[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.100,0:00:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cancer affects all of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.20,0:00:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially the ones that come back\Nover and over again.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.52,0:00:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The highly invasive \Nand drug-resistant ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.54,0:00:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ones that defy medical treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.91,0:00:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even when we throw our best drugs at them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.44,0:00:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Engineering at the molecular level,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.36,0:00:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working at the smallest of scales,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.04,0:00:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can provide exciting new ways
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.50,0:00:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fight the most aggressive\Nforms of cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.49,0:00:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cancer is a very clever disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.99,0:00:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some forms of cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.04,0:00:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, fortunately, we've learned\Nhow to address relatively well
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.94,0:00:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with known and established drugs\Nand surgery.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.84,0:00:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, there's some forms of cancer\Nthat don't respond
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.39,0:00:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these approaches
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.12,0:00:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the tumor survives\Nor comes back,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.72,0:00:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after an onslaught of drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.32,0:00:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can think of these\Nvery aggresive forms of cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.33,0:00:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as kind of super villains in a comic book.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.68,0:01:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're clever, they're adaptable,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.48,0:01:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're very good at staying alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.06,0:01:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, like most super villains\Nthese days,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.29,0:01:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their super powers come from\Na genetic mutation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.98,0:01:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The genes that are modified\Ninside these tumor cells
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.88,0:01:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can enable and encode for new\Nand unimagined modes of survival,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.22,0:01:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowing the cancer cell\Nto live through
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.64,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even our best chemotherapy treatments.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One example is a trick \Nin which a gene allows a cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.53,0:01:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even as the drug\Napproaches the cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.60,0:01:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to push the drug out before the drug\Ncan have any effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.31,0:01:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine the cell effectively\Nspits out the drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.60,0:01:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just one example\Nof the many genetic tricks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.58,0:01:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the bag of our super villain, cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.20,0:01:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All due to mutant genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.10,0:01:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we have a super villain\Nwith incredible super powers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.72,0:02:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need a new and \Npowerful mode of attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.90,0:02:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, we can turn off a gene,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.53,0:02:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the key is a set of molecules\Nknown as siRNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.38,0:02:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,siRNA are short sequences\Nof genetic code
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.42,0:02:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that guide a cell to block\Na certain gene.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.20,0:02:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each siRNA molecule\Ncan turn off a specific gene
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.58,0:02:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.45,0:02:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For many years since its discovery,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.50,0:02:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists have been very excited
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.47,0:02:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how we can apply\Nthese gene blockers in medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.44,0:02:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, there is a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.18,0:02:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,siRNA works well inside the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.04,0:02:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if it gets exposed to the enzymes\Nthat reside
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.50,0:02:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our bloodstream or our tissues,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.54,0:02:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it degrades within seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.77,0:02:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to be packaged, protected\Nthrough its journey through the body
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.32,0:02:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on its way to the final target\Ninside the cancer cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.08,0:02:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here's our strategy:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.66,0:02:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first, we'll dose the cancer cell\Nwith siRNA, the gene blocker,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.12,0:03:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and silence those survival genes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.05,0:03:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'll we'll whap it\Nwith a chemo drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.72,0:03:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how do we carry that out?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.88,0:03:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using molecular engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.82,0:03:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can actually design \Na super weapon
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.91,0:03:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can travel through the blood stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.92,0:03:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has to be tiny enough\Nthat it can get through the blood stream,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.07,0:03:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's got to be small enough\Nto penetrate the tumor tissue,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.80,0:03:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's got to be tiny enough\Nto be taken up
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.08,0:03:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside the cancer cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.24,0:03:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To do this job well, it has to be\Nabout one 100th the size
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.46,0:03:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a human hair.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.44,0:03:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a closer look\Nat how we can build this nanoparticle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.34,0:03:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, let's start with \Nthe nanoparticle core.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.80,0:03:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a tiny capsule that contains\Nthe chemotherapy drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.33,0:03:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the poison that will\Nactually end the tumor cell's life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.39,0:03:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around this core, we'll wrap\Na very thin,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.20,0:03:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nanometers-thin blanket\Nof siRNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.05,0:03:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is our gene blocker.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.09,0:04:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because siRNA is strongly\Nnegatively charged,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.45,0:04:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can protect it with a nice\Nprotect layer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.97,0:04:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of postively charged polymer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.66,0:04:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The two oppositely charged molecules\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.74,0:04:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stick together through charge attraction
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.45,0:04:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that provides us with \Na protective layer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.99,0:04:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that prevents the siRNA from\Ndegrading in the blood stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.30,0:04:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're almost done.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.95,0:04:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.27,0:04:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is one more big obstacle\Nwe have to think about.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.24,0:04:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it may be the biggest\Nobstacle of all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.66,0:04:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we deploy this super weapon?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.65,0:04:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, every good weapon\Nneeds to be targeted,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.23,0:04:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to target this super weapon\Nto the super villain cells
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.29,0:04:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reside in the tumor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.27,0:04:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, our bodies have a natural\Nimmune defense system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.03,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cells that reside in the blood stream
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pick out things that don't belong
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.58,0:04:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it can destroy or elinate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.90,0:04:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And guess that, our nanoparticle\Nis considered a foreign object.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.89,0:04:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to sneak our nanoparticle
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.80,0:04:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,past the tumor defense system,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.84,0:05:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to get it past this mechanism\Nof getting rid of the foreign object
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.39,0:05:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by disguising it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.04,0:05:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we add one more \Nnegatively charged layer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.19,0:05:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around this nanoparticle,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.54,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which serves two purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, this outer layer is one of\Nthe naturally charged,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.25,0:05:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,highly hydrated polysaccarides\Nthat resides in our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.46,0:05:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It creates a cloud of water molecules\Naround the nanoparticle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.45,0:05:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gives us \Nan invisibility cloaking affect.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.51,0:05:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This invisibility cloak allows\Nthe nanoparticle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.25,0:05:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to travel through the bloodstream\Nlong and far enough
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.08,0:05:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reach the tumor without getting\Neliminated by the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.73,0:05:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, this layer contains molecules\Nwhich bind specifically
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.12,0:05:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our tumor's cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.44,0:05:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once bound, the cancer cell takes up\Nthe nanoparticle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.83,0:05:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now we have our nanoparticle\Ninside the cancer cell
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.35,0:05:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ready to deploy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.56,0:06:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, I feel the same way,\Nlet's go.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.19,0:06:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.82,0:06:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The siRNA is deployed first.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.49,0:06:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It acts for hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.14,0:06:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving enough time to silence\Nand block those survival genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.67,0:06:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have now disabled those\Ngenetic superpowers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.96,0:06:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What remains is a cancer cell\Nwith no special defenses.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.14,0:06:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, the chemotherapy drug\Ncomes out of the core
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.07,0:06:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and destroys the tumor cell\Ncleanly and efficiently.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.48,0:06:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With sufficient gene blockers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.80,0:06:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can address many different kinds \Nof mutations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.82,0:06:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Allowing the chance to sweep out tumors,\Nwithout leaving behind any bad guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.02,0:06:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how does our strategy work?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.51,0:06:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've tested these\Nnanostructure particles in animals
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.76,0:06:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using a highly aggresive form\Nof triple negative breast cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.52,0:07:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This triple negative breast cancer\Nexhibits the gene
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.09,0:07:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that spits out cancer drugs\Nas soon as its delivered.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.92,0:07:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually, doxorubicin, \Nlet's call it dox,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.01,0:07:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the cancer drug that is \Nthe first line of treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.80,0:07:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for breast cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.54,0:07:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we first treated our animals\Nwith a dox core, dox only.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.97,0:07:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tumor slowed their rate of growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.13,0:07:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they still grew rapidly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.59,0:07:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doubling in size \Nover a period of two weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.95,0:07:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, we tried our \Ncombination super weapon.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.65,0:07:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now layer a particle\Nwith siRNA against the chemo pump,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.09,0:07:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus, we have the dox in the core.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.11,0:07:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look, we found that not only\Ndid the tumors stop growing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.56,0:07:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually decerased in size
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.96,0:07:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and were elimintaed \Nin some cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.39,0:07:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tumors were actually\Nregressing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.97,0:07:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.07,0:08:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's great about this approach\Nis that it can be personalized,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.90,0:08:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can add many different layers\Nof siRNA
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.58,0:08:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to address different mutations\Nand tumor defense mechanisms
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.20,0:08:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can put different drugs\Ninto the nanoparticle core.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.17,0:08:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As doctors learn how to test patients\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.50,0:08:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and understand \Ncertain tumor genetic types,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.16,0:08:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can help us determine\Nwhich patients
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.29,0:08:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can benefit from this strategy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.87,0:08:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which gene blockers we can use.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.70,0:08:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ovarian cancer strikes \Na special chord with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.58,0:08:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a very aggresive cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.58,0:08:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in part because it's discovered\Nat very late stages
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.32,0:08:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when its highly advanced
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.85,0:08:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are a number \Nof genetic mutations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.71,0:08:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the first round of chemotherapy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.80,0:08:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this cancer comes back\Nfor 75 percent of patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.60,0:08:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it usually comes back\Nin a drug resistant form.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.92,0:08:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,High-grade ovarian cancer\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.15,0:08:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the biggest \Nsuper villains out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.42,0:08:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're now directlng\Nour super weapon
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.42,0:08:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards its defeat.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.65,0:09:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a researcher,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.91,0:09:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I usually don't get to work with patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.20,0:09:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I recently met a mother
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.78,0:09:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is an ovarian cancer survivor,\NMimi, and her daughter Paige.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.40,0:09:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was deeply inspired
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.38,0:09:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the optimism and strength
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.49,0:09:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that both mother and daughter displayed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.65,0:09:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by their story of courage and support.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.18,0:09:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this event, we spoke about\Nthe different technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.66,0:09:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directed at cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.61,0:09:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Mimi was in tears\Nas she explained how
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.86,0:09:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning about these efforts
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.72,0:09:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives her hope for future generations,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.90,0:09:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including her own daughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.71,0:09:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really touched me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.73,0:09:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just about building\Nreally elegant science,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.31,0:09:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's about changing people's lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.56,0:09:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about understanding the power\Nof engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.72,0:09:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the scale of molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.62,0:09:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that as students like Paige
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.71,0:09:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,move forward in their careers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.78,0:09:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll open new possibilites
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.24,0:10:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addressing some of the big \Nhealth problems in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.65,0:10:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including, ovarian cancer,\Nneurological disorders,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.04,0:10:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,infectious disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.25,0:10:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just as chemical engineering\Nhas found a way
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.73,0:10:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to open doors for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.66,0:10:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Has provided a way of engineering\Non the tiniest scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.26,0:10:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that of molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.86,0:10:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to heal on the human scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.97,0:10:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.06,0:10:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)