What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology
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0:02 - 0:06OK, I would like to introduce all of you
beautiful, curious-minded people -
0:06 - 0:08to my favorite animal in the world.
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0:09 - 0:12This is the Peter Pan
of the amphibian world. -
0:12 - 0:14It's an axolotl.
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0:14 - 0:15It's a type of salamander,
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0:15 - 0:18but it never fully grows up
and climbs out of the water -
0:18 - 0:20like other salamanders do.
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0:20 - 0:23And this little guy has
X-Man-style powers, right? -
0:23 - 0:25So if it loses any limb,
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0:25 - 0:28it can just completely regenerate.
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0:28 - 0:29It's amazing.
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0:29 - 0:32And, I mean, look at it --
it's got a face with a permanent smile. -
0:32 - 0:33(Laughter)
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0:33 - 0:34It's framed by feathery gills.
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0:34 - 0:36It's just ... how could you not love that?
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0:36 - 0:40This particular type of axolotl,
a very close relative, -
0:40 - 0:42is known as an achoque.
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0:42 - 0:43It is equally as cute,
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0:44 - 0:48and it lives in just one place
in a lake in the north of Mexico. -
0:48 - 0:50It's called Lake Pátzcuaro,
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0:50 - 0:52and as you can see,
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0:52 - 0:54it is stunningly beautiful.
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0:54 - 0:57But unfortunately, it's been so overfished
and so badly polluted -
0:57 - 1:00that the achoque is dying out altogether.
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1:01 - 1:04And this is something that's a scenario
that's playing out all over the world. -
1:04 - 1:07We're living through an extinction crisis,
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1:07 - 1:11and species are particularly vulnerable
when they're evolutionarily tailored -
1:11 - 1:14to just one little niche
or maybe one lake. -
1:14 - 1:16But this is TED, right?
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1:16 - 1:18So this is where I give you
the big idea, the big solution. -
1:18 - 1:23So how do you save one special
weird species from going extinct? -
1:23 - 1:25Well, the answer, at least my answer,
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1:25 - 1:27isn't a grand technological intervention.
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1:27 - 1:28It's actually really simple.
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1:28 - 1:32It's that you find people
who know all about this animal -
1:32 - 1:34and you ask them and you listen to them
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1:35 - 1:39and you work with them,
if they're up for that. -
1:39 - 1:42So I want to tell you about
how I've seen that in science, -
1:42 - 1:44and in conservation in particular,
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1:44 - 1:47if scientists don't team up
with local people -
1:47 - 1:49who have really valuable knowledge
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1:49 - 1:53but a practical wisdom that's not going
to be published in any academic journal, -
1:53 - 1:55they can really miss the point.
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1:55 - 1:59Scientists and science as an enterprise
can fall at the first hurdle -
1:59 - 2:03if it rushes in knowing
that it's the experts that know best. -
2:03 - 2:06But when scientists shake off
those academic constraints -
2:06 - 2:09and really look to people
who have a totally different -
2:09 - 2:12but really important perspective
on what they're trying to do, -
2:12 - 2:14it can genuinely save the world,
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2:14 - 2:17one wonderfully weird amphibian at a time.
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2:18 - 2:20So, in the case of the achoque,
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2:20 - 2:22these are the people
you need on your team. -
2:22 - 2:23(Laughter)
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2:23 - 2:26These are the Sisters
of the Immaculate Health. -
2:26 - 2:30They are nuns who have a convent
in Pátzcuaro, they live in Pátzcuaro, -
2:30 - 2:32and they have a shared history
with the achoque. -
2:32 - 2:34And it is so mind-bogglingly wonderful
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2:35 - 2:38that it drew me all the way there
to make an audio documentary about them, -
2:38 - 2:40and I even have the unflattering selfie
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2:40 - 2:42to prove it.
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2:42 - 2:45There is a room at the center
of their convent, though, -
2:45 - 2:46that looks like this.
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2:46 - 2:47It's very strange.
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2:47 - 2:50It's lined with all these tanks
full of fresh water -
2:50 - 2:52and hundreds of achoques.
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2:52 - 2:56And that's because this creature,
because of its regenerative abilities, -
2:56 - 3:00it's believed has healing powers
if you consume it. -
3:00 - 3:05So the sisters actually make and sell
a medicine using achoques. -
3:06 - 3:07I bought a bottle of it.
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3:10 - 3:11So this is it.
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3:11 - 3:14It tastes a bit like honey,
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3:14 - 3:16but the sisters reckon it is good
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3:16 - 3:19for all kinds of particularly
respiratory ailments. -
3:19 - 3:23So I just want you to have a listen,
if you will, to a clip of Sister Ofelia. -
3:23 - 3:25(Audio) Sister Ofelia: (speaks in Spanish)
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3:25 - 3:28(Audio) (Interpreter voice-over)
Our convent was founded by Dominican nuns -
3:28 - 3:31here in Pátzcuaro in 1747.
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3:32 - 3:33Sometime after that,
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3:33 - 3:36our sisters started to make
the achoque syrup. -
3:36 - 3:39We didn't discover
the properties of the achoque. -
3:39 - 3:44That was the original people
from around here, since ancient times. -
3:44 - 3:47But we then started to make
the syrup, too. -
3:47 - 3:48The locals knew that,
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3:48 - 3:51and they came to offer us the animals.
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3:51 - 3:52(Audio) Victoria Gill: I see.
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3:52 - 3:55So the achoques are
part of making that syrup. -
3:55 - 3:58What does the syrup treat,
and what is it for? -
3:58 - 4:01(Audio) SO: (speaks in Spanish)
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4:01 - 4:04(Audio) (Interpreter voice-over)
It's good for coughs, asthma, -
4:04 - 4:07bronchitis, the lungs and back pain.
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4:07 - 4:09(Audio) VG: And so you've
harnessed that power -
4:09 - 4:11in a syrup, in a medicine.
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4:11 - 4:13Can you tell me how it's made?
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4:14 - 4:19You're shaking your head
and smiling. (Laughter) -
4:19 - 4:22VG: Yeah, they're not up for sharing
the centuries-old secret recipe. -
4:22 - 4:23(Laughter)
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4:23 - 4:28But the decline in the achoque
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4:28 - 4:31actually nearly put a halt
to that medicine production altogether, -
4:31 - 4:34which is why the sisters started this.
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4:34 - 4:36It's the world's first achoque farm.
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4:36 - 4:39All they wanted was a healthy,
sustainable population -
4:39 - 4:41so that they could continue
to make that medicine, -
4:41 - 4:43but what they created at the same time
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4:43 - 4:47was a captive breeding program
for a critically endangered species. -
4:47 - 4:49And fast forward a few years,
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4:49 - 4:51and these scientists
that you can see in this picture -
4:51 - 4:54from Chester Zoo
all the way over the in UK, -
4:54 - 4:55not far from where I live,
-
4:55 - 4:58and from Michoacana University
in Morelia in Mexico -
4:58 - 5:01have persuaded the sisters --
it took years of careful diplomacy -- -
5:01 - 5:04to join them in a research partnership.
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5:04 - 5:06So the nuns show the biologists
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5:06 - 5:10how you rear perfectly healthy,
very robust Pátzcuaro achoques, -
5:10 - 5:13and the scientists have put
some of their funding -
5:13 - 5:14into tanks, filters and pumps
-
5:14 - 5:18in this strange, incongruous
but amazing room. -
5:18 - 5:22This is the kind of partnership
that can save a species. -
5:22 - 5:25But I don't think I see
enough of this sort of thing, -
5:25 - 5:27and I have been ludicrously
lucky in my job. -
5:27 - 5:31I've traveled to loads of places
and just basically followed around -
5:31 - 5:35brilliant people who are trying
to use science to answer big questions -
5:35 - 5:37and solve problems.
-
5:37 - 5:40I've hung out with scientists
who have solved the mystery -
5:40 - 5:43of the origin of the menopause
by tracking killer whales -
5:43 - 5:45off the north Pacific coast.
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5:45 - 5:46And I've followed around scientists
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5:46 - 5:49who've planted cameras
in Antarctic penguin colonies, -
5:49 - 5:52because they were looking to capture
the impacts of climate change -
5:52 - 5:54as it happens.
-
5:54 - 5:57But it's this team
that really stuck with me, -
5:57 - 5:59that really showed me the impact
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5:59 - 6:03that these delicate but really
important relationships can have. -
6:04 - 6:06And I think the reason
that it stuck with me as well -
6:06 - 6:08is because it's not common.
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6:08 - 6:10And one of the reasons it's not common
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6:10 - 6:14is because our traditional approach
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6:14 - 6:16of the hierarchical system
of academic achievement -
6:16 - 6:20doesn't exactly encourage
the type of humility -
6:20 - 6:23where scientists will look
to nonscientists -
6:23 - 6:25and really ask for their input.
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6:25 - 6:28In fact, I think we have
a bit of a tradition, -
6:28 - 6:29especially in the West,
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6:29 - 6:32of a kind of academically blinkered hubris
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6:32 - 6:35that has kept science historically
an enterprise for the elite. -
6:35 - 6:37And I think although that's moved on,
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6:37 - 6:41it continues to be
its downfall on occasion. -
6:42 - 6:46So here's my example from history
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6:46 - 6:50and my takedown of a scientific hero.
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6:50 - 6:52Sir Ernest Shackleton
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6:52 - 6:56and his Trans-Antarctic Expedition
more than a century ago, -
6:56 - 6:58the celebrated ill-fated adventure.
-
6:58 - 6:59On his way there,
-
7:00 - 7:03Shackleton just didn't listen
to the whalers in South Georgia. -
7:03 - 7:06They knew that region, and they told him
you won't get through the ice this year. -
7:06 - 7:09It's too widespread, it's too far north,
it's too dangerous. -
7:09 - 7:11And look what happened.
-
7:11 - 7:13I mean, granted, that great adventure,
-
7:13 - 7:16that story of heroic leadership
that we still tell, -
7:16 - 7:18where he saved
every single one of his men, -
7:18 - 7:21we wouldn't be telling that story
if he'd just hightailed it for home -
7:22 - 7:23and taken their advice.
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7:23 - 7:24But it cost him his ship,
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7:24 - 7:27I would imagine quite a lot
of cold injuries among the team, -
7:27 - 7:28a good few cases of PTSD
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7:28 - 7:31and Mrs. Chippy,
the ship's cat, had to be shot -
7:31 - 7:35because the team couldn't afford
any extra food as they fought to survive. -
7:36 - 7:38Now, that was all a very long time ago,
-
7:38 - 7:40but as I've prepared for this talk,
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7:40 - 7:44I've revisited some of the stories
that I have covered, -
7:44 - 7:49where these really unusual collaborations
made a real positive difference. -
7:49 - 7:51So I spoke to former poachers
-
7:51 - 7:53whose knowledge of where
they used to hunt illegally -
7:53 - 7:56is now really important
in conservation projects -
7:56 - 7:58in those same places.
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7:58 - 8:00And I spoke to an amazing artist
-
8:00 - 8:03whose own experience
of mental health struggles -
8:03 - 8:07has actually paved the way for him
to take a role in designing and creating -
8:07 - 8:11a new, really innovative and beautiful
mental health ward in a hospital. -
8:12 - 8:15Most recently, I worked here,
in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, -
8:15 - 8:19with a team of scientists
that have been working there for decades. -
8:19 - 8:21One of their experiments
growing crops in that area -
8:21 - 8:23has now turned into this.
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8:23 - 8:25It's Chernobyl's first vodka.
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8:25 - 8:28(Laughter)
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8:31 - 8:34It's pretty good, too! I've tasted it.
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8:34 - 8:37And this is actually,
although it looks like a niche product, -
8:37 - 8:42it's set to be the first consumer product
to come out of the exclusion zone -
8:42 - 8:43since the nuclear accident.
-
8:43 - 8:46And that's actually the result
of years of conversation -
8:46 - 8:50with local communities who still live
on the periphery of that abandoned land -
8:50 - 8:54and want to know when they can --
and if they can -- safely grow food -
8:54 - 8:57and build businesses and rebuild
their communities and their lives. -
8:58 - 9:00This was a product of humility,
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9:00 - 9:01of listening,
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9:01 - 9:05and I saw that in spades
when I visited Pátzcuaro. -
9:05 - 9:09So I watched as a decades-experienced
conservation biologist -
9:09 - 9:10called Gerardo Garcia
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9:10 - 9:12listened and watched super carefully
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9:12 - 9:14as a nun in a full habit
and wimple and latex gloves -
9:14 - 9:17showed him how, if you tap
an achoque on the head really gently, -
9:17 - 9:21it'll open its mouth so you can quickly
get a DNA swab with a Q-tip. -
9:21 - 9:22(Laughter)
-
9:22 - 9:27When scientists team up with,
look to and defer to people -
9:27 - 9:30who have a really valuable perspective
on what they're trying to do -
9:30 - 9:32but a totally different outlook,
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9:32 - 9:34something really special can happen.
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9:36 - 9:42Now, there is a truly global
and a very, very ambitious example of this -
9:42 - 9:45called the International Panel
on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. -
9:45 - 9:48Now, that is not a snappy title,
but stick with me. -
9:48 - 9:51This organization includes
more than 130 countries, -
9:51 - 9:55and it's aiming to do nothing less
than assess the state of the natural world -
9:55 - 9:57across our entire planet.
-
9:57 - 9:59So it recently published
this global assessment -
9:59 - 10:00on the state of nature,
-
10:00 - 10:03and that could be the foundation
for an international agreement -
10:03 - 10:06where all of those nations could sign up
to finally take action -
10:06 - 10:10to tackle the biodiversity crisis
that's happening on planet Earth -
10:10 - 10:11right now.
-
10:12 - 10:16Now, I know from trying to communicate,
trying to report on reports like this, -
10:16 - 10:18on assessments like this
for a broad audience, -
10:18 - 10:22that these big international groups
can seem so high-level -
10:22 - 10:25as to be kind of
out of reach and nebulous, -
10:25 - 10:28but there's a group of human beings
at the center of them, -
10:28 - 10:29the report's authors,
-
10:29 - 10:32who have this formidable task
of bringing together -
10:32 - 10:34all of that biological
and ecological information -
10:34 - 10:36that paints a clear and accurate picture
-
10:36 - 10:39of the state of the natural world.
-
10:39 - 10:42And 10 years before this panel
even set out to do that, -
10:42 - 10:43to put that assessment together,
-
10:43 - 10:47they created what's called
a "cultural concept framework." -
10:47 - 10:51This is essentially
a cultural concept translation dictionary -
10:51 - 10:55for all of the different ways
that we talk about the natural world. -
10:55 - 10:57So it formally recognizes, for example,
-
10:57 - 11:01that "Mother Earth" and "nature"
means the same thing. -
11:02 - 11:04And what that means is that
Indigenous and local knowledge -
11:04 - 11:06can be brought into the same document
-
11:06 - 11:09and given the weight
and merit that it deserves -
11:09 - 11:15in that assessment of what state
our natural environment is in. -
11:15 - 11:17And that is absolutely critical,
-
11:17 - 11:21because an Inuit hunter might never
publish in an academic journal, -
11:21 - 11:26but I'll bet you she knows more about
the changes to her home Arctic community -
11:26 - 11:28because of climate change
-
11:28 - 11:32than a scientist who spent many years
going to and from that region -
11:32 - 11:33taking measurements.
-
11:33 - 11:37And collectively, Indigenous people
are the caretakers -
11:37 - 11:43of an estimated 25 percent
of the entire global land surface, -
11:43 - 11:47including some of the most biodiverse
places on the planet. -
11:47 - 11:50So imagine how much we're missing
-
11:50 - 11:52if we don't cross
those cultural boundaries, -
11:52 - 11:53or at least try to,
-
11:53 - 11:56when we're trying to figure out
how the world works -
11:56 - 11:57and how to protect it.
-
11:58 - 12:03Every single research proposal
is a new opportunity to do exactly that. -
12:03 - 12:07So what if, every time
a research project was proposed, -
12:07 - 12:11it had to include a suggestion
of a person or a group of people -- -
12:11 - 12:14local farmers, Indigenous
community leaders, nuns -- -
12:14 - 12:17that researchers wanted
to bring into the fold, -
12:17 - 12:19invite into their team and listen to?
-
12:20 - 12:23I just want to let
Sister Ofelia give her view -
12:23 - 12:26of why she is so particularly
driven and dedicated -
12:26 - 12:29to the survival of the achoque.
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12:30 - 12:35(Audio) VG: Sister Ofelia, do you think
that saving this species from extinction, -
12:35 - 12:38is that part of your work for God?
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12:39 - 12:43(Audio) SO: (speaks in Spanish)
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12:43 - 12:46(Audio) (Interpreter voice-over)
It's the responsibility -
12:46 - 12:47of every human being
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12:47 - 12:49not to harm those who live around us.
-
12:49 - 12:51That's all living things.
-
12:51 - 12:57We're all created not only just to survive
but to be happy and to make others happy. -
12:57 - 13:02All of us here are providing happiness
by protecting this animal, -
13:02 - 13:07and we're also making Him happy.
-
13:07 - 13:12(Audio) (Nuns singing)
-
13:15 - 13:19VG: I feel like I should sort of slink off
and let the nuns sing me out, -
13:19 - 13:21because it sounds so lovely.
-
13:21 - 13:22But did you hear that?
-
13:22 - 13:24"We're providing happiness."
-
13:24 - 13:26Now, that's not a protocol
you'd ever see outlined -
13:26 - 13:29in any formal research project proposal --
-
13:29 - 13:30(Laughter)
-
13:30 - 13:34but it's the impetus behind what's become
the most successful breeding program -
13:34 - 13:35in the world
-
13:35 - 13:39of an animal that was on the very
brink of being wiped out. -
13:39 - 13:41And isn't that just wonderful?
-
13:41 - 13:43Thank you.
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13:43 - 13:46(Applause)
- Title:
- What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology
- Speaker:
- Victoria Gill
- Description:
-
To save the achoque -- an exotic (and adorable) salamander found in a lake in northern Mexico -- scientists teamed up with an unexpected research partner: a group of nuns called the Sisters of the Immaculate Health. In this delightful talk, science journalist Victoria Gill shares the story of how this unusual collaboration saved the achoque from extinction -- and demonstrates how local and indigenous people could hold the secret to saving our planet's weird, wonderful and most threatened species.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 13:59
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology | ||
Erin Gregory approved English subtitles for What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology | ||
Erin Gregory edited English subtitles for What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology | ||
Camille Martínez accepted English subtitles for What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for What a nun can teach a scientist about ecology |