1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,000
(English captions by Trisha Paul, University of Michigan.)

2
00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:09,000
In this session, you will be introduced to
the principles of disaster planning and you

3
00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:19,000
will be introduced to the district disaster
planning matrix.

4
00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:22,000
Why do we plan?

5
00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:31,000
Think about why we plan.

6
00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:37,000
We plan for health emergencies to get better
prepared to respond to the disaster and save

7
00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:43,000
lives, to know there are resources needed
and activities anticipated.

8
00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:48,000
Resources are limited and have to be used
in the best possible way.

9
00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:55,000
Good plans should be operational, that is,
simple to use, written to include operational-level

10
00:00:55,000 --> 00:01:03,000
detail for each and every thing there is to
be done, and accompanied by standard operating

11
00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:06,000
procedures and checklists.

12
00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:13,000
Good plans are consensus-based, that is, written
by a group, and they are developed by consensus

13
00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:17,000
among stakeholders.

14
00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:24,000
Good plans are capability-based, that is,
based upon what we are actually capable of

15
00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:33,000
doing or we should prescribe activities 
that lead to building capabilities.

16
00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:40,000
Good plans are objective-based, that is, they
should include measurable objectives.

17
00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:45,000
Good plans should be compliant, that is, they
should be in line with national guidelines

18
00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:53,000
and policies and in addition regional guidelines
and frameworks.

19
00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:59,000
Consensus-based planning.

20
00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:03,000
The best plans are written by those whom will
actually implement the plan.

21
00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:10,000
They are viewed as "contracts" that result
from the negotiation of various stakeholders.

22
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:18,000
They require, the process requires a very
well-organized facilitation process in order

23
00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:24,000
to save time and result in a product.

24
00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:32,000
Objectives, good disaster management objectives
should be SMART.

25
00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:50,000
That is, Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Realistic, Time-bound, or Time-based, or Time-referred.

26
00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:54,000
Good objectives answer 5 questions.

27
00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:57,000
What tasks do we perform during the disaster?

28
00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:02,000
Who will perform the tasks?

29
00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:06,000
How will we perform the tasks?

30
00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:08,000
When will we perform the tasks?

31
00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:16,000
Where will we perform the tasks?

32
00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:23,000
Plans may be made according to time, that
is short-term plans, intermediate term plans,

33
00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:31,000
and long term plans, but plans may also be
made according to degree of detail, either

34
00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:36,000
strategic plans or operational plans.

35
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:45,000
Strategic plans are broad and general, mainly
in the form of protocols.

36
00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:50,000
They prescribe what actions are to be performed
broadly.

37
00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:57,000
Operational plans, on the other hand, are
detailed and focused and describe how actions

38
00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:03,000
will be performed, who will perform them,
when will they be performed, with respect to

39
00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:13,000
the disaster, and where will these actions
be performed?

40
00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:20,000
Strategic identification plans do identify
the main strategy, provide overview of response,

41
00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:21,000
and identify collaborations.

42
00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:31,000
They do not engage operational level workers
and stakeholders, they do not describe detailed

43
00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:44,000
actions, and they often do not provide references
in the form of checklists, forms, and templates.

44
00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:48,000
This is an example of a matrix for operational
planning.

45
00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:57,000
As you can see, it shows the strategic objective,
the operational objectives within that strategy,

46
00:04:57,000 --> 00:05:07,000
the actions, the checklists, if necessary,
the responsible parties, the timing with respect

47
00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:16,000
to the disaster, and the location with respect
to the disaster.

48
00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:25,000
The planning cycle involves planning, in which
we describe the tasks, training, in which

49
00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:33,000
we learn the tasks through meetings, consensus
building sessions, negotiations, exercises

50
00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:42,000
in which we perform the tasks and test them
with respect to scenarios, analysis, in which

51
00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:47,000
we review the performance of these tasks with
respect to the exercises for disasters that

52
00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:48,000
have occurred.

53
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:56,000
And then we plan again, or improve the plan.

54
00:05:56,000 --> 00:06:03,000
In a plan, collaborate with others, prepare
the plan, highlight standards and indicators,

55
00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:09,000
assign tasks, and make relevant checklists,
if possible, to guide the implementers on what

56
00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:15,000
we mean by a given operation.

57
00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:16,000
Training.

58
00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:22,000
Train response teams, ensure that tasks are
learned, conduct exercises and drills, and

59
00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:26,000
assess performance of exercises.

60
00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:27,000
Exercise.

61
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:34,000
Implement the plan, implement the pre-disaster
activities, implement response activities

62
00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:36,000
in case of a disaster.

63
00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:42,000
Implement the post disaster activities after
the disaster.

64
00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:43,000
Analysis.

65
00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:50,000
Monitor and evaluate the plan, check on actual
performance, assess what worked and what did

66
00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:57,000
not work, improve the plan, this is called
plan maintenance.

67
00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:02,000
Problem issues in current disaster plans include
the fact that they are cumbersome to use,

68
00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:08,000
checklists that fail or are not really
meant for the disaster, focus on tasks rather

69
00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:15,000
than management, many possible hazards and
scenarios, so we try to plan for every possible

70
00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:21,000
hazard that is likely to meet our district, and then
lack of clear objectives and measures of effectiveness;

71
00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:32,000
how do we know that we have responded appropriately?

72
00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:38,000
Challenges of emergency management planning
for public health emergencies.

73
00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:45,000
Planning must be written by consensus among
all stakeholders, that is planners, responders,

74
00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:46,000
and managers.

75
00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:53,000
Planning should not be an end in itself, and
it should not be more important than the plan.

76
00:07:53,000 --> 00:08:04,000
It should be a way for everyone to learn the
plan so that it is implemented

77
00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:12,000
You shall know be introduced to the district
disaster planning matrix.

78
00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:17,000
The SOA matrix is used for planning for disasters.

79
00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:25,000
It stands for Strategic Objectives, Operational
Objectives, and Activities.

80
00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:32,000
Districts are already used to planning using
matrices.

81
00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:36,000
The strategic objectives in the matrix have
already been prepared for you based on the

82
00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:38,000
SHERE Standards.

83
00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:44,000
The operational objectives have already been
prepared for you based on the SPHERE Standards.

84
00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:50,000
These were prepared by the regional disaster
management training team, and discussed and

85
00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:54,000
analyzed.

86
00:08:54,000 --> 00:09:01,000
These prepared strategic objectives and operational
objectives are contained in a matrix that

87
00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:06,000
we shall issue to you, and it is available
on this resource.

88
00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:17,000
It is called the 'SOA Library', standing for 
Strategic, Operational Objectives and Activities.

89
00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:23,000
Under each operational objective, we expect
several activities.

90
00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:29,000
Your task is to select the appropriate activities
that suit each operational objective.

91
00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:36,000
Revise the objectives if needed, so as to
suit your local context and situation.

92
00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:45,000
Some of them can be merged, some of them can
be split, some of them can be reworded.

93
00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:56,000
This is the planning matrix that you will use in 
planning for disasters for your district or agency.

94
00:09:56,000 --> 00:10:03,000
It shows strategic objective, operational
objectives, activities, responsible parties,

95
00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:09,000
timing and location, and an estimate of the
budget.

96
00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:15,000
Being operational plans, they provide this
level of detail so we can know who will exactly

97
00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:24,000
do what in a disaster situation.

98
00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:28,000
The SOA Library is a form of planning capabilities.

99
00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:32,000
You will plan best on capability areas.

100
00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:37,000
These are based on the SPHERE standards.

101
00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:43,000
The capabilities include response management,
that is, minimum standards common to all disasters.

102
00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:49,000
The second capability is water, in case of
a disaster situation that needs water.

103
00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:52,000
Shelter, in case of a disaster that needs
shelter.

104
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:57,000
Food, in case of a disaster that needs food,
what will you do?

105
00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:02,000
Health services, in case of a disaster that
requires emergency health services or that

106
00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:06,000
results in a disruption of existing services,
what will you do?

107
00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:14,000
So you feature activities that show what you
will do for each of these areas in case they are

108
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:21,000
needed in an emergency disaster situation.

109
00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:29,000
When you make a plan based on these capabilities,
the 5 capabilities mentioned, this is called Capability

110
00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:30,000
Based Planning.

111
00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:46,000
When taken together, the sum total of capabilities
is what is described as 'capacity'.

112
00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:54,000
These planning capabilities have been used as the 
basis for developing new strategic objectives and

113
00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:55,000
the operational objectives.

114
00:11:55,000 --> 00:12:07,000
They are contained is an electronic planning
template called 'the SOA Library.'

115
00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:14,000
In this extension activity, try and refer
to the SPHERE manual and map the strategic

116
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:20,000
and operational objectives to the response
areas that are prescribed in the SPHERE manual.

117
00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:26,000
You will see that they match, however, they
have been revised and enhanced to include

118
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:31,000
issues that were left out and to make them
relevant to the Eastern Africa region.

119
00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:50,000
Have a brief exercise to check on this.

120
00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:55,000
Start with the capability on general response
management and browse.

121
00:12:55,000 --> 00:13:01,000
Thereafter, look at water and sanitation and
see how the strategic and operational objectives

122
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:05,000
are matched to the major strategic and operational
areas prescribed in the SPHERE standards.