[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.71,0:00:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[background noise, discussing arrangements]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.04,0:00:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the growing maker movement has recently drawn some social critiques.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see here from this clever send-up of Make magazine by Professor Garnet Hertz
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.15,0:00:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his book series Critical Making.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.20,0:00:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, just how revolutionary is it to join the Arduino revolution?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.94,0:00:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There needs to be space, Hertz argues, to study the social, cultural, and political implications of making.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.31,0:00:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as evidenced by yesterday's Make-To-Learn symposium, many within the DML community
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.52,0:00:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are committed to broadening participation in DIY activities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.16,0:00:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for socioeconomically, racially, ethnically diverse youth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.21,0:00:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To complement that initiative, I'm here to make a pitch for broadening that focus even further,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.37,0:00:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to encompass youth with disabilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.58,0:00:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to talk about what I'm calling a mixed-ability maker culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.54,0:00:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why it's important and how you all can support it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.30,0:00:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By mixed-ability maker culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.18,0:00:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean a collaborative culture within which people with and without disabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.16,0:01:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can co-create and co-exist as they work to maximize and develop their own skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.72,0:01:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This includes making useful things for people with disabilities, but also getting people with disabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.43,0:01:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involved in making. A mixed-ability maker culture is one that embraces the differences
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.31,0:01:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only between people who do and do not identify as having a disability,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.77,0:01:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the wide range of differences that exist among people with disabilities themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.03,0:01:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now why this this important?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.97,0:01:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the U.S. Department of Education reports that there are 6 million kids with disabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.26,0:01:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the public education system. And so while those 6 million experience disability on an individual level,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.22,0:01:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our collective institutions and social practices directly impact opportunities for participation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.90,0:01:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disability isn't an isolated social justice issue either.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.69,0:01:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It intersects with race, ethnicity, income, gender, sexuality in complex ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.41,0:01:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those complex intersections and the challenges they pose for young people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.25,0:01:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,merits more attention among all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.20,0:01:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Historically, as you can see here, there has been a lot of hope around new technologies being an equalizer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.05,0:01:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for youth with disabilities. At the same time, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.16,0:02:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kids with disabilities are rarely portrayed as cultural producers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.06,0:02:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And special education has received little attention at DML over the years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.31,0:02:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The irony is that the technological world as we know it has been fundamentally shaped
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.34,0:02:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by youth with disabilities who found their way around complex systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.90,0:02:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, take phone phreaking, which was essentially computer hacking before there were computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.13,0:02:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1950s, blind youth like Joe Engressia were the first to discover that they could hack the telephone system
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.68,0:02:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using perfect pitch to trigger automated switches.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.44,0:02:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They became central figures in the phone phreaking movement and in hacking history,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.96,0:02:36.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,influencing the likes of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.73,0:02:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maker culture, and specifically 3D printing, also have huge implications for assistive technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.29,0:02:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Customized, lightweight, easily-replacable parts, such as this 3D-printed brace, open up new possibilities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.19,0:02:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for mobility and experience. So, cultivating a mixed ability maker culture is important
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.72,0:02:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because on one side, youth with disabilities are part of the past, present, and future of making.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.78,0:03:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the same time, they have been,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.09,0:03:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their participation has been undervalued in society and understudied in the DML community.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.57,0:03:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, then how can we support a more mixed-ability maker culture?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.44,0:03:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we can learn about making and hacking from people with disabilities themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.19,0:03:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I highly recommend checking out ZebredaMakesItWork.com, a series of videos and blogposts
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.09,0:03:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created by a woman named Zebreda Dunham. Mixed ability maker culture recognizes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.10,0:03:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that different bodies produce different types of knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.57,0:03:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can't speak on behalf of people with disabilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.78,0:03:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as an ally, I think that it's important to amplify the voices and the innovations of people like Zebreda.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.06,0:03:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, you can support mixed ability maker culture
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.88,0:03:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by following the lead of those who already building mixed-ability maker spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.24,0:03:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the organization DIYAbility in New York City which is co-run by John Schimmel of NYU's ITP department
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.39,0:03:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Holly Cohen of NYU's Occupational Therapy department.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.75,0:03:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can also collaborate with others. For example, at this year's Interaction Design and Children conference in New York City
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.75,0:04:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's going to be a workshop on evaluating accessibility and fabrication tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.37,0:04:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, not designed specifically for kids with disabilities, tools like Makey Makey offer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.04,0:04:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whole new ways of working with technology. And I am personally at the early stages of a project
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.69,0:04:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at how parents, therapists, and special education teachers rewire and hack toys
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.52,0:04:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make them more accessible, as opposed to way more expensive other assistive technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.90,0:04:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm interested in how accessibility becomes hackcessibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.49,0:04:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, novel directions for the maker movement require new ways of looking at maker culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.29,0:04:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And mixed-ability maker culture, is one committed to an equitable, ethical, and sustainable democratic future.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.33,0:04:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It requires us to look closer not only at the materiality of making, but also the social context
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.89,0:04:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that surrounds participation in and exclusion from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.83,0:04:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To repeat, with disabilities, making can be both a hobby and a necessity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.69,0:04:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And through the lens of mixed-ability maker culture, I'm hoping to prompt a serious discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.69,0:04:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what we talk about and what we don't talk about when we talk about maker culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.72,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks! [applause]