The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it
-
0:01 - 0:04It was my first year
as an atmospheric science professor -
0:05 - 0:06at Texas Tech University.
-
0:07 - 0:09We had just moved to Lubbock, Texas,
-
0:09 - 0:12which had recently been named
the second most conservative city -
0:12 - 0:14in the entire United States.
-
0:15 - 0:19A colleague asked me to guest teach
his undergraduate geology class. -
0:19 - 0:20I said, "Sure."
-
0:20 - 0:24But when I showed up,
the lecture hall was cavernous and dark. -
0:24 - 0:27As I tracked the history
of the carbon cycle -
0:27 - 0:29through geologic time to present day,
-
0:29 - 0:34most of the students were slumped over,
dozing or looking at their phones. -
0:34 - 0:38I ended my talk with a hopeful request
for any questions. -
0:38 - 0:41And one hand shot up right away.
-
0:41 - 0:46I looked encouraging, he stood up,
and in a loud voice, he said, -
0:46 - 0:48"You're a democrat, aren't you?"
-
0:48 - 0:50(Laughter)
-
0:50 - 0:52"No," I said, "I'm Canadian."
-
0:52 - 0:55(Laughter)
-
0:55 - 1:00(Applause)
-
1:01 - 1:03That was my baptism by fire
-
1:03 - 1:07into what has now become a sad
fact of life here in the United States -
1:07 - 1:09and increasingly across Canada as well.
-
1:10 - 1:12The fact that the number one predictor
-
1:12 - 1:15of whether we agree
that climate is changing, -
1:15 - 1:17humans are responsible
-
1:17 - 1:20and the impacts are increasingly
serious and even dangerous, -
1:20 - 1:25has nothing to do with how much we know
about science or even how smart we are -
1:25 - 1:28but simply where we fall
on the political spectrum. -
1:30 - 1:32Does the thermometer give us
a different answer -
1:32 - 1:34depending on if we're liberal
or conservative? -
1:34 - 1:36Of course not.
-
1:37 - 1:41But if that thermometer tells us
that the planet is warming, -
1:41 - 1:43that humans are responsible
-
1:43 - 1:44and that to fix this thing,
-
1:45 - 1:50we have to wean ourselves off
fossil fuels as soon as possible -- -
1:50 - 1:52well, some people would rather
cut off their arm -
1:52 - 1:55than give the government
any further excuse -
1:55 - 1:58to disrupt their comfortable lives
and tell them what to do. -
1:59 - 2:03But saying, "Yes, it's a real problem,
but I don't want to fix it," -
2:03 - 2:06that makes us the bad guy,
and nobody wants to be the bad guy. -
2:07 - 2:11So instead, we use arguments like,
"It's just a natural cycle." -
2:11 - 2:13"It's the sun."
-
2:13 - 2:14Or my favorite,
-
2:14 - 2:17"Those climate scientists
are just in it for the money." -
2:17 - 2:19(Laughter)
-
2:19 - 2:21I get that at least once a week.
-
2:22 - 2:26But these are just
sciencey-sounding smoke screens, -
2:26 - 2:29that are designed to hide
the real reason for our objections, -
2:29 - 2:32which have nothing to do with the science
-
2:32 - 2:36and everything to do
with our ideology and our identity. -
2:37 - 2:39So when we turn on the TV these days,
-
2:39 - 2:42it seems like pundit X is saying,
-
2:42 - 2:44"It's cold outside.
Where is global warming now?" -
2:44 - 2:46And politician Y is saying,
-
2:46 - 2:48"For every scientist
who says this thing is real, -
2:48 - 2:50I can find one who says it isn't."
-
2:51 - 2:55So it's no surprise that sometimes we feel
like everybody is saying these myths. -
2:56 - 2:58But when we look at the data --
-
2:58 - 3:00and the Yale Program
on Climate [Change] Communication -
3:00 - 3:04has done public opinion polling across
the country now for a number of years -- -
3:04 - 3:08the data shows that actually 70 percent
of people in the United States agree -
3:08 - 3:10that the climate is changing.
-
3:10 - 3:14And 70 percent also agree
that it will harm plants and animals, -
3:14 - 3:16and it will harm future generations.
-
3:17 - 3:21But then when we dig down a bit deeper,
the rubber starts to hit the road. -
3:22 - 3:27Only about 60 percent of people think it
will affect people in the United States. -
3:27 - 3:31Only 40 percent of people
think it will affect us personally. -
3:33 - 3:37And then when you ask people,
"Do you ever talk about this?" -
3:37 - 3:41two-thirds of people in the entire
United States say, "Never." -
3:43 - 3:46And even worse, when you say,
"Do you hear the media talk about this?" -
3:46 - 3:49Over three-quarters of people say no.
-
3:51 - 3:52So it's a vicious cycle.
-
3:54 - 3:55The planet warms.
-
3:55 - 3:57Heat waves get stronger.
-
3:57 - 3:59Heavy precipitation gets more frequent.
-
3:59 - 4:01Hurricanes get more intense.
-
4:01 - 4:04Scientists release yet another
doom-filled report. -
4:05 - 4:08Politicians push back even more strongly,
-
4:08 - 4:10repeating the same
sciencey-sounding myths. -
4:12 - 4:15What can we do to break
this vicious cycle? -
4:15 - 4:19The number one thing we can do
is the exact thing that we're not doing: -
4:20 - 4:21talk about it.
-
4:23 - 4:25But you might say, "I'm not a scientist.
-
4:25 - 4:27How am I supposed to talk
about radiative forcing -
4:27 - 4:30or cloud parametrization
in climate models?" -
4:31 - 4:33We don't need to be talking
about more science; -
4:33 - 4:36we've been talking about the science
for over 150 years. -
4:37 - 4:42Did you know that it's been
150 years or more since the 1850s, -
4:42 - 4:44when climate scientists first discovered
-
4:44 - 4:48that digging up and burning
coal and gas and oil -
4:48 - 4:50is producing heat-trapping gases
-
4:50 - 4:52that is wrapping an extra blanket
around the planet? -
4:52 - 4:54That's how long we've known.
-
4:54 - 4:58It's been 50 years since scientists
first formally warned a US president -
4:58 - 5:00of the dangers of a changing climate,
-
5:00 - 5:02and that president was Lyndon B. Johnson.
-
5:03 - 5:07And what's more,
the social science has taught us -
5:07 - 5:12that if people have built their identity
on rejecting a certain set of facts, -
5:13 - 5:18then arguing over those facts
is a personal attack. -
5:18 - 5:20It causes them to dig in deeper,
-
5:20 - 5:23and it digs a trench,
rather than building a bridge. -
5:24 - 5:27So if we aren't supposed to talk
about more science, -
5:27 - 5:29or if we don't need to talk
about more science, -
5:29 - 5:31then what should we be talking about?
-
5:31 - 5:33The most important thing to do is,
-
5:33 - 5:37instead of starting up with your head,
with all the data and facts in our head, -
5:37 - 5:38to start from the heart,
-
5:39 - 5:42to start by talking about
why it matters to us, -
5:44 - 5:47to begin with genuinely shared values.
-
5:47 - 5:49Are we both parents?
-
5:49 - 5:51Do we live in the same community?
-
5:52 - 5:57Do we enjoy the same outdoor activities:
hiking, biking, fishing, even hunting? -
5:58 - 6:01Do we care about the economy
or national security? -
6:02 - 6:05For me, one of the most foundational ways
I found to connect with people -
6:05 - 6:06is through my faith.
-
6:07 - 6:11As a Christian, I believe that God created
this incredible planet that we live on -
6:11 - 6:15and gave us responsibility
over every living thing on it. -
6:15 - 6:18And I furthermore believe
that we are to care for and love -
6:18 - 6:20the least fortunate among us,
-
6:20 - 6:23those who are already suffering
the impacts of poverty, -
6:23 - 6:24hunger, disease and more.
-
6:25 - 6:29If you don't know what
the values are that someone has, -
6:29 - 6:33have a conversation, get to know them,
figure out what makes them tick. -
6:33 - 6:35And then once we have,
-
6:35 - 6:41all we have to do is connect the dots
between the values they already have -
6:41 - 6:43and why they would care
about a changing climate. -
6:44 - 6:47I truly believe, after thousands
of conversations that I've had -
6:47 - 6:49over the past decade and more,
-
6:49 - 6:52that just about every single
person in the world -
6:52 - 6:55already has the values they need
to care about a changing climate. -
6:55 - 6:57They just haven't connected the dots.
-
6:57 - 7:01And that's what we can do
through our conversation with them. -
7:02 - 7:04The only reason why I care
about a changing climate -
7:04 - 7:06is because of who I already am.
-
7:07 - 7:10I'm a mother, so I care
about the future of my child. -
7:10 - 7:13I live in West Texas,
where water is already scarce, -
7:13 - 7:16and climate change is impacting
the availability of that water. -
7:17 - 7:19I'm a Christian, I care
about a changing climate -
7:19 - 7:23because it is, as the military calls it,
a "threat multiplier." -
7:23 - 7:25It takes those issues,
-
7:25 - 7:29like poverty and hunger and disease
and lack of access to clean water -
7:29 - 7:32and even political crises
that lead to refugee crises -- -
7:32 - 7:35it takes all of these issues
and it exacerbates them, -
7:35 - 7:36it makes them worse.
-
7:37 - 7:38I'm not a Rotarian.
-
7:39 - 7:41But when I gave my first talk
at a Rotary Club, -
7:41 - 7:46I walked in and they had this giant banner
that had the Four-Way Test on it. -
7:47 - 7:48Is it the truth?
-
7:48 - 7:49Absolutely.
-
7:50 - 7:51Is it fair?
-
7:51 - 7:53Heck, no, that's why I care
most about climate change, -
7:53 - 7:55because it is absolutely unfair.
-
7:55 - 7:57Those who have contributed
the least to the problem -
7:57 - 7:59are bearing the brunt of the impacts.
-
7:59 - 8:00It went on to ask:
-
8:00 - 8:03Would it be beneficial to all,
would it build goodwill? -
8:03 - 8:05Well, to fix it certainly would.
-
8:05 - 8:10So I took my talk, and I reorganized it
into the Four-Way Test, -
8:10 - 8:13and then I gave it to this group
of conservative businesspeople -
8:13 - 8:14in West Texas.
-
8:14 - 8:15(Laughter)
-
8:15 - 8:17And I will never forget at the end,
-
8:17 - 8:21a local bank owner came up to me
with the most bemused look on his face. -
8:22 - 8:25And he said, "You know, I wasn't sure
about this whole global warming thing, -
8:25 - 8:28but it passed the Four-Way Test."
-
8:28 - 8:30(Laughter)
-
8:30 - 8:34(Applause)
-
8:38 - 8:41These values, though --
they have to be genuine. -
8:41 - 8:44I was giving a talk at a Christian college
a number of years ago, -
8:44 - 8:48and after my talk, a fellow scientist
came up and he said, -
8:48 - 8:49"I need some help.
-
8:49 - 8:53I've been really trying hard
to get my foot in the door -
8:53 - 8:54with our local churches,
-
8:54 - 8:56but I can't seem to get any traction.
-
8:56 - 8:59I want to talk to them
about why climate change matters." -
8:59 - 9:01So I said, "Well, the best thing to do
-
9:01 - 9:04is to start with the denomination
that you're part of, -
9:04 - 9:06because you share the most values
with those people. -
9:06 - 9:08What type of church do you attend?"
-
9:09 - 9:11"Oh, I don't attend any church,
I'm an atheist," he said. -
9:11 - 9:12(Laughter)
-
9:13 - 9:15I said, "Well, in that case,
starting with a faith community -
9:15 - 9:17is probably not the best idea.
-
9:18 - 9:21Let's talk about what you do enjoy doing,
what you are involved in." -
9:21 - 9:23And we were able to identify
a community group -
9:23 - 9:25that he was part of,
that he could start with. -
9:26 - 9:29The bottom line is, we don't have to be
a liberal tree hugger -
9:29 - 9:31to care about a changing climate.
-
9:31 - 9:34All we have to be is a human
living on this planet. -
9:35 - 9:37Because no matter where we live,
-
9:37 - 9:41climate change is already
affecting us today. -
9:43 - 9:45If we live along the coasts,
-
9:45 - 9:49in many places, we're already seeing
"sunny-day flooding." -
9:50 - 9:52If we live in western North America,
-
9:52 - 9:56we're seeing much greater area
being burned by wildfires. -
9:57 - 9:59If we live in many coastal locations,
-
9:59 - 10:01from the Gulf of Mexico
to the South Pacific, -
10:01 - 10:06we are seeing stronger hurricanes,
typhoons and cyclones, -
10:06 - 10:07powered by a warming ocean.
-
10:08 - 10:11If we live in Texas
or if we live in Syria, -
10:11 - 10:13we're seeing climate change
supersize our droughts, -
10:13 - 10:15making them more frequent and more severe.
-
10:16 - 10:20Wherever we live, we're already
being affected by a changing climate. -
10:20 - 10:22So you might say, "OK, that's good.
We can talk impacts. -
10:22 - 10:27We can scare the pants off people,
because this thing is serious." -
10:27 - 10:29And it is, believe me.
I'm a scientist, I know. -
10:29 - 10:30(Laughter)
-
10:30 - 10:34But fear is not
what is going to motivate us -
10:34 - 10:38for the long-term, sustained change
that we need to fix this thing. -
10:39 - 10:42Fear is designed to help us
run away from the bear. -
10:42 - 10:44Or just run faster
than the person beside us. -
10:44 - 10:46(Laughter)
-
10:47 - 10:52What we need to fix this thing
is rational hope. -
10:53 - 10:56Yes, we absolutely do need
to recognize what's at stake. -
10:56 - 10:58Of course we do.
-
10:59 - 11:02But we need a vision of a better future --
-
11:03 - 11:05a future with abundant energy,
-
11:06 - 11:08with a stable economy,
-
11:08 - 11:10with resources available to all,
-
11:10 - 11:15where our lives are not worse
but better than they are today. -
11:16 - 11:18There are solutions.
-
11:18 - 11:22And that's why the second important
thing that we have to talk about -
11:22 - 11:29is solutions -- practical, viable,
accessible, attractive solutions. -
11:29 - 11:31Like what?
-
11:31 - 11:33Well, there's no
silver bullet, as they say, -
11:33 - 11:35but there's plenty of silver buckshot.
-
11:35 - 11:37(Laughter)
-
11:39 - 11:41There's simple solutions
that save us money -
11:41 - 11:43and reduce our carbon footprint
at the same time. -
11:44 - 11:45Yes, light bulbs.
-
11:46 - 11:47I love my plug-in car.
-
11:48 - 11:50I'd like some solar shingles.
-
11:50 - 11:55But imagine if every home
came with a switch beside the front door, -
11:55 - 11:59that when you left the house, you could
turn off everything except your fridge. -
11:59 - 12:00And maybe the DVR.
-
12:00 - 12:02(Laughter)
-
12:02 - 12:07Lifestyle choices: eating local,
eating lower down the food chain -
12:07 - 12:10and reducing food waste,
which at the global scale, -
12:10 - 12:14is one of the most important things
that we can do to fix this problem. -
12:14 - 12:16I'm a climate scientist,
-
12:16 - 12:20so the irony of traveling around
to talk to people about a changing climate -
12:20 - 12:22is not lost on me.
-
12:22 - 12:23(Laughter)
-
12:24 - 12:27The biggest part of my personal
carbon footprint is my travel. -
12:28 - 12:31And that's why I carefully
collect my invitations. -
12:31 - 12:34I usually don't go anywhere
unless I have a critical mass -
12:34 - 12:36of invitations in one place --
-
12:36 - 12:37anywhere from three to four
-
12:37 - 12:41to sometimes even as many as
10 or 15 talks in a given place -- -
12:41 - 12:44so I can minimize the impact
of my carbon footprint -
12:44 - 12:45as much as possible.
-
12:45 - 12:49And I've transitioned nearly
three-quarters of the talks I give -
12:49 - 12:50to video.
-
12:50 - 12:53Often, people will say,
"Well, we've never done that before." -
12:53 - 12:56But I say, "Well, let's give it a try,
I think it could work." -
12:59 - 13:00Most of all, though,
-
13:00 - 13:04we need to talk about what's already
happening today around the world -
13:04 - 13:06and what could happen in the future.
-
13:07 - 13:08Now, I live in Texas,
-
13:08 - 13:13and Texas has the highest carbon emissions
of any state in the United States. -
13:13 - 13:16You might say, "Well,
what can you talk about in Texas?" -
13:16 - 13:18The answer is: a lot.
-
13:19 - 13:23Did you know that in Texas
there's over 25,000 jobs -
13:23 - 13:25in the wind energy industry?
-
13:25 - 13:28We are almost up to 20 percent
of our electricity -
13:28 - 13:31from clean, renewable sources,
most of that wind, -
13:31 - 13:32though solar is growing quickly.
-
13:33 - 13:36The largest army base
in the United States, Fort Hood, -
13:36 - 13:37is, of course, in Texas.
-
13:38 - 13:42And they've been powered
by wind and solar energy now, -
13:42 - 13:45because it's saving taxpayers
over 150 million dollars. -
13:46 - 13:47Yes.
-
13:47 - 13:52(Applause)
-
13:52 - 13:56What about those who don't have
the resources that we have? -
13:56 - 13:59In sub-Saharan Africa,
there are hundreds of millions of people -
13:59 - 14:02who don't have access to any type
of energy except kerosine, -
14:02 - 14:03and it's very expensive.
-
14:03 - 14:05Around the entire world,
-
14:05 - 14:10the fastest-growing type
of new energy today is solar. -
14:11 - 14:13And they have plenty of solar.
-
14:14 - 14:19So social impact investors,
nonprofits, even corporations -
14:19 - 14:22are going in and using innovative
new microfinancing schemes, -
14:22 - 14:24like, pay-as-you-go solar,
-
14:25 - 14:28so that people can buy
the power they need in increments, -
14:28 - 14:29sometimes even on their cell phone.
-
14:30 - 14:33One company, Azuri, has distributed
tens of thousands of units -
14:33 - 14:36across 11 countries,
from Rwanda to Uganda. -
14:37 - 14:41They estimate that they've powered
over 30 million hours of electricity -
14:41 - 14:43and over 10 million hours
of cell phone charging. -
14:45 - 14:49What about the giant growing
economies of China and India? -
14:50 - 14:53Well, climate impacts might seem
a little further down the road, -
14:53 - 14:55but air quality impacts
are right here today. -
14:55 - 14:59And they know that clean energy
is essential to powering their future. -
15:00 - 15:06So China is investing hundreds
of billions of dollars in clean energy. -
15:06 - 15:07They're flooding coal mines,
-
15:07 - 15:10and they're putting floating
solar panels on the surface. -
15:10 - 15:12They also have a panda-shaped solar farm.
-
15:12 - 15:14(Applause)
-
15:14 - 15:15(Laughter)
-
15:15 - 15:17Yes, they're still burning coal.
-
15:17 - 15:20But they've shut down
all the coal plants around Beijing. -
15:21 - 15:23And in India, they're looking to replace
-
15:23 - 15:27a quarter of a billion
incandescent light bulbs with LEDs, -
15:27 - 15:30which will save them
seven billion dollars in energy costs. -
15:31 - 15:33They're investing in green jobs,
-
15:33 - 15:37and they're looking to decarbonize
their entire vehicle fleet. -
15:37 - 15:40India may be the first country
to industrialize -
15:40 - 15:43without relying primarily on fossil fuels.
-
15:44 - 15:46The world is changing.
-
15:46 - 15:49But it just isn't changing fast enough.
-
15:49 - 15:51Too often, we picture this problem
-
15:51 - 15:54as a giant boulder
sitting at the bottom of a hill, -
15:54 - 15:57with only a few hands on it,
trying to roll it up the hill. -
15:57 - 16:00But in reality, that boulder
is already at the top of the hill. -
16:00 - 16:03And it's got hundreds of millions
of hands, maybe even billions on it, -
16:03 - 16:04pushing it down.
-
16:04 - 16:07It just isn't going fast enough.
-
16:07 - 16:12So how do we speed up that giant boulder
so we can fix climate change in time? -
16:13 - 16:14You guessed it.
-
16:14 - 16:17The number one way is by talking about it.
-
16:18 - 16:19The bottom line is this:
-
16:21 - 16:25climate change is affecting you and me
right here, right now, -
16:25 - 16:27in the places where we live.
-
16:29 - 16:31But by working together, we can fix it.
-
16:32 - 16:33Sure, it's a daunting problem.
-
16:33 - 16:36Nobody knows that more
than us climate scientists. -
16:36 - 16:39But we can't give in to despair.
-
16:39 - 16:42We have to go out and actively look
for the hope that we need, -
16:42 - 16:45that will inspire us to act.
-
16:45 - 16:50And that hope begins
with a conversation today. -
16:51 - 16:52Thank you.
-
16:52 - 16:58(Applause)
- Title:
- The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it
- Speaker:
- Katharine Hayhoe
- Description:
-
How do you talk to someone who doesn't believe in climate change? Not by rehashing the same data and facts we've been discussing for years, says climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe. In this inspiring, pragmatic talk, Hayhoe shows how the key to having a real discussion is to connect over shared values like family, community and religion -- and to prompt people to realize that they already care about a changing climate. "We can't give in to despair," she says. "We have to go out and look for the hope we need to inspire us to act -- and that hope begins with a conversation, today."
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 17:11
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it |