WEBVTT

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【音乐】介绍：卫报

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欢迎来到“ 每周科学”节目

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我们正在跟进新冠病毒疫情

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并探究一些从中暴露的科学问题。

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在今天的这集节目中，我们将关注阴谋论：

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现在很多人通过社交媒体

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获得有关新冠病毒的信息。

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但并不是网络上所有的信息都是可靠的。

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5G基站着火了。5G****!耶！

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它降低你的免疫能力，让人健康状况下降！

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对于阴谋论者来说，

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新冠疫情打开了奇怪的新世界的大门。

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新冠病毒是在实验室中通过生物工程加工出来的武器，

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或者是一种控制人口数量的手段。

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各位，你们知道你们现在在做什么吗？

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对，你们在铺设5G网络。所以，你知道它能杀人吗？

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它吸收氧气。这简直是胡说八道！

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却也是有危害的胡说八道。

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5G是阴谋论者最喜欢的目标，

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早在新冠病毒出现之前就是这样。而现在，

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这个谬论只是稍微调整了一下。

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这并不是一个观点或者一个有趣的阴谋论，

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这就是胡扯而已。

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那么是阴谋论中的什么让它在危急时刻

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如此吸引人呢？

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我们打到它们的最好办法又是什么呢？

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我是伊恩·桑普，卫报的科技编辑，

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您正在收看每周科学。

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我是丹尼尔·乔利博士。

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我是就职于英国纽卡斯尔市诺森比亚大学的心理学高级讲师，

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我的研究专长是阴谋论中的心理学。

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丹，你好，最近怎么样？

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最近很好，非常感谢能要请我来。

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那么，丹，我们从最基本的开始吧，

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什么事阴谋论，比如它和假消息有什么不同？

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假消息和阴谋论最大的不同在于阴谋论是

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由一个强大的组织为了自身利益内部编造的想法。

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有些事情只是假的，是因为其中没有隐藏动机。

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我的意思是有一个最基本的不同，

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那就是指着一群人

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谴责他们的错误，就比如把病毒归咎于他们。

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大体来讲，是阴谋论的什么方面

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让它们如此吸引我们呢？

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阴谋论一般在危急时刻出现，

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也就是我们需要感到有把握，有信心的时候。

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但在这种突发危机中，我们却感到害怕，

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不确定发生了什么，

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这也正是新冠疫情中我们所经历的。

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我总觉得相信阴谋论

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会使人更加焦急，但是事实上听起来，

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它们有相反的作用。

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这就很有趣了。

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相信的人们需要感到事情受控，

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但阴谋论对他们的影响可能恰恰是暂时的。

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它们看起来很吸引人，但却不够令人满意。

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明显的是暴露于阴谋论中的人们

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实际上比周围的人有更深的不信任。

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阴谋论事实上增强了他们的焦虑。

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很多时候是因为如果你不赞同某一个阴谋论，

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你就会开始怀疑别的事情，

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这说明它在一点点增加你的不信任，

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然后你就会对你生活的社会感到有点不确定。

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这样一来当它们在危急时刻浮现的时候，就会让我们暂时

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觉得更加安全，但这并不会持续多久。

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这对于你来说一定是一个爆发时期，

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因为研究阴谋论的某些人，我的意思是，

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你知道的，他们中最近活跃的一伙人，我们从5G基站、

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中国实验室流出的人造病毒这些中看到了。我是说，

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到底是什么让一个流行病看起来能让那么多人焦虑？

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在引起阴谋论大潮这方面，新冠疫情并不是个案。

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回头想想2015年的寨卡，

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曾经有阴谋论认为寨卡是人造武器。

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但寨卡是一种引起南非和加勒比海地区出行警告的

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通过蚊子传播的病毒。

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寨卡是基因编辑蚊子带来的吗？

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我们正在核查这个在脸书上流行的阴谋论。

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阴谋论在现在这样一个人们都在谈论

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极端不确定性的时候浮现得很恰当。

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同样的事情发生在新冠疫情上

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特朗普政府重复强调新冠病毒

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可能是从中国武汉实验室中流窜出来的，而不是

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如主流医学理论认为病毒来自武汉某海鲜市场的动物。

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由于世界非常混乱，而这又为所发生的一切

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提供了有形的谴责对象。

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这样的话，听起来阴谋论在任一大事件面前

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爆发是很正常的。

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难道你认为就因为阴谋论在新媒体上传播

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我们现在就看到了或者知道了更多吗？

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