[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.56,0:00:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to speak to you\Nabout the global refugee crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.36,0:00:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my aim is to show you that this crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.20,0:00:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is manageable, not unsolvable,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.96,0:00:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also show you that this is\Nas much about us and who we are
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.28,0:00:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it is a trial of the refugees\Non the front line.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.32,0:00:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, this is not\Njust a professional obligation,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.16,0:00:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I run an NGO supporting refugees\Nand displaced people around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.12,0:00:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's personal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.32,0:00:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I love this picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.92,0:00:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That really handsome guy on the right,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.04,0:00:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's not me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.76,0:00:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's my dad, Ralph, in London, in 1940
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.36,0:00:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with his father Samuel.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.92,0:00:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were Jewish refugees from Belgium.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.44,0:00:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They fled the day the Nazis invaded.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.60,0:00:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I love this picture too.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.64,0:00:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a group of refugee children
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.48,0:00:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arriving in England in 1946 from Poland.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the middle is my mother, Marion.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.64,0:01:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was sent to start a new life
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.68,0:01:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a new country
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.20,0:01:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on her own
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.48,0:01:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the age of 12.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.92,0:01:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know this:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.56,0:01:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if Britain had not admitted refugees
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.84,0:01:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 1940s,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.80,0:01:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I certainly would not be here today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.24,0:01:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet 70 years on,\Nthe wheel has come full circle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.84,0:01:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sound is of walls being built,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.88,0:01:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vengeful political rhetoric,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.40,0:01:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,humanitarian values and principles on fire
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.76,0:01:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the very countries\Nthat 70 years ago said never again
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.68,0:01:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to statelessness and hopelessness\Nfor the victims of war.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.60,0:01:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year, every minute,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.32,0:01:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,24 more people were displaced\Nfrom their homes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.68,0:01:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by conflict, violence and persecution:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.16,0:01:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another chemical weapon attack in Syria,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.88,0:02:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Taliban on the rampage in Afghanistan,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.36,0:02:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,girls driven from their school\Nin northeast Nigeria by Boko Haram.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.80,0:02:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are not people\Nmoving to another country
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.32,0:02:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get a better life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.28,0:02:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're fleeing for their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.08,0:02:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a real tragedy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.52,0:02:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the world's most famous refugee\Ncan't come to speak to you here today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.24,0:02:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of you will know this picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.80,0:02:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows the lifeless body
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.44,0:02:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of five-year-old Alan Kurdi,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.56,0:02:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Syrian refugee who died\Nin the Mediterranean in 2015.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.04,0:02:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He died alongside 3,700 others\Ntrying to get to Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.44,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next year, 2016,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.72,0:02:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5,000 people died.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.84,0:02:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's too late for them,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.24,0:02:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not too late\Nfor millions of others.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not too late\Nfor people like Frederick.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.64,0:03:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met him in the Nyarugusu\Nrefugee camp in Tanzania.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.16,0:03:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's from Burundi.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.72,0:03:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wanted to know\Nwhere could he complete his studies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.32,0:03:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd done 11 years of schooling.\NHe wanted a 12th year.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.44,0:03:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said to me, "I pray\Nthat my days do not end here
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.08,0:03:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this refugee camp."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.20,0:03:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not too late for Halud.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.48,0:03:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her parents were Palestinian refugees
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.20,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in the Yarmouk refugee camp\Noutside Damascus.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.48,0:03:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was born to refugee parents
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now she's a refugee\Nherself in Lebanon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.52,0:03:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's working for the International\NRescue Committee to help other refugees,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.84,0:03:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she has no certainty at all
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.84,0:03:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about her future,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it is or what it holds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.40,0:03:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This talk is about Frederick, about Halud
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.32,0:03:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and about millions like them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.32,0:03:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why they're displaced,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.28,0:03:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they survive, what help they need\Nand what our responsibilities are.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.60,0:03:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I truly believe this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.44,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the biggest question\Nin the 21st century
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.76,0:04:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concerns our duty to strangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.32,0:04:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The future you is about your duties
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.60,0:04:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to strangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.44,0:04:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know better than anyone,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.84,0:04:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world is more connected\Nthan ever before,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.52,0:04:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet the great danger
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.44,0:04:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we're consumed by our divisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is no better test of that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.28,0:04:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than how we treat refugees.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.84,0:04:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are the facts: 65 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.80,0:04:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,displaced from their homes\Nby violence and persecution last year.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.04,0:04:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it was a country,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.80,0:04:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be the 21st\Nlargest country in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.88,0:04:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of those people, about 40 million,\Nstay within their own home country,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.80,0:04:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but 25 million are refugees.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.40,0:04:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means they cross a border\Ninto a neighboring state.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.12,0:04:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of them are living in poor countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.16,0:04:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relatively poor or lower-middle-income\Ncountries, like Lebanon,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.20,0:04:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where Halud is living.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.88,0:05:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Lebanon, one\Nin four people is a refugee,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.56,0:05:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a quarter of the whole population.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.84,0:05:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And refugees stay for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.96,0:05:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The average length of displacement
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.08,0:05:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is 10 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.32,0:05:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to what was the world's\Nlargest refugee camp, in eastern Kenya.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.08,0:05:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called Dadaab.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.32,0:05:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was built in 1991-92
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.48,0:05:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a "temporary camp"\Nfor Somalis fleeing the civil war.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.92,0:05:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met Silo.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.72,0:05:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And naïvely I said to Silo,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.56,0:05:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Do you think you'll ever\Ngo home to Somalia?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.88,0:05:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said, "What do you mean, go home?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.32,0:05:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was born here."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.72,0:05:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then when I asked the camp management
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.84,0:05:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many of the 330,000 people\Nin that camp were born there,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.92,0:05:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they gave me the answer:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.16,0:05:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.84,0:05:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what long-term displacement means.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.44,0:05:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the causes of this are deep:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.92,0:05:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weak states that can't\Nsupport their own people,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.84,0:06:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an international political system
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.28,0:06:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weaker than at any time since 1945,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.32,0:06:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and differences over theology, governance,\Nengagement with the outside world
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.44,0:06:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in significant parts of the Muslim world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.68,0:06:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, those are long-term,\Ngenerational challenges.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.88,0:06:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why I say that this refugee crisis\Nis a trend and not a blip.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.36,0:06:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's complex, and when you have\Nbig, large, long-term, complex problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.92,0:06:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people think nothing can be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.12,0:06:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Pope Francis went to Lampedusa,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.36,0:06:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,off the coast of Italy, in 2014,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.96,0:06:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he accused all of us\Nand the global population
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.28,0:06:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what he called\N"the globalization of indifference."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.76,0:06:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a haunting phrase.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that our hearts\Nhave turned to stone.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.56,0:06:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know, you tell me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.40,0:06:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you allowed to argue with the Pope,\Neven at a TED conference?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.88,0:06:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think it's not right.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.32,0:06:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think people do want\Nto make a difference,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.44,0:07:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they just don't know whether\Nthere are any solutions to this crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.16,0:07:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I want to tell you today
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.00,0:07:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that though the problems are real,\Nthe solutions are real too.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.80,0:07:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Solution one:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.16,0:07:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these refugees need to get into work\Nin the countries where they're living
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.76,0:07:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the countries where they're living\Nneed massive economic support.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.04,0:07:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Uganda in 2014, they did a study:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.68,0:07:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 percent of refugees\Nin the capital city Kampala
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.60,0:07:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needed no humanitarian aid\Nbecause they were working.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.36,0:07:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were supported into work.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.40,0:07:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Solution number two:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.20,0:07:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,education for kids\Nis a lifeline, not a luxury,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.28,0:07:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're displaced for so long.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.48,0:07:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kids can bounce back when they're given\Nthe proper social, emotional support
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.60,0:07:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alongside literacy and numeracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.36,0:07:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen it for myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.68,0:07:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But half of the world's refugee children\Nof primary school age
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.04,0:07:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get no education at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.04,0:07:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and three quarters of secondary school age\Nget no education at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.44,0:07:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.76,0:07:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Solution number three:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.28,0:07:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most refugees are in urban areas,\Nin cities, not in camps.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.76,0:08:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would you or I want\Nif we were a refugee in a city?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.44,0:08:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would want money\Nto pay rent or buy clothes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.60,0:08:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the future\Nof the humanitarian system,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.80,0:08:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a significant part of it:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.20,0:08:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give people cash so that\Nyou boost the power of refugees
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.88,0:08:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you'll help the local economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.88,0:08:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a fourth solution, too,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.88,0:08:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's controversial\Nbut needs to be talked about.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.64,0:08:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most vulnerable refugees\Nneed to be given a new start
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.16,0:08:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a new life in a new country,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.12,0:08:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including in the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.08,0:08:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The numbers are relatively small,\Nhundreds of thousands, not millions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.32,0:08:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the symbolism is huge.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.88,0:08:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now is not the time\Nto be banning refugees,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.60,0:08:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Trump administration proposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.44,0:08:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a time to be embracing people\Nwho are victims of terror.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.16,0:08:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.40,0:08:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.48,0:08:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, anyone who asks you,\N"Are they properly vetted?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.24,0:08:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a really sensible\Nand good question to ask.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.28,0:09:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth is, refugees\Narriving for resettlement
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.44,0:09:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are more vetted than any other population\Narriving in our countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.12,0:09:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while it's reasonable\Nto ask the question,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.28,0:09:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not reasonable to say that refugee\Nis another word for terrorist.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.12,0:09:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what happens --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.36,0:09:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.76,0:09:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when refugees can't get work,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.92,0:09:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can't get their kids into school,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.80,0:09:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can't get cash,\Nthey can't get a legal route to hope?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.88,0:09:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens is they take risky journeys.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.44,0:09:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to Lesbos, this beautiful\NGreek island, two years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.20,0:09:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a home to 90,000 people.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.08,0:09:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one year, 500,000 refugees\Nwent across the island.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.24,0:09:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to show you what I saw
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.08,0:09:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I drove across\Nto the north of the island:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.44,0:09:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pile of life jackets\Nof those who had made it to shore.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.84,0:09:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I looked closer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.44,0:09:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were small\Nlife jackets for children,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.92,0:09:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yellow ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.32,0:09:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I took this picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.48,0:10:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably can't see the writing,\Nbut I want to read it for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.64,0:10:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Warning: will not\Nprotect against drowning."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.92,0:10:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the 21st century,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.44,0:10:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children are being given life jackets
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.72,0:10:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reach safety in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.88,0:10:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though those jackets\Nwill not save their lives
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.24,0:10:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they fall out of the boat\Nthat is taking them there.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.80,0:10:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not just a crisis, it's a test.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.76,0:10:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a test that civilizations\Nhave faced down the ages.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.56,0:10:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a test of our humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.00,0:10:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a test of us in the Western world
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.32,0:10:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of who we are and what we stand for.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.16,0:10:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a test of our character,\Nnot just our policies.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.96,0:10:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And refugees are a hard case.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.16,0:10:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do come from faraway\Nparts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.16,0:10:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have been through trauma.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.08,0:10:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're often of a different religion.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.20,0:10:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are precisely the reasons\Nwe should be helping refugees,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.40,0:10:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a reason not to help them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.40,0:11:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a reason to help them\Nbecause of what it says about us.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.48,0:11:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's revealing of our values.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.12,0:11:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy and altruism are two\Nof the foundations of civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.32,0:11:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turn that empathy and altruism into action
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.76,0:11:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we live out a basic moral credo.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.96,0:11:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the modern world,\Nwe have no excuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.24,0:11:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't say we don't know\Nwhat's happening in Juba, South Sudan,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.36,0:11:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Aleppo, Syria.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.96,0:11:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's there, in our smartphone
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.88,0:11:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.28,0:11:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ignorance is no excuse at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.88,0:11:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fail to help, and we show\Nwe have no moral compass at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.08,0:11:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also revealing about\Nwhether we know our own history.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.96,0:11:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason that refugees\Nhave rights around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.48,0:11:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because of extraordinary\NWestern leadership
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.28,0:11:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by statesmen and women\Nafter the Second World War
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.64,0:11:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that became universal rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.64,0:11:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trash the protections of refugees,\Nand we trash our own history.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.40,0:11:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.64,0:11:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.36,0:12:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is also revealing\Nabout the power of democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.40,0:12:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a refuge from dictatorship.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.68,0:12:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many politicians have you heard say,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.76,0:12:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We believe in the power of our example,\Nnot the example of our power."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.60,0:12:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they mean is what we stand for\Nis more important than the bombs we drop.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.36,0:12:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Refugees seeking sanctuary
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.80,0:12:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have seen the West as a source\Nof hope and a place of haven.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.72,0:12:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Russians, Iranians,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.48,0:12:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese, Eritreans, Cubans,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.80,0:12:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've come to the West for safety.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.48,0:12:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We throw that away at our peril.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.12,0:12:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's one other thing\Nit reveals about us:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.40,0:12:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether we have any humility\Nfor our own mistakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.32,0:12:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not one of these people
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.20,0:12:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who believes that all the problems\Nin the world are caused by the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.56,0:12:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.80,0:12:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we make mistakes,\Nwe should recognize it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.88,0:12:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not an accident\Nthat the country which has taken
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.40,0:12:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more refugees than any other,\Nthe United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.68,0:13:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has taken more refugees from Vietnam\Nthan any other country.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.96,0:13:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It speaks to the history.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.20,0:13:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's more recent history,\Nin Iraq and Afghanistan.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.56,0:13:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't make up\Nfor foreign policy errors
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.32,0:13:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by humanitarian action,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.92,0:13:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when you break something,\Nyou have a duty to try to help repair it,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.84,0:13:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's our duty now.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.52,0:13:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you remember\Nat the beginning of the talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.68,0:13:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said I wanted to explain\Nthat the refugee crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.20,0:13:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was manageable, not insoluble?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.04,0:13:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's true. I want you\Nto think in a new way,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.68,0:13:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I also want you to do things.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.68,0:13:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're an employer,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.88,0:13:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hire refugees.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.44,0:13:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're persuaded by the arguments,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.28,0:13:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take on the myths
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.80,0:13:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when family or friends\Nor workmates repeat them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.44,0:13:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you've got money, give it to charities
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.72,0:13:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make a difference\Nfor refugees around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.52,0:13:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're a citizen,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.04,0:13:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vote for politicians
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.40,0:14:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will put into practice\Nthe solutions that I've talked about.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.04,0:14:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.28,0:14:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The duty to strangers
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.48,0:14:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows itself
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.48,0:14:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in small ways and big,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.04,0:14:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prosaic and heroic.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.80,0:14:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1942,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.60,0:14:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my aunt and my grandmother\Nwere living in Brussels
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.00,0:14:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under German occupation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.00,0:14:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They received a summons
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.36,0:14:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Nazi authorities\Nto go to Brussels Railway Station.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.28,0:14:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My grandmother immediately thought\Nsomething was amiss.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.72,0:14:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She pleaded with her relatives
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.24,0:14:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to go to Brussels Railway Station.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.24,0:14:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her relatives said to her,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.44,0:14:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If we don't go,\Nif we don't do what we're told,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.24,0:14:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we're going to be in trouble."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.76,0:14:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can guess what happened
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.72,0:14:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the relatives who went\Nto Brussels Railway Station.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.16,0:14:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were never seen again.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.16,0:14:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But my grandmother and my aunt,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.72,0:15:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they went to a small village
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.28,0:15:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,south of Brussels
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.72,0:15:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they'd been on holiday\Nin the decade before,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.28,0:15:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they presented themselves\Nat the house of the local farmer,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.96,0:15:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Catholic farmer called Mr. Maurice,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.84,0:15:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they asked him to take them in.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.88,0:15:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he did,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.56,0:15:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by the end of the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.92,0:15:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,17 Jews, I was told,\Nwere living in that village.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.36,0:15:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I was teenager, I asked my aunt,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.36,0:15:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can you take me to meet Mr. Maurice?"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.40,0:15:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said, "Yeah, I can.\NHe's still alive. Let's go and see him."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.64,0:15:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, it must have been '83, '84,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.32,0:15:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we went to see him.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.72,0:15:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I suppose, like only a teenager could,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.56,0:15:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I met him,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.84,0:15:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was this white-haired gentleman,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.32,0:15:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said to him,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.16,0:15:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why did you do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.40,0:15:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why did you take that risk?"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.24,0:15:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he looked at me and he shrugged,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.00,0:16:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, in French,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.24,0:16:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On doit."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.60,0:16:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"One must."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.28,0:16:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was innate in him.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.12,0:16:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was natural.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.40,0:16:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my point to you is it should be\Nnatural and innate in us too.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.64,0:16:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tell yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.08,0:16:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this refugee crisis is manageable,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.60,0:16:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not unsolvable,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.20,0:16:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and each one of us
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.32,0:16:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a personal responsibility\Nto help make it so,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.24,0:16:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is about the rescue\Nof us and our values
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.44,0:16:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as the rescue\Nof refugees and their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.32,0:16:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much indeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.64,0:16:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.12,0:16:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bruno Giussani: David, thank you.\NDavid Miliband: Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.00,0:16:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Those are strong suggestions
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.60,0:16:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your call for individual\Nresponsibility is very strong as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.80,0:16:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm troubled\Nby one thought, and it's this:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.04,0:16:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you mentioned, and these are your words,\N"extraordinary Western leadership"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.08,0:17:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which led 60-something years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.96,0:17:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the whole discussion\Nabout human rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.04,0:17:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the conventions on refugees, etc. etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.24,0:17:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That leadership\Nhappened after a big trauma
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.64,0:17:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and happened in\Na consensual political space,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.64,0:17:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now we are\Nin a divisive political space.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.80,0:17:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, refugees have become\None of the divisive issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.56,0:17:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where will leadership come from today?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.16,0:17:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DM: Well, I think that you're right to say
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.64,0:17:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the leadership forged in war
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.76,0:17:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a different temper\Nand a different tempo
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.04,0:17:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a different outlook
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.32,0:17:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than leadership forged in peace.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.56,0:17:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so my answer would be\Nthe leadership has got to come from below,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.32,0:17:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not from above.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.80,0:17:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, a recurring theme\Nof the conference this week
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.16,0:17:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been about\Nthe democratization of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.00,0:17:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've got to preserve\Nour own democracies,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.20,0:17:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we've got to also activate\Nour own democracies.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.72,0:17:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when people say to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.56,0:17:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There's a backlash against refugees,"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.44,0:17:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I say to them is,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.72,0:17:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"No, there's a polarization,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.84,0:17:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.08,0:18:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who are fearful\Nare making more noise
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.10,0:18:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than those who are proud."
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.64,0:18:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so my answer to your question\Nis that we will sponsor and encourage
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.64,0:18:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give confidence to leadership
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.44,0:18:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we mobilize ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.24,0:18:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that when you are\Nin a position of looking for leadership,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.56,0:18:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to look inside
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.92,0:18:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mobilize in your own community
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.64,0:18:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to create conditions\Nfor a different kind of settlement.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.88,0:18:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Thank you, David.\NThanks for coming to TED.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.12,0:18:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)