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Hello to everyone!
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My name is Yeelena De Bels and I am going to introduce you the research I worked on during these last 18 moths at ANRT (Atelier National de Recherche Typographique).
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Those research focused on thinking and building a digital platform in order to inform about the design of diacritical marks.
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Diacritical signs are marks that can be added to graphemes, graphemes being the smallest units of each writing system.
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If we take the example of the Latin alphabet, letters are graphemes.
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These diacritical signs can take different forms.
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For example, they can be added on top of a letter,
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below,
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or through a letter.
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These signs can also have contextual alternates and thus change of form according to the letter to which they are added.
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Here, we can see the caron taking the shape of an apostrophe when added to a d or a t.
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These marks can also be linked to the letter, like the cedilla or the ogonek.
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They can also be stackabled in order to create a new sign and thus having a new meaning or use.
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If you take the case of the French language, you can see that diacritics can answer to different needs.
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Grave accent can be used to distinguish to words having the same spelling and pronunciation.
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Circumflex is used to signify the elision of a letter. Here, the disappearance of the 's'.
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Diaeresis is often used to indicate if two letters should not be used together to make a new sound.
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French language is using a lot the association between two vowels to create new sounds making it necessary to use the diaeresis to indicate when an association is not welcomed.
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Grave accent can also be used to change the pronunciation of two words having the same spelling.
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It allows us to distinguish "Le Palais des Congres" and "Le Palais des Congrès".
