0:00:01.750,0:00:03.792
Chris Anderson: Dr. Jane Goodall, welcome.

0:00:04.875,0:00:06.143
Jane Goodall: Thank you,

0:00:06.167,0:00:10.101
and I think, you know,[br]we couldn't have a complete interview

0:00:10.125,0:00:12.268
unless people know Mr. H is with me,

0:00:12.292,0:00:14.417
because everybody knows Mr. H.

0:00:16.083,0:00:17.625
CA: Hello, Mr. H.

0:00:18.667,0:00:20.934
In your TED Talk 17 years ago,

0:00:20.958,0:00:26.684
you warned us about the dangers[br]of humans crowding out the natural world.

0:00:26.708,0:00:28.559
Is there any sense in which you feel

0:00:28.583,0:00:32.476
that the current pandemic[br]is kind of, nature striking back?

0:00:32.500,0:00:37.559
JG: It's very, very clear[br]that these zoonotic diseases,

0:00:37.583,0:00:42.518
like the corona and HIV/AIDS

0:00:42.542,0:00:46.893
and all sorts of other diseases[br]that we catch from animals,

0:00:46.917,0:00:50.059
that's partly to do[br]with destruction of the environment,

0:00:50.083,0:00:54.059
which, as animals lose habitat,[br]they get crowded together

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and sometimes that means[br]that a virus from a reservoir species,

0:00:58.375,0:01:01.434
where it's lived harmoniously[br]for maybe hundreds of years,

0:01:01.458,0:01:03.476
jumps into a new species,

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then you also get animals being pushed[br]into closer contact with humans.

0:01:08.667,0:01:14.643
And sometimes one of these animals[br]that has caught a virus can --

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you know, provides the opportunity[br]for that virus to jump into people

0:01:18.917,0:01:22.976
and create a new disease, like COVID-19.

0:01:23.000,0:01:25.018
And in addition to that,

0:01:25.042,0:01:27.851
we are so disrespecting animals.

0:01:27.875,0:01:29.518
We hunt them,

0:01:29.542,0:01:31.851
we kill them, we eat them,

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we traffic them,

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we send them off[br]to the wild-animal markets

0:01:39.833,0:01:41.101
in Asia,

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where they're in terrible,[br]cramped conditions, in tiny cages,

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with people being contaminated[br]with blood and urine and feces,

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ideal conditions for a virus[br]to spill from an animal to an animal,

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or an animal to a person.

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CA: I'd love to just dip[br]backwards in time for a bit,

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because your story is so extraordinary.

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I mean, despite the arguably[br]even more sexist attitudes of the 1960s,

0:02:05.542,0:02:08.268
somehow you were able to break through

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and become one of the world's[br]leading scientists,

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discovering this astonishing[br]series of facts about chimpanzees,

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such as their tool use and so much more.

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What was it about you, do you think,

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that allowed you to make[br]such a breakthrough?

0:02:24.000,0:02:27.226
JG: Well, the thing is,[br]I was born loving animals,

0:02:27.250,0:02:30.393
and the most important thing was,[br]I had a very supportive mother.

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She didn't get mad when she found[br]earthworms in my bed,

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she just said they better be[br]in the garden.

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And she didn't get mad[br]when I disappeared for four hours

0:02:38.333,0:02:41.268
and she called the police,[br]and I was sitting in a hen house,

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because nobody would tell me[br]where the hole was where the egg came out.

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I had no dream of being a scientist,

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because women didn't do[br]that sort of thing.

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In fact, there weren't any man[br]doing it back then, either.

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And everybody laughed at me except Mom,

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who said, "If you really want this,[br]you're going to have to work awfully hard,

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take advantage of every opportunity,

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if you don't give up,[br]maybe you'll find a way."

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CA: And somehow, you were able to kind of,[br]earn the trust of chimpanzees

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in the way that no one else had.

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Looking back, what were the most[br]exciting moments that you discovered

0:03:15.833,0:03:19.417
or what is it that people[br]still don't get about chimpanzees?

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JG: Well, the thing is,[br]you say, "See things nobody else had,

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get their trust."

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Nobody else had tried.

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Quite honestly.

0:03:29.042,0:03:34.018
So, basically, I used the same techniques

0:03:34.042,0:03:38.601
that I had to study the animals[br]around my home when I was a child.

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Just sitting, patiently,

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not trying to get too close too quickly,

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but it was awful, because the money[br]was only for six months.

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I mean, you can imagine[br]how difficult to get money

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for a young girl with no degree,

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to go and do something as bizarre[br]as sitting in a forest.

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And you know, finally,

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we got money for six months[br]from an American philanthropist,

0:04:01.000,0:04:04.934
and I knew with time[br]I'd get the chimps' trust,

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but did I have time?

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And weeks became months[br]and then finally, after about four months,

0:04:11.042,0:04:13.809
one chimpanzee began to lose his fear,

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and it was he that[br]on one occasion I saw --

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I still wasn't really close,[br]but I had my binoculars --

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and I saw him using and making tools[br]to fish for termites.

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And although I wasn't terribly surprised,

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because I've read about things[br]captive chimps could do --

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but I knew that science believed

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that humans, and only humans,[br]used and made tools.

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And I knew how excited [br][Dr. Louis] Leakey would be.

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And it was that observation

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that enabled him to go[br]to the National Geographic,

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and they said, "OK, we'll continue[br]to support the research,"

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and they sent Hugo van Lawick,[br]the photographer-filmmaker,

0:04:53.917,0:04:56.559
to record what I was seeing.

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So a lot of scientists[br]didn't want to believe the tool-using.

0:05:01.042,0:05:04.101
In fact, one of them said[br]I must have taught the chimps.

0:05:04.125,0:05:06.018
(Laughter)

0:05:06.042,0:05:08.934
Since I couldn't get near them,[br]it would have been a miracle.

0:05:08.958,0:05:11.559
But anyway, once they saw Hugo's film

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and that with all my descriptions[br]of their behavior,

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the scientists had to start[br]changing their minds.

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CA: And since then,[br]numerous other discoveries

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that placed chimpanzees much closer[br]to humans than people cared to believe.

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I think I saw you say at one point[br]that they have a sense of humor.

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How have you seen that expressed?

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JG: Well, you see it[br]when they're playing games,

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and there's a bigger one[br]playing with a little one,

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and he's trailing a vine around a tree.

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And every time the little one[br]is about to catch it,

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the bigger one pulls it away,

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and the little one starts crying

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and the big one starts laughing.

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So, you know.

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CA: And then, Jane, you observed[br]something much more troubling,

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which was these instances[br]of chimpanzee gangs,

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tribes, groups, being brutally[br]violent to each other.

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I'm curious how you process that.

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And whether it made you, kind of,

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I don't know, depressed about us,[br]we're close to them,

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did it make you feel[br]that violence is irredeemably

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part of all the great apes, somehow?

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JG: Well, it obviously is.

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And my first encounter[br]with human, what I call evil,

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was the end of the war

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and the pictures from the Holocaust.

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And you know, that really shocked me.

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That changed who I was.

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I was 10, I think, at the time.

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And when the chimpanzees,

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when I realized they have this[br]dark, brutal side,

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I thought they were like us but nicer.

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And then I realized[br]they're even more like us

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than I had thought.

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And at that time, in the early '70s,

0:07:02.708,0:07:03.976
it was very strange,

0:07:04.000,0:07:05.601
aggression, there was a big thing

0:07:05.625,0:07:09.726
about, is aggression innate or learned.

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And it became political.

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And it was, I don't know,[br]it was a very strange time,

0:07:15.917,0:07:17.559
and I was coming out, saying,

0:07:17.583,0:07:20.143
"No, I think aggression is definitely

0:07:20.167,0:07:24.268
part of our inherited[br]repertoire of behaviors."

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And I asked a very respected scientist[br]what he really thought,

0:07:29.958,0:07:32.351
because he was coming out[br]on the clean slate,

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aggression is learned,

0:07:33.875,0:07:38.018
and he said, "Jane, I'd rather not talk[br]about what I really think."

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That was a big shock[br]as far as science was concerned for me.

0:07:42.792,0:07:47.351
CA: I was brought up to believe a world[br]of all things bright and beautiful.

0:07:47.375,0:07:52.893
You know, numerous beautiful films[br]of butterflies and bees and flowers,

0:07:52.917,0:07:55.851
and you know, nature[br]as this gorgeous landscape.

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And many environmentalists[br]often seem to take the stance,

0:08:01.917,0:08:06.059
"Yes, nature is pure,[br]nature is beautiful, humans are bad,"

0:08:06.083,0:08:08.726
but then you have the kind of[br]observations that you see,

0:08:08.750,0:08:11.601
when you actually look[br]at any part of nature in more detail,

0:08:11.625,0:08:13.976
you see things to be[br]terrified by, honestly.

0:08:14.000,0:08:16.393
What do you make of nature,[br]how do you think of it,

0:08:16.417,0:08:18.851
how should we think of it?

0:08:18.875,0:08:20.851
JG: Nature is, you know,

0:08:20.875,0:08:24.809
I mean, you think of the whole[br]spectrum of evolution,

0:08:24.833,0:08:28.518
and there's something about going[br]to a pristine place,

0:08:28.542,0:08:33.143
and Africa was very pristine[br]when I was young.

0:08:33.167,0:08:36.101
And there were animals everywhere.

0:08:36.125,0:08:40.018
And I never liked the fact[br]that lions killed,

0:08:40.042,0:08:42.559
they have to, I mean, that's what they do,

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if they didn't kill animals,[br]they would die.

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And the big difference[br]between them and us, I think,

0:08:50.125,0:08:56.018
is that they do what they do[br]because that's what they have to do.

0:08:56.042,0:08:59.393
And we can plan to do things.

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Our plans are very different.

0:09:01.208,0:09:05.226
We can plan to cut down a whole forest,

0:09:05.250,0:09:07.726
because we want to sell the timber,

0:09:07.750,0:09:10.101
or because we want to build[br]another shopping mall,

0:09:10.125,0:09:11.393
something like that.

0:09:11.417,0:09:16.143
So our destruction of nature[br]and our warfare,

0:09:16.167,0:09:19.976
we're capable of evil[br]because we can sit comfortably

0:09:20.000,0:09:22.934
and plan the torture of somebody far away.

0:09:22.958,0:09:24.226
That's evil.

0:09:24.250,0:09:27.893
Chimpanzees have a sort of primitive war,

0:09:27.917,0:09:29.476
and they can be very aggressive,

0:09:29.500,0:09:30.893
but it's of the moment.

0:09:30.917,0:09:32.393
It's how they feel.

0:09:32.417,0:09:34.809
It's response to an emotion.

0:09:34.833,0:09:38.476
CA: So your observation[br]of the sophistication of chimpanzees

0:09:38.500,0:09:41.893
doesn't go as far as what[br]some people would want to say

0:09:41.917,0:09:43.643
is the sort of the human superpower,

0:09:43.667,0:09:49.601
of being able to really simulate[br]the future in our minds in great detail

0:09:49.625,0:09:52.393
and make long-term plans.

0:09:52.417,0:09:57.768
And act to encourage each other[br]to achieve those long-term plans.

0:09:57.792,0:10:01.226
That that feels, even to someone[br]who spent so much time with chimpanzees,

0:10:01.250,0:10:04.434
that feels like a fundamentally[br]different skill set

0:10:04.458,0:10:06.601
that we just have to take[br]responsibility for

0:10:06.625,0:10:09.434
and use much more wisely than we do.

0:10:09.458,0:10:11.351
JG: Yes, and I personally think,

0:10:11.375,0:10:13.684
I mean, there's a lot[br]of discussion about this,

0:10:13.708,0:10:17.601
but I think it's a fact that we developed[br]the way of communication

0:10:17.625,0:10:19.393
that you and I are using.

0:10:19.417,0:10:21.518
And because we have words,

0:10:21.542,0:10:24.934
I mean, animal communication[br]is way more sophisticated

0:10:24.958,0:10:26.226
than we used to think.

0:10:26.250,0:10:28.226
And chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans

0:10:28.250,0:10:31.708
can learn human sign language of the Deaf.

0:10:32.792,0:10:38.226
But we sort of grow up speaking[br]whatever language it is.

0:10:38.250,0:10:41.893
So I can tell you about things[br]that you've never heard of.

0:10:41.917,0:10:44.476
And a chimpanzee couldn't do that.

0:10:44.500,0:10:49.726
And we can teach our children[br]about abstract things.

0:10:49.750,0:10:51.559
And chimpanzees couldn't do that.

0:10:51.583,0:10:55.268
So yes, chimpanzees can do[br]all sorts of clever things,

0:10:55.292,0:10:59.893
and so can elephants and so can crows[br]and so can octopuses,

0:10:59.917,0:11:03.518
but we design rockets[br]that go off to another planet

0:11:03.542,0:11:06.101
and little robots taking photographs,

0:11:06.125,0:11:10.893
and we've designed this extraordinary way[br]of you and me talking

0:11:10.917,0:11:13.059
in our different parts of the world.

0:11:13.083,0:11:14.726
When I was young, when I grew up,

0:11:14.750,0:11:17.559
there was no TV,[br]there were no cell phones,

0:11:17.583,0:11:19.434
there was no computers.

0:11:19.458,0:11:20.893
It was such a different world,

0:11:20.917,0:11:24.518
I had a pencil, pen[br]and notebook, that was it.

0:11:24.542,0:11:27.393
CA: So just going back[br]to this question about nature,

0:11:27.417,0:11:28.989
because I think about this a lot,

0:11:29.013,0:11:32.263
and I struggle with this, honestly.

0:11:33.208,0:11:37.393
So much of your work,[br]so much of so many people who I respect,

0:11:37.417,0:11:44.226
is about this passion for trying[br]not to screw up the natural world.

0:11:44.250,0:11:47.101
So is it possible, is it healthy,[br]is it essential, perhaps,

0:11:47.125,0:11:51.976
to simultaneously accept[br]that many aspects of nature

0:11:52.000,0:11:53.934
are terrifying,

0:11:53.958,0:11:56.851
but also, I don't know, that it's awesome,

0:11:56.875,0:12:02.018
and that some of the awesomeness[br]comes from its potential to be terrifying

0:12:02.042,0:12:06.934
and that it is also just[br]breathtakingly beautiful,

0:12:06.958,0:12:10.684
and that we cannot be ourselves,[br]because we are part of nature,

0:12:10.708,0:12:13.143
we cannot be whole

0:12:13.167,0:12:17.434
unless we somehow embrace it[br]and are part of it?

0:12:17.458,0:12:22.226
Help me with the language, Jane,[br]on how that relationship should be.

0:12:22.250,0:12:26.351
JG: Well, I think one of the problems is,[br]you know, as we developed our intellect,

0:12:26.375,0:12:29.018
and we became better and better

0:12:29.042,0:12:32.434
at modifying the environment[br]for our own use,

0:12:32.458,0:12:35.268
and creating fields and growing crops

0:12:35.292,0:12:38.476
where it used to be forest or woodland,

0:12:38.500,0:12:41.309
and you know, we won't go into that now,

0:12:41.333,0:12:44.893
but we have this ability to change nature.

0:12:44.917,0:12:49.351
And as we've moved more[br]into towns and cities,

0:12:49.375,0:12:53.351
and relied more on technology,

0:12:53.375,0:12:56.976
many people feel so divorced[br]from the natural world.

0:12:57.000,0:12:59.559
And there's hundreds,[br]thousands of children

0:12:59.583,0:13:01.309
growing up in inner cities,

0:13:01.333,0:13:04.059
where there basically isn't any nature,

0:13:04.083,0:13:09.143
which is why this movement now[br]to green our cities is so important.

0:13:09.167,0:13:11.518
And you know, they've done experiments,

0:13:11.542,0:13:14.809
I think it was in Chicago,[br]I'm not quite sure,

0:13:14.833,0:13:17.893
and there were various empty lots

0:13:17.917,0:13:21.684
in a very violent part of town.

0:13:21.708,0:13:24.768
So in some of those areas[br]they made it green,

0:13:24.792,0:13:29.809
they put trees and flowers and things,[br]shrubs in these vacant lots.

0:13:29.833,0:13:33.184
And the crime rate went right down.

0:13:33.208,0:13:35.708
So then of course,[br]they put trees in the other half.

0:13:36.917,0:13:38.851
So it just shows, and also,

0:13:38.875,0:13:41.643
there have been studies done[br]showing that children

0:13:41.667,0:13:45.917
really need green nature[br]for good psychological development.

0:13:46.875,0:13:50.101
But we are, as you say, part of nature

0:13:50.125,0:13:54.351
and we disrespect it, as we are,

0:13:54.375,0:13:57.309
and that is so terrible for our children

0:13:57.333,0:13:58.809
and our children's children,

0:13:58.833,0:14:02.851
because we rely on nature[br]for clean air, clean water,

0:14:02.875,0:14:06.434
for regulating climate and rainfall.

0:14:06.458,0:14:09.226
Look what we've done,[br]look at the climate crisis.

0:14:09.250,0:14:11.476
That's us. We did that.

0:14:11.500,0:14:13.184
CA: So a little over 30 years ago,

0:14:13.208,0:14:19.018
you made this shift from scientist mainly[br]to activist mainly, I guess.

0:14:19.042,0:14:20.292
Why?

0:14:21.333,0:14:26.809
JG: Conference in 1986,[br]scientific one, I'd got my PhD by then

0:14:26.833,0:14:30.559
and it was to find out[br]how chimp behavior differed, if it did,

0:14:30.583,0:14:32.143
from one environment to another.

0:14:32.167,0:14:34.559
There were six study sites across Africa.

0:14:34.583,0:14:38.268
So we thought, let’s bring[br]these scientists together

0:14:38.292,0:14:39.684
and explore this,

0:14:39.708,0:14:41.226
which was fascinating.

0:14:41.250,0:14:43.893
But we also had a session on conservation

0:14:43.917,0:14:47.768
and a session on conditions[br]in some captive situations

0:14:47.792,0:14:49.893
like medical research.

0:14:49.917,0:14:54.184
And those two sessions[br]were so shocking to me.

0:14:54.208,0:14:56.768
I went to the conference a a scientist,

0:14:56.792,0:14:58.351
and I left as an activist.

0:14:58.375,0:15:02.184
I didn't make the decision,[br]something happened inside me.

0:15:02.208,0:15:05.726
CA: So you spent the last 34 years

0:15:05.750,0:15:08.434
sort of tirelessly campaigning[br]for a better relationship

0:15:08.458,0:15:11.750
between people and nature.

0:15:12.667,0:15:17.750
What should that relationship look like?

0:15:19.000,0:15:23.809
JG: Well, you know, again you come up[br]with all these problems.

0:15:23.833,0:15:26.583
People have to have space to live.

0:15:27.625,0:15:29.726
But I think the problem is

0:15:29.750,0:15:33.309
that we've become,[br]in the affluent societies,

0:15:33.333,0:15:34.726
too greedy.

0:15:34.750,0:15:40.018
I mean, honestly, who needs[br]four houses with huge grounds?

0:15:40.042,0:15:43.684
And why do we need[br]yet another shopping mall?

0:15:43.708,0:15:45.434
And so on and so on.

0:15:45.458,0:15:50.434
So we are looking[br]at short-term economic benefit,

0:15:50.458,0:15:53.518
money has become a sort of god to worship,

0:15:53.542,0:15:57.601
as we lose all spiritual connection[br]with the natural world.

0:15:57.625,0:16:03.351
And so we're looking for short-term[br]monetary gain, or power,

0:16:03.375,0:16:06.018
rather than the health of the planet

0:16:06.042,0:16:08.083
and the future of our children.

0:16:09.000,0:16:12.101
We don't seem to care about that anymore.

0:16:12.125,0:16:15.226
That's why I'll never stop fighting.

0:16:15.250,0:16:19.059
CA: I mean, in your work[br]specifically on chimpanzee conservation,

0:16:19.083,0:16:24.268
you've made it practice[br]to put people at the center of that,

0:16:24.292,0:16:26.393
local people, to engage them.

0:16:26.417,0:16:27.684
How has that worked

0:16:27.708,0:16:29.851
and do you think that's an essential idea

0:16:29.875,0:16:32.934
if we're to succeed[br]in protecting the planet?

0:16:32.958,0:16:35.434
JG: You know, after that[br]famous conference,

0:16:35.458,0:16:39.018
I thought, well, I must learn more[br]about why chimps are vanishing in Africa

0:16:39.042,0:16:40.893
and what's happening to the forest.

0:16:40.917,0:16:45.976
So I got a bit of money together[br]and went out to visit six range countries.

0:16:46.000,0:16:50.018
And learned a lot about the problems[br]faced by chimps, you know,

0:16:50.042,0:16:52.809
hunting for bushmeat[br]and the live animal trade

0:16:52.833,0:16:54.518
and caught in snares

0:16:54.542,0:16:58.934
and human populations growing[br]and needing more land

0:16:58.958,0:17:02.684
for their crops and their cattle[br]and their villages.

0:17:02.708,0:17:07.434
But I was also learning about the plight[br]faced by so many people.

0:17:07.458,0:17:11.018
The absolute poverty,[br]the lack of health and education,

0:17:11.042,0:17:13.518
the degradation of the land.

0:17:13.542,0:17:18.518
And it came to a head when I flew over[br]the tiny Gombe National Park.

0:17:18.542,0:17:22.809
It had been part of this equatorial[br]forest belt right across Africa

0:17:22.833,0:17:24.101
to the west coast,

0:17:24.125,0:17:25.434
and in 1990,

0:17:25.458,0:17:29.101
it was just this little island of forest,[br]just tiny national park.

0:17:29.125,0:17:31.018
All around, the hills were bare.

0:17:31.042,0:17:32.768
And that's when it hit me.

0:17:32.792,0:17:34.601
If we don't do something

0:17:34.625,0:17:36.893
to help the people find ways of living

0:17:36.917,0:17:39.518
without destroying their environment,

0:17:39.542,0:17:42.226
we can't even try to save the chimps.

0:17:42.250,0:17:45.976
So the Jane Goodall Institute[br]began this program "Take Care,"

0:17:46.000,0:17:48.018
we call it "TACARE."

0:17:48.042,0:17:51.976
And it's our method[br]of community-based conservation,

0:17:52.000,0:17:54.101
totally holistic.

0:17:54.125,0:17:57.351
And we've now put the tools[br]of conservation

0:17:57.375,0:17:59.226
into the hand of the villagers,

0:17:59.250,0:18:04.351
because most Tanzanian wild chimps[br]are not in protected areas,

0:18:04.375,0:18:07.143
they're just in the village[br]forest reserves.

0:18:07.167,0:18:12.434
And so, they now go and measure[br]the health of their forest.

0:18:12.458,0:18:14.684
They've understood now

0:18:14.708,0:18:18.268
that protecting the forest[br]isn't just for wildlife,

0:18:18.292,0:18:19.768
it's their own future.

0:18:19.792,0:18:22.226
That they need the forest.

0:18:22.250,0:18:23.601
And they're very proud.

0:18:23.625,0:18:25.726
The volunteers go to workshops,

0:18:25.750,0:18:27.809
they learn how to use smartphones,

0:18:27.833,0:18:32.601
they learn how to upload[br]into platform and the cloud.

0:18:32.625,0:18:35.476
And so it's all transparent.

0:18:35.500,0:18:37.643
And the trees have come back,

0:18:37.667,0:18:39.726
there's no bare hills anymore.

0:18:39.750,0:18:44.476
They agreed to make[br]a buffer zone around Gombe,

0:18:44.500,0:18:47.893
so the chimps have more forest[br]than they did in 1990.

0:18:47.917,0:18:49.851
They're opening up corridors of forest

0:18:49.875,0:18:55.268
to link the scattered chimp groups[br]so that you don't get too much inbreeding.

0:18:55.292,0:18:58.434
So yes, it's worked,[br]and it's in six other countries now.

0:18:58.458,0:18:59.726
Same thing.

0:18:59.750,0:19:05.351
CA: I mean, you've been this extraordinary[br]tireless voice, all around the world,

0:19:05.375,0:19:07.309
just traveling so much,

0:19:07.333,0:19:10.601
speaking everywhere,[br]inspiring people everywhere.

0:19:10.625,0:19:15.601
How on earth do you find the energy,

0:19:15.625,0:19:17.268
you know, the fire to do that,

0:19:17.292,0:19:20.476
because that is exhausting to do,

0:19:20.500,0:19:23.018
every meeting with lots of people,

0:19:23.042,0:19:25.101
it is just physically exhausting,

0:19:25.125,0:19:28.143
and yet, here you are, still doing it.

0:19:28.167,0:19:30.125
How are you doing this, Jane?

0:19:31.042,0:19:36.393
JG: Well, I suppose, you know,[br]I'm obstinate, I don't like giving up,

0:19:36.417,0:19:41.684
but I'm not going to let[br]these CEOs of big companies

0:19:41.708,0:19:43.226
who are destroying the forests,

0:19:43.250,0:19:49.809
or the politicians who are unraveling[br]all the protections that were put in place

0:19:49.833,0:19:51.143
by previous presidents,

0:19:51.167,0:19:53.976
and you know who I'm talking about.

0:19:54.000,0:19:56.143
And you know, I'll go on fighting,

0:19:56.167,0:20:00.268
I care about, I'm passionate[br]about the wildlife.

0:20:00.292,0:20:02.976
I'm passionate about the natural world.

0:20:03.000,0:20:07.434
I love forests, it hurts me[br]to see them damaged.

0:20:07.458,0:20:10.351
And I care passionately about children.

0:20:10.375,0:20:12.434
And we're stealing their future.

0:20:12.458,0:20:14.184
And I'm not going to give up.

0:20:14.208,0:20:19.143
So I guess I'm blessed[br]with good genes, that's a gift,

0:20:19.167,0:20:22.768
and the other gift,[br]which I discovered I had,

0:20:22.792,0:20:24.226
was communication,

0:20:24.250,0:20:26.893
whether it's writing or speaking.

0:20:26.917,0:20:28.976
And so, you know,

0:20:29.000,0:20:31.893
if going around like this wasn't working,

0:20:31.917,0:20:35.018
but every time I do a lecture,

0:20:35.042,0:20:36.393
people come up and say,

0:20:36.417,0:20:38.768
"Well, I had given up,[br]but you've inspired me,

0:20:38.792,0:20:41.059
I promise to do my bit."

0:20:41.083,0:20:45.976
And we have our youth program[br]"Roots and Shoots" now in 65 countries

0:20:46.000,0:20:47.559
and growing fast,

0:20:47.583,0:20:48.851
all ages,

0:20:48.875,0:20:52.018
all choosing projects to help[br]people, animals, the environment,

0:20:52.042,0:20:54.643
rolling up their sleeves[br]and taking action.

0:20:54.667,0:20:57.809
And you know, they look at you[br]with shining eyes,

0:20:57.833,0:21:00.309
wanting to tell Dr. Jane[br]what they've been doing

0:21:00.333,0:21:02.101
to make the world a better place.

0:21:02.125,0:21:03.934
How can I let them down?

0:21:03.958,0:21:07.226
CA: I mean, as you look[br]at the planet's future,

0:21:07.250,0:21:08.893
what worries you most, actually,

0:21:08.917,0:21:12.292
what scares you most about where we're at?

0:21:13.750,0:21:19.101
JG: Well, the fact that we have[br]a small window of time, I believe,

0:21:19.125,0:21:22.643
when we can at least start[br]healing some of the harm

0:21:22.667,0:21:25.726
and slowing down climate change.

0:21:25.750,0:21:27.726
But it is closing,

0:21:27.750,0:21:32.934
and we've seen what happens[br]with the lockdown around the world

0:21:32.958,0:21:35.018
because of COVID-19:

0:21:35.042,0:21:37.226
clear skies over cities,

0:21:37.250,0:21:41.101
some people breathing clean air[br]that they've never breathed before

0:21:41.125,0:21:44.059
and looking up[br]at the shining skies at night,

0:21:44.083,0:21:46.684
which they've never seen properly before.

0:21:46.708,0:21:49.059
And you know,

0:21:49.083,0:21:52.143
so what worries me most

0:21:52.167,0:21:55.476
is how to get enough people,

0:21:55.500,0:21:57.786
people understand,[br]but they're not taking action,

0:21:57.810,0:22:00.434
how to get enough people to take action?

0:22:00.458,0:22:06.184
CA: National Geographic just launched[br]this extraordinary film about you,

0:22:06.208,0:22:09.768
highlighting your work over six decades.

0:22:09.792,0:22:13.208
It's titled "Jane Goodall: The Hope."

0:22:14.042,0:22:16.018
So what is the hope, Jane?

0:22:16.042,0:22:17.309
JG: Well, the hope,

0:22:17.333,0:22:19.393
my greatest hope[br]is all these young people.

0:22:19.417,0:22:21.976
I mean, in China,[br]people will come up and say,

0:22:22.000,0:22:24.143
"Well, of course I care[br]about the environment,

0:22:24.167,0:22:26.434
I was in 'Roots and Shoots'[br]in primary school."

0:22:26.458,0:22:29.768
And you know, we have "Roots and Shoots"[br]just hanging on to the values

0:22:29.792,0:22:34.601
and they're so enthusiastic[br]once they know the problems

0:22:34.625,0:22:36.476
and they're empowered to take action,

0:22:36.500,0:22:40.667
they are clearing the streams,[br]removing invasive species humanely.

0:22:41.958,0:22:43.684
And they have so many ideas.

0:22:43.708,0:22:48.393
And then there's, you know,[br]this extraordinary intellect of ours.

0:22:48.417,0:22:52.476
We're beginning to use it[br]to come up with technology

0:22:52.500,0:22:55.351
that really will help us[br]to live in greater harmony,

0:22:55.375,0:22:56.976
and in our individual lives,

0:22:57.000,0:23:01.101
let's think about the consequences[br]of what we do each day.

0:23:01.125,0:23:03.226
What do we buy, where did it come from,

0:23:03.250,0:23:04.809
how was it made?

0:23:04.833,0:23:07.768
Did it harm the environment,[br]was it cruel to animals?

0:23:07.792,0:23:10.143
Is it cheap because of child slave labor?

0:23:10.167,0:23:12.018
Make ethical choices.

0:23:12.042,0:23:15.559
Which you can't do if you're living[br]in poverty, by the way.

0:23:15.583,0:23:18.268
And then finally, this indomitable spirit

0:23:18.292,0:23:20.893
of people who tackle what seems impossible

0:23:20.917,0:23:23.351
and won't give up.

0:23:23.375,0:23:26.476
You can't give up when you have those ...

0:23:26.500,0:23:29.018
But you know, there are things[br]that I can't fight.

0:23:29.042,0:23:31.625
I can't fight corruption.

0:23:32.833,0:23:36.958
I can't fight military[br]regimes and dictators.

0:23:38.625,0:23:40.476
So I can only do what I can do,

0:23:40.500,0:23:43.893
and if we all do the bits that we can do,

0:23:43.917,0:23:47.809
surely that makes a whole[br]that eventually will win out.

0:23:47.833,0:23:49.226
CA: So, last question, Jane.

0:23:49.250,0:23:51.559
If there was one idea, one thought,

0:23:51.583,0:23:56.309
one seed you could plant[br]in the minds of everyone watching this,

0:23:56.333,0:23:58.184
what would that be?

0:23:58.208,0:24:02.351
JG: You know, just remember[br]that every day you live,

0:24:02.375,0:24:04.726
you make an impact on the planet.

0:24:04.750,0:24:07.018
You can't help making an impact.

0:24:07.042,0:24:10.601
And at least, unless[br]you're living in extreme poverty,

0:24:10.625,0:24:13.851
you have a choice as to what sort[br]of impact you make.

0:24:13.875,0:24:15.809
Even in poverty you have a choice,

0:24:15.833,0:24:19.726
but when we are more affluent,[br]we have a greater choice.

0:24:19.750,0:24:22.643
And if we all make ethical choices,

0:24:22.667,0:24:25.809
then we start moving towards a world

0:24:25.833,0:24:30.893
that will be not quite so desperate[br]to leave to our great-grandchildren.

0:24:30.917,0:24:35.684
That's, I think, something for everybody.

0:24:35.708,0:24:38.684
Because a lot of people[br]understand what's happening,

0:24:38.708,0:24:41.476
but they feel helpless and hopeless,[br]and what can they do,

0:24:41.500,0:24:44.059
so they do nothing[br]and they become apathetic.

0:24:44.083,0:24:46.875
And that is a huge danger, apathy.

0:24:47.750,0:24:49.934
CA: Dr. Jane Goodall, wow.

0:24:49.958,0:24:53.934
I really want to thank you[br]for your extraordinary life,

0:24:53.958,0:24:55.976
for all that you've done

0:24:56.000,0:24:57.858
and for spending this time with us now.

0:24:57.882,0:24:59.268
Thank you.

0:24:59.292,0:25:00.542
JG: Thank you.