LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K)
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0:02 - 0:03Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
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0:03 - 0:04Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs -
0:04 - 0:05Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity. -
0:05 - 0:09Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward. -
0:09 - 0:09Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward. -
0:09 - 0:10Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward. -
0:17 - 0:19"In all the universe,
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0:19 - 0:25"In all the universe,
there stands only one known tree of life." -
0:31 - 0:34"Does it stand alone?
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0:34 - 0:40"Does it stand alone?
Or is it part of a vast cosmic wilderness?" -
0:46 - 0:53"Imagine a museum
containing every type of life in the universe." -
0:58 - 1:01"What strange things would such a museum hold?"
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1:16 - 1:19"What is possible under the laws of nature?"
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1:40 - 1:41LIFE
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1:41 - 1:46LIFE BEYOND
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1:49 - 1:50CHAPTER II
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1:50 - 1:55CHAPTER II
The Museum Of Alien Life -
2:03 - 2:04To have any hope-
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2:04 - 2:06of finding alien life,
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2:06 - 2:07we have to know what to look for.
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2:12 - 2:14But where do we begin?
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2:15 - 2:16How do we narrow down...
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2:17 - 2:18a seemingly infinite set-
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2:18 - 2:20of possibilities...
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2:27 - 2:30There's one thing we know for sure...
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2:31 - 2:32nature will have to play-
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2:32 - 2:33by her own rules.
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2:37 - 2:38No matter how strange-
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2:38 - 2:40alien life might be,
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2:40 - 2:41is going to be limited-
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2:41 - 2:43by the same physical...
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2:43 - 2:45and chemical laws that we are....
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2:47 - 2:476
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2:47 - 2:476 C
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2:47 - 2:476 CO
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2:47 - 2:476 CO₂
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2:47 - 2:476 CO₂ +
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2:47 - 2:476 CO₂ + 6
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2:47 - 2:476 CO₂ + 6 H
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2:47 - 2:476 CO₂ + 6 H₂
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2:47 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O +
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + L
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Li
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Lig
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Ligh
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light →
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆
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2:48 - 2:486 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ +
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2:48 - 2:496 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6
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2:49 - 2:496 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O
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2:49 - 2:526 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
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2:52 - 2:52On top of this,
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ -
2:52 - 2:53On top of this,
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2:53 - 2:54each alien environment will further limit-
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2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ →
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:54⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:54 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅O
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2C
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ +
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + E
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + En
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Ene
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Ener
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energ
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:55⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:55 - 2:56⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
each alien environment will further limit- -
2:56 - 2:57⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
what kinds of life forms can evolve there. -
2:57 - 2:57⁴⁵⁸ ɴɪʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
what kinds of life forms can evolve there. -
2:57 - 2:59⁴⁰⁵⁰ ɴɪʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
what kinds of life forms can evolve there. -
3:07 - 3:09Despite these natural boundaries,
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3:09 - 3:12the possibilities are staggering to imagine.
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3:14 - 3:16Trillions of planets,
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3:16 - 3:18each a unique cauldron of chemicals,
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3:18 - 3:23undergoing their own complex evolution.
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3:28 - 3:29To guide our thinking,
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3:30 - 3:31this museum of alien life-
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3:31 - 3:34will be divided into two exhibits...
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3:36 - 3:36Life as we know it,
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3:36 - 3:37EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
Life as we know it, -
3:37 - 3:38EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
home to beings- -
3:38 - 3:41EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
with bio-chemistries like ours. -
3:42 - 3:42EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ -
3:42 - 3:44EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
And life as we don't know it, -
3:44 - 3:44EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ -
3:44 - 3:45EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
home to beings- -
3:45 - 3:48EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
that challenge our concept of life itself. -
3:54 - 3:55Before we venture-
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3:55 - 3:57too far into the unknown,
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3:57 - 3:59we have to ask ourselves...
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4:00 - 4:01what if alien life-
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4:01 - 4:02is more like us...
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4:02 - 4:04than we think?
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4:11 - 4:13EXHIBIT I
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4:13 - 4:15EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It -
4:15 - 4:15EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ -
4:15 - 4:16EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
If there's one feature- -
4:16 - 4:17EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
that unites us... -
4:17 - 4:20EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
with these other specimes in this museum, -
4:20 - 4:20EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ -
4:20 - 4:21EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
it's carbon... -
4:22 - 4:22Carbon
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4:22 - 4:22Carbon ⁴
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4:22 - 4:22S
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ -
4:22 - 4:22ᴀ Sᴜ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐ -
4:22 - 4:22C
ᴀᴛ Sᴜʙ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒ -
4:22 - 4:22R | C 0
ᴀᴛᴏ Sᴜʙʟ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢ -
4:22 - 4:22R + | C 00
ᴀᴛᴏᴍ Sᴜʙʟɪ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ -
4:22 - 4:22R + 7: | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃ -
4:22 - 4:23R + 7: 9 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 5 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56. | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.2 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂. Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:23 - 4:23R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:23 - 4:25R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:25 - 4:25R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:25 - 4:26R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Carbon is ubiquitous, -
4:26 - 4:26R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:26 - 4:27R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
it's one o' tho most- -
4:27 - 4:28R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
it's one o' tho most- -
4:28 - 4:29R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
common elements in the universe, -
4:29 - 4:29R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
common elements in the universe, -
4:29 - 4:30R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:30 - 4:31R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and is very good at forming- -
4:31 - 4:31R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and is very good at forming- -
4:31 - 4:32R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules. -
4:32 - 4:33R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules. -
4:33 - 4:34R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules. -
4:34 - 4:35R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:35 - 4:37R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:37 - 4:37R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:37 - 4:39R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Carbon has the rare ability- -
4:39 - 4:39R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
to form four way bounds- -
4:39 - 4:40R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
to form four way bounds- -
4:40 - 4:41R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
with other elements... -
4:41 - 4:42R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
with other elements... -
4:42 - 4:42R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ -
4:42 - 4:42R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and to bind to itself- -
4:42 - 4:43R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and to bind to itself- -
4:43 - 4:43R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
in long stable chains... -
4:43 - 4:45R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
in long stable chains... -
4:46 - 4:47enabling the formation...
-
4:48 - 4:51of huge complex molecules.
-
4:56 - 4:59This versatility makes carbon the center piece
-
4:59 - 5:01in the moleculary machinery of life.
-
5:03 - 5:05And the same carbon compounds
-
5:05 - 5:06that we use have been-
-
5:06 - 5:09found far from Earth,
-
5:09 - 5:10clinging to meteorites
-
5:11 - 5:11G
-
5:11 - 5:11Gl
-
5:11 - 5:11Gly
-
5:11 - 5:11Glyc
-
5:11 - 5:11Glyci
-
5:11 - 5:11Glycin
-
5:11 - 5:12Glycine
-
5:12 - 5:15Glycine
to floating in far off clouds... -
5:15 - 5:15Glycine
-
5:15 - 5:16Glycine
of cosmic dust. -
5:16 - 5:18Glycine
-
5:18 - 5:20Glycine
The building blocks of life... -
5:21 - 5:24drifting like snow through the universe.
-
5:30 - 5:32And if alien life has selected other-
-
5:33 - 5:35carbon compounds for the biochemistry,
-
5:36 - 5:38they will have plenty to choose from.
-
5:40 - 5:41Z DNA | B DNA
-
5:42 - 5:44Scientists recently identified
-
5:44 - 5:46over a million possible-
-
5:46 - 5:48alternatives to DNA...
-
5:48 - 5:51all carbon based.
-
5:58 - 5:59If we ever discover-
-
5:59 - 6:01other carbon based life forms,
-
6:02 - 6:06we will be fundamentally related.
-
6:08 - 6:11They will be our cosmic brother.
-
6:13 - 6:15But would they look anything like us?
-
6:20 - 6:22If they hail from Earth like planets,
-
6:23 - 6:24we could share even more in common,
-
6:25 - 6:28than just our biochemistry.
-
6:30 - 6:31What would life be like-
-
6:31 - 6:32on another planets,
-
6:32 - 6:33if it is evolved?
-
6:33 - 6:34Would it be like,
-
6:35 - 6:37the world today here on Earth?
-
6:37 - 6:40Or would be completely different?
-
6:40 - 6:41There are those,
-
6:41 - 6:42who argue that...
-
6:42 - 6:44from the argument of convergent evolution,
-
6:45 - 6:48if conditions on other planets are similar to here,
-
6:48 - 6:50then we will see very similar life forms;
-
6:54 - 6:57animal and plant-like organisms,
-
6:57 - 7:00that look very familiar.
-
7:12 - 7:13On Earth,
-
7:13 - 7:15certain features like eyesight,
-
7:15 - 7:17echo-location and flight
-
7:17 - 7:19have evolved multiple times,
-
7:19 - 7:20independently...
-
7:20 - 7:22in different species.
-
7:24 - 7:26This process of convergent evolution...
-
7:26 - 7:29could extend to alien planets like Earth,
-
7:29 - 7:35where creatures share similar environmental pressures.
-
7:35 - 7:37It's no guarantee,
-
7:37 - 7:39but there could be certain
-
7:39 - 7:42universalities of life...
-
7:44 - 7:46the greatest hits of evolution...
-
7:46 - 7:49on repeat across the Universe.
-
7:58 - 7:59Each feature would be a tune
-
7:59 - 8:02to its local environment.
-
8:03 - 8:04Dimly lit planets...
-
8:04 - 8:08would produce huge eyes to suck in extra light,
-
8:08 - 8:11like nocturnal mammals.
-
8:14 - 8:15Some people have gone-
-
8:15 - 8:16so far as to say-
-
8:17 - 8:18that human type organism,
-
8:19 - 8:19humanoids,
-
8:19 - 8:22will occur on other planets.
-
8:26 - 8:30The existence of other human-like
organisms seems unlikely, -
8:30 - 8:34given the long convoluted chain
of events that produced us. -
8:35 - 8:36But we can't rule it out.
-
8:41 - 8:45If just one in every 100 trillion
Earth-like planets produced -
8:45 - 8:50a human-like form, the could still be
thousands of creatures like us out there. -
9:03 - 9:07But in reality, we are more likely to find
something lower on the food chain. -
9:10 - 9:13Convergent evolution is also
rampant in plant life -
9:14 - 9:19and C4 photosynthesis has arisen
independently over 40 times. -
9:22 - 9:25Would alien plants look like ours or
something else entirely? -
9:37 - 9:41On Earth, plants appear green because
they absorb the other wavelenghts -
9:41 - 9:43in the Sun's light spectrum.
-
9:46 - 9:48But stars come in many colors
-
9:53 - 9:57and alien plants would evolve different pigments
to adapt to their sun's unique spectrum. -
10:04 - 10:08Plants feeding off hotter stars
could appear redder, -
10:08 - 10:11by absorbing their energy rich bluer light.
-
10:20 - 10:24Around dim Red Dwarfs stars,
vegetation could appear black, -
10:25 - 10:28adapted to absorb all visible
wavelengths of light. -
10:45 - 10:48Earth itself may have once
appeared purple, -
10:48 - 10:52due a pigment called retinal, that was
an early precursor to chlorophyll. -
10:55 - 10:58Some think that retinal's molecular simplicity
-
10:58 - 11:01could make it a more universal pigment.
-
11:04 - 11:09If so, we may find that purple,
is life's favorite color. -
11:20 - 11:24But the color of alien vegetation
is more than just a curiosity, -
11:26 - 11:29it's chemical information that could
be seen from light years away. -
11:35 - 11:39Earth plants leave a signature bump
in the light reflected off our planet. -
11:40 - 11:43Finding a similar signal from another
world could point the way -
11:44 - 11:45to alien vegetation.
-
11:50 - 11:54Perhaps this will be our first glimpse at alien life;
-
11:55 - 11:58a vibrant hue, cast by a distinct world.
-
12:12 - 12:20But the biggest influence on life won't be it's host star; it will be it's home planet.
-
12:21 - 12:23What happens, when you change the day - length of a planet?
-
12:23 - 12:25What happens when you change the tilt of a planet?
-
12:26 - 12:28What happens when you change the shape of the orbit?
-
12:28 - 12:31What happens when you change the gravity of a planet?
-
12:34 - 12:39Planets with long, elliptical orbits would see drastic seasons.
-
12:41 - 12:45There could be worlds that appear dead for thousands of years,
-
12:46 - 12:47then suddenly spring to life.
-
13:03 - 13:07Most of the rocky planets discovered so far have been massive "Super Earths".
-
13:09 - 13:12GJ 357 DSuper Earth Distance : ~ 31 Light Years Mass : ~ 7× Earth Temperature : ~ -53°C
-
13:13 - 13:15How would life evolve on these worlds?
-
13:19 - 13:22In the seas, gravity may not matter much at all.
-
13:30 - 13:32A high - gravity planet isn't high - gravity all over.
-
13:34 - 13:38If you're in the sea, that's where all life starts, there's very nearly no gravity,
-
13:38 - 13:40cause you're much the density as the stuff around you.
-
13:43 - 13:47It's when the animals come out on land, that they feel the gravity.
-
13:52 - 13:54High G - forces [vaguely, gravitational forces] would necessitate
-
13:54 - 13:57large bones and muscle mass in complex life on land.
-
14:00 - 14:03They would also demand a more robust circulatory system.
-
14:05 - 14:11And plant life could be stunted by the energy cost of carrying nutrients under stronger gravity.
-
14:17 - 14:21Low - gravity planets would more easily lose their atmospheres to space;
-
14:22 - 14:25and lack a magnetic field to protect from cosmic rays.
-
14:36 - 14:39But smaller worlds could be home to secret oases;
-
14:46 - 14:49huge cave systems that provide hide-outs for life.
-
15:03 - 15:11With steadier temperatures and protection from cosmic rays, life could thrive underground on planets with deadly surfaces.
-
15:27 - 15:33The smallest possible habitable planets are estimated at 2.5% Earth's mass.
-
15:35 - 15:38If surface life does evolve on these worlds,
-
15:39 - 15:41it could be a sight to behold.
-
15:45 - 15:47Plant life could grow to towering heights,
-
15:47 - 15:51able to carry nutrients higher, at lesser gravity.
-
15:59 - 16:03And without the need for bulky skeletons and muscle mass,
-
16:03 - 16:06animals could have body types, that boggle the mind.
-
16:22 - 16:28"Despite our eager imagination, large complex lifeforms
are probably a cosmic rarity." -
16:32 - 16:35Here on Earth, it took three
billion years for evolution -
16:35 - 16:37to produce complex plant and animal life.
-
16:40 - 16:43Simple organisms are hardier,
more adaptable -
16:43 - 16:44and more widespread.
-
16:48 - 16:51The largest collection in the
museum of alien life -
16:51 - 16:54would likely be the Hall of Microbes.
-
17:10 - 17:15Yet finding even the tiniest alien microbe
would be a profound discovery. -
17:31 - 17:34And bite-sized life could leave
a big footprint. -
17:36 - 17:40Like stromatolites on Earth, layers of
microbes could build up into huge -
17:40 - 17:41rock mounds over time.
-
17:42 - 17:44Leaving behind eery structures.
-
17:49 - 17:51And in big enough numbers
some alien -
17:51 - 17:54bacteria could leave a
distinct biosignature, -
17:56 - 17:59by exhaling gases that wouldn't
coexist naturally: -
17:59 - 18:01like oxygen and methane.
-
18:07 - 18:09There's ways to make oxygen without life.
-
18:09 - 18:11There's ways to make methane without life.
-
18:11 - 18:13But to have them in the atmosphere together?
-
18:13 - 18:17Is almost impossible unless you've got
biology making those gases at the surface. -
18:18 - 18:21And it would have a imprint on
the planet's spectrum of colors. -
18:23 - 18:26Next generation space telescopes
could find a signal like this, -
18:29 - 18:31on a world not far from home.
-
18:32 - 18:37The closest Sun-like star with an
Earth-like exoplanet in the -
18:37 - 18:40habitable zone is probably only
20 light years away -
18:40 - 18:42and can be seen with a naked eye.
-
18:46 - 18:52But there may be an even easier target to aim for than tiny Earth-like planets.
-
18:55 - 19:02The Brown Dwarfs: too small to
be stars, to big to be planets. -
19:06 - 19:10Most Brown Dwarfs are too hot
to support life as we know it. -
19:11 - 19:13But some are just cold enough.
-
19:14 - 19:15WISE 0855-0714
-
19:15 - 19:15WISE 0855-0714
Sub-Brown Dwarf -
19:15 - 19:15WISE 0855-0714
Sub-Brown Dwarf
Distance: 7 Light Years -
19:15 - 19:16WISE 0855-0714
Sub-Brown Dwarf
Distance: 7 Light Years
Mass: 3.10x Jupiter -
19:16 - 19:23WISE 0855-0714
Sub-Brown Dwarf
Distance: 7 Light Years
Mass: 3.10x Jupiter
Temperature: -50 - -13ºC -
19:24 - 19:29All the prime elements for life have
been detected inside their atmospheres. -
19:32 - 19:36And within these clouds, some layers
would provide ideal temperatures -
19:36 - 19:37and pressures for habitability.
-
19:46 - 19:49There could be photosynthetic
plankton in these skies, -
19:50 - 19:52kept aloft by churning upwinds.
-
19:58 - 20:01And with enough force, these upwinds
could even support larger, -
20:01 - 20:03more complex life.
-
20:06 - 20:07Predadors.
-
20:15 - 20:19There are over 25 billion Brown
Dwarfs in our galaxy alone, -
20:19 - 20:24and their sizes will make them
easier targets for study. -
20:27 - 20:35The first specimen we discover from the museum of life may not be from a planet at all.
-
20:44 - 20:46This raises a crucial question:
-
20:48 - 20:50what if we've been looking in
all the wrong places? -
20:53 - 20:55What if nature has other ideas?
-
20:59 - 21:01EXHIBIT II
-
21:01 - 21:03EXHIBIT II
LIFE AS WE DON'T KNOW IT -
21:03 - 21:08EXHIBIT II
LIFE AS WE DON'T KNOW IT
EXOTIC BIOCHEMISTRIES -
21:21 - 21:26Most of the Universe is too cold or too
hot for liquid water and the -
21:26 - 21:28biochemistry that supports
life as we know it. -
21:32 - 21:34But in case our biases are misleading,
-
21:35 - 21:36we have to cast a wide net.
-
21:39 - 21:41To search for life outside
the habitable zone, -
21:42 - 21:45in places that seem wildly hostile to us.
-
21:50 - 21:53Exotic environments will demand
exotic biochemistries. -
21:54 - 21:57And while no element can match
carbon's versatility, -
21:57 - 21:59one contender is a front runner.
-
22:08 - 22:11At first glance, silicon seem
similar to carbon. -
22:13 - 22:17It forms the same four-way bonds and is
also abundant in the Universe. -
22:19 - 22:23But a closer look reveals that these
two elements are false twins. -
22:27 - 22:32Silicon bonds are weaker and less prone
to forming large complex molecules. -
22:36 - 22:40Despite this, they can withstand
a wider range of temperatures, -
22:41 - 22:44opening up intriguing possibilities.
-
22:47 - 22:50Life based on the silicon atom
instead of carbon, -
22:51 - 22:53would be more resistant to
the extreme cold. -
22:55 - 22:58Providing a whole new range of weird forms.
-
23:01 - 23:03But silicon has a problem:
-
23:05 - 23:08in the presence of oxygen,
it binds into solid rock. -
23:10 - 23:13To avoid turning to stone, silicon beings
-
23:13 - 23:16might be confined to oxygen free environments.
-
23:17 - 23:19Like Saturn's frigid moon, Titan.
-
23:19 - 23:23TITAN
Saturnian Moon
Distance: 1,2 Million KM
Mass: .023X Earth
Temperature: -129ºC -
23:23 - 23:27Its vast lakes of liquid methane and
ethane could be an ideal medium -
23:27 - 23:29for silicon-based life,
-
23:29 - 23:31or other radical biochemistries.
-
23:37 - 23:40Without ample sunlight, beings on worlds
-
23:40 - 23:43like Titan, would likely be chemosynthetic.
-
23:43 - 23:46Deriving their energy by
breaking down rocks. -
24:02 - 24:04Such life forms could have ultra slow
-
24:04 - 24:08metabolisms and life cycles
measured in millions of years. -
24:16 - 24:21And frozen worlds aren't the only possible
harbor for exotic life. -
24:23 - 24:23CoRoT-7B
-
24:23 - 24:23CoRoT-7B
Super Earth -
24:23 - 24:24CoRoT-7B
Super Earth
Distance: ~520 Light Years -
24:24 - 24:24CoRoT-7B
Super Earth
Distance: ~520 Light Years
Mass: -8x Earth -
24:24 - 24:26CoRoT-7B
Super Earth
Distance: ~520 Light Years
Mass: -8x Earth
Temperature: 1026-1526ºC -
24:26 - 24:30In high temperatures, typically rigid
silicon oxygen bonds become more -
24:30 - 24:32flexible and reactive.
-
24:33 - 24:35Triggering more dynamic chemistry.
-
24:40 - 24:43This has led to a truly bizarre proposal:
-
24:44 - 24:49silicon-based life forms that live
inside molten silicate rock. -
25:01 - 25:03In theory, these forms could even exist
-
25:03 - 25:06deep beneath the Earth inside
magma chambers -
25:06 - 25:08as part of a shadow biosphere.
-
25:12 - 25:17If so, then the aliens are right
under our noses. -
25:21 - 25:23Other shadow biospheres have
been proposed: -
25:24 - 25:27forms of life living alongside us
that we don't even know are here. -
25:28 - 25:30Including tiny RNA-based life, small
-
25:30 - 25:34enough to go undetected by
existing instruments. -
25:47 - 25:51Clouds of dust and empty space might
seem like the last place you'd expect -
25:51 - 25:52to find anything living.
-
25:54 - 25:57But when cosmic dust makes
contact with plasma, -
25:58 - 25:59a type of ionized gas,
-
25:59 - 26:01something strange happens.
-
26:06 - 26:08In simulated conditions, dust particles,
-
26:08 - 26:11have been seen spontaneously
self-organizing -
26:11 - 26:14into helical structures that resemble DNA.
-
26:19 - 26:22These plasma crystals even begin
to exhibit life-like behavior: -
26:24 - 26:28replicating, evolving into more stable
forms and passing on information. -
26:36 - 26:39Could these crystals be considered alive?
-
26:42 - 26:49To some researchers, they meet all the criteria
to qualify as inorganic life forms. -
26:52 - 26:57So far, we have only ever seen them in computer simulations.
-
26:58 - 27:05But some speculate we could find them
among the ice particles in the rings of Uranus. -
27:12 - 27:16Plasma is the most common state
of matter in the Universe. -
27:18 - 27:21If complex evolving plasma
crystals really exist -
27:21 - 27:23and if they can be considered life,
-
27:23 - 27:25they could be its most common form.
-
27:39 - 27:43Or perhaps life is lurking in the
polar opposite environment: -
27:43 - 27:47inside the hearts of dead stars.
-
27:51 - 27:54When massive suns explode, some collapase into
-
27:54 - 27:57ultra dense cores called neutron stars.
-
27:57 - 27:58PSR B1509-58
Neutron Star
Distante: 17,000 Light Years
Spin Rate: ~7/second -
27:58 - 28:02Hulking masses of atomic nuclei
crammed together like sardines. -
28:06 - 28:08Conditions on the surface are mind-boggling:
-
28:09 - 28:12gravity is a hundred billion times
stronger than Earth's. -
28:16 - 28:19But beneath their iron nuclei
crust lies something strange: -
28:21 - 28:25a hot dense sea of neutrons
and subatomic particles. -
28:35 - 28:37Stripped of their electron shells, these
-
28:37 - 28:40nuclei would obey entirely
different laws of chemistry, -
28:40 - 28:43based not on the electromagnetic force,
-
28:43 - 28:45but the strong nuclear force,
-
28:45 - 28:47which binds nuclei together.
-
28:50 - 28:52In theory, these particles could link-up
-
28:52 - 28:55to form larger macronuclei,
which could then -
28:55 - 28:58combine into even bigger super nuclei.
-
29:07 - 29:10If so, then this bewildering environment
-
29:10 - 29:12would mimic the basic conditions for life.
-
29:12 - 29:17Heavy nucleon molecules floating
in a complex particle ocean. -
29:23 - 29:25Some scientists have proposed
the unimaginable: -
29:27 - 29:30exotic life forms drifting through
the strange particle sea, -
29:31 - 29:36living, evolving and dying on
incomprehensibly fast time scales. -
29:56 - 30:01There's probably no chance of ever detecting
such a strange breed of life. -
30:03 - 30:08But there may be hope for finding
an even more exotic form. -
30:19 - 30:22Life is not something that has to evolve naturally.
-
30:26 - 30:27It can be designed.
-
30:42 - 30:45And once intelligence is introduced into the evolutionary process,
-
30:46 - 30:48a Pandora's Box is opened.
-
31:06 - 31:13Free from typical biological limitations, synthetic and machine - based life could be the most successful of all.
-
31:17 - 31:20It could thrive almost anywhere, including the vaccum of space,
-
31:21 - 31:25opening up vast frontiers unavailable to biological organisms.
-
31:32 - 31:37And compared to the glacial pace of natural selection, technical evolution
-
31:37 - 31:42allows exponentially faster growth, adaptability and resilience.
-
31:56 - 32:00By some estimates, autonomous, self - replicating machines could colonize
-
32:00 - 32:04an entire galaxy in as little as a million years.
-
32:19 - 32:23We can't predict how hyper - intelligent life would organise itself,
-
32:27 - 32:30but in theory, there could be convergent evolution at play.
-
32:32 - 32:38The electrical properties of Silicon might make it a universal basis for machine intelligence,
-
32:39 - 32:42a redemption for its biological shortcomings.
-
33:03 - 33:05With all its potential advantages,
-
33:05 - 33:10With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint :
-
33:10 - 33:15With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint : the apex of evolutionary process.
-
33:53 - 33:58As the universe ages, perhaps machine intelligence would come to dominate,
-
33:59 - 34:04and naturally occurring biological life will be viewed as a quaint starting point.
-
34:10 - 34:12Perhaps, we ourselves will lead this transition,
-
34:13 - 34:20and the great human experiment would be merely a first link in a sprawling intergalactic chain of life.
-
34:51 - 35:02In the end, we are still the only beings we know of in the museum of alien life.
-
35:07 - 35:10To truly know ourselves, we will have to know :
-
35:10 - 35:13To truly know ourselves, we will have to know : are we the only ones?
-
35:27 - 35:32Loren Eisley has said, that one does not meet oneself until
-
35:32 - 35:37one catches the reflection from an eye other than human.
-
35:39 - 35:43One day that eye may be that of an intelligent alien.
-
35:46 - 35:51And the sooner we eschew our narrow view of evolution,
-
35:52 - 35:59the sooner we can truly explore our ultimate origins and destinations.
-
36:04 - 36:07We have seen what could be out there.
-
36:10 - 36:13And we know how we might find it.
-
36:16 - 36:19There is only one thing left to do.
-
36:22 - 36:26Go looking.
-
36:35 - 36:37HANDCRAFTED BY MELODYSHEEP
- Title:
- LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K)
- Description:
-
Soundtrack: https://bit.ly/3lo7cnH Support this project on Patreon: http://patreon.com/melodysheep
What if there was a museum that contained every type of life form in the universe? This experience takes you on a tour through the possible forms alien life might take, from the eerily familiar to the utterly exotic, ranging from the inside of the Earth to the most hostile corners of the universe.
New research is upending our idea of life and where it could be hiding: not just on Earth-like planets, where beings could mimic what our planet has produced, but in far flung places like the hearts of dead stars and the rings of gas giant planets. Nowhere in the universe is off limits.
Only when we know what else is out there will we truly know ourselves. This thought experiment will give us a glimpse into what could be out there, how we might find it, and just how far nature’s imagination might stretch.
Big thanks to Protocol Labs for their continued support of this series: https://protocol.ai.
Concept, visuals, and score by melodysheep, aka John D. Boswell. Narrated by Will Crowley. Additional visuals by Lynn Huberty, Tim Stupak, NASA, and Evolve. Featuring soundbites from Nick Lane, Jonathan Losos, Caleb Scharf, Jack Cohen, and Jill Tarter.
Featuring clips from Lynn Huberty’s amazing film “SHYAMA”: https://bit.ly/3d6xtUF
Thanks especially to:
Lynn Huberty
Juan Benet
Rowdy Jansen
Eddy Adams: http://www.eddyadams.com
Kimi Ushida: http://Eff.org
Gregory Cohen: www.DesignFirebrand.com
Eric Capuano: http://reconinfosec.com
John Maier
Logan
Ali Aljumayd
Caleb Levesque
Eric Malette
Brandon Sanders
Tim StupakAnd to all my supporters on Patreon: Ada Cerna, Adam Orand, Ajish Balakrishnan, Aksel Tjønn, Ali Akın Kurnaz, Andrew Edwards, Andrew Valenti, Antoine C, Antoni Simelio, Augustas Babelis, Bhisham Mahtani, Bradley Gallant, Brant Stokes, Daniel Saltzman, Caleb Levesque, Case K., Cheshire 2e du nom, Chinmay Kumar, Chris Wilken, Christian Oehne, Christina Winikoff, Christopher Heald, Chung Tran, Colin Glover, Corentin Kerisit, Cozza38, Crystal, Dan Alvesved, Danaos Christopoulos, Dave LeCompte, Davee Hallinan, David Lyneham, david p boswell, David Southpaw, denise frey, Derick Yan, Dexter, dixon1829, Don Loristo, Dylan Webb, Eico Neumann, Eyubed Balcha, Ezri Dax, Gaétan Marras, Gary Wei, geekiskhan, Genesplicer, Giulia C., Håkon A. Hjortland, Hans Husurianto, Henry R. Seymour, Heribert Breidsamer, ilkercan Kaya, Iota Katari, is8ac, Jackie Pham, James O'Connor, Jayson Hale, Jean Neyrial, Jessica Turner, Jimpy, JM_Borg, Jordan Swickard, Jose Contreras, Joshua Oram, JousterL, Julian Büttner, Julio Hernández Camero, kaynen brown, Kristin & Alan Cameron, Laine Boswell, Lars Støttrup Nielsen, Laura, Laura Liddington, Layne Burnett, LemonHead, Lennart Klootwijk, Leo Botinelly, Leonard van Vliet, lloll887, Manu Galán García, Maraiu, Marco Cardamone, Mark Christopher, Mark T., Markus Oinonen, Marlin Balzer, Martin Majernik, Matthew Jacoby, Matthew Ullrich, Maxime Marois, Mehdi Bennani, Michael Li, Michelle Wilcox, Mike Norkus, Mind Wave, Mitchel Humpherys, Mohammed Aldaabil, Nathan, Nicholas Martin, Nikita Temryazansky, Nina Atesh, Nina Barton, Ninel, Patrick Keim, Patrick Schouten, Peycho Ivanov, PonWer, Preston Maness, Radu Turcan, Ramsey Elbasheer, Randall Bollig, Raz, RedOptics, Reg Reyes, Richard Sundvall, Richard Williams, Rob Phillips, Robin Kuenkel, Runi Winther Johnsen, Samih Fadli, Sandra, Sandro Heinimann, Scarlet Fortuna, Silas Rech, SilverFolfy, Smoka_Lad, SpartanLegends, Stefan, SunaScorpion, SymeSynth, The Cleaner, The Fellowship of Doge, TheHumungus, Timothé Wegiersky, Timothy E Plum, Trevor Robertson, Verissimus, Vinh Vo, Virgile Coulot, Whitney Champion, William Ronholm, Wise Doane, Wolfgang Bernecker, Yannic, ZAB, Алексей Козловский
Sources coming soon.
Peace and love,
melodysheeep
http://melodysheep.com
twitter: @musicalscience
instagram: @melodysheep_ - Video Language:
- English
- Duration:
- 38:00
bluereflega edited English subtitles for LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K) | ||
bluereflega edited English subtitles for LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K) | ||
bluereflega edited English subtitles for LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K) | ||
bluereflega edited English subtitles for LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K) | ||
bluereflega edited English subtitles for LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K) | ||
bluereflega edited English subtitles for LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K) | ||
bluereflega edited English subtitles for LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K) | ||
bluereflega edited English subtitles for LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K) |