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- Dont you think that the biggest power
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of the world of money, is seen in the change in meaning of words ?
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Which is to say that nowadays we cannot find reality in language
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for the permanent abuses in words
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where one thing that we name is actually another,
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such as culture or, democracy?
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Yep that's an ancient affair
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Oh, it's been a long time since we've been obfuscated by words, right ?
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Mirabeau at the time was saying "Man is like the rabbit; you catch it by the ears."
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So we've known this for a long time... the rethoricians know... (jet fighter)
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The athenians then had rethoricians
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elegant speakers capable of manipulating people
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with words. So that's an old issue.
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But it has become, it gradually becomes an exact science.
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Totalitarianisms ... especially those observed by Orwell ...
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... and recreated in "1984" with Newspeak which, reverses the meaning of words,
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which keeps constant lies, which reverses meaning and progressively removes vocabulary,
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all words that would serve to resist "Big Brother."
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That valuable book, "1984" everyone should read this. I myself had read it when i was eighteen.
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I had not understood anyhing: I was thinking it was good science fiction.
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I had not understood, at least that is the memory I have.
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Maybe I understood more than ...
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... what It seems to me today. But I read it again recently ...
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... i mean a few years ago, and ...
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... we really get that operational procedure still in use at this day
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Orwell was looking at the ... Soviet world ...
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... and the Nazis and ... various totalitarian regimes walked the same path.
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And it continues today. The effort on language, is increasingly...
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... technological, technical, scientific, precise ...
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... and very effective, right? very effective.
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So ...
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The means for resisting to this is ... public education, right,
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We should discuss it among ourselves. We musnt let elected officials decide about that..
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Our elected officials have a major personal interest in being the only ones ...
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with Newspeak mastery.
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But between us we could very well ...
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... to spread the word to pass the codes to decipher the newspeak and ...
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So Franck Lepage, therefore, has shops ... detoxification language ...
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... absolutely fascinating. And I remember I had a conference and ...
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... a conference Franck spring.
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And in this conference, it interpelait us asking us what were the words
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we had identified as false words. We had found full.
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And then he tried a technique for ...
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... to defend ourselves. And I suggested this idea ... I would have to defend the ...
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I would have to write something on it. I suggested this idea ... we could
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to show that we understood that they were traps,
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we could tag the written words in quotes in reverse.
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For example, the word "project", which is really a ...
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Franck describes what the project, the word "project" disap ... appeared;
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he is not gone, it is the word "hierarchy" has disappeared
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manual management. This is ...
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... Boltanski and Chiapello in "The New Spirit of Capitalism" ... A big book,
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but explains that analyzes ... manuals for management ...
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... past few decades and are ... are thirty or forty years,
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manuals management, keyword coming back all the time,
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it was "hierarchy".
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And today, in the management manuals ...
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... but they have studied for hundreds ...
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This is their statistical study there, too. A study of sense, statistical first.
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And the word "hierarchy" has completely disappeared from all management manuals.
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It no longer exists. And against which replaced ... The word is that all the time,
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throughout the manual management is "project."
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A Franck étudie bien la ... a Boltanski, là ...
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... studying well ... there was positive in this word that we can not ...
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... can not get rid of, we can not ... we can not condemn
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it's hard to ... to demonize the word "project" is a positive project.
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And in fact when studied that word, we ...
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... it throws us against each other, it ... it devalues us as soon as the project is finished ...
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... it allows us to evaluate as ... And in fact, we, we ...
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... it prepares us, it prepares us to scan,
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it prepares us to assess the meaning ... Manager term.
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And there is a whole series of criticisms to make of that word ... quite interesting.
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And so if we spotted the word "project" as a word of Newspeak
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could be taken as a convention that when we write us
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in our paper, in our articles in our pamphlets ...
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... every time there is a word, dangerous word, an inverted word
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as the word "democracy" instead of putting it in quotes
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we put it between backticks, angle brackets, pointing a dangerous word,
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a word ... with ... it would be like a beacon that says: "Warning!
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We can do that, eh, it's ... Need to spread the word and the idea pleases people.
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When we see that there is a word we put trapped between rafters upside down.
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I had this idea when we had the conference, but ...
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Should defend a little better, he would give examples.
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- What is for you the keyword could be blown ...
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... really extract its substance?
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- "Democracy. "
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"Democracy", we did fly. "Universal suffrage" too.
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"Universal Suffrage" we did fly. Called "universal suffrage" today ...
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... designation ...
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... from choice, the wrong choice among people that we have not chosen
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political masters who will decide everything for us ...
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... who will decide everything. And I'm not exaggerating, this is the naked truth, huh.
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This is ... I am not exaggerating. I could use more words ...
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... more violent, more insulting ... No, then I say technically ...
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... what we now call "universal suffrage" is the wrong choice
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among people that we have not chosen, who were chosen by the parties,
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that is to say, not by us. And so we choose between Scylla and Charybdis,
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we choose between the plague and cholera ... So this is the wrong choice ...
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... political masters. I'm not talking about representatives: they are masters
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who decide everything for us, between elections,
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but we can not dismiss them without that we can oppose
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a law they impose on us and we find unfair
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but we can not impose a law that we find it necessary
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and ... which they do not want.
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The word "universal suffrage" is, strictly speaking, misguided, misled, distorted and betrayed.
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Universal suffrage, the only ... Finally, the only, I think, huh.
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The only universal suffrage which I accept, is the village assembly, Common,
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size of the Greek city, right: ten, twenty, thirty thousand people, not more.
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A meeting, a great, great theater, a large ...
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... large theater with tiers.
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Y are those who want law and by law we vote directly our laws, laws:
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we decide our fates, we decided our business directly.
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That's the universal suffrage we decide each point by point
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and not fight block by block ... No, no idea by idea, project by project, by statute law
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we decide. This universal suffrage, and ...
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... reduce the universal suffrage ... the wrong choice of political masters ...
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It really is a scam, what. It's really foutage of mouth.
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And walk, huh, since we advocate universal suffrage
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as if it was the alpha and omega of our freedom and civilization;
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this is a joke, right. And it's our fault, huh. It's not their fault.
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They had us well.
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But it is we who defend the trick.
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It is all of us who advocate universal suffrage saying
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"What is important in a democracy is the election. "
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- When you say "They had us well," you mean ...
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- Bah, elected! - Where does this project, precisely?
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- Oh, bah ça vient de 1789, hein. 1789 ...
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The establishment of representative government ...
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... which was not at all a democracy:
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they knew that it was not a democracy, huh.
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Sieyes France, Madison, United States, and others, eh, knew very well ...
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... they did not put up a democracy.
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They wanted not ... a democracy.
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They wanted not ... establish a democracy.
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They insisted that this is not it. They were ... aristocrats.
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And here it is nice when people say that, because "aristocrats", it is "the best."
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They especially wanted an oligarchy, what, huh.
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And they knew they would be elected. Sieyes was elected one, huh.
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Madison also, it was elected. So what are elected officials who have established
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the system of election and quickly left call this "democracy" regime.
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It is not known at all "democracy" in the beginning.
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It was even a pejorative word "democracy" in 1789 ... pejorative. It was an insult.
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A Democrat, it was not good, it was frowned upon. It is gradually
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early nineteenth it was transformed:
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we started to call representative government "democracy"
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and at the same time it has become a positive word.
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But these are politicians who have let this happen ... because they saw much interest,
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and that was the Newspeak. Because when you call ...
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In my opinion, politicians feel good ...
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... the people aware of itself. When we say "the people"
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you feel inside, and all us, and ... the etymology
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even without a big political culture by the simple etymology
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the word "democracy" has a revolutionary force in him.
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And ..
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... people aspire ... people around the world
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aspire to demos kratos is us ... We would like to decide for ourselves to our fate.
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In my opinion ... politicians know it.
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And elected officials are well aware also that representative government
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This is not democracy.
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So they, politicians really have an interest ...
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I'm not sure whether conscious.
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Because it is possible that it is unconscious, huh. I ... not at all ...
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Whether it's a conspiracy or not ... I could not care less. I do not mind that.
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More ... elected to leave: they leave call "democracy"
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the regime that gives them their elected all political power.
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It suits well, since it is they who have the power. They are candidates:
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one day or another they will have. All men are like that party.
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So the word "democracy," we got, we did fly.
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Not from the beginning, I tell you, they called not "democracy" in the beginning.
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But very quickly, the early nineteenth century, before Tocqueville writes
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"Democracy in America", referring to a plan
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that was not democracy. Even before ...
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It was 25-35 in the two volumes ...
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I think 25 ...
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I believe 1825-1835 "Democracy in America."
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And I think before there were already signs of the use of the word "democracy"
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for ... Are Rosenvallon who wrote a good article on it. He wrote an article 93
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this transformation ... a regime that is not democracy democracy
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trying to understand when and why it happened.
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Important work of historian Rosenvallon.
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Rosenvallon is not revolutionary, it is the least we can say:
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in its conclusions and in its proposals, it is ...
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I think it's very disappointing, because in his work as a historian
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to explain how humans resist the abuse of power ...
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Damn important what is Rosenvallon. Rosenvallon explains ...
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... from Athens, point by point, everything that humans do to resist
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abuse of power. It's really interesting. This is mine
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a wealth of ideas to resist.
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Rosenvallon is interesting. In its conclusions, it is ...
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... it is not he who will draft ... alternative, but ...
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Because it is too ...
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How to say? Conservative? This is not a revolutionary.
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But it is a valuable work for us historian.
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So Newspeak, yes, we got bitten a few important words:
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the word "democracy," the word "universal suffrage", yeah.
