[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.20,0:00:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can all agree
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.56,0:00:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the established motto\N"Mors tua, vita mea"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.20,0:00:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the most ridiculous sayings\Nthe human mind has ever come up with.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.64,0:00:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mother Earth is telling us,\Nrather she is screaming at us
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.16,0:00:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that dealing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.95,0:00:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the smallest, most fragile,\Nand insignificant of its creatures
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.68,0:00:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not an act of goodness or heroism.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.08,0:00:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is just pursuing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.60,0:00:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our own crass, cynical\Nand short-term self-interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.92,0:00:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This applies to the wrongly named problem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.28,0:00:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of climate migrants.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.26,0:00:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's approach it from the point of view
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.18,0:00:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our crass, cynical\Nand short-term self-interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.12,0:00:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we must understand this self-interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.89,0:01:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll see something in this slide\Nthat is familiar to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.19,0:01:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we call it Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.18,0:01:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But have you ever thought about\Nhow strange an idea this is?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.16,0:01:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the continents are marked out\Nalong geographical barriers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.78,0:01:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By that very standard, we are Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.87,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do not exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.83,0:01:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet we want to be a continent,\Nindeed the Old Continent.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.19,0:01:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is it that characterises us\Nas different from Asia?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.18,0:01:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A culture, we may say,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.26,0:01:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that within its diversity\Nholds a certain unity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.04,0:01:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And without engaging\Nin ridiculous talks of race,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.48,0:01:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a certain physiognomic homogeneity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.20,0:01:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, what is the fundamental\Ndeterminant of all this?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.48,0:01:41.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we a unit?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.94,0:01:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the determinant is the climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.95,0:01:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe is Europe,\Nwith its particular identity,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.24,0:01:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of its peculiar climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.82,0:01:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over this climatic peculiarity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.60,0:01:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our joint interest was founded.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.74,0:02:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now things are changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.28,0:02:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This distinguishing climate of Europe -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.84,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm over-simplifying,\Nbut is somehow determined
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.01,0:02:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the influence\Nof the Azores anticyclone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.44,0:02:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is receding, increasingly\Ngiving way to the African anticyclone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.91,0:02:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.22,0:02:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that, if climate\Nhas been so decisive
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.20,0:02:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in forging our identity, and our concerns,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.64,0:02:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a changing climate\Nwill also change these.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.47,0:02:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will we lose our European identity?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.67,0:02:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, we just make room for another one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.86,0:02:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will enter into the\Ncommunity of interests
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.79,0:02:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those whose lives are governed\Nby the African anticyclone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.28,0:02:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From this perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.60,0:02:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can try to understand\Nhow we'll be affected
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.74,0:02:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by those people who are\Ndriven away from their land
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.52,0:02:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a changing climate\Nthat makes it less and less fruitful.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.84,0:03:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we must also understand\Nwhat we are exactly talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.16,0:03:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The accepted wisdom\Nis that the poorer you are,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.78,0:03:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more likely you are to emigrate -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.63,0:03:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is simply not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.36,0:03:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The poorest are held back
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.34,0:03:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by what is technically called\Nthe "poverty trap".
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.59,0:03:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have so little,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.64,0:03:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their outlook is so short-term
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.60,0:03:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they never think about emigrating.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.48,0:03:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their problem is to find\Nenough rice in the next two hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.38,0:03:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And only when they start\Nto become more secure
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.28,0:03:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do consider leaving,\Ngoing far away to improve their lifestyle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.40,0:03:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, those who have enough\Nto consider making the journey
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.66,0:03:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have at least a little bit\Nof freedom of choice
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.04,0:03:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are the real migrants.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.86,0:03:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well managed, they can also have
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.64,0:03:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a positive role for themselves\Nand their host countries -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.54,0:03:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's another story.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.25,0:03:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is, climate change
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.16,0:03:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affects the lives of those\Nwho cannot migrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.57,0:04:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who have to leave\Njust because their field has dried up.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.46,0:04:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are not migrants.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.85,0:04:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are part of an enforced\Ndisplacement of population.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.28,0:04:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those who are forced\Ninto such a population movement
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.12,0:04:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are of no use to themselves,\Nor anyone else
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.22,0:04:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they also fall prey,\Nvulnerabile as they are,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.18,0:04:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to crime, trafficking,\Nterrorism, and fanaticism.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.29,0:04:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What part does the climate play?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.80,0:04:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are used to hear
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.62,0:04:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a changing climate triggers\Nthe most extreme, violent phenomena
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.73,0:04:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has the biggest impact on our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.32,0:04:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heat waves puts older people in trouble,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.16,0:04:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aerals - zones of incidence of some\Ninfectious diseases - are expanding.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.83,0:04:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we also hear
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.51,0:04:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that violent climatic phenomena\Ndamage our infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.49,0:05:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hurricanes cause bridges\Nto collapse, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.85,0:05:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But almost no one speaks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.12,0:05:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the most devastating effect\Nof climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.69,0:05:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what is the greenhouse effect?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.41,0:05:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The greenhouse effect is the result\Nof solar energy intake
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.22,0:05:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's trapped in our ecosystem\Nand not radiated back into space.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.17,0:05:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of it!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.37,0:05:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The actual amount was shared\Nin another TED talk, about 10 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.71,0:05:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a scientist,\Nmaybe a little controversial
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.04,0:05:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still from NASA: James Hansen.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.55,0:05:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the equivalent of 400,000\Natomic bombs detonating every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.84,0:05:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And where is this energy funneled,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.66,0:05:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not into our ecosystems,\Nformed over the millennia?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.38,0:05:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns into disorder,\Nit turns into unpredictability
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.58,0:05:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And where the climate\Nbecomes unpredictable,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.23,0:05:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,society can hardly handle it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.41,0:05:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I am a farmer, and I can't\Npredict when it will rain,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.56,0:05:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know when to sow.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.93,0:06:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not just a rural problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.66,0:06:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I manage the Milan water system,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.04,0:06:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't know if it'll snow or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.94,0:06:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have huge problems planning ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.70,0:06:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, if it happens to us,\Nto the extent that it happens now,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.69,0:06:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can still fix it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.40,0:06:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if it happens\Nto a farmer in Burkina Faso
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.68,0:06:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the problem is no longer economic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.34,0:06:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A failed harvest,\Nfor a farmer in Valpadana
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.23,0:06:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can bring about economic losses -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.99,0:06:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he's probably insured,\Nmaybe the local government will help.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.40,0:06:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the farmer from Burkina Faso
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.15,0:06:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the difference between sending\Ntheir children to school or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.68,0:06:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it becomes\Na human rights problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.38,0:06:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We understand how a person\Nunder such a pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.60,0:06:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with her future prospects
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.41,0:06:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and families basic needs at risk
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.96,0:06:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can fall prey to migration, fanaticism
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.59,0:06:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,destabilisation of all kinds.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.24,0:06:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this in the future?\NUnfortunately no, It's happening now.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.26,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's already happening in areas
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a fragile ecosystem
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.36,0:07:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,superimposed onto a fragile society.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.80,0:07:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's happening in the islands,\Nthat are yelling out in despair.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.83,0:07:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Maldives are putting aside\Na portion of the proceeds from tourism
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.56,0:07:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to buy another island in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.52,0:07:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's happening in the river deltas,\Nthat are becoming salinised.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.17,0:07:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's happening in the Arctic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.93,0:07:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Arctic populations\Nare all becoming desperate.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.36,0:07:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are losing their culture's\Ndistinctive traits.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.88,0:07:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which turned them\Nto alcoholism, to suicide.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.24,0:07:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's happening in the mountains,\Nwhich are particularly vulnerable.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.68,0:07:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it's happening\Nright in front of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.60,0:07:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The place where it is happening\Nmost visibly, at the moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.76,0:07:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is right in front of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.58,0:07:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just a short stretch of sea\Nseparates us from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.35,0:08:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Italy stretches out between\Nthe two shores of the Mediterranean
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.72,0:08:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a kind of bridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.36,0:08:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you a map\Nof part of northern Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.82,0:08:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It consists mostly of desert\Nthat has been desert for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.50,0:08:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In these deserts,\Nas we learned this morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.57,0:08:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are populations
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.90,0:08:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have found a way of life
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.39,0:08:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's compatible\Nwith that stingy ecosystem.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.79,0:08:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in this area\Nthere is not only the desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.82,0:08:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An area is also there\Nthat roughly coincides with the Sahel,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.99,0:08:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where desertification is taking place.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.19,0:08:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we compare these two areas -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.87,0:08:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the desert and desertification zone,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.14,0:08:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in objective terms
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.79,0:08:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the desertification zone\Nis still a bit more generous,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.56,0:08:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still a bit richer, than the desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.53,0:08:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in this desertification zone
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.60,0:08:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cycles of nature\Nare no longer dependable on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.43,0:08:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a chaotic, unregulated climate
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.56,0:08:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the inhabitants can\Nno longer sustain themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.25,0:08:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look where it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.79,0:09:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and notice that it matches
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.52,0:09:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the areas where hunger\Nand conflicts show up the most,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.72,0:09:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the areas most afflicted\Nby the dynamics of terrorism,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.65,0:09:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the areas most afflicted\Nby illicit trafficking of all kinds -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.77,0:09:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arms, money, drugs, human beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.91,0:09:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And take a look at where nine\Nout of ten migrants come from -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.03,0:09:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who are creating\Na bit of a crisis for us right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.24,0:09:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If that's the current reality,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.07,0:09:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where Italy, in its front line role,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.16,0:09:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is poised to set a standard,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.74,0:09:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we must not think\Nthat the problem ends there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.46,0:09:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll show you two photos.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.64,0:09:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is a map.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.28,0:09:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this map you can see the glaciers\Nof Hindu Kush, Himalayas, and Pamir.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.55,0:09:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These will eventually melt.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.43,0:09:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have no time to explain why,\Nbut they will not melt gradually,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.63,0:09:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proportional to the rise in temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.76,0:10:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At a certain point\Nthere will be a collapse.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.35,0:10:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At some point, the glaciers\Nin this zone will break down.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.23,0:10:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, you may say -\Nbut why should we Italians care?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.55,0:10:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the fact is,\Nevery time an element is lost
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.11,0:10:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from this delicate equilibrium\Nof the biosphere,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.10,0:10:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't just lose it\Nand its physical beauty.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.06,0:10:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its function is also lost,\Nthe part it plays
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.98,0:10:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in maintaining the balance\Nof the whole system.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.87,0:10:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Glaciers perform many functions:\None of these should interests us a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.31,0:10:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They regulate the ordered\Noutflow of water downstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.64,0:10:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Local rivers have their source\Nin those glaciers.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.24,0:10:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They irrigate plains where one billion \Nand four hundred million people live.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.11,0:10:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the glaciers break down here, in\Na monsoon area - especially in the south,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.57,0:10:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the situation in the valleys\Nsuddenly changes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.08,0:10:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from one in which, during the drought,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.72,0:10:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the melting glaciers supply\Nthe river with water
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.27,0:11:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a disastrous oscillation\Nbetween drought and flooding.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.96,0:11:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Agriculture and the whole infrastructure\Nis thrown off balance and much more.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.85,0:11:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One billion and four hundred\Nmillion people.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.25,0:11:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started to get in trouble\Nwith 380,000 people coming here.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.92,0:11:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It all adds up to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.46,0:11:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mountains are very fragile ecosystems,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.05,0:11:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where very vulnerable people live.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.31,0:11:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, but they are not so much..
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.29,0:11:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No no, 22% of the land will be affected\Nand the 913,000,000 people who live there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.87,0:11:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they set in motion ...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.72,0:11:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the other image\Nshows a flooded subway in New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.64,0:11:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rising sea levels\Nis a very controversial issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.41,0:11:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not clear how bad it will be.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.46,0:11:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now scientists -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.58,0:11:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you may have heard
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.99,0:11:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a recent report\Nby the United Nations Panel
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.20,0:11:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believe it is quite plausible
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.96,0:11:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that levels will rise by 1,5 metres\Nby the end of this century.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.65,0:11:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's add on\Nthe 42% of the human population
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.32,0:11:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dwelling along the coasts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.11,0:12:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the sea rises 1,5 metres\Nthere will be flooded areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.92,0:12:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not the biggest problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.72,0:12:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Saltwater intrusion is worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.34,0:12:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Salt water gets into the soil\Nand dehydrates it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.23,0:12:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Romans,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.44,0:12:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sure a defeated city\Nwould never rise up again,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.20,0:12:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poured sea salt on the fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.44,0:12:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the effect it will have.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.15,0:12:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see from your faces that my\Nstory has really depressed you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.72,0:12:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.20,0:12:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is all lost? No, we can solve the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.17,0:12:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can solve it
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.49,0:12:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our short-term, cynical\Nand self-interested way.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.54,0:12:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.98,0:12:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, by reminding ourselves\Nthat we are part of a whole.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.78,0:12:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This diagram you see here
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.12,0:12:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been developed\Nby the Barilla foundation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.99,0:12:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows two pyramids.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.47,0:13:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first one, the food pyramid,\Nis very well known.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.60,0:13:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows the proportion of every type\Nof food we should be eating
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.80,0:13:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stay healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.22,0:13:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, a little red meat,\Na little more protein from other sources
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.91,0:13:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and increasing amounts\Nof fibre, vegetables, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.13,0:13:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It so happens, if we\Njuxtapose this pyramid
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.39,0:13:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the pyramid showing\Nthe impact on the ecosystem
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.94,0:13:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the production\Nof each category of food,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.53,0:13:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they match almost perfectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.10,0:13:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is, the more a certain type of food
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.38,0:13:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is consumed - in excess,\NI'm not vegetarian -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.64,0:13:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more it damages \Nboth a person and the ecosystem.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.56,0:13:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hmm, what a spectacular coincidence\Nfor the food sector!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.93,0:13:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only, it's not a coincidence
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.35,0:13:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not just under\Nthe industry's control.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.98,0:13:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a paradigm of our relationship\Nwith the ecosystem
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.65,0:13:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you don't have to turn\Nto otherworldly wisdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.01,0:13:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the result of co-evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.99,0:13:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just normal for us\Nto be completely healthy
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.16,0:14:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we are "tuned"\Nwith the system we are part of.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.84,0:14:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you do not believe me, try it yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.19,0:14:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do a little exercise.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.60,0:14:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make a pyramid of your personal transport.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.86,0:14:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll notice that the better\Nyour choice of transport
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.67,0:14:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is for your health,\Nfor your integral well-being,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.28,0:14:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for your social life, your pace of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.32,0:14:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more sustainable it gets.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.76,0:14:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a bit true in all areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.11,0:14:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why am I telling you this?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.63,0:14:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because this gives us a roadmap.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.63,0:14:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gives us a rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.75,0:14:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's really good for you,\Nis good for the planet too.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.60,0:14:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's move on from the individual\Nto the global, geostrategic view.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.86,0:14:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the West, as if by magic, decided\Nto eat according to this pyramid,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.38,0:14:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only would we all be better off
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.55,0:14:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it would help to stop\Nthe polarisation of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.41,0:14:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the one billion\Nfive hundred million people
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.61,0:14:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who suffer from disease,\Ndue to poor or excessive nutrition,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.08,0:15:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the 814 million people\Nwho go to bed hungry.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.12,0:15:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this all mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.27,0:15:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that sustainability\Nand well-being
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.35,0:15:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn into social justice\Nand redistribution.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.12,0:15:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those resources, consumed in\Nexcess by some, are freed up
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.46,0:15:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and become available to others.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.86,0:15:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A professor from Piacenza\Ncalculated exactly how much.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.65,0:15:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If every person registered\Nas pathologically obese
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.21,0:15:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by western health services
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.39,0:15:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abstained from a single can\Nof fizzy drink a day,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.68,0:15:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would free up enough resources\Nto feed 56 million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.26,0:15:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, my individual well-being\Nbecomes sustainability,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.78,0:15:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sustainability becomes fairness,\Nand fairness becomes peace,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.05,0:15:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a world where all children\Nhave access to decent nutrition
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.36,0:15:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also a world that kicks sand\Nin the face of Boko Haram, ISIS, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.29,0:15:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I propose this equation,\Nthe Earth equation.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.32,0:15:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems very personal - my life\Nin harmony with the planet;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.60,0:15:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is really a political choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.55,0:15:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can apply this method.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.20,0:16:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These crescents you see\Ndug in the ground are in Burkina Faso
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.87,0:16:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is a system by which we can recover
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.64,0:16:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one hectare of desert for $130.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.68,0:16:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By doing this, what do we achieve?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.05,0:16:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We regenerate this land for agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.32,0:16:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we also create a extraordinarily\Nefficient carbon sink
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.05,0:16:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the vegetation grown back.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.38,0:16:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only that: we protect biodiversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.65,0:16:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We consolidate the water / salt balance
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.06,0:16:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reduce heat locally
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.26,0:16:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as vegetation brings down the temperature
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.06,0:16:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and re-start all the market,\Nthe business activity, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.04,0:16:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, we disrupt\Nthe trigger of fanatism,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.00,0:16:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mechanism that feeds\Nhuman trafficking and war.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.00,0:16:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't believe me?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.23,0:16:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the real result.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.72,0:16:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't do this, what happens?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.65,0:16:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We leave these countries\Nprey to instability,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.02,0:17:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can no longer cooperate\Nin the recovery of the climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.09,0:17:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are excluded from the communal battle
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.45,0:17:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to maintain a climate\Nthat is still manageable.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.59,0:17:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But leaving them out in the cold,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.34,0:17:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,none of us will have a manageable climate,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.45,0:17:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because these countries contribute
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.19,0:17:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to manageable sustainably.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.38,0:17:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what happens?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.96,0:17:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we leave them to their own devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.26,0:17:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we create the future
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.61,0:17:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the IPCC and the UN panel\Ndescribed four days ago:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.87,0:17:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2040, the catastrophe.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.40,0:17:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just our own crass,\Ncynical, selfish interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.26,0:17:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must take care\Nof the weakest and poorest.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.44,0:17:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.43,0:17:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)