[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.86,0:00:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've probably heard by now
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.63,0:00:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that economic inequality\Nis historically high,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.62,0:00:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the wealthiest one-tenth\Nof one percent in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.77,0:00:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have as much wealth\Nas the bottom 90 percent combined,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.68,0:00:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that the wealthiest\Neight individuals in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.73,0:00:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have as much wealth
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.97,0:00:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the poorest 3.5 billion\Ninhabitants of the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.41,0:00:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But did you know that economic inequality\Nis associated with shorter lifespans,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.66,0:00:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less happiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.25,0:00:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more crime
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.43,0:00:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more drug abuse?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.77,0:00:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those sound like problems of poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.25,0:00:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but among wealthy, developed nations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.88,0:00:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those health and social problems
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.80,0:00:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are actually more tightly linked\Nto inequality between incomes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.05,0:00:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to absolute incomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.77,0:00:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.29,0:00:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.59,0:00:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the wealthiest and the most\Nunequal of nations,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.78,0:00:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually fares worse\Nthan all other developed countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.98,0:01:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surveys show that\Nlarge majorities of Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.97,0:01:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both Democrats and Republicans,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.97,0:01:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believe inequality is too high\Nand want more equal pay.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.19,0:01:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet as a society, we don't seem\Nto be able to find the common ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.89,0:01:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the consensus, the political will\Nto do anything about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.30,0:01:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, as inequality\Nhas risen in recent decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.94,0:01:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political polarization\Nhas risen along with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.77,0:01:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see those who disagree with us\Nas idiots or as immoral.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.10,0:01:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nearly half of Democrats and Republicans
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.34,0:01:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now think that the other side\Nis not just mistaken
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.89,0:01:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a threat to the nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.20,0:01:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that animosity prevents us\Nfrom finding the common ground
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.78,0:01:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change things.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.37,0:01:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a social psychology professor\Nat the University of North Carolina,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.95,0:01:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I study the effects of inequality\Non people's thinking and behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.89,0:01:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to argue that it's not just\Nan unfortunate coincidence
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.96,0:02:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that inequality and political division\Nhave risen together.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.62,0:02:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are good psychological reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.53,0:02:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that inequality drives wedges\Nin our politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.24,0:02:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means there are good\Npsychological paths
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.57,0:02:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve both at once.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.21,0:02:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand why inequality\Nis so powerful,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.96,0:02:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to first understand\Nthat we are constantly comparing ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.61,0:02:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.23,0:02:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.03,0:02:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we really like to come out on top,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.100,0:02:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we find it painful\Nto be on the bottom.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.05,0:02:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Psychologists call it\Nthe "better-than-average effect."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.73,0:02:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people believe\Nthey're better than average
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.78,0:02:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at just about anything they care about,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.42,0:02:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which isn't strictly possible,\Nbecause that's just what average means.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.02,0:02:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.98,0:02:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's the way people feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.21,0:02:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people think\Nthey're smarter than average,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.87,0:02:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harder working than average
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.80,0:02:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more socially skilled.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.52,0:03:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people think they're\Nbetter drivers than average.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.20,0:03:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.72,0:03:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's true even if you do the study\Nwith a sample of people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.65,0:03:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,currently hospitalized\Nfor a car accident that they caused.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.25,0:03:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.49,0:03:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we really want to see ourselves\Nas better than average,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.34,0:03:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we find out otherwise,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.78,0:03:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a painful experience\Nthat we have to cope with.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.17,0:03:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we cope with it\Nby shifting how we see the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.81,0:03:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand how this works,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.29,0:03:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my collaborators and I ran an experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.80,0:03:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked participants to complete\Na decision-making task to earn some money,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.15,0:03:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in reality, everyone earned\Nthe same amount of money.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.26,0:03:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we randomly divided them\Ninto two groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.86,0:03:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we told one group\Nthat they had done better than average,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.81,0:03:47.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we told the other group\Nthey had done worse than average.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.89,0:03:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now we have one group that feels richer\Nand one group that feels poorer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.11,0:03:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for no objective reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.53,0:03:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we asked them some questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.93,0:04:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we asked them,\N"How good are you at making decisions?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.91,0:04:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the better-than-average group\Nsaid that they were more competent
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.09,0:04:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the below-average group.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.07,0:04:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The better-than-average group\Nsaid that their success
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.09,0:04:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a fair outcome of a meritocracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.88,0:04:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The below-average group\Nthought the system was rigged,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.94,0:04:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this case,\Nof course, they were right.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.19,0:04:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.57,0:04:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though the two groups\Nhad the same amount of money,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.84,0:04:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the group that felt richer\Nsaid we should cut taxes on the wealthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.22,0:04:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cut benefits to the poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.15,0:04:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let them work hard and be\Nresponsible for themselves, they said.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.54,0:04:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are attitudes that we normally\Nassume are rooted in deeply held values
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.59,0:04:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lifetime of experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.77,0:04:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a 10-minute exercise
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.50,0:04:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made people feel richer or poorer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.10,0:04:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was enough to change those views.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.29,0:05:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This difference between being rich or poor\Nand feeling rich or poor is important,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.03,0:05:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the two don't always\Nline up very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.02,0:05:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You often hear people say with nostalgia,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.38,0:05:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We were poor, but we didn't know it."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.99,0:05:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the case for me growing up,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.15,0:05:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until one day,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.44,0:05:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the fourth-grade lunch line,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.83,0:05:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had a new cashier\Nwho didn't know the ropes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.85,0:05:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she asked me for 1.25 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.47,0:05:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was taken aback, because I had never\Nbeen asked to pay for my lunch before.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.42,0:05:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't know what to say,\Nbecause I didn't have any money.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.37,0:05:34.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And suddenly,\NI realized for the first time
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.16,0:05:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we free lunch kids\Nwere the poor ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.60,0:05:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That awkward moment\Nin the school lunch line
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.36,0:05:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changed so much for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.30,0:05:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because for the first time, I felt poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.29,0:05:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't have any less money\Nthan the day before,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.25,0:05:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.43,0:05:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started noticing things differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.50,0:05:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It changed the way I saw the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.22,0:06:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started noticing how the kids\Nwho paid for their lunch
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.53,0:06:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seemed to dress better\Nthan the free lunch kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.16,0:06:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started noticing the big yellow blocks\Nof government cheese
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.10,0:06:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that showed up at our door
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.65,0:06:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the food stamps my mother\Nwould pull out at the grocery store.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.71,0:06:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was always a shy kid,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.24,0:06:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I hardly talked at all\Nafter that at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.33,0:06:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who was I to speak up?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.36,0:06:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For decades, social scientists\Nlooked for evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.06,0:06:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that feeling deprived\Ncompared to other people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.66,0:06:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would motivate political action.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.54,0:06:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They thought it would mobilize\Nprotests, strikes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.94,0:06:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe even revolutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.48,0:06:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But again and again what they found\Nwas that it paralyzed people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.85,0:06:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the truth is,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.30,0:06:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeling less than other people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.91,0:06:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brings shame.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.28,0:06:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes people turn away,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.53,0:06:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disgusted with the system.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.51,0:06:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feeling better than other\Npeople, though --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.57,0:06:54.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now that is motivating.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.70,0:06:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It motivates us to protect that position,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.100,0:07:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has important consequences\Nfor our politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.38,0:07:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To see why, consider another experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.24,0:07:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, we asked participants\Nto make decisions to earn some money,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.52,0:07:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we told one group\Nthat they had done better than average
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.40,0:07:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the other group that they\Nhad done worse than average.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.22,0:07:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, the better-than-average group\Nsaid it's a fair meritocracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.56,0:07:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cut taxes on the wealthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.17,0:07:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cut benefits on the poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.61,0:07:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this time, we also asked them\Nwhat did they think
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.37,0:07:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about other participants\Nwho disagree with them
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.11,0:07:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on those issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.89,0:07:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are they smart or incompetent?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.32,0:07:40.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are they reasonable or are they biased?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.14,0:07:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The better-than-average group\Nsaid anybody who disagrees with them
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.30,0:07:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,must be incompetent, biased,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.20,0:07:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blinded by self-interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.53,0:07:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The below-average group
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.01,0:07:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't assume that about their opponents.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.14,0:08:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there are lots of psychology studies
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.19,0:08:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing that when people agree with us,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.56,0:08:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we think they're brilliant,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when people disagree with us,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.62,0:08:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we tend to think they're idiots.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.38,0:08:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.51,0:08:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is new because we found\Nit was driven entirely by the group
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.24,0:08:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that felt better than average,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.05,0:08:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who felt entitled to dismiss\Nthose people who disagree with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.99,0:08:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So think about what\Nthis is doing to our politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.40,0:08:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the haves and have-nots\Nspread further and further apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.79,0:08:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, a lot of us think\Nthat people on the other side are idiots,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.75,0:08:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the people politically engaged enough\Nto be yelling at each other about politics
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.07,0:08:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are actually mostly the well-off.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.28,0:08:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, as inequality has grown\Nin recent decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.76,0:08:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political interest and participation\Namong the poor has plummeted.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.71,0:08:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, we see that people\Nwho feel left behind
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.79,0:09:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aren't taking to the streets to protest\Nor organize voter registration drives.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.95,0:09:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, they aren't even voting.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.02,0:09:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, they're turning away\Nand dropping out.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.34,0:09:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we want to do something\Nabout extreme inequality,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.56,0:09:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to fix our politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.70,0:09:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we want to fix our politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.61,0:09:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to do something about inequality.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.10,0:09:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.08,0:09:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wonderful thing about spirals
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.54,0:09:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you can interrupt\Nat any point in the cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.58,0:09:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think our best bet starts\Nwith those of us
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.57,0:09:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have benefited the most\Nfrom inequality's rise,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.61,0:09:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those of us who have done\Nbetter than average.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.79,0:09:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you've been successful,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.32,0:09:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's natural to chalk up your success\Nto your own hard work.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.62,0:09:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, like the studies I showed you,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.40,0:09:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody does that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.17,0:09:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not it really was\Nthe hard work that mattered most.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.50,0:10:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every successful person I know
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.80,0:10:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can think of times when they worked hard\Nand struggled to succeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.11,0:10:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can also think of times
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.20,0:10:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they benefited from good luck\Nor a helping hand
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.66,0:10:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that part is harder.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.77,0:10:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Psychologists Shai Davidai\Nand Tom Gilovich
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.41,0:10:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,call it the "headwind-tailwind asymmetry."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.38,0:10:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you're struggling against headwinds,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.75,0:10:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those obstacles are all you can see.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.38,0:10:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's what you notice and remember.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.38,0:10:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when the wind's at your back\Nand everything's going your way,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.53,0:10:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all you notice is yourself
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.85,0:10:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our own amazing talents.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.23,0:10:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have to stop and think for a minute
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.79,0:10:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to recognize those tailwinds\Nhelping us along.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.12,0:10:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so easy to see\Nwhat's wrong with people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.22,0:10:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who disagree with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.14,0:10:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you decided that I was an idiot\Nin the first two minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.21,0:10:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I said inequality was harmful.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.21,0:10:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.18,0:10:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hard part is to recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.90,0:11:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if you were in a different position,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.89,0:11:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might see things differently,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.59,0:11:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like the subjects in our experiments.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.14,0:11:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you're in the above-average\Ngroup in life --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.07,0:11:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you're watching a TED talk,\Nyou most likely are --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.81,0:11:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.08,0:11:15.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then I leave you with this challenge:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.98,0:11:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the next time you're tempted to dismiss\Nsomeone who disagrees with you
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.47,0:11:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an idiot,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.94,0:11:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think about the tailwinds\Nthat helped you get where you are.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.19,0:11:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What lucky breaks did you get
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.89,0:11:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might have turned out differently?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.07,0:11:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What helping hands are you grateful for?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.82,0:11:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recognizing those tailwinds\Ngives us the humility we need
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.91,0:11:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see that disagreeing with us\Ndoesn't make people idiots.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.30,0:11:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real hard work\Nis in finding common ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.04,0:11:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's the well-off\Nwho have the power
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.66,0:11:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the responsibility to change things.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.85,0:11:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.11,0:11:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)