0:00:00.792,0:00:03.059
Har kuni, har hafta

0:00:03.083,0:00:05.268
biz foydalanish shartlariga rozi bo'lamiz.

0:00:05.292,0:00:06.768
Va biz rozi bo'lganimzida

0:00:06.792,0:00:09.268
biz kompaniyalarga[br]qonuniy huquq taqdim etamiz

0:00:09.292,0:00:12.976
ma'lumotlarimiz bilan[br]istalgan ish qilishiga

0:00:13.000,0:00:15.375
va farzandlarimizning [br]ma'lumotlari bilan ham.

0:00:16.792,0:00:19.768
Hayron qolarlisi,

0:00:19.792,0:00:22.684
biz bolalarning ancha ma'lumotlarini [br]berib yuboryapmiz.

0:00:22.708,0:00:24.708
Bularning oqibati qanday bo'ladi?

0:00:26.500,0:00:27.893
Men antropologman,

0:00:27.917,0:00:30.518
shuningdek, ikki qizchaning onasiman.

0:00:30.542,0:00:35.018
Men bu savolga [br]2015-yilda qiziqishni boshlagandim.

0:00:35.042,0:00:37.768
O'shanda kutilmaganda shuni angladim,

0:00:37.792,0:00:40.809
ulkan va aql bovar qilmas[br]hajmdagi bolalar haqidagi ma'lumotlar

0:00:40.833,0:00:44.000
ishlab chiqarilishi va to'planishini.

0:00:44.792,0:00:46.768
Shu tarzda ilmiy loyihamni boshladim.

0:00:46.792,0:00:49.268
Uni Bola Ma'lumot Fuqaro deb nomladim

0:00:49.292,0:00:51.417
va bo'shliqni to'ldirishni maqsad qildim.

0:00:52.583,0:00:55.601
Endi o'ylashingiz mumkin [br]meni hozir sizni aybdor qiladi deb

0:00:55.625,0:00:58.393
ijtimoiy tarmoqga farzandingiz[br]rasmini joylaganingiz uchun

0:00:58.417,0:01:00.559
ammo gap bunda emas,

0:01:00.583,0:01:04.000
Muammo bundan ko'ra ancha yirikroqdir.

0:01:04.792,0:01:08.893
Hammasi tizimga bog'liq,[br]odamlarga emas.

0:01:08.917,0:01:11.208
SIz va sizning odatlaringiz aybdor emas.

0:01:12.833,0:01:15.684
Tarixda birinchi bor,

0:01:15.708,0:01:18.268
biz bolalarning [br]ma'lumotlarini kuzatmoqdamiz

0:01:18.292,0:01:20.059
ularning tug'ilishidan ancha oldin

0:01:20.083,0:01:22.768
urug'lanish paytidan boshlab,

0:01:22.792,0:01:25.143
va butun hayoti davomida.

0:01:25.167,0:01:28.268
Bilamizki, ota-onalar farzand [br]ko'rishmoqchi bo'lsihganida,

0:01:28.292,0:01:31.268
ular "homilador bo'lish yo'llari"ni [br]onlayn qidirishadi,

0:01:31.292,0:01:34.042
yoki ovulyatsiyani kuzatadgan [br]ilovalarni yuklab olishadi.

0:01:35.250,0:01:37.851
Ular homilador bo'lishganida esa,

0:01:37.875,0:01:41.018
ular chaqalog'ining ultratovushini[br]ijtimoiy tarmoqqa yuklaydi,

0:01:41.042,0:01:43.059
homiladorlik ilovalarini yuklab olishadi

0:01:43.083,0:01:46.809
yoki Doktor Google bilan [br]hamma narsa haqida maslahatlashishadi,

0:01:46.833,0:01:48.351
o'zingiz bilasiz --

0:01:48.375,0:01:50.934
"parvoz davomida [br]bolaning tushib qolish xavfi"

0:01:50.958,0:01:53.726
yoki "erta homiladorlikdagi [br]qorindagi spazmlar" haqida.

0:01:53.750,0:01:55.559
Men bilaman, chunki [br]shunday qilganman

0:01:55.583,0:01:57.208
va ko'p marta.

0:01:58.458,0:02:01.268
Bola tug'ilganida esa,[br]ular kuzatishadi: uning har uyqusini,

0:02:01.292,0:02:02.559
ovqatlanishini,

0:02:02.583,0:02:05.167
hayotining har bir harakatini,[br]turli texnologiyalarda.

0:02:06.083,0:02:07.559
Va bu texnologiyalar

0:02:07.583,0:02:13.726
chaqaloqning shaxsiy ma'lumotlarini [br]foydaga aylantirishadi, ularni

0:02:13.750,0:02:15.542
boshqalar bilan [br]ulashgan holda.

0:02:16.583,0:02:18.726
Mana bu qanday ishlaydi,

0:02:18.750,0:02:23.934
2019-yilda Britaniya Tibbiyot Jurnali [br]bir tadqiqotni nashr qildi.

0:02:23.958,0:02:27.601
Unda aytilishicha 24 mobil [br]sog'liq ilovasidan

0:02:27.625,0:02:31.083
19 tasi ma'lumotlarni [br]uchinchi tomon bilan bo'lishishgan.

0:02:32.083,0:02:37.917
Va bu uchinchi tomonlar ma'lumotni [br]216 tashkilot bilan bo'lishishgan.

0:02:38.875,0:02:42.309
Bu 216 tashkilotdan

0:02:42.333,0:02:45.476
bor-yo'g'i uchtasi sog'liqni saqlash [br]tizimiga oid.

0:02:45.500,0:02:50.018
Ma'lumotga kirish huquqi bor kompaniyalar[br]orasida katta texnologiya kompaniyalari

0:02:50.042,0:02:53.559
Google, Facebook va Oracle [br]kabilar bor.

0:02:53.583,0:02:56.184
Ular raqamli reklama kompaniyalaridir,

0:02:56.208,0:03:00.333
shuningdek iste'mol kreditlari bo'yicha [br]agentlik ham bor.

0:03:01.125,0:03:02.559
Siz to'g'ri topdingiz:

0:03:02.583,0:03:07.708
Ularda allaqachon chaqaloqlar haqida[br]ma'lumotlar bor.

0:03:09.125,0:03:11.893
Ammo mobil ilovalar, veb qidiruvlar[br]va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar

0:03:11.917,0:03:15.018
shunchaki aysbergning bir uchidir.

0:03:15.042,0:03:17.893
Chunki turli texnologiyalar [br]bolalarni kuzatib borishadi

0:03:17.917,0:03:19.643
Ularning kundalik hayoti davomida.

0:03:19.667,0:03:23.809
Ular uy texnologiyalari va uydagi [br]virtual yordamchilar tomonidan kuzatiladi.

0:03:23.833,0:03:25.809
Ta'lim platformasi ham [br]ularni kuzatishadi

0:03:25.833,0:03:28.018
va maktabdagi ta'lim [br]texnologiyalari ham.

0:03:28.042,0:03:29.643
Onlayn yozuvlari ham kuzatiladi

0:03:29.667,0:03:32.684
va shifoxonalaridagi [br]onlayn portallari ham.

0:03:32.708,0:03:35.059
Ularni internetli o'yinchoqlar, [br]ularning onlayn

0:03:35.083,0:03:36.393
o'yinlari orqali[br]kuzatishadi

0:03:36.417,0:03:39.083
va boshqa judayam ko'plab[br]texnologiyalar orqali.

0:03:40.250,0:03:41.893
Tadqiqotim davomida

0:03:41.917,0:03:46.059
ko'plab ota-onalar oldimga kelishardi[br]va "Ho'sh nima bo'libdi?" deyishardi.

0:03:46.083,0:03:49.000
"Nima farqi bor bolalarim kuzatilishini?

0:03:50.042,0:03:51.375
Yashiradigan narsamiz yo'q."

0:03:52.958,0:03:54.458
Lekin, farqi bor.

0:03:55.083,0:04:01.101
Farqi bor, chunki hozirda odamlarni [br]nafaqat kuzatishadi,

0:04:01.125,0:04:05.226
balki, ularning ma'lumoti alohida [br]yig'iladi qidiruv tarixiga asoslanib,

0:04:05.250,0:04:09.059
sun'iy ong va [br]bashorat tahlillari uchun ishlatiladi.

0:04:09.083,0:04:12.726
Inson hayoti bo'yicha iloji boricha [br]ko'p ma'lumot yig'ish uchun

0:04:12.750,0:04:14.601
turli manbalardan:

0:04:14.625,0:04:19.143
oila tarixi, xarid qilish odatlari[br]va ijtimoiy tarmoq izohlaridan.

0:04:19.167,0:04:21.018
Keyin ular bu ma'lumotlarni[br]jamlashadi.

0:04:21.042,0:04:23.792
Ma'lumotga asoslangan qaror [br]chiqarish uchun

0:04:24.792,0:04:28.226
bunday texnologiyalar[br]hamma yerda ishlatiladi.

0:04:28.250,0:04:30.643
Banklar bularni[br]kredit, qarz berishda ishlatishadi,

0:04:30.667,0:04:33.042
sug'urta kompaniayalari esa[br]premiyani aniqlashda.

0:04:34.208,0:04:36.684
Ish beruvchilar ham ulardan [br]foydalanishadi.

0:04:36.708,0:04:39.625
Nomzod ishga to'gri kelishi[br]yoki kelmasligini aniqlashda.

0:04:40.750,0:04:43.851
Shuningdek, politsiya va [br]sud ham jinoyatchini aniqlashda

0:04:43.875,0:04:47.393
ulardan foydalanishadi,

0:04:47.417,0:04:50.042
yoki qayta jinoyatga moyilligini [br]aniqlaganda.

0:04:52.458,0:04:56.518
Bizda ma'lumotlarni sotadigan, [br]sotib oladigan va tahlil qiladiganlar

0:04:56.542,0:05:00.184
ustidan hech qanday ko'nikma[br]yoki nazorat yo'q.

0:05:00.208,0:05:02.917
Ular bizni va bolalarimizning [br]ma'lumotlarini yig'ishadi.

0:05:03.625,0:05:07.667
Lekin bu yig'ilgan ma'lumotlar[br]huquqlarimizni yetarlicha buzishadi.

0:05:08.917,0:05:11.125
Misol uchun,

0:05:13.792,0:05:17.851
2018-yil New York Times yangiligida [br]aytilishicha

0:05:17.875,0:05:19.851
onlayn kollejni reja qilish[br]tizimi orqali

0:05:19.875,0:05:22.934
yig'ilgan ma'lumotlarda

0:05:22.958,0:05:27.684
AQSH bo'ylab millionlab [br]maktab o'quvchilari ma'lumoti yig'ilgan

0:05:27.708,0:05:31.351
kollej programmasi yoki [br]grant qidirib yurgan o'quvchilar orasidan

0:05:31.375,0:05:34.417
va bu ma'lumotlar[br]o'quv brokerlariga sotilgan.

0:05:35.792,0:05:41.226
Hozirda, Fordhamda o'quv brokerlarini[br]o'rgangan tadqiqotchilar

0:05:41.250,0:05:46.476
bolalarning ikki yoshligidan[br]ma'lumoti to'planishini oshkor qilishdi.

0:05:46.500,0:05:49.559
Turli yo'nalishlar bo'yicha:

0:05:49.583,0:05:53.768
millati, dini, boyligi,

0:05:53.792,0:05:55.851
ijtimoiy ahvoli

0:05:55.875,0:05:58.809
va ko'plab boshqa turli[br]yo'nalishlar bo'yicha.

0:05:58.833,0:06:03.851
Keyin ular bu yig'ilgan profillarni [br]bolalarning ismi,

0:06:03.875,0:06:06.684
uy manzili va kontaktlari bilan birga

0:06:06.708,0:06:08.559
turli kompaniyalarga sotishadi,

0:06:08.583,0:06:11.042
savdo va ta'lim dargohlaridan tortib,

0:06:12.083,0:06:13.351
talaba qarzlari,

0:06:13.375,0:06:15.125
talaba kredit karta[br]kompaniyasigacha.

0:06:16.542,0:06:17.893
Aniqlashtirish uchun,

0:06:17.917,0:06:21.726
Fordhamdagi tadqiqotchilar[br]o'quv brokeridan

0:06:21.750,0:06:27.559
14-15 yoshli qizlar ro'yxati bilan [br]ta'minlashni so'rashdi.

0:06:27.583,0:06:30.958
Masalan, oilaviy reja [br]qilishga qiziqadiganlarini.

0:06:32.208,0:06:34.684
Broker ro'yxatni berishga rozi bo'ldi.

0:06:34.708,0:06:39.583
Tasavvur qiling, bu qanchalik [br]bolalarimiz uchun havfli bo'lishi mumkin.

0:06:40.833,0:06:44.809
Lekin o'quv brokerlari shunchaki [br]bir misol.

0:06:44.833,0:06:49.518
Haqiqat shuki, bolalarimizning ma'lumoti[br]yig'ilishini biz nazorat qilolmaymiz,

0:06:49.542,0:06:52.958
ammo bu narsa ularning hayotiga[br]yetarlicha ta'sir qiladi.

0:06:54.167,0:06:57.643
Biz o'zimizdan so'rashimiz kerak:

0:06:57.667,0:07:02.351
bolalarimizning ma'lumoti yig'ilganda [br]biz bu texnologiyalarga ishona olamizmi?

0:07:02.375,0:07:03.625
Aniq ishona olamizmi?

0:07:05.708,0:07:06.958
Mening javobim "yo'q."

0:07:07.792,0:07:09.059
Antropolog sifatida,

0:07:09.083,0:07:12.851
Sun'iy ong va bashorat tahlillari[br]ajoyibdir.

0:07:12.875,0:07:14.893
Kasallik izini topishda

0:07:14.917,0:07:16.750
yoki iqlim o'zgarishga[br]qarshi kurashda.

0:07:18.000,0:07:19.643
Bu qarashdan[br]voz kechishimiz kerak:

0:07:19.667,0:07:23.351
ularning xolisona ma'lumot yig'ishida

0:07:23.375,0:07:26.559
va dalillarga asoslanib qaror chiqarishda[br]ularga ishonishimizda,

0:07:26.583,0:07:28.476
insonlar hayoti haqida.

0:07:28.500,0:07:31.059
Chunki ular insonning aslini ko'rsatmaydi.

0:07:31.083,0:07:34.434
Ma'lumotlar bizning kimligimizning [br]ko'zgusi emas.

0:07:34.458,0:07:36.559
Odam bir narsani o'ylab,[br]teskarisini aytadi,

0:07:36.583,0:07:39.018
ko'ngli buni desa,[br]o'zi boshqa ishni qiladi.

0:07:39.042,0:07:41.518
Algoritmik bashoratlar [br]yoki raqamli amaliyotlar

0:07:41.542,0:07:46.708
insonning murakab tizimini [br]oldindan aytib berolmaydi.

0:07:48.417,0:07:49.976
Lekin, avvalambor

0:07:50.000,0:07:52.684
bu texnologiyalar har doim ham

0:07:52.708,0:07:53.976
har doim ham

0:07:54.000,0:07:55.917
xolis emas.

0:07:57.125,0:08:02.184
Bilamizki, algoritmlar [br]qoidalar yoki qadamlar to'plamidir.

0:08:02.208,0:08:05.917
Ma'lum bir natijaga erishish uchun[br]ishlab chiqilgan, shunday emasmi?

0:08:06.833,0:08:09.559
Lekin bu qoidalar yoki qadamlar to'plami [br]xolis emas,

0:08:09.583,0:08:11.726
chunki ularni odamlar ishlab chiqishgan.

0:08:11.750,0:08:13.476
Ma'lum bir madaniy jabxada

0:08:13.500,0:08:16.000
va o'ziga xos madaniy jihatlar bilan[br]sayqallashgan.

0:08:16.667,0:08:18.393
Shunday ekan, mashinalar [br]o'rganishsa

0:08:18.417,0:08:20.667
ular noxolis algoritmlar [br]orqali o'rganishadi,

0:08:21.625,0:08:24.833
va ular noxolis ma'lumotlar [br]bazasidan ham tezroq o'rganishadi.

0:08:25.833,0:08:29.559
Ayni paytda, algoritmik taraqqiyotning[br]ilk misollarini ko'rishimiz mumkin.

0:08:29.583,0:08:33.083
Va ba'zi misollar [br]rostan qo'rqinchlidir.

0:08:34.500,0:08:38.559
Shu yili, Ney-Yorkdagi AI Now Instituti [br]hisobot chop etishdi:

0:08:38.583,0:08:40.976
shuni oshkor qilishdiki,[br]sun'iy ong texnologiyalari

0:08:41.000,0:08:44.476
bashorat qilishda ishlatilayotgan ekan,

0:08:44.500,0:08:47.625
"kir" ma'lumotlarni aniqlashga [br]o'rgatilgan.

0:08:48.333,0:08:51.226
Bu asosan shunday yig'ilganki,

0:08:51.250,0:08:55.434
tarixiy irqchillika oid ma'lumotlardan[br]iborat va

0:08:55.458,0:08:57.708
shaffof bo'lmagan politsiya [br]ishlari ham bor.

0:08:58.542,0:09:02.601
Bu texnologiyalar qora ma'lumotlarni[br]ishlatgani uchun

0:09:02.625,0:09:04.059
ular xolis emas,

0:09:04.083,0:09:08.601
ularning oqibatlari esa faqatgina [br]politsiya qilmishi va xatolarini

0:09:08.625,0:09:10.250
ko'paytiradi va abadiylashtiradi.

0:09:13.167,0:09:16.309
Xo'sh, menimcha bizning [br]jamiyatimiz muhim bir

0:09:16.333,0:09:17.976
muammoga duch keldi.

0:09:18.000,0:09:22.792
Biz ma'lumotlar yig'ishda ishlatiladigan[br]texnologiyalarga ishonishni boshladik.

0:09:23.750,0:09:26.268
Bilamizki, [br]inson ma'lumotlarini yig'ishda

0:09:26.292,0:09:29.101
bu texnologiyalar har doim ham [br]xolis bo'lmaydi

0:09:29.125,0:09:31.851
va hech qachon aniq bo'lmaydi.

0:09:31.875,0:09:34.809
Hozir bizga kerak bo'lgan narsa[br]bu siyosiy yechimdir.

0:09:34.833,0:09:39.542
Hukumatlarimiz bizning ma'lumot huquqimiz[br]insoniy huquqimiz ekanini tan olishi kerak

0:09:40.292,0:09:44.375
(Qarsaklar va hayqiriqlar)

0:09:47.833,0:09:51.917
Ungacha biz kelajakka[br]umid bilan qaray olmaymiz.

0:09:52.750,0:09:55.476
Men qizlarimning algoritmik[br]kamsitilishi va xatolarga

0:09:55.500,0:09:59.226
duchor bo'lishidan xavotirdaman.

0:09:59.250,0:10:01.643
Men bilan qizlarim o'rtasidagi [br]farq shundaki,

0:10:01.667,0:10:04.851
mening bolaligim haqida [br]umuman ochiq ma'lumotlar yo'q.

0:10:04.875,0:10:08.893
Shubhasiz men o'smirlik vaqtimda qilgan[br]va o'ylagan barcha ahmoqona ishlarning

0:10:08.917,0:10:11.059
ma'lumot bazasi yo'q.

0:10:11.083,0:10:12.583
(Kulgi)

0:10:13.833,0:10:16.583
Ammo qizlarim uchun[br]bu boshqacha bo'lishi mumkin.

0:10:17.292,0:10:20.476
Ularning ma'lumoti bugundan[br]boshlab yig'ilib borilmoqda,

0:10:20.500,0:10:24.309
u kelajakda ularni ustidan[br]hukm chiqarish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin

0:10:24.333,0:10:27.292
va ularning orzu-umidlariga [br]to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin.

0:10:28.583,0:10:30.101
Menimcha, vaqti keldi.

0:10:30.125,0:10:31.559
Harakat qilish vaqt keldi.

0:10:31.583,0:10:34.059
Barchamizning[br]birga ishlash vaqtimiz keldi

0:10:34.083,0:10:35.518
inson sifatida,

0:10:35.542,0:10:38.059
tashkilot va muassassa sifatida,

0:10:38.083,0:10:41.184
va biz ko'proq ma'lumot adolatini[br]talab qilamiz, o'zimiz uchun

0:10:41.208,0:10:42.601
va farzandlarimiz uchun

0:10:42.625,0:10:44.143
juda kech bo'lishidan oldin.

0:10:44.167,0:10:45.434
Tashakkur.

0:10:45.458,0:10:46.875
(Qarsaklar)