other\Nand not the one.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.82,0:04:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sometimes, it will be the council of \Nthe ministers which decides
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.03,0:04:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only with the opinion of the Parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.92,0:04:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes it will be the parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.83,0:04:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with only the opinion of\Nthe council of the ministers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.38,0:04:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is what we’re told!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.53,0:04:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will be called : \N« the specific legislative procedures ».
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.64,0:04:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although, there is no, there is no list
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.96,0:04:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the topics on which it is \Nto the council to decide
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.80,0:04:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with only the parliament’s advise
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.80,0:04:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the advise… and even if he disagrees
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.57,0:04:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can be done without him
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.85,0:04:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is only an advise
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.24,0:04:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, the list of topics on which
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.84,0:04:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the parliament can decide
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.21,0:04:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only with \Nthe council of minister’s advise.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.46,0:04:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no list!\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.36,0:04:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wonder :
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.36,0:04:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,« Why is there no list ? »
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.18,0:04:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, we have to go and look for it..
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.17,0:04:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I, I did this job,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.17,0:04:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ae did this job, we searched
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.07,0:05:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a list of … well, you have to look \Ninto hundreds of articles
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.28,0:05:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes you find an article and\Nyou think
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.76,0:05:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here, I found a specific legislative \Nprocedure"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.37,0:05:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a specific legislative procedure
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.90,0:05:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the one I could find, they are ALL...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.32,0:05:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is areas on which\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.98,0:05:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ministers council can decide
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.56,0:05:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the opinion of the Parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.25,0:05:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I found no specific \Nlegislative procedure
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.42,0:05:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the parliament decides \Nwith the council’s advise
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.64,0:05:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, I will give you an example,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.20,0:05:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order for you to understand\Nhow this system works,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.12,0:05:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the topics,\Na kind of topic on which
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.79,0:05:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a specific legislative procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.75,0:05:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I gave you several.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.07,0:05:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see one just below:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.60,0:05:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the article 153 – here is an example –
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.46,0:05:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes, I put it between brackets,\Nin the middle of the page
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.31,0:05:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just beneath what I read to you
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.94,0:05:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside the brackets : it’s me who talks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.84,0:05:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an exemple of non legislative act,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.66,0:05:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see the security policy
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.67,0:06:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the box on the side,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.94,0:06:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the foreign affairs, it’s incredible.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.84,0:06:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything is happening \Nwithout the Parliament,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.13,0:06:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Parliament can’t say a thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.71,0:06:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But well, I’ll take another topic\Nwhich is more social
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.23,0:06:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which concerns us as employee
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.66,0:06:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to understand \Nthe specific legislative procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.42,0:06:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we should call instead,\Nlaws without parliament.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.98,0:06:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the name I give those\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.29,0:06:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is clearer,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.41,0:06:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be clearer
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.40,0:06:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as “laws without Parliament”.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.81,0:06:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to read one by one,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.10,0:06:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds of the treaty’s articles.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.78,0:06:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact of refusing to present a list\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.71,0:06:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these laws without Parliament is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.85,0:06:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in itself, suspect, \Nwhy hide this reserved areas?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.32,0:06:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here is an example of \Nan ordinary legislative procedure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.10,0:06:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of a specific legislative procedure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.07,0:06:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regarding social politic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.80,0:06:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas of codecisions \Nbetween parliament and ministers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.55,0:06:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are underligned in grey
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.75,0:06:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the areas where \Nthe executive legislate alone
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.53,0:06:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are underlined in black.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.40,0:06:53.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you see the article 153 TFUE\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.21,0:06:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means you have \Nalready read 152 articles.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.71,0:06:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\NYou are looking for\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.66,0:06:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the specific legislative procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.34,0:06:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you arrive to the article 153
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.92,0:07:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you find :\N“in order to realise the objectives
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.37,0:07:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indicated on article 151.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.99,0:07:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\NThe union supports and completes blabla
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.37,0:07:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the following areas
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.47,0:07:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there, for now, we don’t see,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.08,0:07:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don’t see yet why it is\Na law without parliament.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.58,0:07:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will see that in this other article,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.57,0:07:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you will realise
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.64,0:07:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you will see the serie of areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.37,0:07:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, you have:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.07,0:07:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a/ the improvement to the individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.94,0:07:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,b/ the work conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.99,0:07:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\Nso all the laws on social security\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.67,0:07:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the social protection of the workers\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.44,0:07:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the laws on the protection of worker
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.36,0:07:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in case of resignation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.48,0:07:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the laws on…\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.46,0:07:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have a list like this
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.100,0:07:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you see that the union supports\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.46,0:07:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and completes the States actions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.08,0:07:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but here you can’t see yet \Nthat it was – we can’t see that–
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.39,0:07:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a specific legislative procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.54,0:07:45.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, wait, at what moment can we see it…
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.67,0:07:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I keep going\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.82,0:07:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for this purpose, the Parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.79,0:07:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am at the end of this page 4\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.29,0:07:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2/ For this purpose, the parliament \Nand the council
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.42,0:07:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can adopt measures \Nwhich aim to encourage (a/)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.13,0:07:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\Nb/ can stop in the areas\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.99,0:08:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indicated in paragraph 1. a/ to i/
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.73,0:08:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by directive ways, minimal prescriptions\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.64,0:08:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applicable progressively
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.81,0:08:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking in consideration the conditions \Nof the technical rules
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.76,0:08:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,priorily existing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.59,0:08:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these directives avoid the obligation\Nof administrative restrictions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.78,0:08:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you see that in the areas
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.20,0:08:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-third paragraph of page 5-
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.50,0:08:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\NIn the areas aimed at by paragraph\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.29,0:08:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,.c, d, f and g of the present article
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.74,0:08:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The council can decide in accordance with
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.01,0:08:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a specific legislative procedure,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.22,0:08:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unanimously after consulting \Nthe European Parliament,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.80,0:08:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the said committees...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.37,0:08:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait! I don’t know if you see the clutter,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.82,0:08:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we have to – \Nand the constant concentration it needs-
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.86,0:08:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see that : “hey!”
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.06,0:08:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\N- and here I have underligned in black –
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.39,0:08:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are the areas indicated
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.31,0:08:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the paragraph blablabla
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.98,0:08:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we need to go backward \Nand find it highlighted in black,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.84,0:08:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the areas we are talking about,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.35,0:08:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these areas there,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.85,0:08:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the council decides… And this means \Nwithout the Parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.89,0:08:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here you have a legislative procedure
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.92,0:09:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the council decides on \Na simple advise of the Parliament.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.15,0:09:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, we have on points c/ d/ f/ and g/,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.64,0:09:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have laws without Parliament.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.89,0:09:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what are these point there?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.73,0:09:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe it’s unimportant points…
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.19,0:09:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe it’s points where \Nit is not really important
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.57,0:09:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our representatives discuss them
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.47,0:09:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are able to – publically – debate
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.31,0:09:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the discussions of\Nthe European union on the topic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.46,0:09:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are they topic that do not count ?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.53,0:09:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The social security,\Nthe social protection of the workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.26,0:09:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the protection of the workers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.65,0:09:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in case of termination\Nof the work contract.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.80,0:09:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why MPs have no decision power on this?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.13,0:09:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why ministers have to decide about that?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.43,0:09:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe I am wrong…
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.42,0:09:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I repeat, I am very « open » on this,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.08,0:09:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just say we didn’t get \Na debate on this topic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.82,0:09:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don’t manage to get a debate on this
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.74,0:09:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what I read, I find…
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.56,0:09:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don’t like it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.74,0:09:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don’t understand at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.02,0:09:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I try to put myself in their shoes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.86,0:09:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don’t understand why.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.79,0:09:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why have we put in place \Nspecific legislative procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.79,0:09:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the ministres,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.08,0:09:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s the MINISTERS who decide
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.85,0:10:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not my parliament.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.72,0:10:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Participant : Wait… Where do \Nthese ministers come from ?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.71,0:10:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are not elected, \Nhow did they become ministers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.67,0:10:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who took the decision \Nto put them as ministers?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.31,0:10:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Etienne : This depends on the governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.35,0:10:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It depends on the countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.79,0:10:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some countries they are taken,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.39,0:10:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in England, they are chosen \Namongst the MPs
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.78,0:10:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in France maybe…
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.94,0:10:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is he called the one who is candidate?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.42,0:10:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be people\Nwho have never been elected.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.65,0:10:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It depends, it depends on the countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.18,0:10:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it depends on the circumstances
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.76,0:10:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is not always elected people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.48,0:10:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is not people who are \Naccountable in front of a parliament.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.65,0:10:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Participant : In the specific topic \Nof social security
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.01,0:10:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will be minister of every country?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.91,0:10:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Etienne : Yes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.98,0:10:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Participant: one for each country ?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.70,0:10:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The decision will be taken unanimously?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.77,0:10:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Etienne: Yes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.66,0:10:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes it says unanimously here.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.16,0:10:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the minister's unanimity.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.53,0:10:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of every country ?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.42,0:10:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, that’s it, without Parliament !
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.19,0:10:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, with the advise of the parliaments.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.20,0:10:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,… "After consulting"...
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.86,0:11:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Participant : In France, the ministers \Nare not elected.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.77,0:11:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Etienne : Yes but wait, in France,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.59,0:11:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the laws are voted by the Parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.54,0:11:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you are right to highlight
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.19,0:11:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the worm was already in the fruit.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.24,0:11:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We already have laws \Nwithout Parliament in France.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.67,0:11:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes all the regulatory power:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.26,0:11:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decrees, orders, …
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.80,0:11:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is already a lot of rules\Nin the constitution
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.67,0:11:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 5th Republic.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.97,0:11:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would make Montesquieu\N
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.60,0:11:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spin in his grave !
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.03,0:11:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which are the most total confusion \Nof powers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.86,0:11:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact all the regressions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.76,0:11:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the last 20 years of labour law,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.05,0:11:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they happen very much \Nby the regulatory power,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.22,0:11:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means without the parliament.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.95,0:11:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the regulatory power
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.30,0:11:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is for me, an aberration.\NThe regulatory power...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.91,0:11:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There shouldn’t even be \Na regulatory power.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.45,0:11:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to find something \Nwhich allows to decide
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.70,0:11:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all details, the application of laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.80,0:11:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand this,\NI understand the purpose
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.87,0:11:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand the aim, the justification.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.44,0:12:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, in France, in law,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.19,0:12:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have the law which indicates\Nthe general rules
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.02,0:12:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the argument, \Nis that we cannot ask
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.44,0:12:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the parliament, \Nwhich is an assembly which discuss,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.06,0:12:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we cannot ask them to foresee \Nto all the little details,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.74,0:12:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the application of laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.99,0:12:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the official explanation\N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.28,0:12:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is a lie…
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.61,0:12:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it is all more serious
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.09,0:12:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we do with the rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.46,0:12:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the official explanation\Nof regulatory power,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.04,0:12:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the power that we give – \Nwhich should be only the executive –
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.21,0:12:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which makes it the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.93,0:12:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We give him a power\N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.41,0:12:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of production of mandatory standards,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.80,0:12:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with no limitation of time \Nand so serious and dangerous,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.89,0:12:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as dangerous as laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.00,0:12:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We give to the government \Na power so powerful
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.44,0:12:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Parliament, \Nwith much less guarantees
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.81,0:12:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the public discussion \Nthere is in the Parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.52,0:12:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the possibility to put up, to discuss
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.38,0:12:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the assembly
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.69,0:12:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a complete public debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.04,0:12:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it is the government which decides\N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.01,0:12:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throught the regulatory power,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.55,0:12:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is a lot more obscure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.90,0:13:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a lot less counter powers,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.64,0:13:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot less possible resistance.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.30,0:13:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is fertile ground\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.99,0:13:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to infinite power abuse
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.32,0:13:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the regulatory power
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.77,0:13:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I am not saying
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.70,0:13:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are going from the paradise \Nof French institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.62,0:13:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the hell of European institutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.66,0:13:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that there is already,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.36,0:13:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the situation is already \Nvery serious,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.61,0:13:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 5th republic institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.72,0:13:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very unknown, unknown.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.26,0:13:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I studied a lot of constitutional law\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.07,0:13:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when I read manuals of \Nconstitutional law,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.27,0:13:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don’t see this revolt\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.42,0:13:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against regulatory power for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.25,0:13:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The regulatory power \Nin the consitutional law
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.47,0:13:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is presented like :\N« Well, that’s how it is…,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.67,0:13:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s how it is, and \Nit is how it is since a while,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.20,0:13:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since 1958, and we get used to it…
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.90,0:13:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, there were reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.70,0:13:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here is what was invoked,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.00,0:13:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we switch to another topic
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.75,0:13:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a constitutional law’s manual
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.54,0:13:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very thick, \Nthere are a lot of things to read.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.27,0:13:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it is against the common good\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.62,0:13:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give to the government
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.86,0:13:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a regulatory power so powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.63,0:13:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remind you that in \Nthe institutions of 58,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.79,0:14:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s incredible! The power of the law,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.96,0:14:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the areas of the laws are listed,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.10,0:14:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a list of what the law can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.50,0:14:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if it is listed, it is limited\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.31,0:14:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the regulatory power, \Nit is all the rest.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.96,0:14:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One can clearly see
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.20,0:14:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is De Gaulle \Nwho wrote the rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.07,0:14:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Participant : Excuse me, \NI would like to ask a question,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.82,0:14:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps more subversive.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.23,0:14:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have a car breakdown,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.75,0:14:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don’t start voting
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.32,0:14:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to decide what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.70,0:14:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know an expert, a garage\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.01,0:14:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who fixes your car.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.76,0:14:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have the feeling that we await \Nfrom a constitution of laws
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.85,0:14:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.59,0:14:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to avoid people acting wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.74,0:14:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as 2000 years ago or more,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.16,0:14:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we believed in spirits or religion.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.81,0:14:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the end, you don’t believe that\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.60,0:14:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is the human behaviour the issue?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.92,0:14:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we need laws\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.72,0:14:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve humans problems?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.74,0:14:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s what I am asking…\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.27,0:14:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we really need representatives?\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.90,0:14:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Etienne : Ah, it is not the same!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.74,0:15:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Participant : I talk about laws, \Nrepresentatives, all that.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.62,0:15:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is an absolute mess \Nwhich hides completely
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.33,0:15:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our incompetence to manage problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.42,0:15:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Etienne : So I point out – \NI did not bring that book-
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.00,0:15:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I recommend it very warmly,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.60,0:15:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe I should think of taking it \Nwith me all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.59,0:15:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is, on the competency of people\N
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.83,0:15:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the competency of humans
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.31,0:15:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the alleged, perhaps real
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.94,0:15:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incompetency of the people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.29,0:15:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to decide about its own business.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.28,0:15:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a very interesting controversy\N
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.21,0:15:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the middle of the twentieth century,\Nbetween a guy
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.79,0:15:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was called Lippman,\Nwho was a journalist
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.84,0:15:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the international level, a big name
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.83,0:15:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a brilliant brain which discussed
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.69,0:15:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the greats of this world
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.30,0:15:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was a hardened liberal
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.98,0:15:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had a book called
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.25,0:15:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“The phantom public”,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.67,0:15:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been recently republished,\Nwhich is a wonder.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.53,0:15:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very smart, quite depressing,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.89,0:15:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which pretends we are not able,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.30,0:15:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that no one is able
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.26,0:16:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have an informed opinion on matters,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.87,0:16:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given the complexity of human problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.15,0:16:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it is important what he says\N
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.79,0:16:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he shows it
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.42,0:16:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it’s true that it is very well argued
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.81,0:16:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we feel, we feel that\Nhe is entirely right,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.49,0:16:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what said Lippman,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.14,0:16:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he didn’t only say that \Npeople are unable,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.28,0:16:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he said that the governers TOO are unable.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.39,0:16:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That no one, on his opinion\Nis able to have…
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.22,0:16:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To pretend taking the good decision\N
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.25,0:16:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the interpreters, \Nthe people who followed Lippman,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.19,0:16:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they forgot that Lippman had said
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.87,0:16:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that not only the people was unable
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.99,0:16:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the princes and governers.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.81,0:16:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Machiavel said that, Machiavel said also
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.89,0:16:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the people was \Nas virtuous as the princes,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.36,0:16:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the princes were not\Nmore virtuous than the people,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.32,0:16:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the princes were not at all
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.47,0:16:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more able to take decisions
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.81,0:16:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.94,0:16:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We find, in Machiavel,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.03,0:16:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much more than his caricature.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.59,0:16:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I recommend really to read Machiavel.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.02,0:16:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s a lot more interesting\N
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.33,0:17:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the caricature \Nwe make of him usually.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.45,0:17:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was also looking for the common good,\Nit is very surprising.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.80,0:17:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of course, there are features \Nspecific to the time
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.54,0:17:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which seem very brutal
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.14,0:17:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it’s much more nuanced
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.28,0:17:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the caricature often made.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.89,0:17:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, to come back to what you were saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.53,0:17:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so Lippmann has written this book
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.02,0:17:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“the phantom public”
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.00,0:17:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,defending the idea that we are not able,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.96,0:17:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it’s totally linked to my topic,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.71,0:17:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I open the bracket because it is \Ncompletely linked to this thinking on
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.08,0:17:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we organize a democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.40,0:17:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are we able to take decisions \Nby ourselves?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.52,0:17:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On our problems, on what concerns us.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.29,0:17:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Lippmann pretended that no\N
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.75,0:17:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he pretended that\Nour representatives couldn’t neither.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.32,0:17:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A great thinker who was called \NDewey (John)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.02,0:17:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was a mathematician, a logician
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.52,0:17:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who was a survey theorist
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.34,0:17:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has worked a lot on the improvement\Nof people competence
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.97,0:17:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the survey method,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.23,0:17:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little like Socrates led us to
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.86,0:18:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progress by the thinking about ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.96,0:18:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dewey was confident in the survey virtues\N
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.92,0:18:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a working method, \Nhe was a mathematician, a logician,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.74,0:18:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve our competency
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.66,0:18:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think…
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.79,0:18:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the controversy between Lippman \Nand Dewey is brilliant,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.40,0:18:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,absolutely exciting for us to understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.61,0:18:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,furthermore in a very \Ncomprensible language,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.94,0:18:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not complicated words,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.07,0:18:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these people there discuss about \Nthe greater good in concrete terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.43,0:18:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lippmann says : “ Humans are \Nnot able to take decisions”.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.04,0:18:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he tends ultimately
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.88,0:18:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to justify a tyranny,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.18,0:18:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an enlighted despot who will be better
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.43,0:18:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then Dewey says : \N“Not at all, if one has the means
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.03,0:18:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to institutionalize the conditions \Nof a real survey,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.20,0:18:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honest and complete,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.18,0:18:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will raise the level of people
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.81,0:18:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will allow for them to take
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.50,0:18:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not so bad decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.10,0:19:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition to this controversy,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.47,0:19:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with both these points of view,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.100,0:19:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to highlight that
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.46,0:19:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in drawn assemblies
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.36,0:19:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have hundreds of examples\Nof drawn assemblies,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.89,0:19:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the history of men,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.45,0:19:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the draw is not at all a newness,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.10,0:19:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we test the draw since a while,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.05,0:19:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will talk about \Nthe Athenian time later on
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.03,0:19:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but today in the modern time,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.71,0:19:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a lot of assemblies, \Ncitizen juries,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.48,0:19:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deliverative polls,..
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.76,0:19:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any kind of assemblies\N
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.49,0:19:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,composed of ordinary people
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.16,0:19:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to judge of technical topics
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.93,0:19:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,existed, and are an observation field.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.77,0:19:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An observatory which allows for knowing\N
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.00,0:19:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so there is a book \Nwhich makes the summary,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.24,0:19:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a modern anthology called
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.57,0:19:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,« The power to the people »\N
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.11,0:19:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Yves Sintomer.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.93,0:19:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This book here I recommend it to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.85,0:19:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a book which concerns the citizen\N
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.75,0:19:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is the history…
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.11,0:19:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, there is a good part
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.57,0:20:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how the Athenians \Nwere drawn in Athenes,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.50,0:20:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the procedure they were using.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.14,0:20:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because every morning they drew
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.67,0:20:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so he explains how it worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.27,0:20:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The draw every morning
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.34,0:20:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very interesting!\N
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.65,0:20:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The athenian example, you will see\N
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.28,0:20:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am enthusiastic about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.74,0:20:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Sintomer explains \Nin a part of his book,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.79,0:20:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little quarter, he explains very well \Nthe procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.90,0:20:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he also explains the experiences\N
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.83,0:20:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of citizen juries, of deliberative polls,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.70,0:20:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we study \Nthe competency of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.33,0:20:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we study the decisions they take
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.06,0:20:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the end we realise
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.86,0:20:33.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that far from being the incompetents \Nwe were promised,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.43,0:20:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far from being the drunken moron \Nwho understand nothing about nothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.86,0:20:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who take care only of \Ntheir personal interest,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.09,0:20:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of taking care… and who are unable\Nto take care of the general interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.85,0:20:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not AT ALL what we see,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.32,0:20:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we see when we put people together,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.27,0:20:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take care of, to talk \Nabout the greater good,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.67,0:20:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people CHANGE
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.48,0:20:51.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we give them … Care here…
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.97,0:20:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we give them the power\N
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.07,0:20:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of CHANGING things.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.99,0:20:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you take the piss …\N
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.25,0:20:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you laugh at them…\N
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.38,0:20:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,–no bad words-
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.27,0:21:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you laugh at them\N
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.38,0:21:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that you give them only\Nan advisory power
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.26,0:21:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means you let them work
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.78,0:21:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it’s other people who \Nwill decide,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.92,0:21:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for sure you will not get the effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.41,0:21:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't catch flies with vinegar.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.22,0:21:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will not get from them the investment,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.20,0:21:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the efforts, the personal implication
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.58,0:21:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will change them
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.16,0:21:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you didn’t trust them.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.38,0:21:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.84,0:21:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I often talk about it in my conferences\N
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.83,0:21:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is really \Nwhat makes me believe.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.10,0:21:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know because I experience it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.66,0:21:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That when I trust someone,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.77,0:21:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he changes! In a good way
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.65,0:21:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the opposite, when I don’t,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.51,0:21:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I don't, he changes, in a bad way!
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.25,0:21:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people are not black or white,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.88,0:21:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are not always the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.42,0:21:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it depends on the circumstances.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.07,0:21:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are institutions which \Npush people in the good way
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.78,0:21:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and institutions which push \Npeople in the wrong way.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.29,0:21:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I pretend is that
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.34,0:21:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our institutions are closed
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.64,0:21:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they deter us from doing politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.48,0:21:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They deter us from making efforts \Nfor the greater good
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.06,0:22:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is why we look like \Npassive citizen
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.23,0:22:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don’t care about anything; \Nwho are individualists
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.85,0:22:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s multifactorial, \Nthat’s not the whole of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.15,0:22:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think the role of \Nclosed institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.24,0:22:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is important
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.80,0:22:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this situation of passive citizen.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.03,0:22:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know it is not a panacea\Nwhat I'm talking about\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.51,0:22:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think more open institutions would
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.93,0:22:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let people discuss on sorted assembly
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.86,0:22:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or partially drawn if that scares you.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.94,0:22:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll talk about it in a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.53,0:22:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Institutions which would allow people\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.06,0:22:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discuss and DECIDE.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.30,0:22:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really decide\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:33.62,0:22:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore take the risk of being wrong\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.97,0:22:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.36,0:22:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we realized they made a mistake
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.18,0:22:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of changing decision to modify.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.45,0:22:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's Institutional Assessment -\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.22,0:22:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which allows for decisions assessment\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.99,0:22:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.80,0:22:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These institutions there \Nif they were open ,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.92,0:22:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd transform us, I claim it.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.69,0:22:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voilà, I ...\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.47,0:22:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the institutions,… \Nthe experiments of draw
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.06,0:22:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I observe in Sintomer's book\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.75,0:22:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found them exciting\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.21,0:22:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they point in the same direction,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.33,0:23:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they show that, \Nwhen a meeting of Malians ,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.34,0:23:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so in Mali get together to ...
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.12,0:23:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are drawn to talk about … anyone ,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.56,0:23:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a little of everything in there,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.63,0:23:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a lot of farmers because\Nthey have a lot of farmers
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.50,0:23:12.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is not only farmers\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.100,0:23:15.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is people of all socio-professional\Ncategories.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.53,0:23:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when these people get together \Nto talk about GMOs ,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.21,0:23:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they know nothing about GMOs\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.65,0:23:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are given credits\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.93,0:23:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for months they work on the topic\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.81,0:23:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they bring in experts from\Nall around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.07,0:23:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have credits for that\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.32,0:23:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They listen to the experts
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.65,0:23:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then they bring in experts \Nwith opposite opinions
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.99,0:23:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to hear ...\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.01,0:23:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hear all sides of the story.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.50,0:23:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They hear them publicly,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.68,0:23:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of it is broadcasted on the radio, \Non TV, on the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.71,0:23:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People can attend \Nthese deliberations ,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.48,0:23:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can intervene and ask questions ,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.31,0:23:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can say - you forgot to ask \Nthis question
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.58,0:23:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well the question is asked \Nto Monsanto when it comes
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.23,0:23:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explain why it wants GMOs\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.60,0:23:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we will listen to the people \Nof the peasant confederation
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.67,0:23:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know why they don't want GMOs,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.41,0:23:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then they listen to the peasants of \NLatin America
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.83,0:23:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who are using GMOs and tell them \N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.43,0:23:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"why did you decide to use GMOs?\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.96,0:23:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you happy about it? "\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.22,0:24:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we hear all this, and after months,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.09,0:24:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who knew nothing become competent.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.13,0:24:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here. And that's exciting!\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:05.56,0:24:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's to say that practical experiments\Nconfirm
Dialogue: 0,0:24:09.80,0:24:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I tell you theoretically :
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.75,0:24:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,humans are political animals
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.08,0:24:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not at any price,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.33,0:24:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there is no stake, we do nothing\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.22,0:24:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have no reason to do so\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.95,0:24:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if there is a stake and that\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.03,0:24:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if one tries hard, he can change things,\Nthen we do it
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.75,0:24:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have seen in 2005, we were told that \Nwe wouldn't discuss the institutions ,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.15,0:24:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the constitution was a dusty text, \Nannoying ,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.62,0:24:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which pisses off everybody, \Nand noone would even care
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.15,0:24:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it wasn't worth bothering\Nwith a referendum taratata...
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.96,0:24:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a referendum,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.99,0:24:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we felt we could say yes, no; \Nthere was a stake,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.28,0:24:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we started talking, \Nwe were said we could change
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.59,0:24:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but look how much we talked.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.96,0:24:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could have been better,\Nit was not long enough ,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.43,0:24:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have not spoken of Part I as \Nwe should have, in my opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.46,0:24:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should have been 80%, 90% to say no\N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.31,0:24:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because we have not had \Nthe needed debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.08,0:25:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there are many people, friends ,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.69,0:25:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with whom I discussed at length,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.29,0:25:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who have voted yes because we did not \Nhave time to discuss as we should have,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.24,0:25:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it is…\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.50,0:25:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look how it changed us.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.66,0:25:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,about competence, I think we need laws\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.12,0:25:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think when there is no law, it is\Nthe law of the strongest that prevails
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.68,0:25:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it seems to me less fun\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.28,0:25:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The law of the strongest is everywhere .\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:27.36,0:25:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our regime ruled by law is, \Nin the nature, quite exceptional ,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.92,0:25:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is only human which makes prevail, \Nwhich imagine and enforce the rule of law.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.20,0:25:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think it's far from perfect\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.99,0:25:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'll see why when we'll speak of\Nthe representative government
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.19,0:25:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.57,0:25:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But still, it seems to me that \Nwe have a tool
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.14,0:25:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which should help protecting us
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.15,0:25:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacify us, give us a less painful life\N\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.94,0:25:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But do we really need representatives ?\N
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.30,0:26:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really deserves a discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.46,0:26:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Representatives as we have today\N
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.40,0:26:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these representatives to whom, \Nevery 5 years ,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.67,0:26:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we give all powers without being able\Nto choose them
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.03,0:26:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the choice is a false choice,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.98,0:26:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people I vote for, I have not chosen \Nthem at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.62,0:26:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I chose between people I have not chosen
Dialogue: 0,0:26:20.100,0:26:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This example, is an academic example of\Na false choice
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.73,0:26:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The examples presented to us \Nduring elections
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.14,0:26:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not real choices, it's not me \Nwho has chosen these candidates
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.05,0:26:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you give all the powers,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.75,0:26:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that is exactly what is it, \NI give absolutely all powers
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.92,0:26:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to people I did not choose,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:26:36.90,0:26:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then without being able, \Nduring the mandate
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.38,0:26:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having the slightest possibility\Nof revoking ,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.88,0:26:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or put into question, or even \Nchallenge their laws ,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.39,0:26:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having any mean of ...\N
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.22,0:26:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't seem at all, at all, \Nat all desirable to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:51.94,0:26:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this, it is not at all democracy ,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.42,0:26:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they call it democracy because\Nthey know that we want democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:57.50,0:27:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because they have understood,\Nand this is fabulous ,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.16,0:27:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's really smart to play with words\Nlike that.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.27,0:27:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By calling a regime that is the absolute\Nantithesis of democracy ,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:06.38,0:27:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the opposite ... \Nwhen you choose your masters ,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.09,0:27:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who will choose everything\Nfor you ,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:11.13,0:27:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means that mechanically, it is not you \Nwho decide
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.62,0:27:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this is not democracy\N
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.81,0:27:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it is not you who decide, it means\Nthat we are not in a democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:18.21,0:27:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The democracy, I'm sorry, \Nit's a matter of definition.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.87,0:27:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we can discuss this if you want\Nbecause everything can be discussed
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.35,0:27:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a democracy worthy of the name is not \Nwhat the current system is.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.72,0:27:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The current regime is the opposite:\Nit is a regime ... ,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:33.36,0:27:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps defensible but it should not \Nbe called democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.80,0:27:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when it's called democracy, \Nwe get intellectually stucked,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.18,0:27:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consciously or not, I don't care but \Nwe find ourselves bogged down
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.56,0:27:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a situation in which, \Nwe call a situation
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.26,0:27:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is problematic \Nwith the name of its solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.25,0:27:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we don't manage to formulate\Nthe solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.35,0:27:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can not say "I want democracy"\N
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.93,0:28:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're told \N"but you already have it"
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.08,0:28:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but gnagnagna you play with words"\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:01.75,0:28:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to stop using the word\N"democracy"
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.95,0:28:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when talking about the current regime.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.82,0:28:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The system we live in is not at all
Dialogue: 0,0:28:07.58,0:28:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was never intended as a democracy.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.69,0:28:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is allegedly democratic since\Nthe early 19th century
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.02,0:28:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was not thought of, to start with, \Nas a democracy ,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.83,0:28:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was thought as an elective aristocracy \Nwhere the best ones are designated ,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.67,0:28:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people refers to those \Nwho will decide in their behalf
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.90,0:28:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the designers of the current regime, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.47,0:28:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is to be called\Nrepresentative government ,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.47,0:28:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knew it very well ... \Nthey did it knowingly ,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.25,0:28:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not by chance, they knew very well \Nthey were not instituting a democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.06,0:28:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted it not to be a democracy ,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:38.58,0:28:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They knew democracy, they knew what it is\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.76,0:28:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they did not want it.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.76,0:28:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today we call this regime a democracy.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.52,0:28:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we will talk in a minute\Nabout what characterizes a democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.98,0:28:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which allowed for the Athenians\Nto make
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.90,0:28:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a democracy worthy of the name work\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.60,0:28:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during two hundred years\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.96,0:29:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what it had of extraordinarily\Nattractive for today ,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.68,0:29:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will see that the workings \Nof a democracy ,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.96,0:29:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have absolutely nothing to do \Nwith what we are living today.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.94,0:29:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think I answered the bracket \Nfor a little too long ... but hey
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.16,0:29:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Presenter: Etienne, \NI will suggest a short break ,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:11.78,0:29:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we said we would make a break at 7:30 \N
Dialogue: 0,0:29:13.54,0:29:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we passed the time quite a bit. \NFor those who want ,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.06,0:29:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is something to eat, sandwiches ,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.08,0:29:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beers, juice, water, etc. next door.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.90,0:29:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we come back at, \Nlet's say, at ten to, a quarter to ten
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.12,0:29:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Etienne: you 're not getting bored yet?\N
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.60,0:29:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (din)\N