[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to reimagine\Nhow life is organized on earth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of the planet like\Na human body that we inhabit.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The skeleton is the transportation system\Nof roads and railways,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bridges and tunnels,\Nair and seaports
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enable our mobility\Nacross the contient.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vascular system\Nthat powers the body
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with oil and gas pipelines\Nthat distribute energy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the nervous system\Nof communications
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the internet cables,\Nsatellites, cellular networks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and data centers that allow\Nus to share information.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This ever-expanding infrastructural matrix\Nof 64 million kilometers of roads,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4 million kilometers of railways,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2 million kilometers of pipelines,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 1 million kilometers\Nof internet cables.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about international borders?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have less than\N500,000 kilometers of borders.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's build a better map\Nof the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can start by overcoming\Nsome ancient mythology.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a saying with which\Nall students of history are familiar:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Geography is destiny."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sounds so grave, doesn't it?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's such a fatalistic adage.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It tells us that landlocked countries\Nare condemned to be poor,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that small countries cannot escape\Ntheir larger neighbors,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that vast distances are insurmountable.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But every journey I take \Naround the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see an even greater force\Nsweeping the planet:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connectivity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The global connectivity revolution,\Nin all of its forms --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transportation, energy\Nand communications--
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has enabled such a quantum leap\Nin the mobility of people,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of goods, of resources,\Nof knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such that we can no longer think\Nof geography as distinct from it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I view the two forces\Nas fusing together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into what I call connectography.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Connectography represents\Na quantum leap
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the mobility of people, resources\Nand ideas,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is an evolution,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an evolution of the world from \Npolitical geography,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is how we legally divide\Nthe world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to functional geography,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is how we actually\Nuse the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from nations and borders,\Nto infrastructure and supply chains.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our global system is evolving
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the vertically integrated\Nempires of the 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the horizontally,\Ninterdependent nations
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 20th century,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a global network civilization\Nin the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Connectivity, not sovereignty, \Nhas become
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the organizing principle\Nof the human species.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are becoming this global network\Ncivilization
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we are literally building it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of the world's defense budgets\Nand military spending
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taken together total just under\N2 trillion dollars per year.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, our global infrastructure\Nspending is projected to rise
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 9 trillion dollars per year\Nwithin the coming decade.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, well, it should.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have been living off\Nan infrastructure stock
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meant for a world population\Nof 3 billion,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as our population has crossed\N7 billion to 8 billion
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually 9 billion and more.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a rule of thumb, we should spend\Nabout 1 trillion dollars
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the basic infrastructure needs\Nof every billion people in the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not surprisingly, Asia is in the lead.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2015, China announced the creation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Asia Infrastructure \Nand Investment Bank,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which together with a network\Nof other organizations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aims to construct a network\Nof iron and silk roads,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stretching from Shanghai to Lisbon.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as all of this topographical\Nengineering unfolds,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will likely spend more \Non infrastrucutre
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the nest 40 years,\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will build more infrastructure\Nin the next 40 years,\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we have in the last 4,000 years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's stop and think about it\Nfor a little minute.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spending so much more\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on building the foundations\Nof global society
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than on the tools\Nto destroy it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can have profound consequences.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Connectivity is how we optimize\Nthe distribution
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people and resources\Naround the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is how mankind comes to be more\Nthan just the sum of its parts.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that is what is happening.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Connectivity has a twin megatrend\Nin the the 21st century:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planetary urbanization.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities are the infrastructures\Nthat most define us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2030, more than two thirds\Nof the world's population
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will live in cities.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are not mere dots\Non the map,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are vast archepelagos\Nstretching hundreds of kilomters.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we are in Vancouver,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the head of the Cascadia Corridor\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stretches south across the US border\Nto Seattle.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The technology powerhouse \Nof SIlicon Valley
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,begins north of San Francisco\Ndown to San Jose
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and across the bay to Oakland.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sprawl of Los Angeles\Nnow passes San Diego
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across the Mexican border\Nto Tijuana.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,San Diego and Tijuana\Nnow share an airport terminal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you can exit into either country.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, a high-speed rail network\Nmay connect the entire Pacific spine.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America's northeastern megalopolis\Nbegins in Boston through New York
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Philadelphia to Washingotn.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It contains more than 50 million people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also has plans for a high-speed\Nrail network.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Asia is where we really see\Nthe magacities coming together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This continous strip of light\Nfrom Tokyo through Negoya
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Osaka contains \Nmore than 80 million people,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of Japan's economy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the world's largest megacity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For now.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in China, megacity clusters\Nare coming together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with populations reaching\N100 million people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Yangtze River Delta\Naround Shanghai
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Pearl River Delta,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stretching from Hong Kong\Nto ?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the middle,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ? mgacity,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose geographic footprint\Nis almost the same size
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the country of Austria.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And any number of these\Nmegacity clusters
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a GDP approaching\N2 trillion dollars,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's almost the same\Nof all of India today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine if our global diplomatic\Ninstitutions like the G20
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were to base their membership\Nof economic size
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than national representation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some Chinese megacities may be in\Nand have a seat at the table,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while entire countries,\Nlike Argentina and Indonesia may be out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moving to India, whose population\Nwill soon exceed that of China,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it too has a number of megacity clusters,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the Delhi capital region\Nand Mumbai.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Middle East, greater Tehran\Nis absorbing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one third of Iran's population.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of Egypt's 30 million people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,live in the corridor between\NCairo and Alexandria.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the gulf, a necklace\Nof citystates if forming,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Bahrain to Qatar,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the United Arab Emirates\Nthrough Muscat in Oman.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's Lagos,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa's largest city\Nand Nigeria's commerical hub.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has plans for a rail network\Nthat will make it the anchor
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a vast Atlantic coastal corridor,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stretching across Benin,\NTogo and Ghana,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Abidjan, the capital\Nof the Ivory Coast.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these countries\Nare suburbs of Lagos.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the megacity world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries can be suburbs of cities.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2030, we will have as many \Nas 50 such megacity clusters
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So which map tells you more?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our traditional map of 200 discret nations\Nthat hang on most of our wallls,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or this map of the 50 megacity clusters?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, even this is incomplete
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you cannot understand\Nany individual megacity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without understanding its connections\Nto the others.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People move to cities to be connected,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and connectivity is \Nwhy these cities thrive.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any number of them such as Sao Paolo\Nor Istanbul or Moscow
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a GDP approaching or exceeding\None third of one half
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their entire national GDP.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But equally importantly,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cannot calculate any of their\Nindividual value
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without understanding the role\Nof the flows of people,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of finance, of technology
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enable them to thrive.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the Gauteng province\Nof South Africa,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which contains Johannesburg\Nand the capital Pretoria.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It too represents just over\Na third of South Africa's GDP.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Equally importantly, it is home\Nto the offices
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of almost every single multinational\Ncorporation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that invests directly into South Africa
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indeed, into the entire\NAfrican continent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities want to be part\Nof global value chains.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to be part \Nof this global division of labor.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is how cities think.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've never met a mayor\Nwho said to me,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I want my city to be cut off"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know that their cities\Nbelong as much
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the global network civilization\Nas to their home countries.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for many people, urbanization\Ncauses great dismay.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They think cities are wrecking the planet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But right now, there are more \Nthan
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200 intercity learning networks thriving.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is as many as the\Nintergovernmental organizations
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of these intercity networks\Nare devoted to one purpose,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mankind's number one priority\Nin the 21st century:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sustainable urbanization.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it working?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take climate change.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that summit after summit\Nin New York and Paris
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not going to reduce\Ngreenhouse gas emissions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we can see is that\Ntransffering technology
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and knowledge and policies\Nbetween cities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how we've actually begun\Nto reduce
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the carbon intensity of our economies.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities are learning from each other.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How to install zero-emissions buildings,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to deploy electric car-sharing systems.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In major Chinese cities, they're imposing\Nquotas
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the number of cars on the streets.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many Western cities,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young people don't even \Nwant to drive anymore.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities have been part of the problem,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now they are part of the solution.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inequality is the other great challenge\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to achieving sustainable urbanization.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I travel through megacities\Nfrom end to end,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes hours and days,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I experience the tragedy\Nof extreme disparity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the same geography.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, our global stock\Nof financial assets
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has never been larger,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,approaching 300 trillion dollars.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's almost four times\Nthe actual GDP of the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have taken on such\Nenormous debts
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the financial crisis,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but have we invested them\Nin inclusive growth?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, not yet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only when we build sufficient,\Naffordable public housing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we invest in robust\Ntransportation networks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to allow people to connect\Nto each other
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both physically and digitally,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's when our divided cities\Nand societies
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will come to feel whole again.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is why infrastructure\Nhas just been included
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United Nations \NSustainable Development Goals,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it enables all the others.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our political and economic leaders
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are learning that connectivity\Nis not charity,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's an opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why our financial community\Nneeds to undestand
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that connectivity is the most\Nimportant asset class of the 21st centiry.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, cities can make the world\Nmore sustainable,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can make the world\Nmore equitable,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also believe that connectivity\Nbetween cities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can make the world\Nmore peaceful.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at regions of the world\Nwith dense relations across borders,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see more trade, more investment,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more stability.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all know the sotry of\NEurope after WWII,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where industrial integration\Nkicked off a process
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gave rise today's peaceful\NEuropean Union.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see that Russia,\Nby the way,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the least connected \Nof major powers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the internaitonla system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that goes a long way\Ntowards explaining
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tensions today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Countries that have less stake\Nin the system
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also have less to loose\Nin disturbing it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In North America, the lines\Nthat matter most on the map
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not the US-Canada border\Nor the US-Mexico border,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the dense network of roads\Nand railways and pipelines
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and electricity grids\Nand even water canals
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are forming an integrated\NNorth American union.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,North America does not need\Nmore walls,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it needs more connections.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the real promise of connectivity\Nis in the post-colonial world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of those regions where borders\Nhave historically been
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most arbitrary
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where generations of leaders\Nhave had hostile relations with each other,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now a new group of leaders\Nhas come into power
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is burying the hatchet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take Southeast Asia,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where high-speed rail networks\Nare planned
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to connect Bangkok to Singapore
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trade corridors from Vietnam\Nto Myanmar.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this region of 600 million people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coordinates its agricultural resources\Nand its
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its industrial output.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is evolving into what I call\Na Pax Asiana,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a peace among Southeast Asian nations.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A similar phenomenon\Nis underway in East Africa,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a half dozen countries\Nare investing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in railways and multimodal corridors
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that landlocked countries\Ncan get their goods to market.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these countries coordinate\Ntheir utilities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their investment policies.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They, too, are evolving\Ninto a Pax Africana.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One region we know that could\Nespecially use this kind of thinking\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Arab states tragically collapse,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is left behind but\Nthe ancient cities,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as Cairo, Beirut\Nand Baghdad.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the nearly 400 million people\Nof the Arab world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are almost entirely urbanized.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As societies, as cities,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are either water rich or water poor,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy rich or energy poor.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the only way to correct\Nthese mismatches
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not through more wars\Nand more borders,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but through more connectivity\Nof pipelines and water canals.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sadly, this is not yet the map\Nof the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it should be,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a connected Pax Arabia,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,internally integrated and\Nproductively connected
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to its neighbors: Europe, Asia\Nand Africa.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it may not seem like\Nconnectivity is what we want right now
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards the world's most turbulent region.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we know from history \Nthat more connectivity is the only way
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring out stability in the long run,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we know that in region after region,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connectivity is the new reality.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities and countries are learning\Nto aggregate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into more peaceful and prosperous wholes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the real test is going to be Asia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can connectivity overcome\Nthe patterns of rivarly
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,among the far east.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, this is where\NWorld War III
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is supposed to break out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the end of the Cold War,\Na quarter-century ago,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least 6 major wars have been\Npredicted for this region.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But none have broken out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take China and Taiwan.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1990s, this was everyone's \Nleading WWIII scenario.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But since that time,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the trade and investment volumes\Nacross the straits
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have become so intense that last November,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaders from both sides\Nheld a historic summit
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discuss eventual peaceful\Nreunification.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even the election of\Na Nationalist party in Taiwan
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's pro-independence \Nearlier this year
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not undermine\Nthis fundamental dynamic.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China and Japan have an even \Nlonger history of rivalry
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have been deploying their \Nair forces and navies
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show their strength\Nin island disputes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in recent years, Japan\Nhas been making
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its largest foreign investments\Nin China.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Japanese cars are selling\Nin record numbers there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And guess where the largest number\Nof foreigners
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,residing in Japan today\Ncomes from?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You guessed it: China.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China and India have fought\Na major war
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have three outstanding\Nborder disputes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but today India is the second largest\Nshareholder
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Asia Infrastructure\NInvestment Bank.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their building a trade corridor\Nstretching from Northeast India
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through Myanmar and Bangladesh\Nto Southern China.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their trade volume has grown\Nfrom 20 billion dollars a decade ago
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 80 billion dollars today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nuclear-armed Indian and Pakistan\Nhave fought three wars