[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.08,0:00:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1956, a documentary by Jacques Cousteau
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.46,0:00:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won both the Palme d'Or\Nand an Oscar award.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.04,0:00:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This film was called\N"Le monde du silence,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.93,0:00:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "The silent world."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.61,0:00:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The premise of the title was\Nthe underwater world was a quiet world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.51,0:00:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now know, 60 years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.03,0:00:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the underwater world\Nis anything but silent.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.90,0:00:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although the sounds\Nare inaudible above water,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.91,0:00:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending upon where you are\Nand the time of year,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.25,0:00:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the underwater soundscape can be\Nas noisy as any jungle or rain forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.42,0:01:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Invertebrates, like snapping shrimp,\Nfish, and marine mammals all use sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.88,0:01:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They use sound to study their habitat,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.80,0:01:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep in communication\Nwith each other, to navigate,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.44,0:01:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to detect predators and prey.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.86,0:01:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also use sound by listening\Nto know something about their environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.19,0:01:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take, for an example, the Arctic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.78,0:01:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's considered a vast,\Ninhospitable place,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.99,0:01:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes describes as a desert,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.44,0:01:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is so cold, and so remote,\Nand ice-covered for much of the year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.44,0:01:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite this, there is no place on earth\Nthat I would rather be than the Arctic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.25,0:01:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially as days lengthen\Nand spring comes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.50,0:01:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me, the Arctic\Nreally embodies this disconnect
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.92,0:01:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between what we see on the surface,\Nand what's going on underwater.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.59,0:01:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can look out across the ice\N- all white, and blue, and cold -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.59,0:02:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.65,0:02:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you could hear underwater,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.30,0:02:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sounds you would hear\Nwould at first amaze and then delight you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.92,0:02:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While your eyes are seeing nothing\Nfor kilometers but ice,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.66,0:02:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your ears are telling you that out there
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.17,0:02:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are bowhead and beluga whales,\Nwalruses, and bearded seals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.54,0:02:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ice too make sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.63,0:02:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It screeches, and cracks, and pops,\Nand groans as it collides and rubs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.02,0:02:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when temperature,\Nor currents, or winds change.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.12,0:02:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And under 100% sea ice,\Nin the dead of winter,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.61,0:02:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bowhead whales are singing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.18,0:02:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You would never expect that,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.38,0:02:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we humans,\Nwe tend to be very visual animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.50,0:02:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For most of us, but not all,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.35,0:02:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our sense of sight is\Nhow we navigate our world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.54,0:02:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For marine mammals that live underwater,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.46,0:03:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where chemical cues\Nand light transmit poorly,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.49,0:03:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sound is the sense by which they see.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.80,0:03:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sound transmits very well underwater,\Nmuch better than it does in air.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.92,0:03:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So signals can be heard\Nover great distances.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.50,0:03:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Arctic, this is\Nespecially important
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.69,0:03:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because not only do Arctic marine mammals\Nhave to hear each other
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.42,0:03:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they also have to listen\Nfor cues in the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.79,0:03:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might indicate\Nheavy ice ahead or open water.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.18,0:03:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, although they spend\Nmost of their lives underwater,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.70,0:03:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are mammals,\Nso they have to surface to breathe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.81,0:03:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might listen for thin ice or no ice
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.75,0:03:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or listen for echoes off nearby ice.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.29,0:03:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arctic marine mammals live in a rich\Nand varied underwater soundscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.17,0:03:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the spring, it can be\Na cacophony of sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.50,0:03:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Buzzing, whizzing, squeaking,\Nwhistling, wailing sounds)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.22,0:04:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when the ice is frozen solid,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.29,0:04:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's no big temperature shifts\Nor current changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.89,0:04:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the underwater Arctic has\Nsome of the lowest ambient noise levels
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.49,0:04:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the world's oceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.46,0:04:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Climate change and decreases\Nin sea ice are also altering
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.41,0:04:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the underwater soundscape of the Arctic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.87,0:04:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a direct result\Nof human greenhouse gas emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.45,0:04:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are, in effect, with climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.25,0:04:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conducting a completely\Nuncontrolled experiment with our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.71,0:04:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the past 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.89,0:04:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,areas of the Arctic have seen\Ndecreases in seasonal sea ice
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.69,0:04:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from anywhere\Nfrom six weeks to four months.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.56,0:05:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This decrease in sea ice\Nis sometimes referred to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.28,0:05:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an increase in the open water season,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.16,0:05:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is the time of year\Nwhen the Arctic is navigable to vessels.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.31,0:05:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only is the extent of ice changing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.84,0:05:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the age and the width of ice is too.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.30,0:05:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may well have heard\Nthat a decrease in seasonal sea ice
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.38,0:05:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is causing loss of habitat\Nfor animals that rely on sea ice
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.17,0:05:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as ice seals,\Nor walruses, or polar bears.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.56,0:05:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decreasing sea ice is also causing\Nincreased erosion along coastal villages
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.33,0:05:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changing prey availability\Nfor marine birds and mammals.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.92,0:05:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Climate change and decreases\Nin sea ice are also altering
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.56,0:05:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the underwater soundscape of the Arctic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.04,0:05:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I mean by soundscape?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.64,0:05:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those of us who eavesdrop\Non the oceans for a living
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.64,0:05:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use instruments called hydrophones,\Nwhich are underwater microphones.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.89,0:05:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We record ambient noise,\Nthe noise all around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.90,0:06:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The soundscape describes\Nthe different contributors
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.18,0:06:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this noise field.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.79,0:06:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we are hearing on our hydrophones
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.40,0:06:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the very real sounds\Nof climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.47,0:06:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are hearing these changes\Nfrom three fronts:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.89,0:06:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the air, from the water,\Nand from land.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.11,0:06:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First: air.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.76,0:06:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wind on water creates waves.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.36,0:06:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These waves make bubbles,\Nthe bubbles break.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.54,0:06:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they do, they make noise,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.47,0:06:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this noise is like a hiss\Nor a static in the background.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.88,0:06:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Arctic, when it's ice-covered,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.97,0:06:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of the noise from wind\Ndoesn't make it into the water column
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.72,0:06:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the ice acts as a buffer\Nbetween the atmosphere and the water.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.55,0:06:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one of the reasons that the Arctic\Ncan have very low ambient noise levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.32,0:06:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with decreases in seasonal sea ice,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.05,0:06:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only is the Arctic now open\Nto this wave noise
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.15,0:07:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the number of storms\Nand the intensity of storms
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.91,0:07:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Arctic have been increasing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.30,0:07:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of this is raising noise levels\Nin a previously quiet ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.27,0:07:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second: water.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.61,0:07:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With less seasonal sea ice,\Nsub-Arctic species are moving north
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.66,0:07:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and taking advantage of new habitat\Nthat is created by more open water.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.58,0:07:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arctic whales, like this bowhead,\Nhave no dorsal fin.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.42,0:07:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they have evolved\Nto live and swim in ice-covered waters.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.17,0:07:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having something sticking off of your back
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.38,0:07:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not very conducive\Nto migrating through ice,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.39,0:07:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and may, in fact, be excluding\Nanimals from the ice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.60,0:07:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, everywhere we've listened,\Nwe're hearing the sounds
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.60,0:07:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of fin whales, humpback whales,\Nand killer whales,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.01,0:07:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,further and further north
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.36,0:07:54.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and later and later in the season.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.100,0:08:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are hearing, in essence, an invasion\Nof the Arctic by sub-Arctic species,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.74,0:08:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't know what this means.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.97,0:08:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will there be competition for food\Nbetween Arctic and sub-Arctic animals?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.11,0:08:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Might these sub-Arctic species introduce\Ndiseases or parasites into the Arctic?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.97,0:08:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the new sounds\Nthat they are producing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.02,0:08:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing to the soundscape underwater?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.73,0:08:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third: land.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.81,0:08:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By land, I mean people.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.24,0:08:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More open water means\Nincreased human use of the Arctic.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.84,0:08:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just this past summer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.32,0:08:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a massive cruise ship made its way\Nthrough The Northwest Passage,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.35,0:08:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the once mythical route\Nbetween Europe and the Pacific.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.80,0:08:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decreases in sea ice have allowed humans\Nto occupy the Arctic more often.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.70,0:08:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has allowed increases\Nin oil and gas exploration and extraction,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.25,0:08:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the potential for commercial shipping,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.85,0:08:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as increased tourism.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.00,0:09:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now know that ship noise increases\Nlevels of stress hormones in whales
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.93,0:09:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can disrupt feeding behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.67,0:09:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Air guns, which produce
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.38,0:09:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loud, low-frequency 'whoomps'\Nevery 10 - 20 seconds,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.48,0:09:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change the swimming\Nand vocal behavior of whales.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.32,0:09:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of these sound sources\Nare decreasing the acoustic space
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.05,0:09:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over which Arctic marine mammals\Ncan communicate.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.29,0:09:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arctic marine mammals\Nare used to very high levels of noise
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.02,0:09:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at certain times of the year,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.83,0:09:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is primarily\Nfrom other animals or from sea ice.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.74,0:09:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the sounds\Nwith which they've evolved,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.37,0:09:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are sounds\Nthat are vital to their very survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.12,0:09:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These new sounds are loud,\Nand they are alien.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.82,0:09:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might impact the environment\Nin ways that we think we understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.94,0:09:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also in ways that we don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.66,0:09:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, sound is the most\Nimportant sense for these animals;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.28,0:10:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not only is the physical habitat\Nof the Arctic changing rapidly
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.97,0:10:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the acoustic habitat is, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.72,0:10:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's as if we plucked these animals up\Nfrom the quiet countryside
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.35,0:10:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dropped them into a big city\Nin the middle of rush hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.08,0:10:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can't escape it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.06,0:10:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can we do now?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.03,0:10:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't decrease wind speeds
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.68,0:10:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or keep sub-Arctic animals\Nfrom migrating north,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.85,0:10:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we can work on local solutions\Nto reducing human-caused underwater noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.05,0:10:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of these solutions\Nis to slow down ships
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.40,0:10:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that traverse the Arctic,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.22,0:10:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a slower ship is a quieter ship.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.14,0:10:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can restrict access\Nin seasons and regions
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.88,0:10:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are important for mating,\Nor feeding, or migrating.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.95,0:10:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can get smarter about quieting ships
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.16,0:10:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find better ways\Nto explore the ocean bottom.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.12,0:10:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The good news is there are people\Nworking on this right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.75,0:11:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But ultimately, we humans\Nhave to do the hard work
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.07,0:11:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of reversing, or at the very least,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.95,0:11:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decelerating human-caused\Natmospheric changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.96,0:11:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's return to this idea\Nof a silent world underwater.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.38,0:11:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's entirely possible
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.12,0:11:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many of the whales\Nswimming in the Arctic today,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.41,0:11:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially long-lived species\Nlike the bowhead whale
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.96,0:11:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- that the Inuit say\Ncan live two human lives -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.74,0:11:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's possible that these whales\Nwere alive in 1956
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.42,0:11:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Jacques Cousteau made his film.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.45,0:11:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In retrospect, considering all the noise\Nwe are creating in the oceans today,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.02,0:11:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps it really was "The silent world."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.98,0:11:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.39,0:11:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)