1
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Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
2
00:00:02,834 --> 00:00:04,350
Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
3
00:00:04,350 --> 00:00:05,419
Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity.
4
00:00:05,419 --> 00:00:09,187
Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward.
5
00:00:09,187 --> 00:00:09,437
Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward.
6
00:00:09,437 --> 00:00:09,687
Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward.
7
00:00:16,820 --> 00:00:19,069
In all the universe,
8
00:00:19,069 --> 00:00:24,540
In all the universe,
there stands only one known tree of life.
9
00:00:31,421 --> 00:00:34,443
Does it stand alone?
10
00:00:34,443 --> 00:00:40,311
Does it stand alone?
Or is it part of a vast cosmic wilderness?
11
00:00:46,038 --> 00:00:52,517
Imagine a museum
containing every type of life in the universe.
12
00:00:58,362 --> 00:01:00,757
What strange things would such a museum hold?
13
00:01:16,257 --> 00:01:18,667
What is possible under the laws of nature?
14
00:01:39,767 --> 00:01:40,906
LIFE
15
00:01:40,906 --> 00:01:45,610
LIFE BEYOND
16
00:01:49,016 --> 00:01:49,885
CHAPTER II
17
00:01:49,885 --> 00:01:55,406
CHAPTER II
The Museum Of Alien Life
18
00:02:02,805 --> 00:02:03,657
To have any hope-
19
00:02:03,657 --> 00:02:05,506
of finding alien life,
20
00:02:05,537 --> 00:02:07,408
we have to know what to look for.
21
00:02:12,060 --> 00:02:13,945
But where do we begin?
22
00:02:15,303 --> 00:02:16,446
How do we narrow down...
23
00:02:16,568 --> 00:02:18,068
a seemingly infinite set-
24
00:02:18,068 --> 00:02:20,175
of possibilities?
25
00:02:27,310 --> 00:02:29,968
There's one thing we know for sure...
26
00:02:30,683 --> 00:02:32,045
nature will have to play-
27
00:02:32,075 --> 00:02:33,375
by her own rules.
28
00:02:36,791 --> 00:02:38,166
No matter how strange-
29
00:02:38,196 --> 00:02:39,806
alien life might be...
30
00:02:40,386 --> 00:02:41,180
is going to be limited-
31
00:02:41,220 --> 00:02:42,596
by the same physical,
32
00:02:42,606 --> 00:02:44,756
and chemical laws that we are...
33
00:02:46,952 --> 00:02:47,014
6_
34
00:02:47,014 --> 00:02:47,077
6 C_
35
00:02:47,077 --> 00:02:47,139
6 CO_
36
00:02:47,139 --> 00:02:47,202
6 CO₂
37
00:02:47,202 --> 00:02:47,264
6 CO₂ +
38
00:02:47,264 --> 00:02:47,327
6 CO₂ + 6
39
00:02:47,327 --> 00:02:47,389
6 CO₂ + 6 H_
40
00:02:47,389 --> 00:02:47,452
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂_
41
00:02:47,452 --> 00:02:47,514
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O_
42
00:02:47,514 --> 00:02:47,577
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O +
43
00:02:47,577 --> 00:02:47,639
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + L
44
00:02:47,639 --> 00:02:47,702
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Li
45
00:02:47,702 --> 00:02:47,764
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Lig_
46
00:02:47,764 --> 00:02:47,827
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Ligh_
47
00:02:47,827 --> 00:02:47,889
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light_
48
00:02:47,889 --> 00:02:47,952
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light →
49
00:02:47,952 --> 00:02:48,014
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C
50
00:02:48,014 --> 00:02:48,077
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆
51
00:02:48,077 --> 00:02:48,139
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H_
52
00:02:48,139 --> 00:02:48,202
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁_
53
00:02:48,202 --> 00:02:48,264
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂_
54
00:02:48,264 --> 00:02:48,326
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O
55
00:02:48,326 --> 00:02:48,389
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆
56
00:02:48,389 --> 00:02:48,451
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ +
57
00:02:48,451 --> 00:02:48,514
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6_
58
00:02:48,514 --> 00:02:48,576
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O_
59
00:02:48,576 --> 00:02:51,613
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
60
00:02:51,613 --> 00:02:52,312
On top of this,
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
61
00:02:52,312 --> 00:02:52,733
On top of this,
62
00:02:53,183 --> 00:02:53,694
each alien environment-
63
00:02:53,694 --> 00:02:53,756
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ
each alien environment-
64
00:02:53,756 --> 00:02:53,819
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆_
each alien environment-
65
00:02:53,819 --> 00:02:53,881
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H_
each alien environment-
66
00:02:53,881 --> 00:02:53,944
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁_
each alien environment-
67
00:02:53,944 --> 00:02:54,006
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂
each alien environment-
68
00:02:54,006 --> 00:02:54,069
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O_
each alien environment-
69
00:02:54,069 --> 00:02:54,131
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆_
each alien environment-
70
00:02:54,131 --> 00:02:54,194
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ →_
each alien environment-
71
00:02:54,194 --> 00:02:54,256
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2
each alien environment-
72
00:02:54,256 --> 00:02:54,319
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C
each alien environment-
73
00:02:54,319 --> 00:02:54,381
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂
each alien environment-
74
00:02:54,381 --> 00:02:54,444
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H_
each alien environment-
75
00:02:54,444 --> 00:02:54,506
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅_
each alien environment-
76
00:02:54,506 --> 00:02:54,569
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅O_
each alien environment-
77
00:02:54,569 --> 00:02:54,631
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH
each alien environment-
78
00:02:54,631 --> 00:02:54,694
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +
each alien environment-
79
00:02:54,694 --> 00:02:54,756
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2
80
00:02:54,756 --> 00:02:54,819
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2C_
will further limit-
81
00:02:54,819 --> 00:02:54,881
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO_
will further limit-
82
00:02:54,881 --> 00:02:54,944
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ +_
will further limit-
83
00:02:54,944 --> 00:02:55,006
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + E
will further limit-
84
00:02:55,006 --> 00:02:55,069
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + En
will further limit-
85
00:02:55,069 --> 00:02:55,131
⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Ene
will further limit-
86
00:02:55,131 --> 00:02:55,194
⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Ener_
will further limit-
87
00:02:55,194 --> 00:02:55,256
⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energ_
will further limit-
88
00:02:55,256 --> 00:02:55,319
⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy_
will further limit-
89
00:02:55,319 --> 00:02:55,632
⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
will further limit-
90
00:02:55,632 --> 00:02:56,691
⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
what kinds of life forms-
91
00:02:56,691 --> 00:02:57,311
⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
can evolve there.
92
00:02:57,311 --> 00:02:57,436
⁴⁵⁸ ɴɪʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
can evolve there.
93
00:02:57,436 --> 00:02:59,376
⁴⁰⁵⁰ ɴɪʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
can evolve there.
94
00:03:06,742 --> 00:03:09,169
Despite these natural boundaries,
95
00:03:09,203 --> 00:03:10,074
the possibilities...
96
00:03:10,074 --> 00:03:12,206
are staggering to imagine.
97
00:03:14,235 --> 00:03:15,700
Trillions of planets...
98
00:03:15,700 --> 00:03:17,878
each a unique cauldron of chemicals,
99
00:03:17,924 --> 00:03:18,998
undergoing their own...
100
00:03:18,998 --> 00:03:23,036
complex evolution.
101
00:03:28,150 --> 00:03:29,360
To guide our thinking,
102
00:03:29,598 --> 00:03:31,316
this museum of alien life-
103
00:03:31,346 --> 00:03:34,396
will be divided into two exhibits...
104
00:03:35,668 --> 00:03:36,041
Life as we know it,
105
00:03:36,041 --> 00:03:37,194
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
Life as we know it,
106
00:03:37,194 --> 00:03:38,215
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
home to beings-
107
00:03:38,215 --> 00:03:40,940
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
with bio-chemistries like ours.
108
00:03:41,569 --> 00:03:41,694
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗⁱᶜ ᴮⁱᵒᶜʰᵉᵐⁱˢᵗʳⁱᵉˢ
109
00:03:41,694 --> 00:03:43,588
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗⁱᶜ ᴮⁱᵒᶜʰᵉᵐⁱˢᵗʳⁱᵉˢ
And life as we don't know it,
110
00:03:43,588 --> 00:03:44,068
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗⁱᶜ ᴮⁱᵒᶜʰᵉᵐⁱˢᵗʳⁱᵉˢ
111
00:03:44,068 --> 00:03:45,038
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗⁱᶜ ᴮⁱᵒᶜʰᵉᵐⁱˢᵗʳⁱᵉˢ
home to beings-
112
00:03:45,038 --> 00:03:46,428
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗⁱᶜ ᴮⁱᵒᶜʰᵉᵐⁱˢᵗʳⁱᵉˢ
that challenge our concept...
113
00:03:46,428 --> 00:03:47,818
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗⁱᶜ ᴮⁱᵒᶜʰᵉᵐⁱˢᵗʳⁱᵉˢ
to of life itself.
114
00:03:54,022 --> 00:03:54,986
Before we venture-
115
00:03:55,042 --> 00:03:56,889
too far into the unknown,
116
00:03:57,103 --> 00:03:59,177
we have to ask ourselves...
117
00:03:59,956 --> 00:04:01,059
What if alien life-
118
00:04:01,133 --> 00:04:02,133
is more like us...
119
00:04:02,133 --> 00:04:03,939
than we think?
120
00:04:10,749 --> 00:04:12,553
EXHIBIT I
121
00:04:12,553 --> 00:04:14,746
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
122
00:04:14,746 --> 00:04:15,174
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
123
00:04:15,174 --> 00:04:16,307
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
If there's one feature-
124
00:04:16,307 --> 00:04:17,297
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
that unites us...
125
00:04:17,297 --> 00:04:18,418
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
with these other specimens-
126
00:04:18,418 --> 00:04:19,510
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
in this museum,
127
00:04:19,510 --> 00:04:19,922
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
128
00:04:19,922 --> 00:04:21,245
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
it's carbon...
129
00:04:21,775 --> 00:04:22,025
Carbon
130
00:04:22,025 --> 00:04:22,087
Carbon ⁴
131
00:04:22,087 --> 00:04:22,150
S_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ
132
00:04:22,150 --> 00:04:22,212
ᴀ_ Sᴜ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐ
133
00:04:22,212 --> 00:04:22,275
C_
ᴀᴛ_ Sᴜʙ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒ
134
00:04:22,275 --> 00:04:22,337
R_ C_
ᴀᴛᴏ_ Sᴜʙʟ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢ
135
00:04:22,337 --> 00:04:22,400
R +_ C_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍ Sᴜʙʟɪ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ
136
00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:22,462
R + 7:_ C
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃ
137
00:04:22,462 --> 00:04:22,525
R + 7: 9 C
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇ
138
00:04:22,525 --> 00:04:22,587
R + 7: 9: C 0
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡ_ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘ
139
00:04:22,587 --> 00:04:22,650
R + 7: 9: 5 C 0_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇ_ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿ
140
00:04:22,650 --> 00:04:22,712
R + 7: 9: 56_ C 0_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪ_ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈ
141
00:04:22,712 --> 00:04:22,775
R + 7: 9: 56._ C 0_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃ
142
00:04:22,775 --> 00:04:22,837
R + 7: 9: 56.2_ C 0
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿ
143
00:04:22,837 --> 00:04:22,900
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 00
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ
144
00:04:22,900 --> 00:04:22,962
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 00
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉ
145
00:04:22,962 --> 00:04:23,025
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 00_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡ
146
00:04:23,025 --> 00:04:23,087
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 00_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂. Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉ
147
00:04:23,087 --> 00:04:23,150
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 00_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐ
148
00:04:23,150 --> 00:04:23,212
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉ
149
00:04:23,212 --> 00:04:23,275
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿ
150
00:04:23,275 --> 00:04:23,337
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
151
00:04:23,337 --> 00:04:23,400
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
152
00:04:23,400 --> 00:04:24,370
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
153
00:04:24,370 --> 00:04:24,570
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
154
00:04:24,570 --> 00:04:26,147
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Carbon is ubiquitous,
155
00:04:26,147 --> 00:04:26,287
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
156
00:04:26,287 --> 00:04:26,575
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
it's one o' tho most-
157
00:04:26,575 --> 00:04:27,514
R + 7: 9: 56.25: P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
it's one o' tho most-
158
00:04:27,514 --> 00:04:28,790
R + 7: 9: 56.25: P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
common elements in the universe,
159
00:04:28,790 --> 00:04:29,357
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
common elements in the universe,
160
00:04:29,357 --> 00:04:29,515
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
161
00:04:29,515 --> 00:04:30,429
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and is very good at forming-
162
00:04:30,429 --> 00:04:30,833
R + 7: 9: 56.25: [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and is very good at forming-
163
00:04:30,833 --> 00:04:32,351
R + 7: 9: 56.25: [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules.
164
00:04:32,351 --> 00:04:32,822
R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules.
165
00:04:32,822 --> 00:04:33,510
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules.
166
00:04:33,510 --> 00:04:34,574
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
167
00:04:34,574 --> 00:04:36,759
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
168
00:04:36,759 --> 00:04:37,009
R + 7: 9: 56.25: P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
169
00:04:37,009 --> 00:04:38,638
R + 7: 9: 56.25: P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Carbon has the rare ability-
170
00:04:38,638 --> 00:04:38,888
R + 7: 9: 56.25: P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
to form four way bounds-
171
00:04:38,888 --> 00:04:40,354
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
to form four way bounds-
172
00:04:40,354 --> 00:04:40,621
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
with other elements...
173
00:04:40,621 --> 00:04:41,533
R + 7: 9: 56.25: [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
with other elements...
174
00:04:41,533 --> 00:04:41,753
R + 7: 9: 56.25: [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
175
00:04:41,753 --> 00:04:42,433
R + 7: 9: 56.25: [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and to bind to itself-
176
00:04:42,433 --> 00:04:42,914
R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and to bind to itself-
177
00:04:42,914 --> 00:04:42,977
R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
in long stable chains...
178
00:04:42,977 --> 00:04:44,546
R + 7: 9: 56.25: C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
in long stable chains...
179
00:04:46,164 --> 00:04:47,475
enabling the formation-
180
00:04:47,525 --> 00:04:51,196
of huge complex molecules.
181
00:04:56,197 --> 00:04:57,784
This versatility makes-
182
00:04:57,784 --> 00:04:59,023
carbon the center piece...
183
00:04:59,093 --> 00:05:01,130
in the moleculary machinery of life.
184
00:05:03,260 --> 00:05:05,002
And the same carbon compounds,
185
00:05:05,172 --> 00:05:06,346
that we use have been-
186
00:05:06,346 --> 00:05:08,507
found far from Earth,
187
00:05:08,526 --> 00:05:09,918
clinging to meteorites...
188
00:05:10,848 --> 00:05:10,973
G
189
00:05:10,973 --> 00:05:11,035
Gl
190
00:05:11,035 --> 00:05:11,098
Gly_
191
00:05:11,098 --> 00:05:11,129
ᵃ Glyc_
192
00:05:11,129 --> 00:05:11,161
ᵃᵐ Glyc_
193
00:05:11,161 --> 00:05:11,193
ᵃᵐⁱ Glyc_
194
00:05:11,193 --> 00:05:11,225
ᵃᵐⁱⁿ Glyc_
195
00:05:11,225 --> 00:05:11,257
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ Glyci_
196
00:05:11,257 --> 00:05:11,289
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃ Glyci_
197
00:05:11,289 --> 00:05:11,321
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃᶜ Glycin
198
00:05:11,321 --> 00:05:11,353
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃᶜⁱ Glycin
199
00:05:11,353 --> 00:05:12,148
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃᶜⁱᵈ Glycine
200
00:05:12,148 --> 00:05:14,591
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃᶜⁱᵈ Glycine
to floating in far off clouds...
201
00:05:14,591 --> 00:05:14,653
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃᶜⁱᵈ Glycine
202
00:05:14,653 --> 00:05:16,403
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃᶜⁱᵈ Glycine
of cosmic dust.
203
00:05:16,403 --> 00:05:18,480
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃᶜⁱᵈ Glycine
204
00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:19,964
ᵃᵐⁱⁿᵒ ᵃᶜⁱᵈ Glycine
The building blocks of life...
205
00:05:21,180 --> 00:05:22,416
Drifting like snow...
206
00:05:22,486 --> 00:05:23,936
through the universe.
207
00:05:29,872 --> 00:05:30,951
And if alien life...
208
00:05:30,951 --> 00:05:32,490
has selected other-
209
00:05:32,550 --> 00:05:33,672
carbon compounds...
210
00:05:33,672 --> 00:05:34,954
for the biochemistry,
211
00:05:35,633 --> 00:05:37,954
they will have plenty to choose from.
212
00:05:40,449 --> 00:05:40,699
Z DNA | B DNA
213
00:05:41,958 --> 00:05:43,820
Scientists recently identified-
214
00:05:43,820 --> 00:05:45,663
over a million possible-
215
00:05:45,753 --> 00:05:47,903
alternatives to DNA...
216
00:05:48,458 --> 00:05:50,769
all carbon based.
217
00:05:57,678 --> 00:05:58,877
If we ever discover-
218
00:05:58,877 --> 00:06:00,967
other carbon based life forms,
219
00:06:01,540 --> 00:06:05,561
we will be fundamentally related.
220
00:06:07,688 --> 00:06:11,030
They will be our cosmic brother.
221
00:06:13,216 --> 00:06:15,491
But would they look anything like us?
222
00:06:19,685 --> 00:06:22,222
If they hail from Earth like planets,
223
00:06:22,627 --> 00:06:24,172
we could share even more in common,
224
00:06:24,915 --> 00:06:28,442
than just our biochemistry.
225
00:06:29,686 --> 00:06:31,119
What would life be like-
226
00:06:31,155 --> 00:06:32,188
on another planets,
227
00:06:32,188 --> 00:06:32,961
if it is evolved?
228
00:06:33,466 --> 00:06:34,321
Would it be like,
229
00:06:34,651 --> 00:06:37,061
the world today here on Earth?
230
00:06:37,392 --> 00:06:39,562
Or would be completely different?
231
00:06:40,409 --> 00:06:41,231
There are those,
232
00:06:41,231 --> 00:06:42,156
who argue that...
233
00:06:42,206 --> 00:06:44,220
from the argument of convergent evolution,
234
00:06:44,713 --> 00:06:46,054
if conditions on other planets-
235
00:06:46,054 --> 00:06:47,489
are similar to here,
236
00:06:47,534 --> 00:06:48,365
then we will see-
237
00:06:48,365 --> 00:06:50,214
very similar life forms...
238
00:06:54,466 --> 00:06:56,846
Animal and plant-like organisms,
239
00:06:56,919 --> 00:06:59,777
that look very familiar.
240
00:07:12,048 --> 00:07:12,768
On Earth,
241
00:07:12,820 --> 00:07:15,087
certain features like eyesight,
242
00:07:15,190 --> 00:07:16,788
echo-location and flight...
243
00:07:16,788 --> 00:07:18,635
have evolved multiple times,
244
00:07:18,663 --> 00:07:19,595
independently...
245
00:07:19,595 --> 00:07:21,757
in different species.
246
00:07:23,648 --> 00:07:26,182
This process of convergent evolution...
247
00:07:26,290 --> 00:07:28,890
could extend to alien planets like Earth,
248
00:07:28,890 --> 00:07:30,724
where creatures face similar-
249
00:07:30,794 --> 00:07:34,712
environmental pressures.
250
00:07:35,412 --> 00:07:36,949
It's no guarantee,
251
00:07:37,219 --> 00:07:38,689
but there could be certain-
252
00:07:38,689 --> 00:07:41,679
universalities of life...
253
00:07:44,177 --> 00:07:45,972
the greatest hits of evolution...
254
00:07:45,972 --> 00:07:48,842
on repeat across the universe.
255
00:07:57,720 --> 00:07:59,451
Each feature would be a tune-
256
00:07:59,451 --> 00:08:02,234
to its local environment.
257
00:08:02,808 --> 00:08:04,169
Dimly lit planets...
258
00:08:04,199 --> 00:08:05,889
would produce huge eyes-
259
00:08:05,889 --> 00:08:07,639
to suck in extra light,
260
00:08:07,985 --> 00:08:11,323
like nocturnal mammals.
261
00:08:14,090 --> 00:08:15,098
Some people have gone-
262
00:08:15,098 --> 00:08:16,467
so far as to say...
263
00:08:16,551 --> 00:08:18,496
that human type organism,
264
00:08:18,506 --> 00:08:19,231
humanoids,
265
00:08:19,231 --> 00:08:21,584
will occur on other planets.
266
00:08:25,886 --> 00:08:27,026
The existence of other-
267
00:08:27,076 --> 00:08:28,551
human-like organisms...
268
00:08:28,551 --> 00:08:29,821
seems unlikely,
269
00:08:30,025 --> 00:08:30,804
given the long...
270
00:08:30,804 --> 00:08:32,662
convoluted chain of events-
271
00:08:32,722 --> 00:08:33,722
that produced us.
272
00:08:35,016 --> 00:08:37,378
But we can't rule it out.
273
00:08:40,707 --> 00:08:41,898
If just one in every-
274
00:08:41,948 --> 00:08:44,698
100 trillion Earth-like planets produced-
275
00:08:44,698 --> 00:08:46,371
a human-like form...
276
00:08:46,424 --> 00:08:47,284
There could still be-
277
00:08:47,284 --> 00:08:48,300
thousands of creatures-
278
00:08:48,300 --> 00:08:51,238
like us out there...
279
00:09:02,415 --> 00:09:07,288
But in reality, we are more likely to find
something lower on the food chain.
280
00:09:10,051 --> 00:09:11,303
Convergent evolution-
281
00:09:11,327 --> 00:09:13,547
is also rampant in plant life...
282
00:09:13,877 --> 00:09:15,817
and C₄ photosynthesis-
283
00:09:15,817 --> 00:09:17,355
has arisen independently,
284
00:09:17,484 --> 00:09:19,234
over 40 times...
285
00:09:21,429 --> 00:09:22,607
Would alien plants-
286
00:09:22,607 --> 00:09:23,577
look like ours...
287
00:09:23,607 --> 00:09:25,814
or something else entirely?
288
00:09:36,696 --> 00:09:37,407
On Earth,
289
00:09:37,567 --> 00:09:38,950
plants appear green...
290
00:09:38,950 --> 00:09:39,507
because they absorb-
291
00:09:39,567 --> 00:09:40,867
the other wavelengths,
292
00:09:40,867 --> 00:09:44,234
in the Sun's light spectrum.
293
00:09:45,432 --> 00:09:48,937
But stars come in many colors...
294
00:09:52,429 --> 00:09:53,882
and alien plants would evolve-
295
00:09:53,882 --> 00:09:54,872
different pigments...
296
00:09:54,922 --> 00:09:58,612
to adapt to their sun's unique spectrum.
297
00:10:04,321 --> 00:10:06,301
Plants feeding off hotter stars-
298
00:10:06,457 --> 00:10:08,147
could appear redder,
299
00:10:08,184 --> 00:10:09,229
by absorbing their-
300
00:10:09,229 --> 00:10:11,281
energy rich bluer light
301
00:10:19,621 --> 00:10:21,709
Around dim Red Dwarfs stars,
302
00:10:22,110 --> 00:10:24,530
vegetation could appear black,
303
00:10:24,962 --> 00:10:26,633
adapted to absorb all-
304
00:10:26,726 --> 00:10:29,152
visible wavelengths of light.
305
00:10:44,948 --> 00:10:45,816
Earth itself-
306
00:10:45,908 --> 00:10:47,603
may have once appeared purple,
307
00:10:47,793 --> 00:10:49,042
due a pigment called retinal,
308
00:10:49,042 --> 00:10:49,589
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ
due a pigment called retinal,
309
00:10:49,589 --> 00:10:49,652
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ
310
00:10:49,652 --> 00:10:50,499
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ
that was an early-
311
00:10:50,499 --> 00:10:50,624
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ
precursor to chlorophyll.
312
00:10:50,624 --> 00:10:50,749
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ
precursor to chlorophyll.
313
00:10:50,749 --> 00:10:51,869
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ
precursor to chlorophyll.
314
00:10:51,869 --> 00:10:52,549
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ ᵖʰᵒᵗᵒˢʸⁿᵗʰᵉᵗⁱᶜ ᵖⁱᵍᵐᵉⁿᵗ
precursor to chlorophyll.
315
00:10:52,549 --> 00:10:54,829
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ ᵖʰᵒᵗᵒˢʸⁿᵗʰᵉᵗⁱᶜ ᵖⁱᵍᵐᵉⁿᵗ
316
00:10:54,829 --> 00:10:56,157
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ ᵖʰᵒᵗᵒˢʸⁿᵗʰᵉᵗⁱᶜ ᵖⁱᵍᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Some think that retinal's-
317
00:10:56,157 --> 00:10:57,157
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ ᵖʰᵒᵗᵒˢʸⁿᵗʰᵉᵗⁱᶜ ᵖⁱᵍᵐᵉⁿᵗ
molecular simplicity...
318
00:10:57,157 --> 00:10:57,647
molecular simplicity...
319
00:10:58,079 --> 00:10:58,967
could make it a more-
320
00:10:58,967 --> 00:11:01,207
universal pigment.
321
00:11:03,680 --> 00:11:04,566
If so,
322
00:11:04,986 --> 00:11:05,801
we may find-
323
00:11:05,801 --> 00:11:06,827
that purple...
324
00:11:07,603 --> 00:11:08,267
is life's-
325
00:11:08,267 --> 00:11:09,427
favorite color...
326
00:11:19,717 --> 00:11:21,750
But the color of alien vegetation...
327
00:11:21,790 --> 00:11:24,197
is more than just a curiosity,
328
00:11:25,586 --> 00:11:26,985
it's chemical information-
329
00:11:27,055 --> 00:11:27,925
that could be seen...
330
00:11:27,925 --> 00:11:29,825
from light years away.
331
00:11:34,368 --> 00:11:36,485
Earth plants leave a signature bump,
332
00:11:36,622 --> 00:11:38,842
in the light reflected off our planet.
333
00:11:40,076 --> 00:11:41,554
Finding a similar signal...
334
00:11:41,554 --> 00:11:43,465
from another world could point the way...
335
00:11:43,647 --> 00:11:46,717
to alien vegetation.
336
00:11:50,376 --> 00:11:50,946
Perhaps-
337
00:11:50,946 --> 00:11:51,966
this will be our...
338
00:11:51,985 --> 00:11:54,335
first glimpse at alien life,
339
00:11:54,865 --> 00:11:56,125
a vibrant hue...
340
00:11:56,585 --> 00:11:58,907
cast by a distant world.
341
00:12:12,135 --> 00:12:18,956
But the biggest influence on life won't be its host star;
it will be its home planet.
342
00:12:20,525 --> 00:12:21,217
What happens,
343
00:12:21,217 --> 00:12:22,465
when you change the day-length...
344
00:12:22,535 --> 00:12:23,195
of a planet?
345
00:12:23,375 --> 00:12:23,839
What happens,
346
00:12:23,839 --> 00:12:24,397
when you change-
347
00:12:24,447 --> 00:12:25,397
the tilt of a planet?
348
00:12:25,545 --> 00:12:25,846
What happens,
349
00:12:25,846 --> 00:12:26,636
when you change-
350
00:12:26,695 --> 00:12:27,695
the shape of the orbit?
351
00:12:27,835 --> 00:12:28,335
What happens,
352
00:12:28,335 --> 00:12:29,175
when you change-
353
00:12:29,254 --> 00:12:31,288
the gravity of a planet?
354
00:12:34,488 --> 00:12:35,658
Planets with long,
355
00:12:35,718 --> 00:12:37,148
elliptical orbits...
356
00:12:37,148 --> 00:12:40,118
would see drastic seasons.
357
00:12:41,298 --> 00:12:42,133
There could be worlds...
358
00:12:42,133 --> 00:12:43,038
did that appear dead-
359
00:12:43,078 --> 00:12:44,808
for the thousands of years,
360
00:12:45,458 --> 00:12:46,541
then suddenly...
361
00:12:46,639 --> 00:12:47,919
spring to life.
362
00:13:02,473 --> 00:13:03,970
Most of the rocky planets...
363
00:13:03,970 --> 00:13:04,988
discovered so far-
364
00:13:05,028 --> 00:13:06,068
have been massive-
365
00:13:06,068 --> 00:13:08,028
"Super Earths".
366
00:13:09,238 --> 00:13:09,300
G
367
00:13:09,300 --> 00:13:09,362
GJ
368
00:13:09,362 --> 00:13:09,425
GJ 3
369
00:13:09,425 --> 00:13:09,487
GJ 35
370
00:13:09,487 --> 00:13:09,550
GJ 357
371
00:13:09,550 --> 00:13:10,008
GJ 357 D
372
00:13:10,008 --> 00:13:10,023
GJ 357 D
ˢ
373
00:13:10,023 --> 00:13:10,039
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘ
374
00:13:10,039 --> 00:13:10,054
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖ
375
00:13:10,054 --> 00:13:10,070
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉ
376
00:13:10,070 --> 00:13:10,085
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ
377
00:13:10,085 --> 00:13:10,101
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉ
378
00:13:10,101 --> 00:13:10,117
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃ
379
00:13:10,117 --> 00:13:10,133
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳ
380
00:13:10,133 --> 00:13:10,148
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
381
00:13:10,148 --> 00:13:10,164
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
382
00:13:10,164 --> 00:13:10,179
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈ
383
00:13:10,179 --> 00:13:10,195
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱ
384
00:13:10,195 --> 00:13:10,210
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢ
385
00:13:10,210 --> 00:13:10,226
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
386
00:13:10,226 --> 00:13:10,242
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
387
00:13:10,242 --> 00:13:10,258
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
388
00:13:10,258 --> 00:13:10,273
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
389
00:13:10,273 --> 00:13:10,289
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
390
00:13:10,289 --> 00:13:10,304
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
391
00:13:10,304 --> 00:13:10,320
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜
392
00:13:10,320 --> 00:13:10,335
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³
393
00:13:10,335 --> 00:13:10,351
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹
394
00:13:10,351 --> 00:13:10,383
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡ
395
00:13:10,383 --> 00:13:10,390
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱ
396
00:13:10,390 --> 00:13:10,398
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍ
397
00:13:10,398 --> 00:13:10,406
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰ
398
00:13:10,406 --> 00:13:10,414
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ
399
00:13:10,414 --> 00:13:10,421
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ
400
00:13:10,421 --> 00:13:10,429
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
401
00:13:10,429 --> 00:13:10,437
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
402
00:13:10,437 --> 00:13:10,445
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
403
00:13:10,445 --> 00:13:10,452
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
404
00:13:10,452 --> 00:13:10,460
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐ
405
00:13:10,460 --> 00:13:10,468
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃ
406
00:13:10,468 --> 00:13:10,476
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢ
407
00:13:10,476 --> 00:13:10,484
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ
408
00:13:10,484 --> 00:13:10,492
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄
409
00:13:10,492 --> 00:13:10,500
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜
410
00:13:10,500 --> 00:13:10,508
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷
411
00:13:10,508 --> 00:13:10,515
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ
412
00:13:10,515 --> 00:13:10,523
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱ
413
00:13:10,523 --> 00:13:10,531
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃ
414
00:13:10,531 --> 00:13:10,539
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳ
415
00:13:10,539 --> 00:13:10,546
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗ
416
00:13:10,546 --> 00:13:10,554
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
417
00:13:10,554 --> 00:13:10,558
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗ
418
00:13:10,558 --> 00:13:10,562
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗ
419
00:13:10,562 --> 00:13:10,570
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉ
420
00:13:10,570 --> 00:13:10,577
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐ
421
00:13:10,577 --> 00:13:10,585
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
422
00:13:10,585 --> 00:13:10,589
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
423
00:13:10,589 --> 00:13:10,593
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
424
00:13:10,593 --> 00:13:10,601
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
425
00:13:10,601 --> 00:13:10,605
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
426
00:13:10,605 --> 00:13:10,609
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
427
00:13:10,609 --> 00:13:10,617
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
428
00:13:10,617 --> 00:13:10,625
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
429
00:13:10,625 --> 00:13:10,633
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
430
00:13:10,633 --> 00:13:10,640
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
431
00:13:10,640 --> 00:13:10,648
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄
432
00:13:10,648 --> 00:13:10,656
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜
433
00:13:10,656 --> 00:13:10,664
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻
434
00:13:10,664 --> 00:13:10,671
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵
435
00:13:10,671 --> 00:13:10,679
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³
436
00:13:10,679 --> 00:13:10,687
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`
437
00:13:10,687 --> 00:13:12,577
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
438
00:13:12,577 --> 00:13:13,727
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
How would life evolve...
439
00:13:13,727 --> 00:13:15,788
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
440
00:13:15,788 --> 00:13:15,803
GJ 357
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜ ⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
441
00:13:15,803 --> 00:13:15,819
GJ 357
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
442
00:13:15,819 --> 00:13:15,834
GJ 357
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
443
00:13:15,834 --> 00:13:15,850
GJ 35
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
444
00:13:15,850 --> 00:13:15,865
GJ 35
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds
445
00:13:15,865 --> 00:13:15,881
GJ 35
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
446
00:13:15,881 --> 00:13:15,897
GJ 3
ˢᵘᵖᵉ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳᵗ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
447
00:13:15,897 --> 00:13:15,913
GJ 3
ˢᵘᵖ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱᵃʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
448
00:13:15,913 --> 00:13:15,928
GJ 3
ˢᵘ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍʰ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷× ᴱᵃ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`ᶜ
on these worlds?
449
00:13:15,928 --> 00:13:15,944
GJ
ˢ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱᵍ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ ᴱ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³`
on these worlds?
450
00:13:15,944 --> 00:13:15,959
GJ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡⁱ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷ˣ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵³
on these worlds?
451
00:13:15,959 --> 00:13:15,975
G
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹ ˡ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁷
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻⁵
on these worlds?
452
00:13:15,975 --> 00:13:15,990
G
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³¹
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜⁻
on these worlds?
453
00:13:15,990 --> 00:13:16,006
G
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜³
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ˜
on these worlds?
454
00:13:16,006 --> 00:13:16,022
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜
ᵐᵃˢˢ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄
on these worlds?
455
00:13:16,022 --> 00:13:16,038
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
ᵐᵃˢ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
on these worlds?
456
00:13:16,038 --> 00:13:16,053
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
ᵐᵃ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
on these worlds?
457
00:13:16,053 --> 00:13:16,069
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
ᵐ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
on these worlds?
458
00:13:16,069 --> 00:13:16,084
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
459
00:13:16,084 --> 00:13:16,100
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
460
00:13:16,100 --> 00:13:16,115
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
461
00:13:16,115 --> 00:13:16,131
ᵈⁱˢ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
462
00:13:16,131 --> 00:13:16,147
ᵈⁱ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
463
00:13:16,147 --> 00:13:16,163
ᵈ
ᵗᵉᵐ
464
00:13:16,163 --> 00:13:16,178
ᵗᵉ
465
00:13:16,178 --> 00:13:16,194
ᵗ
466
00:13:18,580 --> 00:13:19,436
In the seas,
467
00:13:19,657 --> 00:13:20,843
gravity may not matter-
468
00:13:20,843 --> 00:13:22,173
much at all.
469
00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:30,670
A high-gravity planet...
470
00:13:30,700 --> 00:13:32,192
isn't high-gravity all over,
471
00:13:33,580 --> 00:13:34,450
If you're in the sea,
472
00:13:34,450 --> 00:13:35,832
and that's where all life starts...
473
00:13:36,257 --> 00:13:37,660
there's very nearly no gravity,
474
00:13:37,660 --> 00:13:38,882
'cuz you're much the density-
475
00:13:38,937 --> 00:13:42,582
as the stuff around you.
476
00:13:43,310 --> 00:13:44,398
It's when the animals-
477
00:13:44,448 --> 00:13:45,448
come out on land,
478
00:13:45,607 --> 00:13:47,942
that they feel the gravity.
479
00:13:51,548 --> 00:13:52,808
High g-force...
480
00:13:52,848 --> 00:13:53,628
would necessitate-
481
00:13:53,628 --> 00:13:55,516
large bones and muscle mass,
482
00:13:55,573 --> 00:13:58,743
in complex life on land...
483
00:13:59,748 --> 00:14:00,808
They would also demand-
484
00:14:00,836 --> 00:14:03,579
a more robust circulatory system.
485
00:14:04,683 --> 00:14:06,387
And plant life could be stunted...
486
00:14:06,470 --> 00:14:09,039
by the energy cost of carrying nutrients-
487
00:14:09,039 --> 00:14:12,943
under stronger gravity.
488
00:14:17,318 --> 00:14:18,536
Low-gravity planets...
489
00:14:18,587 --> 00:14:19,448
would more easily-
490
00:14:19,448 --> 00:14:21,708
lose their atmospheres to space,
491
00:14:21,838 --> 00:14:23,286
and lack a magnetic field-
492
00:14:23,286 --> 00:14:25,443
to protect from cosmic rays.
493
00:14:35,821 --> 00:14:36,905
But smaller worlds-
494
00:14:36,965 --> 00:14:39,404
could be home to secret oases...
495
00:14:46,161 --> 00:14:47,395
Huge cave systems...
496
00:14:47,599 --> 00:14:50,664
that provide hide-outs for life.
497
00:15:02,421 --> 00:15:11,094
With steadier temperatures and protection from cosmic rays,
life could thrive underground on planets with deadly surfaces.
498
00:15:26,691 --> 00:15:28,214
The smallest possible-
499
00:15:28,214 --> 00:15:29,293
habitable planets...
500
00:15:29,353 --> 00:15:31,817
are estimated at 2.5%-
501
00:15:31,897 --> 00:15:34,512
Earth's mass.
502
00:15:35,042 --> 00:15:38,475
If surface life does evolve on these worlds,
503
00:15:38,762 --> 00:15:40,786
it could be a sight to behold.
504
00:15:44,584 --> 00:15:47,064
Plant life could grow to towering heights,
505
00:15:47,484 --> 00:15:49,221
able to carry nutrients higher,
506
00:15:49,221 --> 00:15:51,246
at lesser gravity.
507
00:15:59,094 --> 00:16:00,280
And without the need...
508
00:16:00,280 --> 00:16:01,254
for bulky skeletons-
509
00:16:01,379 --> 00:16:02,379
and muscle mass,
510
00:16:02,754 --> 00:16:04,341
animals could have body types,
511
00:16:04,421 --> 00:16:06,591
that boggle the mind.
512
00:16:22,228 --> 00:16:28,229
Despite our eager imaginations, large complex lifeforms
are probably a cosmic rarity.
513
00:16:31,341 --> 00:16:32,310
Here on Earth,
514
00:16:32,310 --> 00:16:34,170
it took three billion years-
515
00:16:34,245 --> 00:16:34,835
for evolution...
516
00:16:34,835 --> 00:16:37,404
to produce complex plant and animal life.
517
00:16:39,663 --> 00:16:41,557
Simple organisms are hardier,
518
00:16:41,654 --> 00:16:42,654
more adaptable...
519
00:16:42,716 --> 00:16:45,971
and more widespread.
520
00:16:48,283 --> 00:16:49,655
The largest collection-
521
00:16:49,705 --> 00:16:50,387
in the museum-
522
00:16:50,387 --> 00:16:51,390
of alien life...
523
00:16:51,440 --> 00:16:52,352
would likely be...
524
00:16:52,352 --> 00:16:54,694
the "Hall of Microbes".
525
00:17:10,116 --> 00:17:10,940
Yet finding even-
526
00:17:10,940 --> 00:17:12,963
the tiniest alien microbe...
527
00:17:13,010 --> 00:17:16,155
would be a profound discovery.
528
00:17:30,455 --> 00:17:31,849
And bite-sized life...
529
00:17:31,849 --> 00:17:34,522
could leave a big footprint.
530
00:17:35,762 --> 00:17:37,147
Like stromatolites on Earth,
531
00:17:37,327 --> 00:17:38,682
layers of microbes...
532
00:17:38,682 --> 00:17:39,449
could build up into-
533
00:17:39,497 --> 00:17:41,370
huge rock mounds over time.
534
00:17:41,542 --> 00:17:44,112
Leaving behind eery structures.
535
00:17:48,670 --> 00:17:50,343
And in big enough numbers,
536
00:17:50,412 --> 00:17:51,907
some alien bacteria...
537
00:17:51,907 --> 00:17:54,046
could leave a distinct biosignature,
538
00:17:55,874 --> 00:17:57,067
by exhaling gases-
539
00:17:57,067 --> 00:17:59,232
that wouldn't coexist naturally...
540
00:17:59,293 --> 00:18:00,455
Like oxygen...
541
00:18:00,476 --> 00:18:02,656
and methane.
542
00:18:07,166 --> 00:18:07,596
There's ways-
543
00:18:07,596 --> 00:18:08,906
to make oxygen without life.
544
00:18:08,946 --> 00:18:09,226
There's ways-
545
00:18:09,226 --> 00:18:09,706
to make-
546
00:18:09,706 --> 00:18:10,736
methane without life.
547
00:18:10,937 --> 00:18:11,423
But to have them-
548
00:18:11,423 --> 00:18:12,843
in the atmosphere together?
549
00:18:12,939 --> 00:18:14,068
Is almost impossible...
550
00:18:14,068 --> 00:18:15,037
unless you've got biology-
551
00:18:15,077 --> 00:18:15,737
making those gases-
552
00:18:15,737 --> 00:18:16,433
at the surface.
553
00:18:17,443 --> 00:18:18,248
And it would have,
554
00:18:18,248 --> 00:18:19,777
a imprint on the planet's-
555
00:18:19,777 --> 00:18:20,777
spectrum of colors.
556
00:18:22,695 --> 00:18:24,694
Next generation space telescopes-
557
00:18:24,754 --> 00:18:27,572
could find a signal like this,
558
00:18:28,424 --> 00:18:31,661
on a world not far from home.
559
00:18:32,164 --> 00:18:33,884
The closest Sun-like star-
560
00:18:33,941 --> 00:18:36,141
with an Earth-like exoplanet,
561
00:18:36,141 --> 00:18:37,667
in the habitable zone...
562
00:18:37,757 --> 00:18:38,801
is probably only-
563
00:18:38,801 --> 00:18:40,371
20 light years away...
564
00:18:40,419 --> 00:18:41,269
and can be seen...
565
00:18:41,419 --> 00:18:42,435
with a naked eye.
566
00:18:46,205 --> 00:18:51,880
But there may be an even easier target to aim for
than tiny Earth-like planets.
567
00:18:54,836 --> 00:19:01,749
The brown dwarfs: too small to be stars, to big to be planets.
568
00:19:06,209 --> 00:19:07,368
Most Brown Dwarfs...
569
00:19:07,428 --> 00:19:09,118
are too hot to support life-
570
00:19:09,118 --> 00:19:10,358
as we know it.
571
00:19:10,986 --> 00:19:12,777
But some are just cold enough.
572
00:19:14,018 --> 00:19:14,049
W
573
00:19:14,049 --> 00:19:14,080
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574
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575
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576
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577
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578
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579
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580
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581
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582
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583
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WISE 0855-0714
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WISE 0855-0714
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WISE 0855-0714
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607
00:19:14,711 --> 00:19:14,722
WISE 0855-0714
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608
00:19:14,722 --> 00:19:14,737
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612
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613
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614
00:19:14,815 --> 00:19:14,831
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615
00:19:14,831 --> 00:19:14,847
WISE 0855-0714
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616
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617
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WISE 0855-0714
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618
00:19:14,878 --> 00:19:14,893
WISE 0855-0714
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620
00:19:14,909 --> 00:19:14,924
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621
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622
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WISE 0855-0714
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623
00:19:14,956 --> 00:19:14,972
WISE 0855-0714
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624
00:19:14,972 --> 00:19:14,984
WISE 0855-0714
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625
00:19:14,984 --> 00:19:14,997
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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626
00:19:14,997 --> 00:19:15,010
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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627
00:19:15,010 --> 00:19:15,023
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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628
00:19:15,023 --> 00:19:15,035
WISE 0855-0714
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ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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629
00:19:15,035 --> 00:19:15,048
WISE 0855-0714
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ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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630
00:19:15,048 --> 00:19:15,061
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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631
00:19:15,061 --> 00:19:15,074
WISE 0855-0714
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632
00:19:15,074 --> 00:19:15,086
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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00:19:15,086 --> 00:19:15,099
WISE 0855-0714
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ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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634
00:19:15,099 --> 00:19:15,112
WISE 0855-0714
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ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
635
00:19:15,112 --> 00:19:15,125
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
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636
00:19:15,125 --> 00:19:15,137
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉ
637
00:19:15,137 --> 00:19:15,150
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐ
638
00:19:15,150 --> 00:19:15,163
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
639
00:19:15,163 --> 00:19:15,176
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
640
00:19:15,176 --> 00:19:15,188
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
641
00:19:15,188 --> 00:19:15,201
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
642
00:19:15,201 --> 00:19:15,214
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
643
00:19:15,214 --> 00:19:15,227
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
644
00:19:15,227 --> 00:19:15,239
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
645
00:19:15,239 --> 00:19:15,252
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
646
00:19:15,252 --> 00:19:15,265
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄
647
00:19:15,265 --> 00:19:15,278
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻
648
00:19:15,278 --> 00:19:15,290
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵
649
00:19:15,290 --> 00:19:15,303
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰
650
00:19:15,303 --> 00:19:15,316
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻
651
00:19:15,316 --> 00:19:15,329
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻
652
00:19:15,329 --> 00:19:15,341
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹
653
00:19:15,341 --> 00:19:15,354
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³
654
00:19:15,354 --> 00:19:21,948
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³`ᶜ
655
00:19:21,948 --> 00:19:21,987
WISE 0855-071
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³`ᶜ
656
00:19:21,987 --> 00:19:22,000
WISE 0855-07
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³`ᶜ
657
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:22,062
WISE 0855-0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³`ᶜ
658
00:19:22,062 --> 00:19:22,124
WISE 0855-
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³`ᶜ
659
00:19:22,124 --> 00:19:22,187
WISE 0855
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³`ᶜ
660
00:19:22,187 --> 00:19:22,250
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³`ᶜ
661
00:19:22,250 --> 00:19:22,262
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³`
662
00:19:22,262 --> 00:19:22,275
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³
663
00:19:22,275 --> 00:19:22,287
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹
664
00:19:22,287 --> 00:19:22,300
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻
665
00:19:22,300 --> 00:19:22,312
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻
666
00:19:22,312 --> 00:19:22,325
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗᵉ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻
667
00:19:22,325 --> 00:19:22,337
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱᵗ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵⁰
668
00:19:22,337 --> 00:19:22,349
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖⁱ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻⁵
669
00:19:22,349 --> 00:19:22,361
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻
670
00:19:22,361 --> 00:19:22,373
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄
671
00:19:22,373 --> 00:19:22,385
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ ʲ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
672
00:19:22,385 --> 00:19:22,397
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰ˣ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
673
00:19:22,397 --> 00:19:22,409
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹⁰
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
674
00:19:22,409 --> 00:19:22,422
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍʰ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻¹
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
675
00:19:22,422 --> 00:19:22,434
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱᵍ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³⁻
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
676
00:19:22,434 --> 00:19:22,446
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡⁱ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ³
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
677
00:19:22,446 --> 00:19:22,458
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷ ˡ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
678
00:19:22,458 --> 00:19:22,471
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ⁷
ᵐᵃˢˢ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
679
00:19:22,471 --> 00:19:22,483
WISE
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
ᵐᵃˢ
ᵗᵉᵐ
680
00:19:22,483 --> 00:19:22,495
WISE
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
ᵐᵃ
ᵗᵉ
681
00:19:22,495 --> 00:19:22,507
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
ᵐ
ᵗ
682
00:19:22,507 --> 00:19:22,520
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
ᵐ
683
00:19:22,520 --> 00:19:22,532
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
684
00:19:22,532 --> 00:19:22,544
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
685
00:19:22,544 --> 00:19:22,556
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ
ᵈⁱˢ
686
00:19:22,556 --> 00:19:22,568
WI
ˢᵘ
ᵈⁱ
687
00:19:22,568 --> 00:19:22,580
WI
ˢ
ᵈ
688
00:19:22,580 --> 00:19:22,592
WI
ˢ
689
00:19:22,592 --> 00:19:22,604
WI
690
00:19:22,604 --> 00:19:22,617
W
691
00:19:24,309 --> 00:19:26,205
All the prime elements for life...
692
00:19:26,235 --> 00:19:26,945
have been detected-
693
00:19:26,945 --> 00:19:28,705
inside their atmospheres.
694
00:19:31,458 --> 00:19:32,755
And within these clouds,
695
00:19:32,755 --> 00:19:33,795
some layers-
696
00:19:33,825 --> 00:19:35,615
would provide ideal temperatures-
697
00:19:35,615 --> 00:19:39,966
and pressures for habitability.
698
00:19:45,926 --> 00:19:47,435
There could be photosynthetic-
699
00:19:47,435 --> 00:19:49,175
plankton in these skies,
700
00:19:49,992 --> 00:19:53,653
kept aloft by churning upwinds.
701
00:19:57,473 --> 00:19:58,606
And within enough force,
702
00:19:58,676 --> 00:20:01,066
these upwinds could even support larger...
703
00:20:01,186 --> 00:20:04,042
more complex life.
704
00:20:06,011 --> 00:20:08,362
Predators...
705
00:20:15,575 --> 00:20:23,680
There are over 25 billion brown dwarfs in our galaxy alone,
and their sizes will make them easier targets for study.
706
00:20:26,936 --> 00:20:35,098
The first specimen we discover from the museum of life
may not be from a planet at all.
707
00:20:43,972 --> 00:20:47,196
This raises a crucial question...
708
00:20:47,650 --> 00:20:48,063
what if we've-
709
00:20:48,063 --> 00:20:48,832
been looking in...
710
00:20:48,895 --> 00:20:51,235
all the wrong places?
711
00:20:52,288 --> 00:20:53,291
What if nature...
712
00:20:53,433 --> 00:20:56,716
has other ideas?
713
00:20:58,852 --> 00:21:01,173
EXHIBIT II
714
00:21:01,173 --> 00:21:03,494
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
715
00:21:03,494 --> 00:21:07,902
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗⁱᶜ ᴮⁱᵒᶜʰᵉᵐⁱˢᵗʳⁱᵉˢ
716
00:21:20,932 --> 00:21:22,263
Most of the Universe...
717
00:21:22,263 --> 00:21:24,327
is too cold or too hot-
718
00:21:24,367 --> 00:21:25,287
for liquid water,
719
00:21:25,327 --> 00:21:26,461
and the biochemistry-
720
00:21:26,461 --> 00:21:27,417
that supports life...
721
00:21:27,457 --> 00:21:28,856
as we know it.
722
00:21:31,304 --> 00:21:34,354
But in case our biases are misleading,
723
00:21:34,520 --> 00:21:37,946
we have to cast a wide net.
724
00:21:38,708 --> 00:21:39,751
To search for life-
725
00:21:39,751 --> 00:21:41,991
outside the habitable zone,
726
00:21:42,131 --> 00:21:43,142
in places that seem-
727
00:21:43,172 --> 00:21:47,116
wildly hostile to us.
728
00:21:49,416 --> 00:21:50,755
Exotic environments...
729
00:21:50,805 --> 00:21:53,076
will demand exotic biochemistries.
730
00:21:53,406 --> 00:21:54,717
And while no element-
731
00:21:54,747 --> 00:21:56,733
can match carbon's versatility,
732
00:21:56,895 --> 00:21:58,738
one contender is a front runner.
733
00:22:00,235 --> 00:22:00,485
Silicon
734
00:22:00,485 --> 00:22:00,509
Silicon
735
00:22:00,509 --> 00:22:00,533
M
Silicon ᴰ
736
00:22:00,533 --> 00:22:00,557
M
Silicon ᴰ
737
00:22:00,557 --> 00:22:00,581
Mᴇ
Silicon ᴰ
738
00:22:00,581 --> 00:22:00,605
Mᴇʟ_
Silicon ᴰ
739
00:22:00,605 --> 00:22:00,629
Mᴇʟᴛ_
Silicon ᴰᵉ
740
00:22:00,629 --> 00:22:00,653
Mᴇʟᴛɪ_
Silicon ᴰᵉ
741
00:22:00,653 --> 00:22:00,678
Mᴇʟᴛɪɴ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿ
742
00:22:00,678 --> 00:22:00,702
Mᴇʟᴛɪɴ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿ
743
00:22:00,702 --> 00:22:00,726
Mᴇʟᴛɪɴ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿ
744
00:22:00,726 --> 00:22:00,750
R_
ᴀ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢ
745
00:22:00,750 --> 00:22:00,775
R_
ᴀ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢ
746
00:22:00,775 --> 00:22:00,799
R_
ᴀᴛ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢ
747
00:22:00,799 --> 00:22:00,823
R_
ᴀᴛ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱ
748
00:22:00,823 --> 00:22:00,847
R
ᴀᴛ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢᴘᴏ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱ
749
00:22:00,847 --> 00:22:00,872
R
ᴀᴛᴏ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗ
750
00:22:00,872 --> 00:22:00,896
R_
ᴀᴛᴏ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗ
751
00:22:00,896 --> 00:22:00,920
R_
ᴀᴛᴏ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗ
752
00:22:00,920 --> 00:22:00,944
R +_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ
753
00:22:00,944 --> 00:22:00,968
R +
ᴀᴛᴏᴍ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ
754
00:22:00,968 --> 00:22:00,992
R +
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ
755
00:22:00,992 --> 00:22:01,016
R +
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ
756
00:22:01,016 --> 00:22:01,040
R +_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ
757
00:22:01,040 --> 00:22:01,065
R +_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄
758
00:22:01,065 --> 00:22:01,089
R +_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄
759
00:22:01,089 --> 00:22:01,113
R +
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄
760
00:22:01,113 --> 00:22:01,137
R +
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄
761
00:22:01,137 --> 00:22:01,162
R +
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²
762
00:22:01,162 --> 00:22:01,186
R + 7_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²
763
00:22:01,186 --> 00:22:01,210
R + 7_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²
764
00:22:01,210 --> 00:22:01,234
R + 7_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢᶦⁱᵗʸ᠄
765
00:22:01,234 --> 00:22:01,259
R + 7:
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙
766
00:22:01,259 --> 00:22:01,283
R + 7:
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙
767
00:22:01,283 --> 00:22:01,307
R + 7:
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙
768
00:22:01,307 --> 00:22:01,331
R + 7:_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ B_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³
769
00:22:01,331 --> 00:22:01,355
R + 7:_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ B_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³
770
00:22:01,355 --> 00:22:01,379
R + 7:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²
771
00:22:01,379 --> 00:22:01,403
R + 7: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹
772
00:22:01,403 --> 00:22:01,427
R + 7: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹
773
00:22:01,427 --> 00:22:01,452
R + 7: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹
774
00:22:01,452 --> 00:22:01,476
R + 7:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹
775
00:22:01,476 --> 00:22:01,500
R + 7:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰
776
00:22:01,500 --> 00:22:01,524
R + 7:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰
777
00:22:01,524 --> 00:22:01,549
R + 7: 9 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰
778
00:22:01,549 --> 00:22:01,573
R + 7: 9 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰
779
00:22:01,573 --> 00:22:01,597
R + 7: 9 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰
780
00:22:01,597 --> 00:22:01,621
R + 7: 9:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ
781
00:22:01,621 --> 00:22:01,646
R + 7: 9:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ
782
00:22:01,646 --> 00:22:01,670
R + 7: 9:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ:_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪ_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ
783
00:22:01,670 --> 00:22:01,694
R + 7: 9: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕
784
00:22:01,694 --> 00:22:01,718
R + 7: 9: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕
785
00:22:01,718 --> 00:22:01,742
R + 7: 9: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜ
786
00:22:01,742 --> 00:22:01,766
R + 7: 9:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ:_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜ
787
00:22:01,766 --> 00:22:01,790
R + 7: 9:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 2_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜ
788
00:22:01,790 --> 00:22:01,814
R + 7: 9:_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 2_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:_
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜ
789
00:22:01,814 --> 00:22:01,826
R + 7: 9: 5 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 2 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ
790
00:22:01,826 --> 00:22:01,839
R + 7: 9: 56 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
791
00:22:01,839 --> 00:22:01,863
R + 7: 9: 56 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
792
00:22:01,863 --> 00:22:01,887
R + 7: 9: 56_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28._ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
793
00:22:01,887 --> 00:22:01,911
R + 7: 9: 56._ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28._ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
794
00:22:01,911 --> 00:22:01,936
R + 7: 9: 56._ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.0_ Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
795
00:22:01,936 --> 00:22:01,960
R + 7: 9: 56.2 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.0 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
796
00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:01,984
R + 7: 9: 56.2 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.08 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
797
00:22:01,984 --> 00:22:02,008
R + 7: 9: 56.25 Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.08 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
798
00:22:02,008 --> 00:22:02,033
R + 7: 9: 56.25_ Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
799
00:22:02,033 --> 00:22:02,871
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
800
00:22:02,871 --> 00:22:04,978
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 3
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
801
00:22:04,978 --> 00:22:07,283
R + 7: 9: 56.25: P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
802
00:22:07,283 --> 00:22:07,408
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Metalloid
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
803
00:22:07,408 --> 00:22:08,486
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Metalloid
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
At first glance...
804
00:22:08,486 --> 00:22:08,904
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Metalloid
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
silicon seem similar to carbon.
805
00:22:08,904 --> 00:22:10,736
R + 7: 9: 56.25: 3.9936
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
silicon seem similar to carbon.
806
00:22:10,736 --> 00:22:10,934
R + 7: 9: 56.25: 3.9936
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
807
00:22:10,934 --> 00:22:11,494
R + 7: 9: 56.25:
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
808
00:22:11,494 --> 00:22:12,636
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
809
00:22:12,636 --> 00:22:12,966
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
It forms the same four-way bonds
810
00:22:12,966 --> 00:22:14,783
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 3
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
It forms the same four-way bonds
811
00:22:14,783 --> 00:22:15,236
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 3
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
and is also abundant in the Universe.
812
00:22:15,236 --> 00:22:16,934
R + 7: 9: 56.25: P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
and is also abundant in the Universe.
813
00:22:16,934 --> 00:22:17,335
R + 7: 9: 56.25: P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
814
00:22:17,335 --> 00:22:19,036
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Metalloid
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
815
00:22:19,036 --> 00:22:19,266
R + 7: 9: 56.25: 3.9936
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
816
00:22:19,266 --> 00:22:20,208
R + 7: 9: 56.25: 3.9936
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
But a closer look...
817
00:22:20,208 --> 00:22:20,845
R + 7: 9: 56.25: 3.9936
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
reveals that these-
818
00:22:20,845 --> 00:22:21,195
R + 7: 9: 56.25:
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
reveals that these-
819
00:22:21,195 --> 00:22:21,562
R + 7: 9: 56.25:
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
two elements are false twins...
820
00:22:21,562 --> 00:22:23,275
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Si 014
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
two elements are false twins...
821
00:22:23,275 --> 00:22:23,955
R + 7: 9: 56.25: Period 3
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: 28.086 Mᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ¹⁶⁸⁷ ᴷ ∕ Bᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁵³⁸ ᴷ
Silicon ᴰᵉⁿˢⁱᵗʸ᠄ ²˙³²⁹⁰ ᵍ∕ᶜᵐ³
two elements are false twins...
822
00:22:27,098 --> 00:22:29,051
Silicon bonds are weaker,
823
00:22:29,138 --> 00:22:30,395
and less prone to forming-
824
00:22:30,395 --> 00:22:34,465
large complex molecules.
825
00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:37,220
Despite this,
826
00:22:37,515 --> 00:22:39,162
they can withstand a wider range-
827
00:22:39,162 --> 00:22:40,312
of temperatures,
828
00:22:40,820 --> 00:22:44,132
opening up intriguing possibilities.
829
00:22:47,191 --> 00:22:48,988
Life based on the silicon atom-
830
00:22:48,988 --> 00:22:50,338
instead of carbon,
831
00:22:50,588 --> 00:22:51,840
would be more resistant-
832
00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:53,621
to the extreme cold.
833
00:22:54,568 --> 00:22:55,819
Providing a whole...
834
00:22:55,879 --> 00:22:59,741
new range of weird forms.
835
00:23:01,101 --> 00:23:02,901
But silicon has a problem...
836
00:23:04,416 --> 00:23:06,215
in the presence of oxygen,
837
00:23:06,265 --> 00:23:07,806
it binds into solid rock.
838
00:23:10,097 --> 00:23:11,881
To avoid turning to stone,
839
00:23:11,881 --> 00:23:12,801
silicon beings might be-
840
00:23:12,801 --> 00:23:12,994
T
silicon beings might be-
841
00:23:12,994 --> 00:23:13,101
TI
silicon beings might be-
842
00:23:13,101 --> 00:23:13,195
TIT
silicon beings might be-
843
00:23:13,195 --> 00:23:13,289
TITA
silicon beings might be-
844
00:23:13,289 --> 00:23:13,587
TITAN
silicon beings might be-
845
00:23:13,587 --> 00:23:13,594
TITAN
ˢ
846
00:23:13,594 --> 00:23:13,602
TITAN
ˢᵃ
847
00:23:13,602 --> 00:23:13,610
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗ
848
00:23:13,610 --> 00:23:13,618
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘ
confined to oxygen free environments.
849
00:23:13,618 --> 00:23:13,625
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳ
confined to oxygen free environments.
850
00:23:13,625 --> 00:23:13,633
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿ
confined to oxygen free environments.
851
00:23:13,633 --> 00:23:13,641
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱ
confined to oxygen free environments.
852
00:23:13,641 --> 00:23:13,649
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃ
confined to oxygen free environments.
853
00:23:13,649 --> 00:23:13,656
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ
confined to oxygen free environments.
854
00:23:13,656 --> 00:23:13,664
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐ
confined to oxygen free environments.
855
00:23:13,664 --> 00:23:13,672
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒ
confined to oxygen free environments.
856
00:23:13,672 --> 00:23:13,680
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒ
confined to oxygen free environments.
857
00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:13,688
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
confined to oxygen free environments.
858
00:23:13,688 --> 00:23:13,696
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈ
confined to oxygen free environments.
859
00:23:13,696 --> 00:23:13,704
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱ
confined to oxygen free environments.
860
00:23:13,704 --> 00:23:13,712
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢ
confined to oxygen free environments.
861
00:23:13,712 --> 00:23:13,719
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
confined to oxygen free environments.
862
00:23:13,719 --> 00:23:13,727
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
confined to oxygen free environments.
863
00:23:13,727 --> 00:23:13,735
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
confined to oxygen free environments.
864
00:23:13,735 --> 00:23:13,743
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
confined to oxygen free environments.
865
00:23:13,743 --> 00:23:13,750
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
confined to oxygen free environments.
866
00:23:13,750 --> 00:23:13,758
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
confined to oxygen free environments.
867
00:23:13,758 --> 00:23:13,766
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹
confined to oxygen free environments.
868
00:23:13,766 --> 00:23:13,774
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙
confined to oxygen free environments.
869
00:23:13,774 --> 00:23:13,781
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙²
confined to oxygen free environments.
870
00:23:13,781 --> 00:23:13,789
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐ
confined to oxygen free environments.
871
00:23:13,789 --> 00:23:13,797
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱ
confined to oxygen free environments.
872
00:23:13,797 --> 00:23:13,805
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡ
confined to oxygen free environments.
873
00:23:13,805 --> 00:23:13,813
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡ
confined to oxygen free environments.
874
00:23:13,813 --> 00:23:13,821
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱ
confined to oxygen free environments.
875
00:23:13,821 --> 00:23:13,829
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒ
confined to oxygen free environments.
876
00:23:13,829 --> 00:23:13,837
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ
confined to oxygen free environments.
877
00:23:13,837 --> 00:23:13,844
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏ
confined to oxygen free environments.
878
00:23:13,844 --> 00:23:13,852
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
confined to oxygen free environments.
879
00:23:13,852 --> 00:23:13,860
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐ
confined to oxygen free environments.
880
00:23:13,860 --> 00:23:13,868
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃ
confined to oxygen free environments.
881
00:23:13,868 --> 00:23:13,875
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢ
confined to oxygen free environments.
882
00:23:13,875 --> 00:23:13,883
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ
confined to oxygen free environments.
883
00:23:13,883 --> 00:23:13,891
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄
confined to oxygen free environments.
884
00:23:13,891 --> 00:23:13,899
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰
confined to oxygen free environments.
885
00:23:13,899 --> 00:23:13,906
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²
confined to oxygen free environments.
886
00:23:13,906 --> 00:23:13,914
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³
confined to oxygen free environments.
887
00:23:13,914 --> 00:23:13,922
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ
confined to oxygen free environments.
888
00:23:13,922 --> 00:23:13,930
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉ
confined to oxygen free environments.
889
00:23:13,930 --> 00:23:13,938
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃ
confined to oxygen free environments.
890
00:23:13,938 --> 00:23:13,946
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳ
confined to oxygen free environments.
891
00:23:13,946 --> 00:23:13,954
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
confined to oxygen free environments.˙
892
00:23:13,954 --> 00:23:13,962
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
confined to oxygen free environments.
893
00:23:13,962 --> 00:23:13,969
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗ
confined to oxygen free environments.
894
00:23:13,969 --> 00:23:13,977
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉ
confined to oxygen free environments.
895
00:23:13,977 --> 00:23:13,985
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐ
confined to oxygen free environments.
896
00:23:13,985 --> 00:23:13,993
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
confined to oxygen free environments.
897
00:23:13,993 --> 00:23:14,000
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
confined to oxygen free environments.
898
00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:14,008
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
confined to oxygen free environments.
899
00:23:14,008 --> 00:23:14,016
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
confined to oxygen free environments.
900
00:23:14,016 --> 00:23:14,024
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
confined to oxygen free environments.
901
00:23:14,024 --> 00:23:14,031
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
confined to oxygen free environments.
902
00:23:14,031 --> 00:23:14,039
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
confined to oxygen free environments.
903
00:23:14,039 --> 00:23:14,047
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
confined to oxygen free environments.
904
00:23:14,047 --> 00:23:14,055
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄
confined to oxygen free environments.
905
00:23:14,055 --> 00:23:14,063
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻
confined to oxygen free environments.
906
00:23:14,063 --> 00:23:14,071
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹
confined to oxygen free environments.
907
00:23:14,071 --> 00:23:14,079
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷
confined to oxygen free environments.
908
00:23:14,079 --> 00:23:14,087
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹
confined to oxygen free environments.
909
00:23:14,087 --> 00:23:14,094
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`
confined to oxygen free environments.
910
00:23:14,094 --> 00:23:15,896
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
confined to oxygen free environments.
911
00:23:15,896 --> 00:23:16,318
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
912
00:23:16,318 --> 00:23:17,848
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
Like Saturn's frigid moon,
913
00:23:17,848 --> 00:23:18,098
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
914
00:23:18,098 --> 00:23:19,598
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
Titan.
915
00:23:19,598 --> 00:23:22,659
TITAN
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
916
00:23:22,659 --> 00:23:22,839
TITA
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
917
00:23:22,839 --> 00:23:22,935
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
918
00:23:22,935 --> 00:23:23,031
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`ᶜ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
919
00:23:23,031 --> 00:23:23,038
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹`
Its vast lakes of liquid...
920
00:23:23,038 --> 00:23:23,046
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷⁹
Its vast lakes of liquid...
921
00:23:23,046 --> 00:23:23,054
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹⁷
Its vast lakes of liquid...
922
00:23:23,054 --> 00:23:23,062
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻¹
Its vast lakes of liquid...
923
00:23:23,062 --> 00:23:23,069
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ⁻
Its vast lakes of liquid...
924
00:23:23,069 --> 00:23:23,077
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄
Its vast lakes of liquid...
925
00:23:23,077 --> 00:23:23,085
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
926
00:23:23,085 --> 00:23:23,093
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
927
00:23:23,093 --> 00:23:23,100
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
928
00:23:23,100 --> 00:23:23,108
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
929
00:23:23,108 --> 00:23:23,116
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
930
00:23:23,116 --> 00:23:23,124
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
931
00:23:23,124 --> 00:23:23,132
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
932
00:23:23,132 --> 00:23:23,140
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
933
00:23:23,140 --> 00:23:23,148
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
934
00:23:23,148 --> 00:23:23,156
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
935
00:23:23,156 --> 00:23:23,163
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
936
00:23:23,163 --> 00:23:23,171
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
937
00:23:23,171 --> 00:23:23,179
TIT
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
938
00:23:23,179 --> 00:23:23,187
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃʳ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
939
00:23:23,187 --> 00:23:23,194
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉᵃ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
940
00:23:23,194 --> 00:23:23,202
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ ᵉ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
941
00:23:23,202 --> 00:23:23,210
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³ˣ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
942
00:23:23,210 --> 00:23:23,218
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²³
Its vast lakes of liquid...
943
00:23:23,218 --> 00:23:23,225
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰²
Its vast lakes of liquid...
944
00:23:23,225 --> 00:23:23,233
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˙⁰
Its vast lakes of liquid...
945
00:23:23,233 --> 00:23:23,241
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄
Its vast lakes of liquid...
946
00:23:23,241 --> 00:23:23,249
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
947
00:23:23,249 --> 00:23:23,257
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢˢ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
948
00:23:23,257 --> 00:23:23,265
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃˢ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
949
00:23:23,265 --> 00:23:23,273
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐᵃ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
950
00:23:23,273 --> 00:23:23,281
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
ᵐ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
951
00:23:23,281 --> 00:23:23,288
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏᵐ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
952
00:23:23,288 --> 00:23:23,296
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ ᵏ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
953
00:23:23,296 --> 00:23:23,304
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒⁿ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
954
00:23:23,304 --> 00:23:23,312
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵒ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
955
00:23:23,312 --> 00:23:23,319
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡⁱ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
956
00:23:23,319 --> 00:23:23,327
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
957
00:23:23,327 --> 00:23:23,335
TI
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡˡ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
958
00:23:23,335 --> 00:23:23,343
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱˡ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
959
00:23:23,343 --> 00:23:23,350
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐⁱ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
960
00:23:23,350 --> 00:23:23,358
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙² ᵐ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
961
00:23:23,358 --> 00:23:23,366
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙²
Its vast lakes of liquid...
962
00:23:23,366 --> 00:23:23,374
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹˙
Its vast lakes of liquid...
963
00:23:23,374 --> 00:23:23,382
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹
Its vast lakes of liquid...
964
00:23:23,382 --> 00:23:23,390
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
Its vast lakes of liquid...
965
00:23:23,390 --> 00:23:23,398
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
966
00:23:23,398 --> 00:23:23,406
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
967
00:23:23,406 --> 00:23:23,413
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
968
00:23:23,413 --> 00:23:23,421
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
969
00:23:23,421 --> 00:23:23,429
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
970
00:23:23,429 --> 00:23:23,437
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱˢ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
971
00:23:23,437 --> 00:23:23,444
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈⁱ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
972
00:23:23,444 --> 00:23:23,452
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
ᵈ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
973
00:23:23,452 --> 00:23:23,460
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒⁿ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
974
00:23:23,460 --> 00:23:23,468
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒᵒ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
975
00:23:23,468 --> 00:23:23,475
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐᵒ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
976
00:23:23,475 --> 00:23:23,483
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ ᵐ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
977
00:23:23,483 --> 00:23:23,491
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃⁿ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
978
00:23:23,491 --> 00:23:23,499
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱᵃ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
979
00:23:23,499 --> 00:23:23,507
T
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿⁱ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
980
00:23:23,507 --> 00:23:23,515
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳⁿ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
981
00:23:23,515 --> 00:23:23,523
ˢᵃᵗᵘʳ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
982
00:23:23,523 --> 00:23:23,531
ˢᵃᵗᵘ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
983
00:23:23,531 --> 00:23:23,538
ˢᵃᵗ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
984
00:23:23,538 --> 00:23:23,546
ˢᵃ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
985
00:23:23,546 --> 00:23:23,562
ˢ
Its vast lakes of liquid...
986
00:23:23,562 --> 00:23:24,314
Its vast lakes of liquid...
987
00:23:24,314 --> 00:23:25,624
methane and ethane-
988
00:23:25,674 --> 00:23:27,131
could be an ideal medium-
989
00:23:27,131 --> 00:23:28,755
for silicon-based life,
990
00:23:28,874 --> 00:23:36,076
or other radical biochemistries.
991
00:23:37,123 --> 00:23:38,653
Without ample sunlight,
992
00:23:38,743 --> 00:23:40,943
beings on worlds like Titan...
993
00:23:40,943 --> 00:23:42,961
would likely be chemosynthetic.
994
00:23:43,117 --> 00:23:44,448
Deriving their energy-
995
00:23:44,448 --> 00:23:47,866
by breaking down rocks.
996
00:24:01,366 --> 00:24:02,330
Such life forms-
997
00:24:02,350 --> 00:24:04,720
could have ultra slow metabolisms...
998
00:24:04,720 --> 00:24:06,444
and life cycles measured-
999
00:24:06,495 --> 00:24:12,456
in millions of years.
1000
00:24:15,837 --> 00:24:21,199
And frozen worlds aren't the only possible harbor for exotic life.
1001
00:24:22,487 --> 00:24:22,549
C
1002
00:24:22,549 --> 00:24:22,612
Co
1003
00:24:22,612 --> 00:24:22,674
CoR
1004
00:24:22,674 --> 00:24:22,737
CoRo
1005
00:24:22,737 --> 00:24:22,799
CoRoT
1006
00:24:22,799 --> 00:24:22,862
CoRoT-
1007
00:24:22,862 --> 00:24:22,987
CoRoT-7
1008
00:24:22,987 --> 00:24:23,267
CoRoT-7B
1009
00:24:23,267 --> 00:24:23,274
CoRoT-7B
ˢ
1010
00:24:23,274 --> 00:24:23,282
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘ
1011
00:24:23,282 --> 00:24:23,290
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖ
1012
00:24:23,290 --> 00:24:23,298
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉ
1013
00:24:23,298 --> 00:24:23,305
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ
1014
00:24:23,305 --> 00:24:23,313
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉ
1015
00:24:23,313 --> 00:24:23,321
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃ
1016
00:24:23,321 --> 00:24:23,329
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳ
1017
00:24:23,329 --> 00:24:23,336
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
1018
00:24:23,336 --> 00:24:23,344
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
1019
00:24:23,344 --> 00:24:23,352
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈ
1020
00:24:23,352 --> 00:24:23,360
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱ
1021
00:24:23,360 --> 00:24:23,368
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢ
1022
00:24:23,368 --> 00:24:23,376
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
1023
00:24:23,376 --> 00:24:23,384
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
1024
00:24:23,384 --> 00:24:23,392
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
1025
00:24:23,392 --> 00:24:23,399
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
1026
00:24:23,399 --> 00:24:23,407
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
1027
00:24:23,407 --> 00:24:23,415
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
1028
00:24:23,415 --> 00:24:23,423
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜
1029
00:24:23,423 --> 00:24:23,430
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵
1030
00:24:23,430 --> 00:24:23,438
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²
1031
00:24:23,438 --> 00:24:23,446
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰
1032
00:24:23,446 --> 00:24:23,454
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡ
1033
00:24:23,454 --> 00:24:23,461
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱ
1034
00:24:23,461 --> 00:24:23,469
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍ
1035
00:24:23,469 --> 00:24:23,477
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰ
1036
00:24:23,477 --> 00:24:23,485
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ
1037
00:24:23,485 --> 00:24:23,493
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ
1038
00:24:23,493 --> 00:24:23,501
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
1039
00:24:23,501 --> 00:24:23,509
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
1040
00:24:23,509 --> 00:24:23,517
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
1041
00:24:23,517 --> 00:24:23,524
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
1042
00:24:23,532 --> 00:24:23,540
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐ
1043
00:24:23,540 --> 00:24:23,548
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃ
1044
00:24:23,548 --> 00:24:23,555
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢ
1045
00:24:23,555 --> 00:24:23,563
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ
1046
00:24:23,563 --> 00:24:23,571
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄
1047
00:24:23,571 --> 00:24:23,579
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜
1048
00:24:23,579 --> 00:24:23,586
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸
1049
00:24:23,586 --> 00:24:23,594
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ
1050
00:24:23,594 --> 00:24:23,602
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉ
1051
00:24:23,602 --> 00:24:23,610
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃ
1052
00:24:23,610 --> 00:24:23,618
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳ
1053
00:24:23,618 --> 00:24:23,626
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
1054
00:24:23,626 --> 00:24:23,634
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
1055
00:24:23,634 --> 00:24:23,642
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗ
1056
00:24:23,642 --> 00:24:23,649
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉ
1057
00:24:23,649 --> 00:24:23,657
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐ
1058
00:24:23,657 --> 00:24:23,665
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
1059
00:24:23,665 --> 00:24:23,673
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
1060
00:24:23,673 --> 00:24:23,680
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
1061
00:24:23,680 --> 00:24:23,688
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
1062
00:24:23,688 --> 00:24:23,696
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
1063
00:24:23,696 --> 00:24:23,704
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
1064
00:24:23,704 --> 00:24:23,711
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
1065
00:24:23,711 --> 00:24:23,719
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
1066
00:24:23,719 --> 00:24:23,727
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄
1067
00:24:23,727 --> 00:24:23,735
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹
1068
00:24:23,735 --> 00:24:23,743
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰
1069
00:24:23,743 --> 00:24:23,751
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²
1070
00:24:23,751 --> 00:24:23,759
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶
1071
00:24:23,759 --> 00:24:23,767
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻
1072
00:24:23,767 --> 00:24:23,774
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹
1073
00:24:23,774 --> 00:24:23,782
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵
1074
00:24:23,782 --> 00:24:23,790
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²
1075
00:24:23,790 --> 00:24:23,798
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶
1076
00:24:23,798 --> 00:24:23,805
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`
1077
00:24:23,805 --> 00:24:25,821
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
1078
00:24:25,821 --> 00:24:27,114
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
In high temperatures,
1079
00:24:27,114 --> 00:24:28,522
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
typically rigid silicon-
1080
00:24:28,522 --> 00:24:28,584
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
1081
00:24:28,584 --> 00:24:30,203
CoRoT-7B
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
oxygen bonds become more...
1082
00:24:30,203 --> 00:24:30,368
CoRoT-7
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
flexible and reactive.
1083
00:24:30,368 --> 00:24:30,493
CoRoT-
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
flexible and reactive.
1084
00:24:30,493 --> 00:24:30,618
CoRoT
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
flexible and reactive.
1085
00:24:30,618 --> 00:24:30,625
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`ᶜ
flexible and reactive.
1086
00:24:30,625 --> 00:24:30,633
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶`
flexible and reactive.
1087
00:24:30,633 --> 00:24:30,641
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²⁶
flexible and reactive.
1088
00:24:30,641 --> 00:24:30,649
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵²
flexible and reactive.
1089
00:24:30,649 --> 00:24:30,656
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹⁵
flexible and reactive.
1090
00:24:30,656 --> 00:24:30,664
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻¹
flexible and reactive.
1091
00:24:30,664 --> 00:24:30,672
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶⁻
flexible and reactive.
1092
00:24:30,672 --> 00:24:30,680
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²⁶
flexible and reactive.
1093
00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:30,687
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰²
flexible and reactive.
1094
00:24:30,687 --> 00:24:30,695
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹⁰
flexible and reactive.
1095
00:24:30,695 --> 00:24:30,703
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄ ¹
flexible and reactive.
1096
00:24:30,703 --> 00:24:30,711
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ᠄
flexible and reactive.
1097
00:24:30,711 --> 00:24:30,719
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
flexible and reactive.
1098
00:24:30,719 --> 00:24:30,727
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
flexible and reactive.
1099
00:24:30,727 --> 00:24:30,735
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
flexible and reactive.
1100
00:24:30,735 --> 00:24:30,743
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
flexible and reactive.
1101
00:24:30,743 --> 00:24:30,750
CoRo
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
flexible and reactive.
1102
00:24:30,750 --> 00:24:30,758
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
flexible and reactive.
1103
00:24:30,758 --> 00:24:30,766
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
flexible and reactive.
1104
00:24:30,766 --> 00:24:30,774
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
flexible and reactive.
1105
00:24:30,774 --> 00:24:30,781
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐ
flexible and reactive.
1106
00:24:30,781 --> 00:24:30,789
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉ
flexible and reactive.
1107
00:24:30,789 --> 00:24:30,797
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗ
flexible and reactive.
1108
00:24:30,797 --> 00:24:30,805
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
flexible and reactive.
1109
00:24:30,805 --> 00:24:30,812
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
flexible and reactive.
1110
00:24:30,812 --> 00:24:30,820
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃʳ
flexible and reactive.
1111
00:24:30,820 --> 00:24:30,828
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉᵃ
flexible and reactive.
1112
00:24:30,828 --> 00:24:30,836
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ ᵉ
flexible and reactive.
1113
00:24:30,836 --> 00:24:30,844
CoR
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸ˣ
flexible and reactive.
1114
00:24:30,844 --> 00:24:30,852
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜⁸
flexible and reactive.
1115
00:24:30,852 --> 00:24:30,860
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄ ˜
flexible and reactive.
1116
00:24:30,860 --> 00:24:30,868
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄
flexible and reactive.
1117
00:24:30,868 --> 00:24:30,875
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ᠄
flexible and reactive.
1118
00:24:30,875 --> 00:24:30,883
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ
flexible and reactive.
1119
00:24:30,883 --> 00:24:30,891
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢ
flexible and reactive.
1120
00:24:30,891 --> 00:24:30,899
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃ
flexible and reactive.
1121
00:24:30,899 --> 00:24:30,906
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐ
flexible and reactive.
1122
00:24:30,906 --> 00:24:30,914
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
flexible and reactive.
1123
00:24:30,914 --> 00:24:30,922
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
flexible and reactive.
1124
00:24:30,922 --> 00:24:30,930
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
flexible and reactive.
1125
00:24:30,930 --> 00:24:30,937
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
flexible and reactive.
1126
00:24:30,937 --> 00:24:30,945
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ
flexible and reactive.
1127
00:24:30,945 --> 00:24:30,953
Co
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ
flexible and reactive.
1128
00:24:30,953 --> 00:24:30,961
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰ
flexible and reactive.
1129
00:24:30,961 --> 00:24:30,969
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱᵍ
flexible and reactive.
1130
00:24:30,969 --> 00:24:30,977
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡⁱ
flexible and reactive.
1131
00:24:30,977 --> 00:24:30,985
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰ ˡ
flexible and reactive.
1132
00:24:30,985 --> 00:24:30,993
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²⁰
flexible and reactive.
1133
00:24:30,993 --> 00:24:31,000
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵²
flexible and reactive.
1134
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:31,008
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜⁵
flexible and reactive.
1135
00:24:31,008 --> 00:24:31,016
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ˜
flexible and reactive.
1136
00:24:31,016 --> 00:24:31,024
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
flexible and reactive.
1137
00:24:31,024 --> 00:24:31,031
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
flexible and reactive.
1138
00:24:31,031 --> 00:24:31,039
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
flexible and reactive.
1139
00:24:31,039 --> 00:24:31,047
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
flexible and reactive.
1140
00:24:31,047 --> 00:24:31,055
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
1141
00:24:31,055 --> 00:24:31,062
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱˢ
1142
00:24:31,062 --> 00:24:31,070
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈⁱ
1143
00:24:31,070 --> 00:24:31,078
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈ
1144
00:24:31,078 --> 00:24:31,086
C
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
1145
00:24:31,086 --> 00:24:31,093
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
1146
00:24:31,093 --> 00:24:31,101
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳ
1147
00:24:31,101 --> 00:24:31,109
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃ
1148
00:24:31,109 --> 00:24:31,117
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉ
1149
00:24:31,117 --> 00:24:31,124
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ
1150
00:24:31,124 --> 00:24:31,132
ˢᵘᵖᵉ
1151
00:24:31,132 --> 00:24:31,140
ˢᵘᵖ
1152
00:24:31,140 --> 00:24:31,148
ˢᵘ
1153
00:24:31,148 --> 00:24:31,155
ˢ
1154
00:24:32,683 --> 00:24:36,048
Triggering more dynamic chemistry.
1155
00:24:39,860 --> 00:24:40,886
This has led to a-
1156
00:24:40,886 --> 00:24:43,326
truly bizarre proposal...
1157
00:24:43,464 --> 00:24:45,307
silicon-based life forms,
1158
00:24:45,307 --> 00:24:46,449
that live inside-
1159
00:24:46,489 --> 00:24:47,992
molten silicate rock.
1160
00:25:00,703 --> 00:25:01,594
In theory,
1161
00:25:01,654 --> 00:25:02,677
these forms could even-
1162
00:25:02,677 --> 00:25:04,254
exist deep beneath the Earth...
1163
00:25:04,294 --> 00:25:06,104
inside magma chambers,
1164
00:25:06,104 --> 00:25:10,643
as part of a shadow biosphere.
1165
00:25:12,142 --> 00:25:13,165
If so...
1166
00:25:13,487 --> 00:25:15,237
then the aliens are right-
1167
00:25:15,237 --> 00:25:17,532
under our noses.
1168
00:25:20,559 --> 00:25:21,898
Other shadow biospheres-
1169
00:25:21,938 --> 00:25:22,898
have been proposed...
1170
00:25:23,460 --> 00:25:24,502
forms of life...
1171
00:25:24,502 --> 00:25:25,402
living alongside us-
1172
00:25:25,462 --> 00:25:26,130
that we don't even-
1173
00:25:26,130 --> 00:25:27,330
know are here.
1174
00:25:27,338 --> 00:25:29,821
Including tiny RNA-based life,
1175
00:25:29,881 --> 00:25:31,887
small enough to go undetected-
1176
00:25:31,927 --> 00:25:34,077
by existing instruments.
1177
00:25:43,905 --> 00:25:44,905
[Many billion years ago]
1178
00:25:46,591 --> 00:25:48,772
Clouds of dust and empty space,
1179
00:25:48,797 --> 00:25:50,086
might seem like the last place-
1180
00:25:50,086 --> 00:25:53,394
you did expect to find anything living.
1181
00:25:53,947 --> 00:25:54,197
Astronomical Plasma
1182
00:25:54,197 --> 00:25:55,267
Astronomical Plasma
But when cosmic dust-
1183
00:25:55,267 --> 00:25:56,774
Astronomical Plasma
makes contact with plasma,
1184
00:25:56,774 --> 00:25:57,467
Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
makes contact with plasma,
1185
00:25:57,467 --> 00:25:57,529
Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
1186
00:25:57,529 --> 00:25:59,128
Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
a type of ionized gas...
1187
00:25:59,128 --> 00:26:01,923
Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
something strange happens.
1188
00:26:01,923 --> 00:26:01,985
Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
1189
00:26:05,550 --> 00:26:08,248
In simulated conditions dust particles,
1190
00:26:08,341 --> 00:26:09,965
have been seen spontaneously...
1191
00:26:09,965 --> 00:26:11,103
self-organizing into-
1192
00:26:11,133 --> 00:26:12,297
helical structures-
1193
00:26:12,297 --> 00:26:14,479
that resemble DNA.
1194
00:26:18,588 --> 00:26:19,992
These plasma crystals-
1195
00:26:19,992 --> 00:26:20,992
even begin to exhibit-
1196
00:26:21,034 --> 00:26:23,053
life-like behavior...
1197
00:26:23,578 --> 00:26:24,506
replicating,
1198
00:26:24,559 --> 00:26:25,709
evolving into more...
1199
00:26:25,709 --> 00:26:26,779
stable forms-
1200
00:26:26,833 --> 00:26:29,055
and passing on information.
1201
00:26:35,715 --> 00:26:38,870
Could these crystals be considered alive?
1202
00:26:41,564 --> 00:26:48,365
To some researchers, they meet all the criteria
to qualify as inorganic life forms.
1203
00:26:52,179 --> 00:26:56,664
So far, we have only ever seen them in computer simulations.
1204
00:26:58,513 --> 00:27:04,382
But some speculate we could find them
among the ice particles in the rings of Uranus.
1205
00:27:11,630 --> 00:27:12,110
Space Plasma
1206
00:27:12,110 --> 00:27:13,230
Space Plasma
Plasma is the most-
1207
00:27:13,230 --> 00:27:14,571
Space Plasma
common state of matter...
1208
00:27:14,571 --> 00:27:14,633
Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
1209
00:27:14,633 --> 00:27:16,033
Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
in the Universe.
1210
00:27:16,033 --> 00:27:17,386
Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
1211
00:27:17,386 --> 00:27:18,786
Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
If complex evolving-
1212
00:27:18,786 --> 00:27:20,966
Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
plasma crystals really exist?
1213
00:27:20,966 --> 00:27:22,997
Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
and if they can be considered life,
1214
00:27:22,997 --> 00:27:23,122
Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
1215
00:27:23,122 --> 00:27:27,149
Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
they could be its most common form.
1216
00:27:38,505 --> 00:27:47,019
Or perhaps life is lurking in the polar opposite environment:
inside the hearts of dead stars.
1217
00:27:51,170 --> 00:27:52,849
When massive suns explode,
1218
00:27:52,919 --> 00:27:54,079
some collapase into-
1219
00:27:54,079 --> 00:27:55,281
ultra dense cores...
1220
00:27:55,281 --> 00:27:55,343
P
ultra dense cores...
1221
00:27:55,343 --> 00:27:55,406
PS
ultra dense cores...
1222
00:27:55,406 --> 00:27:55,468
PSR
1223
00:27:55,468 --> 00:27:55,531
PSR B
called neutron stars.
1224
00:27:55,531 --> 00:27:55,562
PSR B1
called neutron stars.
1225
00:27:55,562 --> 00:27:55,593
PSR B15
called neutron stars.
1226
00:27:55,593 --> 00:27:55,624
PSR B150
called neutron stars.
1227
00:27:55,624 --> 00:27:55,656
PSR B1509
called neutron stars.
1228
00:27:55,656 --> 00:27:55,687
PSR B1509-
called neutron stars.
1229
00:27:55,687 --> 00:27:55,718
PSR B1509-5
called neutron stars.
1230
00:27:55,718 --> 00:27:56,100
PSR B1509-58
called neutron stars.
1231
00:27:56,100 --> 00:27:56,107
PSR B1509-58
called neutron stars.
1232
00:27:56,107 --> 00:27:56,115
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉ
called neutron stars.
1233
00:27:56,115 --> 00:27:56,123
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘ
called neutron stars.
1234
00:27:56,123 --> 00:27:56,131
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗ
called neutron stars.
1235
00:27:56,131 --> 00:27:56,138
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳ
called neutron stars.
1236
00:27:56,138 --> 00:27:56,146
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒ
called neutron stars.
1237
00:27:56,146 --> 00:27:56,154
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ
called neutron stars.
1238
00:27:56,154 --> 00:27:56,162
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢ
called neutron stars.
1239
00:27:56,162 --> 00:27:56,169
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗ
called neutron stars.
1240
00:27:56,169 --> 00:27:56,177
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃ
called neutron stars.
1241
00:27:56,177 --> 00:27:56,185
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ
called neutron stars.
1242
00:27:56,185 --> 00:27:56,193
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕
called neutron stars.
1243
00:27:56,193 --> 00:27:56,201
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖ
called neutron stars.
1244
00:27:56,201 --> 00:27:56,209
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘ
called neutron stars.
1245
00:27:56,209 --> 00:27:56,217
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡ
called neutron stars.
1246
00:27:56,217 --> 00:27:56,225
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢ
called neutron stars.
1247
00:27:56,225 --> 00:27:56,232
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃ
called neutron stars.
1248
00:27:56,232 --> 00:27:56,240
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
called neutron stars.
1249
00:27:56,240 --> 00:27:56,248
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈ
called neutron stars.
1250
00:27:56,248 --> 00:27:56,256
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱ
called neutron stars.
1251
00:27:56,256 --> 00:27:56,263
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢ
called neutron stars.
1252
00:27:56,263 --> 00:27:56,271
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
called neutron stars.
1253
00:27:56,271 --> 00:27:56,279
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
called neutron stars.
1254
00:27:56,279 --> 00:27:56,287
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
called neutron stars.
1255
00:27:56,287 --> 00:27:56,294
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
called neutron stars.
1256
00:27:56,294 --> 00:27:56,302
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
called neutron stars.
1257
00:27:56,302 --> 00:27:56,310
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
called neutron stars.
1258
00:27:56,310 --> 00:27:56,318
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹
called neutron stars.
1259
00:27:56,318 --> 00:27:56,326
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷
called neutron stars.
1260
00:27:56,326 --> 00:27:56,334
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰
called neutron stars.
1261
00:27:56,334 --> 00:27:56,342
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰
called neutron stars.
1262
00:27:56,342 --> 00:27:56,350
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰
called neutron stars.
1263
00:27:56,350 --> 00:27:56,357
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡ
called neutron stars.
1264
00:27:56,357 --> 00:27:56,365
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱ
called neutron stars.
1265
00:27:56,365 --> 00:27:56,373
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍ
called neutron stars.
1266
00:27:56,373 --> 00:27:56,381
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰ
called neutron stars.
1267
00:27:56,381 --> 00:27:56,388
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ
called neutron stars.
1268
00:27:56,388 --> 00:27:56,396
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ
called neutron stars.
1269
00:27:56,396 --> 00:27:56,404
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
called neutron stars.
1270
00:27:56,404 --> 00:27:56,412
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
called neutron stars.
1271
00:27:56,412 --> 00:27:56,419
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
called neutron stars.
1272
00:27:56,419 --> 00:27:56,427
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
called neutron stars.
1273
00:27:56,427 --> 00:27:56,435
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢ
called neutron stars.
1274
00:27:56,435 --> 00:27:56,443
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖ
called neutron stars.
1275
00:27:56,443 --> 00:27:56,451
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱ
called neutron stars.
1276
00:27:56,451 --> 00:27:56,459
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ
called neutron stars.
1277
00:27:56,459 --> 00:27:56,467
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳ
called neutron stars.
1278
00:27:56,467 --> 00:27:56,475
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃ
called neutron stars.
1279
00:27:56,475 --> 00:27:56,482
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗ
called neutron stars.
1280
00:27:56,482 --> 00:27:56,490
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ
called neutron stars.
1281
00:27:56,490 --> 00:27:56,498
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄
called neutron stars.
1282
00:27:56,498 --> 00:27:56,506
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜
called neutron stars.
1283
00:27:56,506 --> 00:27:56,513
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷
called neutron stars.
1284
00:27:56,513 --> 00:27:56,521
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕
called neutron stars.
1285
00:27:56,521 --> 00:27:56,529
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢ
called neutron stars.
1286
00:27:56,529 --> 00:27:56,537
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉ
called neutron stars.
1287
00:27:56,537 --> 00:27:56,544
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜ
called neutron stars.
1288
00:27:56,544 --> 00:27:56,552
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒ
called neutron stars.
1289
00:27:56,552 --> 00:27:56,560
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿ
called neutron stars.
1290
00:27:56,560 --> 00:27:57,402
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
called neutron stars.
1291
00:27:57,402 --> 00:27:57,826
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
1292
00:27:57,826 --> 00:28:00,096
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
Hulking masses of atomic nuclei,
1293
00:28:00,096 --> 00:28:00,158
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
1294
00:28:00,158 --> 00:28:02,871
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
crammed together like sardines.
1295
00:28:02,871 --> 00:28:05,306
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
1296
00:28:05,306 --> 00:28:06,624
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
Conditions on the surface-
1297
00:28:06,624 --> 00:28:07,601
PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
are mind-boggling...
1298
00:28:07,601 --> 00:28:07,663
PSR B1509-5
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
are mind-boggling...
1299
00:28:07,663 --> 00:28:07,726
PSR B1509-
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
are mind-boggling...
1300
00:28:07,726 --> 00:28:07,788
PSR B1509
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
are mind-boggling...
1301
00:28:07,788 --> 00:28:07,851
PSR B150
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
1302
00:28:07,851 --> 00:28:07,913
PSR B15
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
1303
00:28:07,913 --> 00:28:07,976
PSR B1
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
1304
00:28:07,976 --> 00:28:07,983
PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
1305
00:28:07,983 --> 00:28:07,991
PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿ
1306
00:28:07,991 --> 00:28:07,999
PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒ
1307
00:28:07,999 --> 00:28:08,007
PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜ
1308
00:28:08,007 --> 00:28:08,014
PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖᶦⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉ
1309
00:28:08,014 --> 00:28:08,022
PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢ
1310
00:28:08,022 --> 00:28:08,030
PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕
1311
00:28:08,030 --> 00:28:08,038
PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷
1312
00:28:08,038 --> 00:28:08,045
PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜
1313
00:28:08,045 --> 00:28:08,053
PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄
1314
00:28:08,053 --> 00:28:08,061
PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ
1315
00:28:08,061 --> 00:28:08,069
PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗ
1316
00:28:08,069 --> 00:28:08,077
PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃ
1317
00:28:08,077 --> 00:28:08,085
PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳ
1318
00:28:08,085 --> 00:28:08,093
PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ
1319
00:28:08,093 --> 00:28:08,101
PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖᶦ
1320
00:28:08,101 --> 00:28:08,108
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖ
1321
00:28:08,108 --> 00:28:08,116
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢ
1322
00:28:08,116 --> 00:28:08,124
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
1323
00:28:08,124 --> 00:28:08,132
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
1324
00:28:08,132 --> 00:28:08,139
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
1325
00:28:08,139 --> 00:28:08,147
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
1326
00:28:08,147 --> 00:28:08,155
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ
1327
00:28:08,155 --> 00:28:08,163
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ
1328
00:28:08,163 --> 00:28:08,170
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰ
1329
00:28:08,170 --> 00:28:08,178
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍ
1330
00:28:08,178 --> 00:28:08,186
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱ
1331
00:28:08,186 --> 00:28:08,194
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡ
1332
00:28:08,194 --> 00:28:08,202
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰
1333
00:28:08,202 --> 00:28:08,210
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰
1334
00:28:08,210 --> 00:28:08,218
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰
1335
00:28:08,218 --> 00:28:08,226
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷
1336
00:28:08,226 --> 00:28:08,233
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹
1337
00:28:08,233 --> 00:28:08,241
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
1338
00:28:08,241 --> 00:28:08,249
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
1339
00:28:08,249 --> 00:28:08,257
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
1340
00:28:08,257 --> 00:28:08,264
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
1341
00:28:08,264 --> 00:28:08,272
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
1342
00:28:08,272 --> 00:28:08,280
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
1343
00:28:08,280 --> 00:28:08,288
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢ
1344
00:28:08,288 --> 00:28:08,295
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱ
1345
00:28:08,295 --> 00:28:08,303
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈ
1346
00:28:08,303 --> 00:28:08,311
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
1347
00:28:08,311 --> 00:28:08,319
PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃ
1348
00:28:08,319 --> 00:28:08,327
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢ
1349
00:28:08,327 --> 00:28:08,335
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡ
1350
00:28:08,335 --> 00:28:08,343
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘ
1351
00:28:08,343 --> 00:28:08,351
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖ
1352
00:28:08,351 --> 00:28:08,358
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕
1353
00:28:08,358 --> 00:28:08,366
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ
1354
00:28:08,366 --> 00:28:08,374
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃ
1355
00:28:08,374 --> 00:28:08,382
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗ
1356
00:28:08,382 --> 00:28:08,389
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢ
1357
00:28:08,389 --> 00:28:08,397
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ
1358
00:28:08,397 --> 00:28:08,405
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒ
1359
00:28:08,405 --> 00:28:08,413
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳ
1360
00:28:08,413 --> 00:28:08,420
P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗ
1361
00:28:08,420 --> 00:28:08,428
P
ⁿᵉᵘ
1362
00:28:08,428 --> 00:28:08,436
P
ⁿᵉ
1363
00:28:08,436 --> 00:28:08,444
P
ⁿ
1364
00:28:08,444 --> 00:28:08,452
P
1365
00:28:08,552 --> 00:28:11,120
gravity is a hundred billion times...
1366
00:28:11,120 --> 00:28:12,308
stronger than Earths.
1367
00:28:15,524 --> 00:28:18,023
But beneath their iron nuclei crust lies,
1368
00:28:18,073 --> 00:28:19,820
something strange...
1369
00:28:21,334 --> 00:28:22,748
a hot dense sea...
1370
00:28:22,748 --> 00:28:25,880
of neutrons and subatomic particles.
1371
00:28:34,390 --> 00:28:36,133
Stripped of their electron shells-
1372
00:28:36,217 --> 00:28:38,286
these nuclei would obey entirely...
1373
00:28:38,286 --> 00:28:40,330
different laws of chemistry,
1374
00:28:40,380 --> 00:28:42,714
based not on the electromagnetic force,
1375
00:28:42,914 --> 00:28:44,956
but the strong nuclear force...
1376
00:28:45,107 --> 00:28:48,210
which binds nuclei together.
1377
00:28:49,490 --> 00:28:50,509
In theory...
1378
00:28:50,614 --> 00:28:52,444
these particles could link-up to form-
1379
00:28:52,444 --> 00:28:54,333
larger macronuclei...
1380
00:28:54,456 --> 00:28:55,136
which could then-
1381
00:28:55,136 --> 00:28:57,143
combine into even bigger-
1382
00:28:57,143 --> 00:28:58,103
super nuclei.
1383
00:29:06,596 --> 00:29:07,750
If so...
1384
00:29:07,785 --> 00:29:09,535
then this bewildering environment,
1385
00:29:09,535 --> 00:29:10,624
would mimic the basic-
1386
00:29:10,664 --> 00:29:12,334
conditions for life.
1387
00:29:12,354 --> 00:29:14,054
Heavy nucleon molecules,
1388
00:29:14,084 --> 00:29:15,547
floating in a complex-
1389
00:29:15,547 --> 00:29:17,440
particle ocean.
1390
00:29:22,509 --> 00:29:23,521
Some scientists have-
1391
00:29:23,521 --> 00:29:25,125
proposed the unimaginable...
1392
00:29:26,319 --> 00:29:27,783
exotic life forms...
1393
00:29:27,813 --> 00:29:28,783
drifting through the-
1394
00:29:28,783 --> 00:29:30,593
strange particle sea,
1395
00:29:30,953 --> 00:29:32,321
living evolving...
1396
00:29:32,389 --> 00:29:34,629
and dying on incomprehensibly-
1397
00:29:34,629 --> 00:29:37,169
fast time scales...
1398
00:29:55,662 --> 00:30:00,745
There's probably no chance of ever detecting
such a strange breed of life.
1399
00:30:02,572 --> 00:30:07,673
But there may be hope for finding an even more exotic form.
1400
00:30:19,226 --> 00:30:20,346
Life is not something-
1401
00:30:20,346 --> 00:30:23,750
that has to evolve naturally.
1402
00:30:26,126 --> 00:30:29,200
It can be designed.
1403
00:30:41,446 --> 00:30:42,558
And once intelligence-
1404
00:30:42,558 --> 00:30:43,753
is introduced into the-
1405
00:30:43,783 --> 00:30:45,926
evolutionary process,
1406
00:30:46,086 --> 00:30:48,262
a Pandora's box is opened.
1407
00:31:05,897 --> 00:31:07,290
Free from typical...
1408
00:31:07,290 --> 00:31:08,683
biological limitations,
1409
00:31:08,743 --> 00:31:11,003
synthetic and machine-based life-
1410
00:31:11,003 --> 00:31:11,647
could be the most...
1411
00:31:11,697 --> 00:31:14,872
successful of all.
1412
00:31:16,457 --> 00:31:17,237
It could thrive...
1413
00:31:17,237 --> 00:31:18,417
almost anywhere,
1414
00:31:18,461 --> 00:31:20,685
including the vaccum of space,
1415
00:31:20,745 --> 00:31:22,543
opening up vast frontiers...
1416
00:31:22,543 --> 00:31:25,591
unavailable to biological organisms.
1417
00:31:31,667 --> 00:31:33,353
And compared to the glacial pace-
1418
00:31:33,383 --> 00:31:34,631
of natural selection,
1419
00:31:34,941 --> 00:31:36,644
technical evolution-
1420
00:31:36,674 --> 00:31:38,227
allows exponentially...
1421
00:31:38,227 --> 00:31:39,434
faster growth,
1422
00:31:39,484 --> 00:31:42,961
adaptability and resilience.
1423
00:31:55,937 --> 00:31:57,238
By some estimates,
1424
00:31:57,298 --> 00:31:58,272
autonomous self-
1425
00:31:58,272 --> 00:31:59,347
replicating machines...
1426
00:31:59,367 --> 00:32:00,377
could colonize...
1427
00:32:00,437 --> 00:32:01,830
an entire galaxy-
1428
00:32:01,830 --> 00:32:02,416
in as little...
1429
00:32:02,456 --> 00:32:04,683
as a million years.
1430
00:32:18,687 --> 00:32:19,748
We can't predict...
1431
00:32:19,788 --> 00:32:21,484
how hyper-intelligent life-
1432
00:32:21,484 --> 00:32:23,200
would organize itself,
1433
00:32:26,367 --> 00:32:27,377
but in theory,
1434
00:32:27,377 --> 00:32:27,984
there could be-
1435
00:32:28,054 --> 00:32:30,810
convergent evolution at play.
1436
00:32:32,177 --> 00:32:34,403
The electrical properties of Silicon-
1437
00:32:34,433 --> 00:32:36,326
might make it a universal basis...
1438
00:32:36,326 --> 00:32:38,529
for machine intelligence,
1439
00:32:38,567 --> 00:32:39,604
a redemption...
1440
00:32:39,604 --> 00:32:44,648
for its biological shortcomings.
1441
00:33:02,906 --> 00:33:04,585
With all its potential advantages,
1442
00:33:04,585 --> 00:33:07,601
With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint:
1443
00:33:07,601 --> 00:33:15,189
With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint:
the apex of evolutionary process.
1444
00:33:53,263 --> 00:33:55,005
As the universe ages,
1445
00:33:55,065 --> 00:33:56,668
perhaps machine intelligence...
1446
00:33:56,668 --> 00:33:58,443
would come to dominate,
1447
00:33:58,633 --> 00:33:59,805
and naturally occurring-
1448
00:33:59,805 --> 00:34:01,700
biological life will be viewed...
1449
00:34:01,750 --> 00:34:04,198
as a quaint starting point.
1450
00:34:09,423 --> 00:34:09,919
Perhaps...
1451
00:34:09,919 --> 00:34:10,712
we ourselves...
1452
00:34:10,792 --> 00:34:12,716
will lead this transition,
1453
00:34:12,973 --> 00:34:14,493
and the great human experiment...
1454
00:34:14,533 --> 00:34:15,294
would be merely...
1455
00:34:15,294 --> 00:34:16,421
a first link-
1456
00:34:16,441 --> 00:34:17,362
in a sprawling,
1457
00:34:17,404 --> 00:34:23,600
intergalactic chain of life.
1458
00:34:50,965 --> 00:35:02,039
In the end, we are still the only beings we know of
in the museum of alien life.
1459
00:35:07,170 --> 00:35:10,359
To truly know ourselves, we will have to know:
1460
00:35:10,359 --> 00:35:13,329
To truly know ourselves, we will have to know:
are we the only ones?
1461
00:35:27,399 --> 00:35:29,425
Loren Eiseley has said...
1462
00:35:29,499 --> 00:35:30,476
that one does not
1463
00:35:30,486 --> 00:35:31,669
meet oneself...
1464
00:35:31,669 --> 00:35:32,899
until one catches...
1465
00:35:32,931 --> 00:35:35,131
the reflection from an eye-
1466
00:35:35,181 --> 00:35:36,317
other than human.
1467
00:35:38,665 --> 00:35:39,855
One day that eye-
1468
00:35:39,925 --> 00:35:41,110
maybe that...
1469
00:35:41,110 --> 00:35:42,355
of an intelligent alien.
1470
00:35:45,612 --> 00:35:46,555
And the sooner-
1471
00:35:46,555 --> 00:35:48,025
we eschew our...
1472
00:35:48,165 --> 00:35:51,835
narrow view of evolution,
1473
00:35:52,024 --> 00:35:52,704
the sooner-
1474
00:35:52,704 --> 00:35:54,121
we can...
1475
00:35:54,211 --> 00:35:55,798
truly explore,
1476
00:35:55,828 --> 00:35:57,844
our ultimate origins...
1477
00:35:57,874 --> 00:36:01,698
and destinations.
1478
00:36:04,088 --> 00:36:07,169
We have seen what could be out there.
1479
00:36:10,426 --> 00:36:12,992
And we know how we might find it.
1480
00:36:15,796 --> 00:36:18,616
There is only one thing left to do.
1481
00:36:21,646 --> 00:36:25,670
Go looking.
1482
00:36:27,487 --> 00:36:28,487
End Credit In 3...
1483
00:36:28,487 --> 00:36:29,487
End Credit In 2...
1484
00:36:29,487 --> 00:36:30,487
End Credit In 1...
1485
00:36:30,487 --> 00:36:30,503
End Credit In 0.99...
1486
00:36:30,503 --> 00:36:30,510
End Credit In 0.98...
1487
00:36:30,510 --> 00:36:30,518
End Credit In 0.97...
1488
00:36:30,518 --> 00:36:30,534
End Credit In 0.96...
1489
00:36:30,534 --> 00:36:30,541
End Credit In 0.95...
1490
00:36:30,541 --> 00:36:30,549
End Credit In 0.94...
1491
00:36:30,549 --> 00:36:30,557
End Credit In 0.93...
1492
00:36:30,557 --> 00:36:30,565
End Credit In 0.92...
1493
00:36:30,565 --> 00:36:30,573
End Credit In 0.92...
1494
00:36:30,573 --> 00:36:30,581
End Credit In 0.91...
1495
00:36:30,581 --> 00:36:30,589
End Credit In 0.90...
1496
00:36:30,589 --> 00:36:30,597
End Credit In 0.89...
1497
00:36:30,597 --> 00:36:30,604
End Credit In 0.89...
1498
00:36:30,604 --> 00:36:30,612
End Credit In 0.88...
1499
00:36:30,612 --> 00:36:30,620
End Credit In 0.87...
1500
00:36:30,620 --> 00:36:30,628
End Credit In 0.86...
1501
00:36:30,628 --> 00:36:30,643
End Credit In 0.85...
1502
00:36:30,643 --> 00:36:30,651
End Credit In 0.84...
1503
00:36:30,651 --> 00:36:30,659
End Credit In 0.83...
1504
00:36:30,659 --> 00:36:30,666
End Credit In 0.82...
1505
00:36:30,666 --> 00:36:30,674
End Credit In 0.82...
1506
00:36:30,674 --> 00:36:30,682
End Credit In 0.81...
1507
00:36:30,682 --> 00:36:30,690
End Credit In 0.80...
1508
00:36:30,690 --> 00:36:30,698
End Credit In 0.79...
1509
00:36:30,698 --> 00:36:30,706
End Credit In 0.78...
1510
00:36:30,706 --> 00:36:30,722
End Credit In 0.77...
1511
00:36:30,722 --> 00:36:30,729
End Credit In 0.76...
1512
00:36:30,729 --> 00:36:30,737
End Credit In 0.75...
1513
00:36:30,737 --> 00:36:30,753
End Credit In 0.74...
1514
00:36:30,753 --> 00:36:30,760
End Credit In 0.73...
1515
00:36:30,760 --> 00:36:30,768
End Credit In 0.72...
1516
00:36:30,768 --> 00:36:30,784
End Credit In 0.71...
1517
00:36:30,784 --> 00:36:30,791
End Credit In 0.70...
1518
00:36:30,791 --> 00:36:30,799
End Credit In 0.69...
1519
00:36:30,799 --> 00:36:30,807
End Credit In 0.68...
1520
00:36:30,807 --> 00:36:30,815
End Credit In 0.67...
1521
00:36:30,815 --> 00:36:30,823
End Credit In 0.67...
1522
00:36:30,823 --> 00:36:30,831
End Credit In 0.66...
1523
00:36:30,831 --> 00:36:30,839
End Credit In 0.65...
1524
00:36:30,839 --> 00:36:30,847
End Credit In 0.64...
1525
00:36:30,847 --> 00:36:30,854
End Credit In 0.64...
1526
00:36:30,854 --> 00:36:30,862
End Credit In 0.63...
1527
00:36:30,862 --> 00:36:30,870
End Credit In 0.62...
1528
00:36:30,870 --> 00:36:30,878
End Credit In 0.61...
1529
00:36:30,878 --> 00:36:30,893
End Credit In 0.60...
1530
00:36:30,893 --> 00:36:30,901
End Credit In 0.59...
1531
00:36:30,901 --> 00:36:30,909
End Credit In 0.58...
1532
00:36:30,909 --> 00:36:30,916
End Credit In 0.57...
1533
00:36:30,916 --> 00:36:30,924
End Credit In 0.57...
1534
00:36:30,924 --> 00:36:30,932
End Credit In 0.56...
1535
00:36:30,932 --> 00:36:30,940
End Credit In 0.54...
1536
00:36:30,940 --> 00:36:30,948
End Credit In 0.53...
1537
00:36:30,948 --> 00:36:30,956
End Credit In 0.52...
1538
00:36:30,956 --> 00:36:30,972
End Credit In 0.51...
1539
00:36:30,972 --> 00:36:30,979
End Credit In 0.50...
1540
00:36:30,979 --> 00:36:30,987
End Credit In 0.49...
1541
00:36:30,987 --> 00:36:31,003
End Credit In 0.48...
1542
00:36:31,003 --> 00:36:31,010
End Credit In 0.47...
1543
00:36:31,010 --> 00:36:31,018
End Credit In 0.46...
1544
00:36:31,018 --> 00:36:31,034
End Credit In 0.45...
1545
00:36:31,034 --> 00:36:31,041
End Credit In 0.44...
1546
00:36:31,041 --> 00:36:31,049
End Credit In 0.43...
1547
00:36:31,049 --> 00:36:31,057
End Credit In 0.42...
1548
00:36:31,057 --> 00:36:31,065
End Credit In 0.41...
1549
00:36:31,065 --> 00:36:31,073
End Credit In 0.41...
1550
00:36:31,073 --> 00:36:31,081
End Credit In 0.40...
1551
00:36:31,081 --> 00:36:31,089
End Credit In 0.40...
1552
00:36:31,089 --> 00:36:31,097
End Credit In 0.39...
1553
00:36:31,097 --> 00:36:31,104
End Credit In 0.38...
1554
00:36:31,104 --> 00:36:31,112
End Credit In 0.37...
1555
00:36:31,112 --> 00:36:31,120
End Credit In 0.36...
1556
00:36:31,120 --> 00:36:31,128
End Credit In 0.35...
1557
00:36:31,128 --> 00:36:31,143
End Credit In 0.34...
1558
00:36:31,143 --> 00:36:31,151
End Credit In 0.33...
1559
00:36:31,151 --> 00:36:31,159
End Credit In 0.32...
1560
00:36:31,159 --> 00:36:31,166
End Credit In 0.31...
1561
00:36:31,166 --> 00:36:31,174
End Credit In 0.31...
1562
00:36:31,174 --> 00:36:31,182
End Credit In 0.30...
1563
00:36:31,182 --> 00:36:31,190
End Credit In 0.29...
1564
00:36:31,190 --> 00:36:31,198
End Credit In 0.28...
1565
00:36:31,198 --> 00:36:31,206
End Credit In 0.27...
1566
00:36:31,206 --> 00:36:31,222
End Credit In 0.26...
1567
00:36:31,222 --> 00:36:31,229
End Credit In 0.25...
1568
00:36:31,229 --> 00:36:31,237
End Credit In 0.24...
1569
00:36:31,237 --> 00:36:31,253
End Credit In 0.23...
1570
00:36:31,253 --> 00:36:31,260
End Credit In 0.22...
1571
00:36:31,260 --> 00:36:31,268
End Credit In 0.21...
1572
00:36:31,268 --> 00:36:31,284
End Credit In 0.20...
1573
00:36:31,284 --> 00:36:31,291
End Credit In 0.19...
1574
00:36:31,291 --> 00:36:31,299
End Credit In 0.18...
1575
00:36:31,299 --> 00:36:31,307
End Credit In 0.17...
1576
00:36:31,307 --> 00:36:31,315
End Credit In 0.16...
1577
00:36:31,315 --> 00:36:31,331
End Credit In 0.15...
1578
00:36:31,331 --> 00:36:31,339
End Credit In 0.14...
1579
00:36:31,339 --> 00:36:31,347
End Credit In 0.13...
1580
00:36:31,347 --> 00:36:31,354
End Credit In 0.13...
1581
00:36:31,354 --> 00:36:31,362
End Credit In 0.12...
1582
00:36:31,362 --> 00:36:31,370
End Credit In 0.11...
1583
00:36:31,370 --> 00:36:31,378
End Credit In 0.10...
1584
00:36:31,378 --> 00:36:31,385
End Credit In 0.09...
1585
00:36:31,385 --> 00:36:31,393
End Credit In 0.08...
1586
00:36:31,393 --> 00:36:31,401
End Credit In 0.07...
1587
00:36:31,401 --> 00:36:31,409
End Credit In 0.06...
1588
00:36:31,409 --> 00:36:31,416
End Credit In 0.05...
1589
00:36:31,416 --> 00:36:31,424
End Credit In 0.05...
1590
00:36:31,424 --> 00:36:31,432
End Credit In 0.04...
1591
00:36:31,432 --> 00:36:31,440
End Credit In 0.03...
1592
00:36:31,440 --> 00:36:31,448
End Credit In 0.03...
1593
00:36:31,448 --> 00:36:31,456
End Credit In 0.02...
1594
00:36:31,456 --> 00:36:31,472
End Credit In 0.01...
1595
00:36:33,306 --> 00:36:33,926
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1596
00:36:33,926 --> 00:36:33,957
ᴄ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1597
00:36:33,957 --> 00:36:33,988
ᴄᴀ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1598
00:36:33,988 --> 00:36:34,019
ᴄᴀᴘ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1599
00:36:34,019 --> 00:36:34,051
ᴄᴀᴘᴛ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1600
00:36:34,051 --> 00:36:34,082
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1601
00:36:34,082 --> 00:36:34,113
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1602
00:36:34,113 --> 00:36:34,144
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴇ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1603
00:36:34,144 --> 00:36:34,176
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪ
ᴇʀ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1604
00:36:34,176 --> 00:36:34,207
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪs
ᴇʀɴ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1605
00:36:34,207 --> 00:36:34,238
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ
ᴇʀɴᴇ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1606
00:36:34,238 --> 00:36:34,269
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇs
ᴇ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1607
00:36:34,269 --> 00:36:34,301
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀ
ᴇʀ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1608
00:36:34,301 --> 00:36:34,332
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏ
ᴇʀɪ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1609
00:36:34,332 --> 00:36:34,363
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏs
ᴇʀɪᴄ
ᴋ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1610
00:36:34,363 --> 00:36:34,394
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ
ᴋɪ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1611
00:36:34,394 --> 00:36:34,426
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ s
ᴋɪʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1612
00:36:34,426 --> 00:36:34,457
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏ
ᴋɪʟʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1613
00:36:34,457 --> 00:36:34,488
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1614
00:36:34,488 --> 00:36:34,519
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1615
00:36:34,519 --> 00:36:34,551
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1616
00:36:34,551 --> 00:36:34,582
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1617
00:36:34,582 --> 00:36:34,613
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1618
00:36:34,613 --> 00:36:34,644
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1619
00:36:34,644 --> 00:36:34,676
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪɢ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1620
00:36:34,676 --> 00:36:34,707
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪɢᴜ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1621
00:36:34,707 --> 00:36:34,738
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪɢᴜᴇ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1622
00:36:34,738 --> 00:36:34,769
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪɢᴜᴇɪ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1623
00:36:34,769 --> 00:36:34,801
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪɢᴜᴇɪʀ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1624
00:36:34,801 --> 00:36:34,832
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪɢᴜᴇɪʀᴇ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1625
00:36:34,832 --> 00:36:34,863
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪɢᴜᴇɪʀᴇᴅ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1626
00:36:34,863 --> 00:36:36,839
ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴇʀɴᴇsʀʏsᴛ ᴊᴀᴄᴋɪɴɴ
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ sᴏᴀʀᴇs ꜰɪɢᴜᴇɪʀᴇᴅᴏ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1627
00:36:36,839 --> 00:36:40,741
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
1628
00:36:40,741 --> 00:36:42,761
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
1629
00:36:42,761 --> 00:36:48,651
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
1630
00:36:48,651 --> 00:36:49,891
Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
ɴᴀʀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
1631
00:36:49,891 --> 00:36:51,261
Protocol Labs
ɴᴀʀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Will Crowley
1632
00:36:51,261 --> 00:36:52,571
ɴᴀʀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Will Crowley
ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴍᴜsɪᴄ, & ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
1633
00:36:52,571 --> 00:36:54,121
Will Crowley
ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴍᴜsɪᴄ, & ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
Melodysheep (John D. Boswell)
1634
00:36:54,121 --> 00:36:55,201
ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴍᴜsɪᴄ, & ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
Melodysheep (John D. Boswell)
ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
1635
00:36:55,201 --> 00:36:56,001
Melodysheep (John D. Boswell)
ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
Lynn Huberty
1636
00:36:56,001 --> 00:36:56,668
ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
Lynn Huberty
Tim Stupak
1637
00:36:56,668 --> 00:36:57,461
Lynn Huberty
Tim Stupak
NASA
1638
00:36:57,461 --> 00:36:58,831
Tim Stupak
NASA
Evolve
1639
00:36:58,831 --> 00:37:00,251
NASA
Evolve
sᴏᴜɴᴅʙɪᴛᴇs ꜰʀᴏᴍ
1640
00:37:00,251 --> 00:37:01,031
Evolve
sᴏᴜɴᴅʙɪᴛᴇs ꜰʀᴏᴍ
Nick Lane
1641
00:37:01,031 --> 00:37:01,671
sᴏᴜɴᴅʙɪᴛᴇs ꜰʀᴏᴍ
Nick Lane
Jonathan Losos
1642
00:37:01,671 --> 00:37:02,471
Nick Lane
Jonathan Losos
Caleb Scharf
1643
00:37:02,471 --> 00:37:03,161
Jonathan Losos
Caleb Scharf
Jack Cohen
1644
00:37:03,161 --> 00:37:04,581
Caleb Scharf
Jack Cohen
Jill Tarter
1645
00:37:04,581 --> 00:37:05,851
Jack Cohen
Jill Tarter
sᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ ᴛʜᴀɴᴋs ᴛᴏ
1646
00:37:05,851 --> 00:37:06,701
Jill Tarter
sᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ ᴛʜᴀɴᴋs ᴛᴏ
Juan Benet
1647
00:37:06,701 --> 00:37:07,464
sᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ ᴛʜᴀɴᴋs ᴛᴏ
Juan Benet
Rowdy Jansen
1648
00:37:07,464 --> 00:37:08,064
Juan Benet
Rowdy Jansen
Lynn Huberty
1649
00:37:08,064 --> 00:37:08,674
Rowdy Jansen
Lynn Huberty
Tim Stupak
1650
00:37:08,674 --> 00:37:09,574
Lynn Huberty
Tim Stupak
Joel Edwards
1651
00:37:09,574 --> 00:37:10,944
Tim Stupak
Joel Edwards
Melodysheep Patreon supporters
1652
00:37:10,944 --> 00:37:12,194
Joel Edwards
Melodysheep Patreon supporters
sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴛ
1653
00:37:12,194 --> 00:37:13,644
Melodysheep Patreon supporters
sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴛ
patreon.com/melodysheep
1654
00:37:13,644 --> 00:37:14,354
sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴛ
patreon.com/melodysheep
Melodysheep.com
1655
00:37:14,354 --> 00:37:15,054
patreon.com/melodysheep
Melodysheep.com
Twitter: @musicalscience
1656
00:37:15,054 --> 00:37:16,664
Melodysheep.com
Twitter: @musicalscience
Instagram: @melodysheep
1657
00:37:16,664 --> 00:37:17,784
Twitter: @musicalscience
Instagram: @melodysheep
ᵃⁿ
1658
00:37:17,784 --> 00:37:19,124
Instagram: @melodysheep
ᵃⁿ
Amber Mountain Studios
1659
00:37:19,124 --> 00:37:27,658
ᵃⁿ
Amber Mountain Studios
ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ
1660
00:37:29,584 --> 00:37:37,397
ɴᴇxᴛ ᴏɴ ʟɪꜰᴇ ʙᴇʏᴏɴᴅ:
Making contact with intelligent life
Intergalactic civilizations
Surviving the end of the universe
1661
00:37:39,427 --> 00:37:45,724
sᴏᴜɴᴅᴛʀᴀᴄᴋ ᴄᴏᴍɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴀʟʟ ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀ ᴍᴜsɪᴄ ᴘʟᴀᴛꜰᴏʀᴍs
1662
00:37:46,977 --> 00:37:54,090
sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇxᴛ ᴄʜᴀᴘᴛᴇʀ ᴀᴛ:
patreon.com/melodysheep