1
00:00:00,792 --> 00:00:03,059
Har kuni, har hafta

2
00:00:03,083 --> 00:00:05,268
biz foydalanish shartlariga rozi bo'lamiz.

3
00:00:05,292 --> 00:00:06,768
Va biz rozi bo'lganimzida

4
00:00:06,792 --> 00:00:09,268
biz kompaniyalarga
qonuniy huquq taqdim etamiz

5
00:00:09,292 --> 00:00:12,976
ma'lumotlarimiz bilan
istalgan ish qilishiga

6
00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:15,375
va farzandlarimizning 
ma'lumotlari bilan ham.

7
00:00:16,792 --> 00:00:19,768
Hayron qolarlisi,

8
00:00:19,792 --> 00:00:22,684
biz bolalarning ancha ma'lumotlarini 
berib yuboryapmiz.

9
00:00:22,708 --> 00:00:24,708
Bularning oqibati qanday bo'ladi?

10
00:00:26,500 --> 00:00:27,893
Men antropologman,

11
00:00:27,917 --> 00:00:30,518
shuningdek, ikki qizchaning onasiman.

12
00:00:30,542 --> 00:00:35,018
Men bu savolga 
2015-yilda qiziqishni boshlagandim.

13
00:00:35,042 --> 00:00:37,768
O'shanda kutilmaganda shuni angladim,

14
00:00:37,792 --> 00:00:40,809
ulkan va aql bovar qilmas
hajmdagi bolalar haqidagi ma'lumotlar

15
00:00:40,833 --> 00:00:44,000
ishlab chiqarilishi va to'planishini.

16
00:00:44,792 --> 00:00:46,768
Shu tarzda ilmiy loyihamni boshladim.

17
00:00:46,792 --> 00:00:49,268
Uni Bola Ma'lumot Fuqaro deb nomladim

18
00:00:49,292 --> 00:00:51,417
va bo'shliqni to'ldirishni maqsad qildim.

19
00:00:52,583 --> 00:00:55,601
Endi o'ylashingiz mumkin 
meni hozir sizni aybdor qiladi deb

20
00:00:55,625 --> 00:00:58,393
ijtimoiy tarmoqga farzandingiz
rasmini joylaganingiz uchun

21
00:00:58,417 --> 00:01:00,559
ammo gap bunda emas,

22
00:01:00,583 --> 00:01:04,000
Muammo bundan ko'ra ancha yirikroqdir.

23
00:01:04,792 --> 00:01:08,893
Hammasi tizimga bog'liq,
odamlarga emas.

24
00:01:08,917 --> 00:01:11,208
SIz va sizning odatlaringiz aybdor emas.

25
00:01:12,833 --> 00:01:15,684
Tarixda birinchi bor,

26
00:01:15,708 --> 00:01:18,268
biz bolalarning 
ma'lumotlarini kuzatmoqdamiz

27
00:01:18,292 --> 00:01:20,059
ularning tug'ilishidan ancha oldin

28
00:01:20,083 --> 00:01:22,768
urug'lanish paytidan boshlab,

29
00:01:22,792 --> 00:01:25,143
va butun hayoti davomida.

30
00:01:25,167 --> 00:01:28,268
Bilamizki, ota-onalar farzand 
ko'rishmoqchi bo'lsihganida,

31
00:01:28,292 --> 00:01:31,268
ular "homilador bo'lish yo'llari"ni 
onlayn qidirishadi,

32
00:01:31,292 --> 00:01:34,042
yoki ovulyatsiyani kuzatadgan 
ilovalarni yuklab olishadi.

33
00:01:35,250 --> 00:01:37,851
Ular homilador bo'lishganida esa,

34
00:01:37,875 --> 00:01:41,018
ular chaqalog'ining ultratovushini
ijtimoiy tarmoqqa yuklaydi,

35
00:01:41,042 --> 00:01:43,059
homiladorlik ilovalarini yuklab olishadi

36
00:01:43,083 --> 00:01:46,809
yoki Doktor Google bilan 
hamma narsa haqida maslahatlashishadi,

37
00:01:46,833 --> 00:01:48,351
o'zingiz bilasiz --

38
00:01:48,375 --> 00:01:50,934
"parvoz davomida 
bolaning tushib qolish xavfi"

39
00:01:50,958 --> 00:01:53,726
yoki "erta homiladorlikdagi 
qorindagi spazmlar" haqida.

40
00:01:53,750 --> 00:01:55,559
Men bilaman, chunki 
shunday qilganman

41
00:01:55,583 --> 00:01:57,208
va ko'p marta.

42
00:01:58,458 --> 00:02:01,268
Bola tug'ilganida esa,
ular kuzatishadi: uning har uyqusini,

43
00:02:01,292 --> 00:02:02,559
ovqatlanishini,

44
00:02:02,583 --> 00:02:05,167
hayotining har bir harakatini,
turli texnologiyalarda.

45
00:02:06,083 --> 00:02:07,559
Va bu texnologiyalar

46
00:02:07,583 --> 00:02:13,726
chaqaloqning shaxsiy ma'lumotlarini 
foydaga aylantirishadi, ularni

47
00:02:13,750 --> 00:02:15,542
boshqalar bilan 
ulashgan holda.

48
00:02:16,583 --> 00:02:18,726
Mana bu qanday ishlaydi,

49
00:02:18,750 --> 00:02:23,934
2019-yilda Britaniya Tibbiyot Jurnali 
bir tadqiqotni nashr qildi.

50
00:02:23,958 --> 00:02:27,601
Unda aytilishicha 24 mobil 
sog'liq ilovasidan

51
00:02:27,625 --> 00:02:31,083
19 tasi ma'lumotlarni 
uchinchi tomon bilan bo'lishishgan.

52
00:02:32,083 --> 00:02:37,917
Va bu uchinchi tomonlar ma'lumotni 
216 tashkilot bilan bo'lishishgan.

53
00:02:38,875 --> 00:02:42,309
Bu 216 tashkilotdan

54
00:02:42,333 --> 00:02:45,476
bor-yo'g'i uchtasi sog'liqni saqlash 
tizimiga oid.

55
00:02:45,500 --> 00:02:50,018
Ma'lumotga kirish huquqi bor kompaniyalar
orasida katta texnologiya kompaniyalari

56
00:02:50,042 --> 00:02:53,559
Google, Facebook va Oracle 
kabilar bor.

57
00:02:53,583 --> 00:02:56,184
Ular raqamli reklama kompaniyalaridir,

58
00:02:56,208 --> 00:03:00,333
shuningdek iste'mol kreditlari bo'yicha 
agentlik ham bor.

59
00:03:01,125 --> 00:03:02,559
Siz to'g'ri topdingiz:

60
00:03:02,583 --> 00:03:07,708
Ularda allaqachon chaqaloqlar haqida
ma'lumotlar bor.

61
00:03:09,125 --> 00:03:11,893
Ammo mobil ilovalar, veb qidiruvlar
va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar

62
00:03:11,917 --> 00:03:15,018
shunchaki aysbergning bir uchidir.

63
00:03:15,042 --> 00:03:17,893
Chunki turli texnologiyalar 
bolalarni kuzatib borishadi

64
00:03:17,917 --> 00:03:19,643
Ularning kundalik hayoti davomida.

65
00:03:19,667 --> 00:03:23,809
Ular uy texnologiyalari va uydagi 
virtual yordamchilar tomonidan kuzatiladi.

66
00:03:23,833 --> 00:03:25,809
Ta'lim platformasi ham 
ularni kuzatishadi

67
00:03:25,833 --> 00:03:28,018
va maktabdagi ta'lim 
texnologiyalari ham.

68
00:03:28,042 --> 00:03:29,643
Onlayn yozuvlari ham kuzatiladi

69
00:03:29,667 --> 00:03:32,684
va shifoxonalaridagi 
onlayn portallari ham.

70
00:03:32,708 --> 00:03:35,059
Ularni internetli o'yinchoqlar, 
ularning onlayn

71
00:03:35,083 --> 00:03:36,393
o'yinlari orqali
kuzatishadi

72
00:03:36,417 --> 00:03:39,083
va boshqa judayam ko'plab
texnologiyalar orqali.

73
00:03:40,250 --> 00:03:41,893
Tadqiqotim davomida

74
00:03:41,917 --> 00:03:46,059
ko'plab ota-onalar oldimga kelishardi
va "Ho'sh nima bo'libdi?" deyishardi.

75
00:03:46,083 --> 00:03:49,000
"Nima farqi bor bolalarim kuzatilishini?

76
00:03:50,042 --> 00:03:51,375
Yashiradigan narsamiz yo'q."

77
00:03:52,958 --> 00:03:54,458
Lekin, farqi bor.

78
00:03:55,083 --> 00:04:01,101
Farqi bor, chunki hozirda odamlarni 
nafaqat kuzatishadi,

79
00:04:01,125 --> 00:04:05,226
balki, ularning ma'lumoti alohida 
yig'iladi qidiruv tarixiga asoslanib,

80
00:04:05,250 --> 00:04:09,059
sun'iy ong va 
bashorat tahlillari uchun ishlatiladi.

81
00:04:09,083 --> 00:04:12,726
Inson hayoti bo'yicha iloji boricha 
ko'p ma'lumot yig'ish uchun

82
00:04:12,750 --> 00:04:14,601
turli manbalardan:

83
00:04:14,625 --> 00:04:19,143
oila tarixi, xarid qilish odatlari
va ijtimoiy tarmoq izohlaridan.

84
00:04:19,167 --> 00:04:21,018
Keyin ular bu ma'lumotlarni
jamlashadi.

85
00:04:21,042 --> 00:04:23,792
Ma'lumotga asoslangan qaror 
chiqarish uchun

86
00:04:24,792 --> 00:04:28,226
bunday texnologiyalar
hamma yerda ishlatiladi.

87
00:04:28,250 --> 00:04:30,643
Banklar bularni
kredit, qarz berishda ishlatishadi,

88
00:04:30,667 --> 00:04:33,042
sug'urta kompaniayalari esa
premiyani aniqlashda.

89
00:04:34,208 --> 00:04:36,684
Ish beruvchilar ham ulardan 
foydalanishadi.

90
00:04:36,708 --> 00:04:39,625
Nomzod ishga to'gri kelishi
yoki kelmasligini aniqlashda.

91
00:04:40,750 --> 00:04:43,851
Shuningdek, politsiya va 
sud ham jinoyatchini aniqlashda

92
00:04:43,875 --> 00:04:47,393
ulardan foydalanishadi,

93
00:04:47,417 --> 00:04:50,042
yoki qayta jinoyatga moyilligini 
aniqlaganda.

94
00:04:52,458 --> 00:04:56,518
Bizda ma'lumotlarni sotadigan, 
sotib oladigan va tahlil qiladiganlar

95
00:04:56,542 --> 00:05:00,184
ustidan hech qanday ko'nikma
yoki nazorat yo'q.

96
00:05:00,208 --> 00:05:02,917
Ular bizni va bolalarimizning 
ma'lumotlarini yig'ishadi.

97
00:05:03,625 --> 00:05:07,667
Lekin bu yig'ilgan ma'lumotlar
huquqlarimizni yetarlicha buzishadi.

98
00:05:08,917 --> 00:05:11,125
Misol uchun,

99
00:05:13,792 --> 00:05:17,851
2018-yil New York Times yangiligida 
aytilishicha

100
00:05:17,875 --> 00:05:19,851
onlayn kollejni reja qilish
tizimi orqali

101
00:05:19,875 --> 00:05:22,934
yig'ilgan ma'lumotlarda

102
00:05:22,958 --> 00:05:27,684
AQSH bo'ylab millionlab 
maktab o'quvchilari ma'lumoti yig'ilgan

103
00:05:27,708 --> 00:05:31,351
kollej programmasi yoki 
grant qidirib yurgan o'quvchilar orasidan

104
00:05:31,375 --> 00:05:34,417
va bu ma'lumotlar
o'quv brokerlariga sotilgan.

105
00:05:35,792 --> 00:05:41,226
Hozirda, Fordhamda o'quv brokerlarini
o'rgangan tadqiqotchilar

106
00:05:41,250 --> 00:05:46,476
bolalarning ikki yoshligidan
ma'lumoti to'planishini oshkor qilishdi.

107
00:05:46,500 --> 00:05:49,559
Turli yo'nalishlar bo'yicha:

108
00:05:49,583 --> 00:05:53,768
millati, dini, boyligi,

109
00:05:53,792 --> 00:05:55,851
ijtimoiy ahvoli

110
00:05:55,875 --> 00:05:58,809
va ko'plab boshqa turli
yo'nalishlar bo'yicha.

111
00:05:58,833 --> 00:06:03,851
Keyin ular bu yig'ilgan profillarni 
bolalarning ismi,

112
00:06:03,875 --> 00:06:06,684
uy manzili va kontaktlari bilan birga

113
00:06:06,708 --> 00:06:08,559
turli kompaniyalarga sotishadi,

114
00:06:08,583 --> 00:06:11,042
savdo va ta'lim dargohlaridan tortib,

115
00:06:12,083 --> 00:06:13,351
talaba qarzlari,

116
00:06:13,375 --> 00:06:15,125
talaba kredit karta
kompaniyasigacha.

117
00:06:16,542 --> 00:06:17,893
Aniqlashtirish uchun,

118
00:06:17,917 --> 00:06:21,726
Fordhamdagi tadqiqotchilar
o'quv brokeridan

119
00:06:21,750 --> 00:06:27,559
14-15 yoshli qizlar ro'yxati bilan 
ta'minlashni so'rashdi.

120
00:06:27,583 --> 00:06:30,958
Masalan, oilaviy reja 
qilishga qiziqadiganlarini.

121
00:06:32,208 --> 00:06:34,684
Broker ro'yxatni berishga rozi bo'ldi.

122
00:06:34,708 --> 00:06:39,583
Tasavvur qiling, bu qanchalik 
bolalarimiz uchun havfli bo'lishi mumkin.

123
00:06:40,833 --> 00:06:44,809
Lekin o'quv brokerlari shunchaki 
bir misol.

124
00:06:44,833 --> 00:06:49,518
Haqiqat shuki, bolalarimizning ma'lumoti
yig'ilishini biz nazorat qilolmaymiz,

125
00:06:49,542 --> 00:06:52,958
ammo bu narsa ularning hayotiga
yetarlicha ta'sir qiladi.

126
00:06:54,167 --> 00:06:57,643
Biz o'zimizdan so'rashimiz kerak:

127
00:06:57,667 --> 00:07:02,351
bolalarimizning ma'lumoti yig'ilganda 
biz bu texnologiyalarga ishona olamizmi?

128
00:07:02,375 --> 00:07:03,625
Aniq ishona olamizmi?

129
00:07:05,708 --> 00:07:06,958
Mening javobim "yo'q."

130
00:07:07,792 --> 00:07:09,059
Antropolog sifatida,

131
00:07:09,083 --> 00:07:12,851
Sun'iy ong va bashorat tahlillari
ajoyibdir.

132
00:07:12,875 --> 00:07:14,893
Kasallik izini topishda

133
00:07:14,917 --> 00:07:16,750
yoki iqlim o'zgarishga
qarshi kurashda.

134
00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:19,643
Bu qarashdan
voz kechishimiz kerak:

135
00:07:19,667 --> 00:07:23,351
ularning xolisona ma'lumot yig'ishida

136
00:07:23,375 --> 00:07:26,559
va dalillarga asoslanib qaror chiqarishda
ularga ishonishimizda,

137
00:07:26,583 --> 00:07:28,476
insonlar hayoti haqida.

138
00:07:28,500 --> 00:07:31,059
Chunki ular insonning aslini ko'rsatmaydi.

139
00:07:31,083 --> 00:07:34,434
Ma'lumotlar bizning kimligimizning 
ko'zgusi emas.

140
00:07:34,458 --> 00:07:36,559
Odam bir narsani o'ylab,
teskarisini aytadi,

141
00:07:36,583 --> 00:07:39,018
ko'ngli buni desa,
o'zi boshqa ishni qiladi.

142
00:07:39,042 --> 00:07:41,518
Algoritmik bashoratlar 
yoki raqamli amaliyotlar

143
00:07:41,542 --> 00:07:46,708
insonning murakab tizimini 
oldindan aytib berolmaydi.

144
00:07:48,417 --> 00:07:49,976
Lekin, avvalambor

145
00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:52,684
bu texnologiyalar har doim ham

146
00:07:52,708 --> 00:07:53,976
har doim ham

147
00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:55,917
xolis emas.

148
00:07:57,125 --> 00:08:02,184
Bilamizki, algoritmlar 
qoidalar yoki qadamlar to'plamidir.

149
00:08:02,208 --> 00:08:05,917
Ma'lum bir natijaga erishish uchun
ishlab chiqilgan, shunday emasmi?

150
00:08:06,833 --> 00:08:09,559
Lekin bu qoidalar yoki qadamlar to'plami 
xolis emas,

151
00:08:09,583 --> 00:08:11,726
chunki ularni odamlar ishlab chiqishgan.

152
00:08:11,750 --> 00:08:13,476
Ma'lum bir madaniy jabxada

153
00:08:13,500 --> 00:08:16,000
va o'ziga xos madaniy jihatlar bilan
sayqallashgan.

154
00:08:16,667 --> 00:08:18,393
Shunday ekan, mashinalar 
o'rganishsa

155
00:08:18,417 --> 00:08:20,667
ular noxolis algoritmlar 
orqali o'rganishadi,

156
00:08:21,625 --> 00:08:24,833
va ular noxolis ma'lumotlar 
bazasidan ham tezroq o'rganishadi.

157
00:08:25,833 --> 00:08:29,559
Ayni paytda, algoritmik taraqqiyotning
ilk misollarini ko'rishimiz mumkin.

158
00:08:29,583 --> 00:08:33,083
Va ba'zi misollar 
rostan qo'rqinchlidir.

159
00:08:34,500 --> 00:08:38,559
Shu yili, Ney-Yorkdagi AI Now Instituti 
hisobot chop etishdi:

160
00:08:38,583 --> 00:08:40,976
shuni oshkor qilishdiki,
sun'iy ong texnologiyalari

161
00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:44,476
bashorat qilishda ishlatilayotgan ekan,

162
00:08:44,500 --> 00:08:47,625
"kir" ma'lumotlarni aniqlashga 
o'rgatilgan.

163
00:08:48,333 --> 00:08:51,226
Bu asosan shunday yig'ilganki,

164
00:08:51,250 --> 00:08:55,434
tarixiy irqchillika oid ma'lumotlardan
iborat va

165
00:08:55,458 --> 00:08:57,708
shaffof bo'lmagan politsiya 
ishlari ham bor.

166
00:08:58,542 --> 00:09:02,601
Bu texnologiyalar qora ma'lumotlarni
ishlatgani uchun

167
00:09:02,625 --> 00:09:04,059
ular xolis emas,

168
00:09:04,083 --> 00:09:08,601
ularning oqibatlari esa faqatgina 
politsiya qilmishi va xatolarini

169
00:09:08,625 --> 00:09:10,250
ko'paytiradi va abadiylashtiradi.

170
00:09:13,167 --> 00:09:16,309
Xo'sh, menimcha bizning 
jamiyatimiz muhim bir

171
00:09:16,333 --> 00:09:17,976
muammoga duch keldi.

172
00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:22,792
Biz ma'lumotlar yig'ishda ishlatiladigan
texnologiyalarga ishonishni boshladik.

173
00:09:23,750 --> 00:09:26,268
Bilamizki, 
inson ma'lumotlarini yig'ishda

174
00:09:26,292 --> 00:09:29,101
bu texnologiyalar har doim ham 
xolis bo'lmaydi

175
00:09:29,125 --> 00:09:31,851
va hech qachon aniq bo'lmaydi.

176
00:09:31,875 --> 00:09:34,809
Hozir bizga kerak bo'lgan narsa
bu siyosiy yechimdir.

177
00:09:34,833 --> 00:09:39,542
Hukumatlarimiz bizning ma'lumot huquqimiz
insoniy huquqimiz ekanini tan olishi kerak

178
00:09:40,292 --> 00:09:44,375
(Qarsaklar va hayqiriqlar)

179
00:09:47,833 --> 00:09:51,917
Ungacha biz kelajakka
umid bilan qaray olmaymiz.

180
00:09:52,750 --> 00:09:55,476
Men qizlarimning algoritmik
kamsitilishi va xatolarga

181
00:09:55,500 --> 00:09:59,226
duchor bo'lishidan xavotirdaman.

182
00:09:59,250 --> 00:10:01,643
Men bilan qizlarim o'rtasidagi 
farq shundaki,

183
00:10:01,667 --> 00:10:04,851
mening bolaligim haqida 
umuman ochiq ma'lumotlar yo'q.

184
00:10:04,875 --> 00:10:08,893
Shubhasiz men o'smirlik vaqtimda qilgan
va o'ylagan barcha ahmoqona ishlarning

185
00:10:08,917 --> 00:10:11,059
ma'lumot bazasi yo'q.

186
00:10:11,083 --> 00:10:12,583
(Kulgi)

187
00:10:13,833 --> 00:10:16,583
Ammo qizlarim uchun
bu boshqacha bo'lishi mumkin.

188
00:10:17,292 --> 00:10:20,476
Ularning ma'lumoti bugundan
boshlab yig'ilib borilmoqda,

189
00:10:20,500 --> 00:10:24,309
u kelajakda ularni ustidan
hukm chiqarish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin

190
00:10:24,333 --> 00:10:27,292
va ularning orzu-umidlariga 
to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin.

191
00:10:28,583 --> 00:10:30,101
Menimcha, vaqti keldi.

192
00:10:30,125 --> 00:10:31,559
Harakat qilish vaqt keldi.

193
00:10:31,583 --> 00:10:34,059
Barchamizning
birga ishlash vaqtimiz keldi

194
00:10:34,083 --> 00:10:35,518
inson sifatida,

195
00:10:35,542 --> 00:10:38,059
tashkilot va muassassa sifatida,

196
00:10:38,083 --> 00:10:41,184
va biz ko'proq ma'lumot adolatini
talab qilamiz, o'zimiz uchun

197
00:10:41,208 --> 00:10:42,601
va farzandlarimiz uchun

198
00:10:42,625 --> 00:10:44,143
juda kech bo'lishidan oldin.

199
00:10:44,167 --> 00:10:45,434
Tashakkur.

200
00:10:45,458 --> 00:10:46,875
(Qarsaklar)