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Chris Anderson: Dr. Jane Goodall, welcome.

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Jane Goodall: Thank you,

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and I think, you know,
we couldn't have a complete interview

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unless people know Mr. H is with me,

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because everybody knows Mr. H.

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CA: Hello, Mr. H.

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In your TED Talk 17 years ago,

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you warned us about the dangers
of humans crowding out the natural world.

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Is there any sense in which you feel

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that the current pandemic
is kind of, nature striking back?

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JG: It's very, very clear
that these zoonotic diseases,

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like the corona and HIV/AIDS

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and all sorts of other diseases
that we catch from animals,

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that's partly to do
with destruction of the environment,

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which, as animals lose habitat,
they get crowded together

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and sometimes that means
that a virus from a reservoir species,

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where it's lived harmoniously
for maybe hundreds of years,

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jumps into a new species,

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then you also get animals being pushed
into closer contact with humans.

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And sometimes one of these animals
that has caught a virus can --

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you know, provides the opportunity
for that virus to jump into people

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and create a new disease, like COVID-19.

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And in addition to that,

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we are so disrespecting animals.

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We hunt them,

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we kill them, we eat them,

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we traffic them,

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we send them off
to the wild-animal markets

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in Asia,

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where they're in terrible,
cramped conditions, in tiny cages,

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with people being contaminated
with blood and urine and feces,

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ideal conditions for a virus
to spill from an animal to an animal,

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or an animal to a person.

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CA: I'd love to just dip
backwards in time for a bit,

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because your story is so extraordinary.

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I mean, despite the arguably
even more sexist attitudes of the 1960s,

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somehow you were able to break through

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and become one of the world's
leading scientists,

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discovering this astonishing
series of facts about chimpanzees,

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such as their tool use and so much more.

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What was it about you, do you think,

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that allowed you to make
such a breakthrough?

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JG: Well, the thing is,
I was born loving animals,

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and the most important thing was,
I had a very supportive mother.

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She didn't get mad when she found
earthworms in my bed,

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she just said they better be
in the garden.

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And she didn't get mad
when I disappeared for four hours

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and she called the police,
and I was sitting in a hen house,

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because nobody would tell me
where the hole was where the egg came out.

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I had no dream of being a scientist,

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because women didn't do
that sort of thing.

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In fact, there weren't any man
doing it back then, either.

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And everybody laughed at me except Mom,

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who said, "If you really want this,
you're going to have to work awfully hard,

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take advantage of every opportunity,

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if you don't give up,
maybe you'll find a way."

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CA: And somehow, you were able to kind of,
earn the trust of chimpanzees

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in the way that no one else had.

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Looking back, what were the most
exciting moments that you discovered

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or what is it that people
still don't get about chimpanzees?

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JG: Well, the thing is,
you say, "See things nobody else had,

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get their trust."

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Nobody else had tried.

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Quite honestly.

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So, basically, I used the same techniques

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that I had to study the animals
around my home when I was a child.

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Just sitting, patiently,

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not trying to get too close too quickly,

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but it was awful, because the money
was only for six months.

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I mean, you can imagine
how difficult to get money

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for a young girl with no degree,

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to go and do something as bizarre
as sitting in a forest.

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And you know, finally,

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we got money for six months
from an American philanthropist,

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and I knew with time
I'd get the chimps' trust,

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but did I have time?

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And weeks became months
and then finally, after about four months,

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one chimpanzee began to lose his fear,

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and it was he that
on one occasion I saw --

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I still wasn't really close,
but I had my binoculars --

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and I saw him using and making tools
to fish for termites.

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And although I wasn't terribly surprised,

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because I've read about things
captive chimps could do --

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but I knew that science believed

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that humans, and only humans,
used and made tools.

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And I knew how excited 
[Dr. Louis] Leakey would be.

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And it was that observation

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that enabled him to go
to the National Geographic,

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and they said, "OK, we'll continue
to support the research,"

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and they sent Hugo van Lawick,
the photographer-filmmaker,

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to record what I was seeing.

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So a lot of scientists
didn't want to believe the tool-using.

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In fact, one of them said
I must have taught the chimps.

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(Laughter)

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Since I couldn't get near them,
it would have been a miracle.

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But anyway, once they saw Hugo's film

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and that with all my descriptions
of their behavior,

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the scientists had to start
changing their minds.

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CA: And since then,
numerous other discoveries

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that placed chimpanzees much closer
to humans than people cared to believe.

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I think I saw you say at one point
that they have a sense of humor.

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How have you seen that expressed?

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JG: Well, you see it
when they're playing games,

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and there's a bigger one
playing with a little one,

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and he's trailing a vine around a tree.

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And every time the little one
is about to catch it,

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the bigger one pulls it away,

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and the little one starts crying

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and the big one starts laughing.

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So, you know.

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CA: And then, Jane, you observed
something much more troubling,

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which was these instances
of chimpanzee gangs,

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tribes, groups, being brutally
violent to each other.

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I'm curious how you process that.

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And whether it made you, kind of,

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I don't know, depressed about us,
we're close to them,

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did it make you feel
that violence is irredeemably

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part of all the great apes, somehow?

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JG: Well, it obviously is.

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And my first encounter
with human, what I call evil,

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was the end of the war

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and the pictures from the Holocaust.

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And you know, that really shocked me.

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That changed who I was.

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I was 10, I think, at the time.

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And when the chimpanzees,

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when I realized they have this
dark, brutal side,

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I thought they were like us but nicer.

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And then I realized
they're even more like us

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than I had thought.

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And at that time, in the early '70s,

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it was very strange,

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aggression, there was a big thing

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about, is aggression innate or learned.

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And it became political.

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And it was, I don't know,
it was a very strange time,

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and I was coming out, saying,

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"No, I think aggression is definitely

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part of our inherited
repertoire of behaviors."

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And I asked a very respected scientist
what he really thought,

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because he was coming out
on the clean slate,

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aggression is learned,

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and he said, "Jane, I'd rather not talk
about what I really think."

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That was a big shock
as far as science was concerned for me.

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CA: I was brought up to believe a world
of all things bright and beautiful.

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You know, numerous beautiful films
of butterflies and bees and flowers,

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and you know, nature
as this gorgeous landscape.

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And many environmentalists
often seem to take the stance,

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"Yes, nature is pure,
nature is beautiful, humans are bad,"

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but then you have the kind of
observations that you see,

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when you actually look
at any part of nature in more detail,

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you see things to be
terrified by, honestly.

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What do you make of nature,
how do you think of it,

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how should we think of it?

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JG: Nature is, you know,

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I mean, you think of the whole
spectrum of evolution,

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and there's something about going
to a pristine place,

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and Africa was very pristine
when I was young.

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And there were animals everywhere.

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And I never liked the fact
that lions killed,

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they have to, I mean, that's what they do,

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if they didn't kill animals,
they would die.

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And the big difference
between them and us, I think,

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is that they do what they do
because that's what they have to do.

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And we can plan to do things.

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Our plans are very different.

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We can plan to cut down a whole forest,

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because we want to sell the timber,

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or because we want to build
another shopping mall,

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something like that.

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So our destruction of nature
and our warfare,

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we're capable of evil
because we can sit comfortably

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and plan the torture of somebody far away.

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That's evil.

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Chimpanzees have a sort of primitive war,

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and they can be very aggressive,

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but it's of the moment.

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It's how they feel.

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It's response to an emotion.

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CA: So your observation
of the sophistication of chimpanzees

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doesn't go as far as what
some people would want to say

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is the sort of the human superpower,

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of being able to really simulate
the future in our minds in great detail

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and make long-term plans.

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And act to encourage each other
to achieve those long-term plans.

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That that feels, even to someone
who spent so much time with chimpanzees,

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that feels like a fundamentally
different skill set

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that we just have to take
responsibility for

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and use much more wisely than we do.

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JG: Yes, and I personally think,

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I mean, there's a lot
of discussion about this,

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but I think it's a fact that we developed
the way of communication

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that you and I are using.

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And because we have words,

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I mean, animal communication
is way more sophisticated

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than we used to think.

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And chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans

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can learn human sign language of the Deaf.

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But we sort of grow up speaking
whatever language it is.

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So I can tell you about things
that you've never heard of.

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And a chimpanzee couldn't do that.

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And we can teach our children
about abstract things.

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And chimpanzees couldn't do that.

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So yes, chimpanzees can do
all sorts of clever things,

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and so can elephants and so can crows
and so can octopuses,

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but we design rockets
that go off to another planet

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and little robots taking photographs,

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and we've designed this extraordinary way
of you and me talking

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in our different parts of the world.

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When I was young, when I grew up,

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there was no TV,
there were no cell phones,

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there was no computers.

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It was such a different world,

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I had a pencil, pen
and notebook, that was it.

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CA: So just going back
to this question about nature,

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because I think about this a lot,

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and I struggle with this, honestly.

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So much of your work,
so much of so many people who I respect,

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is about this passion for trying
not to screw up the natural world.

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So is it possible, is it healthy,
is it essential, perhaps,

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to simultaneously accept
that many aspects of nature

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are terrifying,

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but also, I don't know, that it's awesome,

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and that some of the awesomeness
comes from its potential to be terrifying

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and that it is also just
breathtakingly beautiful,

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and that we cannot be ourselves,
because we are part of nature,

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we cannot be whole

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unless we somehow embrace it
and are part of it?

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Help me with the language, Jane,
on how that relationship should be.

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JG: Well, I think one of the problems is,
you know, as we developed our intellect,

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and we became better and better

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at modifying the environment
for our own use,

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and creating fields and growing crops

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where it used to be forest or woodland,

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and you know, we won't go into that now,

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but we have this ability to change nature.

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And as we've moved more
into towns and cities,

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and relied more on technology,

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many people feel so divorced
from the natural world.

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And there's hundreds,
thousands of children

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growing up in inner cities,

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where there basically isn't any nature,

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00:13:04,083 --> 00:13:09,143
which is why this movement now
to green our cities is so important.

244
00:13:09,167 --> 00:13:11,518
And you know, they've done experiments,

245
00:13:11,542 --> 00:13:14,809
I think it was in Chicago,
I'm not quite sure,

246
00:13:14,833 --> 00:13:17,893
and there were various empty lots

247
00:13:17,917 --> 00:13:21,684
in a very violent part of town.

248
00:13:21,708 --> 00:13:24,768
So in some of those areas
they made it green,

249
00:13:24,792 --> 00:13:29,809
they put trees and flowers and things,
shrubs in these vacant lots.

250
00:13:29,833 --> 00:13:33,184
And the crime rate went right down.

251
00:13:33,208 --> 00:13:35,708
So then of course,
they put trees in the other half.

252
00:13:36,917 --> 00:13:38,851
So it just shows, and also,

253
00:13:38,875 --> 00:13:41,643
there have been studies done
showing that children

254
00:13:41,667 --> 00:13:45,917
really need green nature
for good psychological development.

255
00:13:46,875 --> 00:13:50,101
But we are, as you say, part of nature

256
00:13:50,125 --> 00:13:54,351
and we disrespect it, as we are,

257
00:13:54,375 --> 00:13:57,309
and that is so terrible for our children

258
00:13:57,333 --> 00:13:58,809
and our children's children,

259
00:13:58,833 --> 00:14:02,851
because we rely on nature
for clean air, clean water,

260
00:14:02,875 --> 00:14:06,434
for regulating climate and rainfall.

261
00:14:06,458 --> 00:14:09,226
Look what we've done,
look at the climate crisis.

262
00:14:09,250 --> 00:14:11,476
That's us. We did that.

263
00:14:11,500 --> 00:14:13,184
CA: So a little over 30 years ago,

264
00:14:13,208 --> 00:14:19,018
you made this shift from scientist mainly
to activist mainly, I guess.

265
00:14:19,042 --> 00:14:20,292
Why?

266
00:14:21,333 --> 00:14:26,809
JG: Conference in 1986,
scientific one, I'd got my PhD by then

267
00:14:26,833 --> 00:14:30,559
and it was to find out
how chimp behavior differed, if it did,

268
00:14:30,583 --> 00:14:32,143
from one environment to another.

269
00:14:32,167 --> 00:14:34,559
There were six study sites across Africa.

270
00:14:34,583 --> 00:14:38,268
So we thought, let’s bring
these scientists together

271
00:14:38,292 --> 00:14:39,684
and explore this,

272
00:14:39,708 --> 00:14:41,226
which was fascinating.

273
00:14:41,250 --> 00:14:43,893
But we also had a session on conservation

274
00:14:43,917 --> 00:14:47,768
and a session on conditions
in some captive situations

275
00:14:47,792 --> 00:14:49,893
like medical research.

276
00:14:49,917 --> 00:14:54,184
And those two sessions
were so shocking to me.

277
00:14:54,208 --> 00:14:56,768
I went to the conference a a scientist,

278
00:14:56,792 --> 00:14:58,351
and I left as an activist.

279
00:14:58,375 --> 00:15:02,184
I didn't make the decision,
something happened inside me.

280
00:15:02,208 --> 00:15:05,726
CA: So you spent the last 34 years

281
00:15:05,750 --> 00:15:08,434
sort of tirelessly campaigning
for a better relationship

282
00:15:08,458 --> 00:15:11,750
between people and nature.

283
00:15:12,667 --> 00:15:17,750
What should that relationship look like?

284
00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:23,809
JG: Well, you know, again you come up
with all these problems.

285
00:15:23,833 --> 00:15:26,583
People have to have space to live.

286
00:15:27,625 --> 00:15:29,726
But I think the problem is

287
00:15:29,750 --> 00:15:33,309
that we've become,
in the affluent societies,

288
00:15:33,333 --> 00:15:34,726
too greedy.

289
00:15:34,750 --> 00:15:40,018
I mean, honestly, who needs
four houses with huge grounds?

290
00:15:40,042 --> 00:15:43,684
And why do we need
yet another shopping mall?

291
00:15:43,708 --> 00:15:45,434
And so on and so on.

292
00:15:45,458 --> 00:15:50,434
So we are looking
at short-term economic benefit,

293
00:15:50,458 --> 00:15:53,518
money has become a sort of god to worship,

294
00:15:53,542 --> 00:15:57,601
as we lose all spiritual connection
with the natural world.

295
00:15:57,625 --> 00:16:03,351
And so we're looking for short-term
monetary gain, or power,

296
00:16:03,375 --> 00:16:06,018
rather than the health of the planet

297
00:16:06,042 --> 00:16:08,083
and the future of our children.

298
00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:12,101
We don't seem to care about that anymore.

299
00:16:12,125 --> 00:16:15,226
That's why I'll never stop fighting.

300
00:16:15,250 --> 00:16:19,059
CA: I mean, in your work
specifically on chimpanzee conservation,

301
00:16:19,083 --> 00:16:24,268
you've made it practice
to put people at the center of that,

302
00:16:24,292 --> 00:16:26,393
local people, to engage them.

303
00:16:26,417 --> 00:16:27,684
How has that worked

304
00:16:27,708 --> 00:16:29,851
and do you think that's an essential idea

305
00:16:29,875 --> 00:16:32,934
if we're to succeed
in protecting the planet?

306
00:16:32,958 --> 00:16:35,434
JG: You know, after that
famous conference,

307
00:16:35,458 --> 00:16:39,018
I thought, well, I must learn more
about why chimps are vanishing in Africa

308
00:16:39,042 --> 00:16:40,893
and what's happening to the forest.

309
00:16:40,917 --> 00:16:45,976
So I got a bit of money together
and went out to visit six range countries.

310
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:50,018
And learned a lot about the problems
faced by chimps, you know,

311
00:16:50,042 --> 00:16:52,809
hunting for bushmeat
and the live animal trade

312
00:16:52,833 --> 00:16:54,518
and caught in snares

313
00:16:54,542 --> 00:16:58,934
and human populations growing
and needing more land

314
00:16:58,958 --> 00:17:02,684
for their crops and their cattle
and their villages.

315
00:17:02,708 --> 00:17:07,434
But I was also learning about the plight
faced by so many people.

316
00:17:07,458 --> 00:17:11,018
The absolute poverty,
the lack of health and education,

317
00:17:11,042 --> 00:17:13,518
the degradation of the land.

318
00:17:13,542 --> 00:17:18,518
And it came to a head when I flew over
the tiny Gombe National Park.

319
00:17:18,542 --> 00:17:22,809
It had been part of this equatorial
forest belt right across Africa

320
00:17:22,833 --> 00:17:24,101
to the west coast,

321
00:17:24,125 --> 00:17:25,434
and in 1990,

322
00:17:25,458 --> 00:17:29,101
it was just this little island of forest,
just tiny national park.

323
00:17:29,125 --> 00:17:31,018
All around, the hills were bare.

324
00:17:31,042 --> 00:17:32,768
And that's when it hit me.

325
00:17:32,792 --> 00:17:34,601
If we don't do something

326
00:17:34,625 --> 00:17:36,893
to help the people find ways of living

327
00:17:36,917 --> 00:17:39,518
without destroying their environment,

328
00:17:39,542 --> 00:17:42,226
we can't even try to save the chimps.

329
00:17:42,250 --> 00:17:45,976
So the Jane Goodall Institute
began this program "Take Care,"

330
00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:48,018
we call it "TACARE."

331
00:17:48,042 --> 00:17:51,976
And it's our method
of community-based conservation,

332
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:54,101
totally holistic.

333
00:17:54,125 --> 00:17:57,351
And we've now put the tools
of conservation

334
00:17:57,375 --> 00:17:59,226
into the hand of the villagers,

335
00:17:59,250 --> 00:18:04,351
because most Tanzanian wild chimps
are not in protected areas,

336
00:18:04,375 --> 00:18:07,143
they're just in the village
forest reserves.

337
00:18:07,167 --> 00:18:12,434
And so, they now go and measure
the health of their forest.

338
00:18:12,458 --> 00:18:14,684
They've understood now

339
00:18:14,708 --> 00:18:18,268
that protecting the forest
isn't just for wildlife,

340
00:18:18,292 --> 00:18:19,768
it's their own future.

341
00:18:19,792 --> 00:18:22,226
That they need the forest.

342
00:18:22,250 --> 00:18:23,601
And they're very proud.

343
00:18:23,625 --> 00:18:25,726
The volunteers go to workshops,

344
00:18:25,750 --> 00:18:27,809
they learn how to use smartphones,

345
00:18:27,833 --> 00:18:32,601
they learn how to upload
into platform and the cloud.

346
00:18:32,625 --> 00:18:35,476
And so it's all transparent.

347
00:18:35,500 --> 00:18:37,643
And the trees have come back,

348
00:18:37,667 --> 00:18:39,726
there's no bare hills anymore.

349
00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:44,476
They agreed to make
a buffer zone around Gombe,

350
00:18:44,500 --> 00:18:47,893
so the chimps have more forest
than they did in 1990.

351
00:18:47,917 --> 00:18:49,851
They're opening up corridors of forest

352
00:18:49,875 --> 00:18:55,268
to link the scattered chimp groups
so that you don't get too much inbreeding.

353
00:18:55,292 --> 00:18:58,434
So yes, it's worked,
and it's in six other countries now.

354
00:18:58,458 --> 00:18:59,726
Same thing.

355
00:18:59,750 --> 00:19:05,351
CA: I mean, you've been this extraordinary
tireless voice, all around the world,

356
00:19:05,375 --> 00:19:07,309
just traveling so much,

357
00:19:07,333 --> 00:19:10,601
speaking everywhere,
inspiring people everywhere.

358
00:19:10,625 --> 00:19:15,601
How on earth do you find the energy,

359
00:19:15,625 --> 00:19:17,268
you know, the fire to do that,

360
00:19:17,292 --> 00:19:20,476
because that is exhausting to do,

361
00:19:20,500 --> 00:19:23,018
every meeting with lots of people,

362
00:19:23,042 --> 00:19:25,101
it is just physically exhausting,

363
00:19:25,125 --> 00:19:28,143
and yet, here you are, still doing it.

364
00:19:28,167 --> 00:19:30,125
How are you doing this, Jane?

365
00:19:31,042 --> 00:19:36,393
JG: Well, I suppose, you know,
I'm obstinate, I don't like giving up,

366
00:19:36,417 --> 00:19:41,684
but I'm not going to let
these CEOs of big companies

367
00:19:41,708 --> 00:19:43,226
who are destroying the forests,

368
00:19:43,250 --> 00:19:49,809
or the politicians who are unraveling
all the protections that were put in place

369
00:19:49,833 --> 00:19:51,143
by previous presidents,

370
00:19:51,167 --> 00:19:53,976
and you know who I'm talking about.

371
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:56,143
And you know, I'll go on fighting,

372
00:19:56,167 --> 00:20:00,268
I care about, I'm passionate
about the wildlife.

373
00:20:00,292 --> 00:20:02,976
I'm passionate about the natural world.

374
00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:07,434
I love forests, it hurts me
to see them damaged.

375
00:20:07,458 --> 00:20:10,351
And I care passionately about children.

376
00:20:10,375 --> 00:20:12,434
And we're stealing their future.

377
00:20:12,458 --> 00:20:14,184
And I'm not going to give up.

378
00:20:14,208 --> 00:20:19,143
So I guess I'm blessed
with good genes, that's a gift,

379
00:20:19,167 --> 00:20:22,768
and the other gift,
which I discovered I had,

380
00:20:22,792 --> 00:20:24,226
was communication,

381
00:20:24,250 --> 00:20:26,893
whether it's writing or speaking.

382
00:20:26,917 --> 00:20:28,976
And so, you know,

383
00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:31,893
if going around like this wasn't working,

384
00:20:31,917 --> 00:20:35,018
but every time I do a lecture,

385
00:20:35,042 --> 00:20:36,393
people come up and say,

386
00:20:36,417 --> 00:20:38,768
"Well, I had given up,
but you've inspired me,

387
00:20:38,792 --> 00:20:41,059
I promise to do my bit."

388
00:20:41,083 --> 00:20:45,976
And we have our youth program
"Roots and Shoots" now in 65 countries

389
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:47,559
and growing fast,

390
00:20:47,583 --> 00:20:48,851
all ages,

391
00:20:48,875 --> 00:20:52,018
all choosing projects to help
people, animals, the environment,

392
00:20:52,042 --> 00:20:54,643
rolling up their sleeves
and taking action.

393
00:20:54,667 --> 00:20:57,809
And you know, they look at you
with shining eyes,

394
00:20:57,833 --> 00:21:00,309
wanting to tell Dr. Jane
what they've been doing

395
00:21:00,333 --> 00:21:02,101
to make the world a better place.

396
00:21:02,125 --> 00:21:03,934
How can I let them down?

397
00:21:03,958 --> 00:21:07,226
CA: I mean, as you look
at the planet's future,

398
00:21:07,250 --> 00:21:08,893
what worries you most, actually,

399
00:21:08,917 --> 00:21:12,292
what scares you most about where we're at?

400
00:21:13,750 --> 00:21:19,101
JG: Well, the fact that we have
a small window of time, I believe,

401
00:21:19,125 --> 00:21:22,643
when we can at least start
healing some of the harm

402
00:21:22,667 --> 00:21:25,726
and slowing down climate change.

403
00:21:25,750 --> 00:21:27,726
But it is closing,

404
00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:32,934
and we've seen what happens
with the lockdown around the world

405
00:21:32,958 --> 00:21:35,018
because of COVID-19:

406
00:21:35,042 --> 00:21:37,226
clear skies over cities,

407
00:21:37,250 --> 00:21:41,101
some people breathing clean air
that they've never breathed before

408
00:21:41,125 --> 00:21:44,059
and looking up
at the shining skies at night,

409
00:21:44,083 --> 00:21:46,684
which they've never seen properly before.

410
00:21:46,708 --> 00:21:49,059
And you know,

411
00:21:49,083 --> 00:21:52,143
so what worries me most

412
00:21:52,167 --> 00:21:55,476
is how to get enough people,

413
00:21:55,500 --> 00:21:57,786
people understand,
but they're not taking action,

414
00:21:57,810 --> 00:22:00,434
how to get enough people to take action?

415
00:22:00,458 --> 00:22:06,184
CA: National Geographic just launched
this extraordinary film about you,

416
00:22:06,208 --> 00:22:09,768
highlighting your work over six decades.

417
00:22:09,792 --> 00:22:13,208
It's titled "Jane Goodall: The Hope."

418
00:22:14,042 --> 00:22:16,018
So what is the hope, Jane?

419
00:22:16,042 --> 00:22:17,309
JG: Well, the hope,

420
00:22:17,333 --> 00:22:19,393
my greatest hope
is all these young people.

421
00:22:19,417 --> 00:22:21,976
I mean, in China,
people will come up and say,

422
00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:24,143
"Well, of course I care
about the environment,

423
00:22:24,167 --> 00:22:26,434
I was in 'Roots and Shoots'
in primary school."

424
00:22:26,458 --> 00:22:29,768
And you know, we have "Roots and Shoots"
just hanging on to the values

425
00:22:29,792 --> 00:22:34,601
and they're so enthusiastic
once they know the problems

426
00:22:34,625 --> 00:22:36,476
and they're empowered to take action,

427
00:22:36,500 --> 00:22:40,667
they are clearing the streams,
removing invasive species humanely.

428
00:22:41,958 --> 00:22:43,684
And they have so many ideas.

429
00:22:43,708 --> 00:22:48,393
And then there's, you know,
this extraordinary intellect of ours.

430
00:22:48,417 --> 00:22:52,476
We're beginning to use it
to come up with technology

431
00:22:52,500 --> 00:22:55,351
that really will help us
to live in greater harmony,

432
00:22:55,375 --> 00:22:56,976
and in our individual lives,

433
00:22:57,000 --> 00:23:01,101
let's think about the consequences
of what we do each day.

434
00:23:01,125 --> 00:23:03,226
What do we buy, where did it come from,

435
00:23:03,250 --> 00:23:04,809
how was it made?

436
00:23:04,833 --> 00:23:07,768
Did it harm the environment,
was it cruel to animals?

437
00:23:07,792 --> 00:23:10,143
Is it cheap because of child slave labor?

438
00:23:10,167 --> 00:23:12,018
Make ethical choices.

439
00:23:12,042 --> 00:23:15,559
Which you can't do if you're living
in poverty, by the way.

440
00:23:15,583 --> 00:23:18,268
And then finally, this indomitable spirit

441
00:23:18,292 --> 00:23:20,893
of people who tackle what seems impossible

442
00:23:20,917 --> 00:23:23,351
and won't give up.

443
00:23:23,375 --> 00:23:26,476
You can't give up when you have those ...

444
00:23:26,500 --> 00:23:29,018
But you know, there are things
that I can't fight.

445
00:23:29,042 --> 00:23:31,625
I can't fight corruption.

446
00:23:32,833 --> 00:23:36,958
I can't fight military
regimes and dictators.

447
00:23:38,625 --> 00:23:40,476
So I can only do what I can do,

448
00:23:40,500 --> 00:23:43,893
and if we all do the bits that we can do,

449
00:23:43,917 --> 00:23:47,809
surely that makes a whole
that eventually will win out.

450
00:23:47,833 --> 00:23:49,226
CA: So, last question, Jane.

451
00:23:49,250 --> 00:23:51,559
If there was one idea, one thought,

452
00:23:51,583 --> 00:23:56,309
one seed you could plant
in the minds of everyone watching this,

453
00:23:56,333 --> 00:23:58,184
what would that be?

454
00:23:58,208 --> 00:24:02,351
JG: You know, just remember
that every day you live,

455
00:24:02,375 --> 00:24:04,726
you make an impact on the planet.

456
00:24:04,750 --> 00:24:07,018
You can't help making an impact.

457
00:24:07,042 --> 00:24:10,601
And at least, unless
you're living in extreme poverty,

458
00:24:10,625 --> 00:24:13,851
you have a choice as to what sort
of impact you make.

459
00:24:13,875 --> 00:24:15,809
Even in poverty you have a choice,

460
00:24:15,833 --> 00:24:19,726
but when we are more affluent,
we have a greater choice.

461
00:24:19,750 --> 00:24:22,643
And if we all make ethical choices,

462
00:24:22,667 --> 00:24:25,809
then we start moving towards a world

463
00:24:25,833 --> 00:24:30,893
that will be not quite so desperate
to leave to our great-grandchildren.

464
00:24:30,917 --> 00:24:35,684
That's, I think, something for everybody.

465
00:24:35,708 --> 00:24:38,684
Because a lot of people
understand what's happening,

466
00:24:38,708 --> 00:24:41,476
but they feel helpless and hopeless,
and what can they do,

467
00:24:41,500 --> 00:24:44,059
so they do nothing
and they become apathetic.

468
00:24:44,083 --> 00:24:46,875
And that is a huge danger, apathy.

469
00:24:47,750 --> 00:24:49,934
CA: Dr. Jane Goodall, wow.

470
00:24:49,958 --> 00:24:53,934
I really want to thank you
for your extraordinary life,

471
00:24:53,958 --> 00:24:55,976
for all that you've done

472
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:57,858
and for spending this time with us now.

473
00:24:57,882 --> 00:24:59,268
Thank you.

474
00:24:59,292 --> 00:25:00,542
JG: Thank you.