[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.84,0:00:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cancer affects all of us --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.04,0:00:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially the ones that come\Nback over and over again,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.44,0:00:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the highly invasive\Nand drug-resistant ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.46,0:00:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ones that defy medical treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.86,0:00:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even when we throw our best drugs at them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.25,0:00:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Engineering at the molecular level,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.19,0:00:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working at the smallest of scales,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.86,0:00:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can provide exciting new ways
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.41,0:00:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fight the most aggressive\Nforms of cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.26,0:00:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cancer is a very clever disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.35,0:00:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some forms of cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.95,0:00:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, fortunately, we've learned\Nhow to address relatively well
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.71,0:00:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with known and established\Ndrugs and surgery.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.63,0:00:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are some forms of cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.63,0:00:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that don't respond to these approaches,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.88,0:00:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the tumor survives or comes back,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.54,0:00:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after an onslaught of drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.05,0:00:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can think of these\Nvery aggressive forms of cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.07,0:00:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as kind of supervillains in a comic book.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.46,0:01:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're clever, they're adaptable,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.18,0:01:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're very good at staying alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.74,0:01:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, like most supervillains these days,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.100,0:01:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their superpowers come\Nfrom a genetic mutation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.74,0:01:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The genes that are modified\Ninside these tumor cells
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.71,0:01:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can enable and encode for new\Nand unimagined modes of survival,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.100,0:01:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowing the cancer cell to live through
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.50,0:01:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even our best chemotherapy treatments.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.79,0:01:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One example is a trick\Nin which a gene allows a cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.32,0:01:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even as the drug approaches the cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.39,0:01:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to push the drug out,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.85,0:01:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before the drug can have any effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.05,0:01:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine -- the cell effectively\Nspits out the drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.39,0:01:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just one example\Nof the many genetic tricks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.35,0:01:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the bag of our supervillain, cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.97,0:01:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All due to mutant genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.82,0:01:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.100,0:01:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a supervillain\Nwith incredible superpowers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.46,0:02:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we need a new and powerful\Nmode of attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.70,0:02:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, we can turn off a gene.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.33,0:02:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key is a set of molecules\Nknown as siRNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.14,0:02:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,siRNA are short sequences of genetic code
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.25,0:02:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that guide a cell to block a certain gene.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.98,0:02:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each siRNA molecule\Ncan turn off a specific gene
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.58,0:02:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.29,0:02:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For many years since its discovery,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.34,0:02:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists have been very excited
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.31,0:02:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how we can apply\Nthese gene blockers in medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.22,0:02:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, there is a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.96,0:02:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,siRNA works well inside the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.85,0:02:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if it gets exposed to the enzymes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.87,0:02:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reside in our bloodstream\Nor our tissues,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.40,0:02:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it degrades within seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.77,0:02:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to be packaged, protected\Nthrough its journey through the body
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.11,0:02:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on its way to the final target\Ninside the cancer cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.74,0:02:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here's our strategy:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.47,0:02:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we'll dose the cancer cell\Nwith siRNA, the gene blocker,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.30,0:02:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and silence those survival genes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.92,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we'll whop it with a chemo drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.50,0:03:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how do we carry that out?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.76,0:03:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using molecular engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.70,0:03:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can actually design a superweapon
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.65,0:03:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can travel through the bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.92,0:03:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to be tiny enough\Nto get through the bloodstream,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.94,0:03:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's got to be small enough\Nto penetrate the tumor tissue
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.37,0:03:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's got to be tiny enough\Nto be taken up inside the cancer cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.05,0:03:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To do this job well,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.68,0:03:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has to be about one one-hundredth\Nthe size of a human hair.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.22,0:03:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a closer look\Nat how we can build this nanoparticle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.15,0:03:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, let's start\Nwith the nanoparticle core.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.57,0:03:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a tiny capsule that contains\Nthe chemotherapy drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.09,0:03:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the poison that will\Nactually end the tumor cell's life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.15,0:03:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around this core, we'll wrap a very thin,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.96,0:03:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nanometers-thin blanket of siRNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.82,0:03:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is our gene blocker.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.09,0:04:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because siRNA is strongly\Nnegatively charged,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.71,0:04:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can protect it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.29,0:04:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a nice, protective layer\Nof positively charged polymer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.50,0:04:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The two oppositely charged\Nmolecules stick together
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.78,0:04:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through charge attraction,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.24,0:04:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that provides us\Nwith a protective layer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.40,0:04:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that prevents the siRNA\Nfrom degrading in the bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.11,0:04:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're almost done.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.43,0:04:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.91,0:04:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is one more big obstacle\Nwe have to think about.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.02,0:04:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it may be the biggest\Nobstacle of all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.43,0:04:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we deploy this superweapon?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.43,0:04:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, every good weapon\Nneeds to be targeted,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.01,0:04:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to target this superweapon\Nto the supervillain cells
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.10,0:04:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reside in the tumor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.07,0:04:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our bodies have a natural\Nimmune-defense system:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.92,0:04:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cells that reside in the bloodstream
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.89,0:04:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pick out things that don't belong,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.26,0:04:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it can destroy or eliminate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.58,0:04:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And guess what? Our nanoparticle\Nis considered a foreign object.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.72,0:04:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to sneak our nanoparticle\Npast the tumor defense system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.84,0:05:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to get it past this mechanism\Nof getting rid of the foreign object,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.12,0:05:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by disguising it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.56,0:05:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we add one more\Nnegatively charged layer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.93,0:05:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around this nanoparticle,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.28,0:05:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which serves two purposes:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.14,0:05:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, this outer layer is one\Nof the naturally charged,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.13,0:05:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,highly hydrated polysaccharides\Nthat resides in our body.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.46,0:05:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It creates a cloud of water molecules\Naround the nanoparticle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.31,0:05:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gives us an invisibility\Ncloaking effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.26,0:05:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This invisibility cloak allows\Nthe nanoparticle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.100,0:05:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to travel through the bloodstream
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.63,0:05:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long and far enough to reach the tumor,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.42,0:05:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without getting eliminated by the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.12,0:05:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, this layer contains molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.54,0:05:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which bind specifically to our tumor cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.19,0:05:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once bound, the cancer cell\Ntakes up the nanoparticle,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.73,0:05:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now we have our nanoparticle\Ninside the cancer cell
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.13,0:05:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ready to deploy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.30,0:06:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright! I feel the same way. Let's go!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.56,0:06:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.06,0:06:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The siRNA is deployed first.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.29,0:06:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It acts for hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.94,0:06:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving enough time to silence\Nand block those survival genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.40,0:06:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have now disabled\Nthose genetic superpowers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.72,0:06:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What remains is a cancer cell\Nwith no special defenses.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.98,0:06:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, the chemotherapy drug\Ncomes out of the core
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.90,0:06:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and destroys the tumor cell\Ncleanly and efficiently.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.23,0:06:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With sufficient gene blockers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.59,0:06:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can address many\Ndifferent kinds of mutations,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.82,0:06:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowing the chance to sweep out tumors,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.21,0:06:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without leaving behind any bad guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.81,0:06:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how does our strategy work?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.54,0:06:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've tested these nanostructure\Nparticles in animals
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.53,0:06:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using a highly aggressive form\Nof triple-negative breast cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.14,0:06:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This triple-negative breast cancer\Nexhibits the gene
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.71,0:07:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that spits out cancer drug\Nas soon as it is delivered.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.74,0:07:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually, doxorubicin -- let's call\Nit "dox" -- is the cancer drug
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.94,0:07:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is the first line of treatment\Nfor breast cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.18,0:07:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we first treated our animals\Nwith a dox core, dox only.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.66,0:07:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tumor slowed their rate of growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.89,0:07:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they still grew rapidly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.36,0:07:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doubling in size\Nover a period of two weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.30,0:07:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, we tried\Nour combination superweapon.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.42,0:07:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now layer a particle\Nwith siRNA against the chemo pump,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.85,0:07:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus, we have the dox in the core.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.87,0:07:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look -- we found that not only\Ndid the tumors stop growing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.21,0:07:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually decreased in size
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.75,0:07:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and were eliminated in some cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.19,0:07:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tumors were actually regressing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.86,0:07:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.82,0:08:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's great about this approach\Nis that it can be personalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.65,0:08:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can add many different layers of siRNA
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.51,0:08:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to address different mutations\Nand tumor defense mechanisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.09,0:08:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can put different drugs\Ninto the nanoparticle core.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.95,0:08:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As doctors learn how to test patients
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.18,0:08:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and understand certain\Ntumor genetic types,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.98,0:08:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can help us determine which patients\Ncan benefit from this strategy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.74,0:08:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which gene blockers we can use.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.41,0:08:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ovarian cancer strikes\Na special chord with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.34,0:08:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a very aggressive cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.33,0:08:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in part because it's discovered\Nat very late stages,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.24,0:08:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it's highly advanced
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.71,0:08:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are a number\Nof genetic mutations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.57,0:08:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the first round of chemotherapy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.58,0:08:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this cancer comes back\Nfor 75 percent of patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.33,0:08:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it usually comes back\Nin a drug-resistant form.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.22,0:08:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,High-grade ovarian cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.93,0:08:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the biggest\Nsupervillains out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.12,0:08:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're now directing our superweapon
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.06,0:08:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,toward its defeat.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.38,0:09:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a researcher,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.66,0:09:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I usually don't get to work with patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.16,0:09:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I recently met a mother
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.60,0:09:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is an ovarian cancer survivor,\NMimi, and her daughter, Paige.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.26,0:09:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was deeply inspired\Nby the optimism and strength
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.38,0:09:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that both mother and daughter displayed,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.50,0:09:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by their story of courage and support.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.12,0:09:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this event, we spoke\Nabout the different technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.55,0:09:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directed at cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.36,0:09:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Mimi was in tears
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.69,0:09:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as she explained how learning\Nabout these efforts
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.54,0:09:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives her hope for future generations,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.77,0:09:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including her own daughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.45,0:09:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really touched me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.52,0:09:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just about building\Nreally elegant science.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.14,0:09:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about changing people's lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.33,0:09:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about understanding\Nthe power of engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.56,0:09:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the scale of molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.47,0:09:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that as students like Paige\Nmove forward in their careers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.58,0:09:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll open new possibilities
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.04,0:10:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addressing some of the big\Nhealth problems in the world --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.46,0:10:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including ovarian cancer, neurological\Ndisorders, infectious disease --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.10,0:10:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as chemical engineering has\Nfound a way to open doors for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.44,0:10:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has provided a way of engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.10,0:10:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the tiniest scale -- that\Nof molecules --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.65,0:10:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to heal on the human scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.80,0:10:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.98,0:10:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)