WEBVTT

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Har kuni, har hafta

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biz foydalanish shartlariga rozi bo'lamiz.

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Va biz rozi bo'lganimzida

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biz kompaniyalarga
qonuniy huquq taqdim etamiz

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ma'lumotlarimiz bilan
istalgan ish qilishiga

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va farzandlarimizning 
ma'lumotlari bilan ham.

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Hayron qolarlisi,

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biz bolalarning ancha ma'lumotlarini 
berib yuboryapmiz.

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Bularning oqibati qanday bo'ladi?

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Men antropologman,

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shuningdek, ikki qizchaning onasiman.

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Men bu savolga 
2015-yilda qiziqishni boshlagandim.

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O'shanda kutilmaganda shuni angladim,

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ulkan va aql bovar qilmas
hajmdagi bolalar haqidagi ma'lumotlar

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ishlab chiqarilishi va to'planishini.

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Shu tarzda ilmiy loyihamni boshladim.

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Uni Bola Ma'lumot Fuqaro deb nomladim

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va bo'shliqni to'ldirishni maqsad qildim.

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Endi o'ylashingiz mumkin 
meni hozir sizni aybdor qiladi deb

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ijtimoiy tarmoqga farzandingiz
rasmini joylaganingiz uchun

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ammo gap bunda emas,

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Muammo bundan ko'ra ancha yirikroqdir.

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Hammasi tizimga bog'liq,
odamlarga emas.

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SIz va sizning odatlaringiz aybdor emas.

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Tarixda birinchi bor,

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biz bolalarning 
ma'lumotlarini kuzatmoqdamiz

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ularning tug'ilishidan ancha oldin

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urug'lanish paytidan boshlab,

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va butun hayoti davomida.

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Bilamizki, ota-onalar farzand 
ko'rishmoqchi bo'lsihganida,

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ular "homilador bo'lish yo'llari"ni 
onlayn qidirishadi,

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yoki ovulyatsiyani kuzatadgan 
ilovalarni yuklab olishadi.

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Ular homilador bo'lishganida esa,

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ular chaqalog'ining ultratovushini
ijtimoiy tarmoqqa yuklaydi,

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homiladorlik ilovalarini yuklab olishadi

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yoki Doktor Google bilan 
hamma narsa haqida maslahatlashishadi,

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o'zingiz bilasiz --

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"parvoz davomida 
bolaning tushib qolish xavfi"

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yoki "erta homiladorlikdagi 
qorindagi spazmlar" haqida.

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Men bilaman, chunki 
shunday qilganman

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va ko'p marta.

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Bola tug'ilganida esa,
ular kuzatishadi: uning har uyqusini,

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ovqatlanishini,

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hayotining har bir harakatini,
turli texnologiyalarda.

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Va bu texnologiyalar

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chaqaloqning shaxsiy ma'lumotlarini 
foydaga aylantirishadi, ularni

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boshqalar bilan 
ulashgan holda.

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Mana bu qanday ishlaydi,

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2019-yilda Britaniya Tibbiyot Jurnali 
bir tadqiqotni nashr qildi.

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Unda aytilishicha 24 mobil 
sog'liq ilovasidan

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19 tasi ma'lumotlarni 
uchinchi tomon bilan bo'lishishgan.

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Va bu uchinchi tomonlar ma'lumotni 
216 tashkilot bilan bo'lishishgan.

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Bu 216 tashkilotdan

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bor-yo'g'i uchtasi sog'liqni saqlash 
tizimiga oid.

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Ma'lumotga kirish huquqi bor kompaniyalar
orasida katta texnologiya kompaniyalari

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Google, Facebook va Oracle 
kabilar bor.

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Ular raqamli reklama kompaniyalaridir,

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shuningdek iste'mol kreditlari bo'yicha 
agentlik ham bor.

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Siz to'g'ri topdingiz:

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Ularda allaqachon chaqaloqlar haqida
ma'lumotlar bor.

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Ammo mobil ilovalar, veb qidiruvlar
va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar

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shunchaki aysbergning bir uchidir.

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Chunki turli texnologiyalar 
bolalarni kuzatib borishadi

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Ularning kundalik hayoti davomida.

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Ular uy texnologiyalari va uydagi 
virtual yordamchilar tomonidan kuzatiladi.

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Ta'lim platformasi ham 
ularni kuzatishadi

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va maktabdagi ta'lim 
texnologiyalari ham.

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Onlayn yozuvlari ham kuzatiladi

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va shifoxonalaridagi 
onlayn portallari ham.

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Ularni internetli o'yinchoqlar, 
ularning onlayn

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o'yinlari orqali
kuzatishadi

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va boshqa judayam ko'plab
texnologiyalar orqali.

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Tadqiqotim davomida

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ko'plab ota-onalar oldimga kelishardi
va "Ho'sh nima bo'libdi?" deyishardi.

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"Nima farqi bor bolalarim kuzatilishini?

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Yashiradigan narsamiz yo'q."

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Lekin, farqi bor.

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Farqi bor, chunki hozirda odamlarni 
nafaqat kuzatishadi,

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balki, ularning ma'lumoti alohida 
yig'iladi qidiruv tarixiga asoslanib,

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sun'iy ong va 
bashorat tahlillari uchun ishlatiladi.

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Inson hayoti bo'yicha iloji boricha 
ko'p ma'lumot yig'ish uchun

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turli manbalardan:

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oila tarixi, xarid qilish odatlari
va ijtimoiy tarmoq izohlaridan.

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Keyin ular bu ma'lumotlarni
jamlashadi.

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Ma'lumotga asoslangan qaror 
chiqarish uchun

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bunday texnologiyalar
hamma yerda ishlatiladi.

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Banklar bularni
kredit, qarz berishda ishlatishadi,

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sug'urta kompaniayalari esa
premiyani aniqlashda.

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Ish beruvchilar ham ulardan 
foydalanishadi.

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Nomzod ishga to'gri kelishi
yoki kelmasligini aniqlashda.

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Shuningdek, politsiya va 
sud ham jinoyatchini aniqlashda

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ulardan foydalanishadi,

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yoki qayta jinoyatga moyilligini 
aniqlaganda.

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Bizda ma'lumotlarni sotadigan, 
sotib oladigan va tahlil qiladiganlar

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ustidan hech qanday ko'nikma
yoki nazorat yo'q.

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Ular bizni va bolalarimizning 
ma'lumotlarini yig'ishadi.

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Lekin bu yig'ilgan ma'lumotlar
huquqlarimizni yetarlicha buzishadi.

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Misol uchun,

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2018-yil New York Times yangiligida 
aytilishicha

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onlayn kollejni reja qilish
tizimi orqali

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yig'ilgan ma'lumotlarda

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AQSH bo'ylab millionlab 
maktab o'quvchilari ma'lumoti yig'ilgan

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kollej programmasi yoki 
grant qidirib yurgan o'quvchilar orasidan

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va bu ma'lumotlar
o'quv brokerlariga sotilgan.

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Hozirda, Fordhamda o'quv brokerlarini
o'rgangan tadqiqotchilar

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bolalarning ikki yoshligidan
ma'lumoti to'planishini oshkor qilishdi.

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Turli yo'nalishlar bo'yicha:

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millati, dini, boyligi,

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ijtimoiy ahvoli

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va ko'plab boshqa turli
yo'nalishlar bo'yicha.

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Keyin ular bu yig'ilgan profillarni 
bolalarning ismi,

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uy manzili va kontaktlari bilan birga

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turli kompaniyalarga sotishadi,

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savdo va ta'lim dargohlaridan tortib,

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talaba qarzlari,

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talaba kredit karta
kompaniyasigacha.

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Aniqlashtirish uchun,

00:06:17.917 --> 00:06:21.726
Fordhamdagi tadqiqotchilar
o'quv brokeridan

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14-15 yoshli qizlar ro'yxati bilan 
ta'minlashni so'rashdi.

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Masalan, oilaviy reja 
qilishga qiziqadiganlarini.

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Broker ro'yxatni berishga rozi bo'ldi.

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Tasavvur qiling, bu qanchalik 
bolalarimiz uchun havfli bo'lishi mumkin.

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Lekin o'quv brokerlari shunchaki 
bir misol.

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Haqiqat shuki, bolalarimizning ma'lumoti
yig'ilishini biz nazorat qilolmaymiz,

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ammo bu narsa ularning hayotiga
yetarlicha ta'sir qiladi.

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Biz o'zimizdan so'rashimiz kerak:

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bolalarimizning ma'lumoti yig'ilganda 
biz bu texnologiyalarga ishona olamizmi?

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Aniq ishona olamizmi?

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Mening javobim "yo'q."

00:07:07.792 --> 00:07:09.059
Antropolog sifatida,

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Sun'iy ong va bashorat tahlillari
ajoyibdir.

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Kasallik izini topishda

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yoki iqlim o'zgarishga
qarshi kurashda.

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Bu qarashdan
voz kechishimiz kerak:

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ularning xolisona ma'lumot yig'ishida

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va dalillarga asoslanib qaror chiqarishda
ularga ishonishimizda,

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insonlar hayoti haqida.

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Chunki ular insonning aslini ko'rsatmaydi.

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Ma'lumotlar bizning kimligimizning 
ko'zgusi emas.

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Odam bir narsani o'ylab,
teskarisini aytadi,

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ko'ngli buni desa,
o'zi boshqa ishni qiladi.

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Algoritmik bashoratlar 
yoki raqamli amaliyotlar

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insonning murakab tizimini 
oldindan aytib berolmaydi.

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Lekin, avvalambor

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bu texnologiyalar har doim ham

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har doim ham

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xolis emas.

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Bilamizki, algoritmlar 
qoidalar yoki qadamlar to'plamidir.

00:08:02.208 --> 00:08:05.917
Ma'lum bir natijaga erishish uchun
ishlab chiqilgan, shunday emasmi?

00:08:06.833 --> 00:08:09.559
Lekin bu qoidalar yoki qadamlar to'plami 
xolis emas,

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chunki ularni odamlar ishlab chiqishgan.

00:08:11.750 --> 00:08:13.476
Ma'lum bir madaniy jabxada

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va o'ziga xos madaniy jihatlar bilan
sayqallashgan.

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Shunday ekan, mashinalar 
o'rganishsa

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ular noxolis algoritmlar 
orqali o'rganishadi,

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va ular noxolis ma'lumotlar 
bazasidan ham tezroq o'rganishadi.

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Ayni paytda, algoritmik taraqqiyotning
ilk misollarini ko'rishimiz mumkin.

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Va ba'zi misollar 
rostan qo'rqinchlidir.

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Shu yili, Ney-Yorkdagi AI Now Instituti 
hisobot chop etishdi:

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shuni oshkor qilishdiki,
sun'iy ong texnologiyalari

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bashorat qilishda ishlatilayotgan ekan,

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"kir" ma'lumotlarni aniqlashga 
o'rgatilgan.

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Bu asosan shunday yig'ilganki,

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tarixiy irqchillika oid ma'lumotlardan
iborat va

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shaffof bo'lmagan politsiya 
ishlari ham bor.

00:08:58.542 --> 00:09:02.601
Bu texnologiyalar qora ma'lumotlarni
ishlatgani uchun

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ular xolis emas,

00:09:04.083 --> 00:09:08.601
ularning oqibatlari esa faqatgina 
politsiya qilmishi va xatolarini

00:09:08.625 --> 00:09:10.250
ko'paytiradi va abadiylashtiradi.

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Xo'sh, menimcha bizning 
jamiyatimiz muhim bir

00:09:16.333 --> 00:09:17.976
muammoga duch keldi.

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Biz ma'lumotlar yig'ishda ishlatiladigan
texnologiyalarga ishonishni boshladik.

00:09:23.750 --> 00:09:26.268
Bilamizki, 
inson ma'lumotlarini yig'ishda

00:09:26.292 --> 00:09:29.101
bu texnologiyalar har doim ham 
xolis bo'lmaydi

00:09:29.125 --> 00:09:31.851
va hech qachon aniq bo'lmaydi.

00:09:31.875 --> 00:09:34.809
Hozir bizga kerak bo'lgan narsa
bu siyosiy yechimdir.

00:09:34.833 --> 00:09:39.542
Hukumatlarimiz bizning ma'lumot huquqimiz
insoniy huquqimiz ekanini tan olishi kerak

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00:09:40.292 --> 00:09:44.375
(Qarsaklar va hayqiriqlar)

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00:09:47.833 --> 00:09:51.917
Ungacha biz kelajakka
umid bilan qaray olmaymiz.

00:09:52.750 --> 00:09:55.476
Men qizlarimning algoritmik
kamsitilishi va xatolarga

00:09:55.500 --> 00:09:59.226
duchor bo'lishidan xavotirdaman.

00:09:59.250 --> 00:10:01.643
Men bilan qizlarim o'rtasidagi 
farq shundaki,

00:10:01.667 --> 00:10:04.851
mening bolaligim haqida 
umuman ochiq ma'lumotlar yo'q.

00:10:04.875 --> 00:10:08.893
Shubhasiz men o'smirlik vaqtimda qilgan
va o'ylagan barcha ahmoqona ishlarning

00:10:08.917 --> 00:10:11.059
ma'lumot bazasi yo'q.

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00:10:11.083 --> 00:10:12.583
(Kulgi)

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00:10:13.833 --> 00:10:16.583
Ammo qizlarim uchun
bu boshqacha bo'lishi mumkin.

00:10:17.292 --> 00:10:20.476
Ularning ma'lumoti bugundan
boshlab yig'ilib borilmoqda,

00:10:20.500 --> 00:10:24.309
u kelajakda ularni ustidan
hukm chiqarish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin

00:10:24.333 --> 00:10:27.292
va ularning orzu-umidlariga 
to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin.

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Menimcha, vaqti keldi.

00:10:30.125 --> 00:10:31.559
Harakat qilish vaqt keldi.

00:10:31.583 --> 00:10:34.059
Barchamizning
birga ishlash vaqtimiz keldi

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inson sifatida,

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tashkilot va muassassa sifatida,

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va biz ko'proq ma'lumot adolatini
talab qilamiz, o'zimiz uchun

00:10:41.208 --> 00:10:42.601
va farzandlarimiz uchun

00:10:42.625 --> 00:10:44.143
juda kech bo'lishidan oldin.

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00:10:44.167 --> 00:10:45.434
Tashakkur.

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(Qarsaklar)