Etienne Chouard. — Part IV (Lyon Conference) Mars 2012 - "Is Democracy a trap ? " Roots of our political impotency.
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0:23 - 0:28We are two "MJC" (NT: an organism which promotes culture among young people) to welcome you tonight: the Saint-Just MJC, where you currently are
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0:28 - 0:32and the Ménival MJC. We worked together on some debates because this is an important year
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0:32 - 0:36politically speaking, as you know, and one of our calling
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0:36 - 0:38is to work on this, especially with young people,
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0:38 - 0:43and try to initiate them... So we organize citizen debates.
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0:43 - 0:47So there is a first debate tonight. We wanted to shake things up.
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0:47 - 0:51It is, I think, the purpose of MJC's, to compel people
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0:51 - 0:57to think out of the box; a place that tries to bring new ideas,
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0:57 - 1:02Our funders don't really like it but we don't care.
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1:02 - 1:06I won't say more. Just know that we really enjoy debates here,
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1:06 - 1:11more and more, and I have said to many: "you are glad to be here,
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1:11 - 1:14but if you want to help prepare other debates,
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1:14 - 1:18you are welcome. Have a good night !" - Thanks
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1:20 - 1:26Hi ! Good evening to all of you.
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1:26 - 1:41So I... You must know that... I'm currently on a pioneering work about the mess we are in
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1:41 - 1:49and I feel like I have found, working with you,
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1:49 - 1:56it is a collective work,
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1:56 - 2:04some kind of antidote to olligarchy... and I would like to
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2:04 - 2:07present it to you, but not too long
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2:07 - 2:14in order to leave room for your objections, because this is then
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2:14 - 2:21that we progress the most. The inconvenient
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2:21 - 2:26is that when someone join the project without knowing anything about it
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2:26 - 2:31there will be a lack of informations,
but there's more and more stuff -
2:31 - 2:34on the web, a lot of videos and texts
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2:34 - 2:38to come again and rework it.
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2:38 - 2:47Anyway, the topic is democracy...
true democracy -
2:47 - 2:50It requires everyone to work.
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2:50 - 2:54It is not enough to listen some guy only once
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2:54 - 2:59with ideas... "well, well, interesting."
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2:59 - 3:04The idea, to make things work well,
is that we appropriate -
3:04 - 3:09the subjects I will talk to you about tonight,
and to do so -
3:09 - 3:11I think it requires work, that is to say
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3:11 - 3:13read a little, and try by yourselves
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3:13 - 3:16to explain to others, and when you're gonna
explain to others, -
3:16 - 3:19they will have objections,
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3:19 - 3:20and at first objections will unseat you;
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3:20 - 3:26and then, you have to work,
and you will become... -
3:26 - 3:29I was gonna say invulnerable,
not exactly, but... -
3:29 - 3:35You will see that the objections
- I will tell you which in a moment - -
3:35 - 3:37I don't think it resist analysis
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3:37 - 3:42But maybe tonight you will find
new objections -
3:42 - 3:46and put me in trouble.
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3:46 - 3:56So, maybe two words to present myself.
I am a teacher in Marseille, France. -
3:56 - 4:03Six years ago, back in 2004-2005,
I was still an elector, -
4:03 - 4:09a simple elector, asleep, passive,
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4:09 - 4:18unworried. I voted. I saw
it wasn't changing anything, -
4:18 - 4:22but it didn't bother me, I was minding
my small business, like everybody. -
4:22 - 4:26And in 2005, on the occasion of a debate
about a referendum, -
4:26 - 4:31you have to remember this, the debate about
the european anti-constitution... -
4:31 - 4:33Don't forget to say "anti-constitution",
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4:33 - 4:41because they called it constitution
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4:41 - 4:46but in fact european treaties are meant to destroy
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4:46 - 4:50constitutions. They don't do what they were created for.
We're gonna talk about it later, -
4:50 - 4:52I'm gonna elaborate a bit; there isn't enough
time tonight -
4:52 - 4:57to talk about european institutions; it is another matter...
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4:57 - 5:03It would require an entire evening,
so I will just raise it. -
5:03 - 5:08Anyway, it is on this occasion that I woke up
in 2005 -
5:08 - 5:12I realized it was something very dangerous.
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5:12 - 5:18"What is this thing ?!". And on the occasion of the debates,
something extraordinary happened to me. -
5:18 - 5:21I wrote a text, put it online,
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5:21 - 5:24a lot of people were doing it.
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5:24 - 5:28The text started to circulate, more and more,
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5:28 - 5:34and I ended up receiving hundred of mails per day,
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5:34 - 5:38very moving, touching,
enthusiastic mails, -
5:38 - 5:41very happy mails, those who wrote it
were happy -
5:41 - 5:45to have found, at last,
a clear way of saying -
5:45 - 5:48what they couldn't formulate;
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5:48 - 5:51really a lot of happy,
very enthusiastic mails, -
5:51 - 5:54that gave me a lot of energy.
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5:54 - 6:02And then hundreds a day, for two months
I received 12000 mails ! -
6:02 - 6:03A lot more than I could handle,
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6:03 - 6:06but I spent entire nights to answer
to these people. -
6:06 - 6:08And among them there were people who
didn't like me at all, -
6:08 - 6:14who thought i was an impostor, a liar...
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6:14 - 6:17Some said I was a "trotskist submarin",
some said -
6:17 - 6:21"a far right submarin",
well, a submarin, right. -
6:21 - 6:24But these people were hurting me,
because I was just like everybody, -
6:24 - 6:26I wasn't armed for that,
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6:26 - 6:29it just happened. And I tell you about this
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6:29 - 6:30because later, when we will talk about
intitutions -
6:31 - 6:35you will see the athenians used
what has allowed me to improve. -
6:35 - 6:39What has made me change is the look
of others upon me -
6:39 - 6:41the benevolent look of others
that was saying: -
6:41 - 6:47"Yes ! Keep up like that !"
Humans are sensitive to that -
6:47 - 6:53- and me too obviously - and the suspicious,
malicious look -
6:53 - 6:58of others, it motivates too, it's like
the carrot and the stick. -
6:58 - 7:00"Why does he say I'm a liar, an impostor,
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7:00 - 7:03why does he say I know nothing,
I will prove him wrong." -
7:03 - 7:04And this is a motivation too.
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7:04 - 7:08So with both motivations, I have started
to work like a madman, -
7:08 - 7:14and six years later I still haven't stopped.
So I have started reading a lot. -
7:14 - 7:19So about what intellectual mechanism, to what avail ?
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7:19 - 7:21I started with with one finding and I'll try to pick up
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7:21 - 7:25the logical thread that led to my conclusions
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7:25 - 7:30to see if you end up on the same conclusions. So that you might be able to tell me:
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7:30 - 7:33"Hang on, there's something here that's not making sense, that doesn't fit in correctly..."
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7:33 - 7:38I'm counting on you to stop me if you feel that I'm saying something foolish or just wrong.
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7:38 - 7:42Feel free to interrupt, by all means. It will be slightly more disorderly
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7:42 - 7:46but it'll be more alive. If you need to stop me, it doesn't bother me.
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7:46 - 7:56So I started with... At the end of the debate on the treaty (NT: establishing a Constitution for Europe), we voted No
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7:56 - 7:59on May 29th 2005, a date we should remember.
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7:59 - 8:02It's an important moment where we succeded in saying "No" in France,
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8:02 - 8:07when all the media, the newspapers, the TV show were pushing us to say "Yes",
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8:07 - 8:13or we'd be xenophobic, racists and so on.
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8:13 - 8:16We were... At least all the people who were saying "No" were ill treated by the media.
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8:16 - 8:19And despite that, we succeded in saying "No" because we actually talked a lot about it between us
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8:19 - 8:24and in the details (NT: of the treaty), there were real and solid reasons to say "No".
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8:24 - 8:34And so we, French, say "No" and comes the summer. Shall we work on something else? What do we do?
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8:34 - 8:38What people wrote to me drove me to carry on.
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8:38 - 8:40To carry on, because we had said "No", we had opposed the treaty,
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8:40 - 8:42and that it's easier to be an opposition than to actually build something.
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8:42 - 8:45And so I started imagining... If it doesn't seem right,
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8:45 - 8:50if that Constitution wasn't good, and I could well see that the Constitution of 1958,
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8:50 - 8:52ours, of the 5th French Republic, was almost as bad.
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8:52 - 8:58"As bad", I can say that, the french canadians use it...
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8:58 - 9:02The Constitution of 1958 is almost as horrible
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9:02 - 9:05than the European Constitution, just slightly less.
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9:05 - 9:11So if these Constitutions are so wrong... I asked myself the following question:
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9:11 - 9:14"Why was it written so badly?" And so my text
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9:14 - 9:20that had been read by many, in my fifth argument, I came to this important conclusion:
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9:20 - 9:24I beleive that if this European text was so bad
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9:24 - 9:30it's because those writting it should never have written it.
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9:30 - 9:33I think that if the European Institutions are so bad
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9:33 - 9:37it's because the people who wrote them were ministers (NT: Secretaries of State)
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9:37 - 9:40and that those ministers, we'll bring it up later on,
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9:40 - 9:42when they are writing a Constitution,
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9:42 - 9:46they are writing the rules that they should be fearing.
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9:46 - 9:48Because the role of a Constitution is to weaken the influence of Power.
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9:48 - 9:52It's to put fear in those who have Power. A Constitution is used to protect us
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9:52 - 9:58against abuse of power. I have practiced law so that's what I learned in law school.
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9:58 - 10:03Well...leanred... In truth, we don't exactly learn that in law.
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10:03 - 10:06We learn that a Constitution serves the purpose of organising powers,
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10:06 - 10:10to seperate powers, to protect. OK. We talk a bit about it,
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10:10 - 10:13but we don't linger on the subject. We have many things to see
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10:13 - 10:16in Constitutional Law and in my opinion, we don't talk about this enough.
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10:16 - 10:19We should learn in kindergarten, then in primary school,
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10:19 - 10:21bash it in us, then in middle school and in high school,
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10:21 - 10:27and then our whole life, we should learn this essential point,
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10:27 - 10:31which is probably one of the most important mechanisms
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10:31 - 10:33of what I will tell you tonight:
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10:33 - 10:36"What is, really, a Constitution? What is its' purpose?"
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10:36 - 10:41A Constitution is a superior text. We are at the bottom,
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10:41 - 10:46we are base level citizens, the atoms of the social body,
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10:46 - 10:51and we need to be able to organise ourselves, to pacify us,
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10:51 - 10:54to not fight amongst one another, we need
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10:54 - 11:00written rules that let us solve disputes
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11:00 - 11:03and that give us a reason not to fight. These rules are written
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11:03 - 11:07by people that we place above us, a lawmaker for example,
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11:07 - 11:10or the executive who will execute laws with the help of police, armed forces,
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11:10 - 11:13judges. So these powers that are going to apply this law,
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11:13 - 11:19so these common rules, who pacify us, the people who produce or
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11:19 - 11:22who apply this law; we accept, we, at the bottom,
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11:22 - 11:26we accept to have them above us, because it pacifies us.
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11:26 - 11:29OK. Everyone gets it, I won't go further.
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11:29 - 11:35The fact is, through law, we are less brutal.
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11:35 - 11:41But the powers who will be... Alright, we are millions, but even if wh'n we're just thousands,
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11:41 - 11:44or tens' of thousands, we cannot writ law ourselves.
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11:44 - 11:47We're just too many. So we need to delegate to some people the job to write this law.
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11:47 - 11:51So we need representatives to help us build,
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11:51 - 11:54and to set in place the law to which we will submit.
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11:54 - 11:58But these actors who are going to producte this law,
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11:58 - 12:02they are at the same time very useful, but also very dangerous.
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12:02 - 12:05If they respect the greater good (common interest), all is well.
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12:05 - 12:06But if they don't respect the greater good,
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12:06 - 12:12if they start to pursue personal gain, or the interest of a group,
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12:12 - 12:17of a cast, of a social class, or a party of citizens,
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12:17 - 12:20at that moment, all citizens are in danger of being abused by power.
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12:20 - 12:26So this we know from start. Eve in Athens, at the time, they had a Constitution.
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12:26 - 12:31The Constitution is a text that is above people,
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12:31 - 12:35above these (political) actors, above parlement, above government,
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12:35 - 12:38above judges but it must also be above media,
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12:38 - 12:42of banks... All those who have power.
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12:42 - 12:45Above that, we put a superior text called the Constitution,
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12:45 - 12:48which isn't a dusty old text
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12:48 - 12:51which we don't care about. It's a central text that we should know by heart,
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12:51 - 12:56that we should defend. We should know
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12:56 - 12:59all the mechanisms of the Constitution to know what it's this is used for, what that is used for,
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12:59 - 13:01this part is a good one, that one doesn't look good but in truth
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13:01 - 13:06it's to balance that other one. We should know the mechanism
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13:06 - 13:08- which shouldn't be too complicated because it needs to be in the reach of
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13:08 - 13:10all to grasp - we should know the mechanism
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13:10 - 13:13of a Constitution because it is above people who are in power
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13:13 - 13:15to protect us, to protect, us, of abuse of power.
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13:15 - 13:18Do you get it ? It's really important.
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13:18 - 13:29The Constitution shouldn't be a formality. Not at all, really.
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13:29 - 13:35So, I had this in mind. I knew what a Constitution was for,
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13:35 - 13:38and I had argued against for two, three months,
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13:38 - 13:40against this European Constitution that wasn't doing its' job.
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13:40 - 13:44It doesn't protect us and it doesn't protect us because it was written by people
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13:44 - 13:48who have are interested in our impotency.
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13:48 - 13:53So that was about the time that I started to tell myself:
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13:53 - 14:01"Right, what do we put instead of this one ? What should be in an actual good Constitution ?"
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14:01 - 14:05So I wrote a text, that was a starting point of a whole serie,
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14:05 - 14:09I wrote a text that was called "The great principles of a good Constitution".
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14:09 - 14:12So I worked on it for the whole summer, a few months,
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14:12 - 14:16and I published it. But that's when I noticed I didn't have the interaction anymore
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14:16 - 14:22with all those people I had during those 2-3 months.
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14:22 - 14:27I discovered during those first 2-3 months of interaction, of referendum debate,
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14:27 - 14:31that we never move forward as well as during a contradicting debate.
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14:31 - 14:33When we are between us... Tonight, there's a good chance that
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14:33 - 14:39we'll agree. So we probably won't progress as much as
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14:39 - 14:43if we had amongst us people who don't agree at all!
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14:43 - 14:45Even people we really don't like at all.
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14:45 - 14:49So it's less pleasant. Here, it'll be pleasant if we all agree,
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14:49 - 14:51but we must understand that we'll progress less.
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14:51 - 14:56I'd even go as far as to say that we'll enclose ourselves in misleading directions without realising
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14:56 - 15:01that it is a wrong direction, because we didn't have the conflincting arguments.
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15:01 - 15:04That is putting in the correct light all the ins
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15:04 - 15:07and outs of a subject, which is precisely
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15:07 - 15:11what a real democracy tries to set up. We'll talk about it later on.
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15:11 - 15:17So I missed having that interaction so, in january 2006, I create my website.
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15:17 - 15:20It's really my work tool... I don't write books,
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15:20 - 15:23but I have enormously written with you, I have quite a lot
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15:23 - 15:28on that website. So it has become interactive in 2006
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15:28 - 15:34with a forum to have discussion, argument by argument, of this text:
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15:34 - 15:36"The great principles of a good Democracy".
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15:36 - 15:39So I put: "The blank ballot must be respected."
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15:39 - 15:43So "The blank ballot must be respected," it's a starting point for a discussion with you.
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15:43 - 15:48I say "you" in the generical sens, with the others.
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15:48 - 15:52And so it's a starting point of the conversation and there was
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15:52 - 15:54hundreds of pages on the blank ballot, very detailled
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15:54 - 15:58explaining why we need the blank ballot,
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15:58 - 16:02and how we would make it work if we were the ones writing the Constitution,
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16:02 - 16:08what would we write for articles? So we had about 20 items,
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16:08 - 16:1020 points that were grand principles that were in my document.
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16:10 - 16:14But after that, it was "open" because you could, you still can,
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16:14 - 16:21create new discussions, new threads of comments on the institutions.
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16:21 - 16:25So, for example, in 2006, quite rapidly
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16:25 - 16:28came André-Jacques Holbecq who became a friend
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16:28 - 16:32and who created a thread on the forum: "In the Constitution,
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16:32 - 16:35we should take back the power over money." (NT: creation of money)
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16:35 - 16:42It became one of the main threads. There must around 200 discussion threads on the forum.
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16:42 - 16:46It's quite a large object but you must take it thread by thread and...
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16:46 - 16:48Alright, it's a lot of work to keep us busy, but it's exciting.
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16:48 - 16:52On every thread, we talk about the things that concern you.
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16:52 - 16:56We talk about our concerns. We talk about things that interest us a lot more than soccer
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16:56 - 16:58or rugby. I mean...
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16:58 - 17:02... that are much more able to change our life,
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17:02 - 17:09in a comfortable and mutual respectful sens, by taking pleasure in taking care of common affairs
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17:09 - 17:12rather than imposed subjects that hear about in the medias.
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17:12 - 17:17So it's large, but it's interesting.
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17:17 - 17:21On this forum, we have conversation themes
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17:21 - 17:25where we discuss directly the aspects of the Constitution.
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17:25 - 17:28And in a second part, we have a "Wiki".
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17:28 - 17:32It's another technology, the Wiki, you can all write on it,
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17:32 - 17:40and it's a part reserved to the Constitution. The difference is that here we have articles.
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17:40 - 17:42It's a place where we can really write the Constitution.
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17:42 - 17:46We write those articles. So first, we debate on the forum,
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17:46 - 17:49point by point, and when we're sure: "There, we've done it,
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17:49 - 17:52we understood what we want in a citizen initiated referendum,
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17:52 - 17:54we understood what we want on judges' responsability,
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17:54 - 17:56we understood what we want on seperation of power,
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17:56 - 17:59we understood what we want on journalists: what are we going to do for journalists
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17:59 - 18:01what do we plan in the Constitution concerning journalists."
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18:01 - 18:05On the forum, we set down what we wanted and then on the Wiki
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18:05 - 18:10we write the articles. So there's a common base,
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18:10 - 18:16there is a shared Constitution on the Wiki that is the result
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18:16 - 18:19of almost all that we've said. It's a synthesis.
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18:19 - 18:22And then, there are parts where you can create your own page.
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18:22 - 18:25When you create an account on the Wiki, you can write your own page.
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18:25 - 18:28At start with just a couple articles, but these articles
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18:28 - 18:30that seem the most important for you and then it grows
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18:30 - 18:33as you add your elements. When you signal to me that it's has become something
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18:33 - 18:37where you are in need for confrontation
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18:37 - 18:42with the opinion of others to progress, I add a link to your page
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18:42 - 18:44on the left hand menu. You'll see in the menu on the left
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18:44 - 18:47that there are some Constitutions of guys who have put a lot of effort
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18:47 - 18:51to think on projects that are sincerly interesting.
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18:51 - 18:54The forum and the Wiki are interactive objects. Start to think on it.
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18:54 - 18:58And then there is a third part which is a blog.
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18:58 - 19:00This is a technology you probably already know about
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19:00 - 19:05since there are many on Internet. This blog is dedicated to everything that is related to the subject
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19:05 - 19:09but isn't really in the Constitution directly but that is linked. For example: Economy.
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19:09 - 19:13There are many important things, many important subjects on economy,
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19:13 - 19:19in philosophy, in sociology, in history. So points that aren't specificly institutional,
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19:19 - 19:22but still very interesting to understand reality,
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19:22 - 19:25powers in place and abuse of power. Concerning power and abuse of power,
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19:25 - 19:29I talk about it on the blog, for example. So, the history of power, the history of abuse of power,
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19:29 - 19:34of resistance against abuse of power and all that goes inside the blog. So to be short!
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19:34 - 19:40Actually...I keep saying that I'll be brief but I'm just incapable of keeping it short...
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19:40 - 19:47I need to go quicker. I have built this tool that let's us, together,
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19:47 - 19:52think correctly about what should go in the Constitution,
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19:52 - 19:58what are the weaknesses of the current Constitutions.
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19:58 - 20:00It's not all about saying:
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20:00 - 20:04"The Constitution is bad, we want a good one". Here, we're writing it !
- Title:
- Etienne Chouard. — Part IV (Lyon Conference) Mars 2012 - "Is Democracy a trap ? " Roots of our political impotency.
- Description:
-
PART I : Achievements since 2005.
An original project. — The Anti-Constitutional European Treaty — Twelve Thousand Mails Under the Sea — To be against and to build. — Role of Constitutions. — Of contradiction. — Collaborative tools of the plan C : the forum, the wiki, the blog.Etienne Chouard, independant researcher.
Conference in Lyon, on March 9th 2012. MJC St Just.
"Is Democracy a trap, an illusion ?"Cadre & montage : Matthieu Wadoux — matwad@gmail.com
English translation : Dorian Faucon - hussard_noir@hotmail.com - Video Language:
- French
- Duration:
- 20:11
Champi edited English subtitles for Etienne Chouard. — Partie I. — Conférence de Lyon, mars 2012. | ||
Champi edited English subtitles for Etienne Chouard. — Partie I. — Conférence de Lyon, mars 2012. | ||
Champi edited English subtitles for Etienne Chouard. — Partie I. — Conférence de Lyon, mars 2012. | ||
Champi edited English subtitles for Etienne Chouard. — Partie I. — Conférence de Lyon, mars 2012. | ||
Champi edited English subtitles for Etienne Chouard. — Partie I. — Conférence de Lyon, mars 2012. | ||
Champi edited English subtitles for Etienne Chouard. — Partie I. — Conférence de Lyon, mars 2012. | ||
Champi edited English subtitles for Etienne Chouard. — Partie I. — Conférence de Lyon, mars 2012. | ||
Champi edited English subtitles for Etienne Chouard. — Partie I. — Conférence de Lyon, mars 2012. |