[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.62,0:00:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forget about "good as gold".\NToday it's going to get evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.80,0:00:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But who or what is evil at all?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.97,0:00:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The devil?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.04,0:00:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Illuminati?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.57,0:00:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mother-in-law?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.44,0:00:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually evil stands for \Nmorally wrong decisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.83,0:00:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a basic power influencing\Nthe history of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.30,0:00:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and being the opponent of good.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.92,0:00:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meaning: where there is light, \Nthere is also shadow.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.59,0:00:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course! God against the devil,\Nthe West against the terrorists,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.06,0:00:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aspirin against a headache ...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.85,0:00:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's go back to \Nthe individual human being.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.55,0:00:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who actually defines \Nwhat is “morally wrong”?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.89,0:00:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Depending on one's ethic position, \Ndefinitons differ significantly.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.83,0:00:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to Bible critic \NBenedict de Spinoza, evil is everything
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.45,0:00:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that blocks the self-assertion \Nof an individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.55,0:00:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a force from outside
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.98,0:00:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that prevents us humans\Nfrom developing freely.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.24,0:01:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to Kant, evil is \Nan essential part of human nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.79,0:01:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since humans are not only\Nequipped with reason,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.51,0:01:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also with "empirical",\Nentirely worldly needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.78,0:01:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the inclination to the "dark side"-
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.82,0:01:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has always been a part of us?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.40,0:01:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His fellow Enlightenment thinker\NRousseau sees things differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.88,0:01:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For him, humans are born good.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.42,0:01:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only living in the community is what\Npoisons them, makes them evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.57,0:01:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, are we actually born evil,\Nor is it society that makes us evil?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.20,0:01:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nietzsche threw all of this overboard,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.28,0:01:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,declared "good" to be "bad",
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.07,0:01:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "evil" simply to be a construct \Nof Christian "slave morality.”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.40,0:01:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leibniz thoroughly examined evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.19,0:01:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He separated it into three categories.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.43,0:01:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First the malum physicum:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.57,0:01:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pain, loss, loneliness, poverty...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.74,0:01:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things you wouldn’t even \Nwish on your worst enemy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.45,0:01:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then Leibniz described \Nthe malum metaphysicum:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.62,0:01:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small imperfections, breaking points\Nbuilt in by a divine hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.47,0:01:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to Leibniz, man himself \Ncan only be evil in one way -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.81,0:02:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the malum morale, the moral evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.90,0:02:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sin which you commit, \Nwhen you turn away from God.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.93,0:02:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 20th century, \Nexistential philosopher Karl Jaspers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.85,0:02:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also divided evil within man \Ninto three categories.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.47,0:02:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First: urges of any kind.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.16,0:02:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second: lacking will to do good.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.47,0:02:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And third: the will to do evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.85,0:02:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is indeed interesting!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.26,0:02:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Haven’t we always been \Nmore fascinated by Darth Vader
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.92,0:02:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than by Luke Skywalker\Nclad in shabby eco-linen?!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.37,0:02:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Regardless of your religious or \Nideological point of view -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.45,0:02:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"pure" evil: killing, stealing, lying
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.94,0:02:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what is bad for\Nthe individual and society.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.76,0:02:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet it seems that we need evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.04,0:02:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good and evil are\Nin a dualistic relationship.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.79,0:02:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One cannot exist without the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.67,0:02:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Otherwise, Ozzy Osborne\Nwould just be a doddering father,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.80,0:02:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every Hollywood film \Nwould begin with the happy-end
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.49,0:02:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and plod along without antagonists.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.91,0:02:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need evil as an antithesis
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.10,0:03:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to find our way \Nin the world of ethics.